CH624558A5 - Smoking product - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an elongated smoking article. Examples are cigarettes, cigarillos or cigars which have a smoke substance, for example tobacco, reprocessed tobacco leaves or artificially produced smoke substance.

It is known that the internal density of the fillers for cigarettes, cigarillos or cigars can be reduced in such a way that, if they are used instead of untreated filler, the packing density in these tobacco products can be considerably reduced, while a sufficient level of mechanical strength can be maintained .

In modern cigarettes, there is a high degree of connection between the tar dispensed and nicotine, so that in general a small tar dispensing means a small nicotine dispensing. As a result, when a smoker changes from a high or medium tar cigarette brand to a low tar cigarette brand, the nicotine cessation no longer achieves a satisfactory level. It is, therefore, a desirable goal to develop cigarettes that have reduced tar deliveries but keep nicotine deliveries above an acceptable level.

It is known that increasing the level of nicotine in a cigarette leads to a reduction in the tar: nicotine ratio of the smoke. However, the nicotine content of conventional tobacco fillers, even after filtering or diluting the main smoke stream to obtain acceptable nicotine deliveries, cannot be raised to very high levels because the nicotine content of the sidestream smoke is still unacceptably high. The term "mainstream smoke" means that smoke which is smoked by the smoker from the cigarette into the mouth of the smoker; the expression "sidestream smoke"

means the smoke that flows from the cigarette into the ambient air.

In the case of a cigarette that has a filler with a reduced internal density (e.g. expanded tobacco filler), the lower weight of the filler consumed during smoking means that smaller amounts of nicotine are released in both the mainstream smoke and the secondary flow smoke. Therefore, a blown tobacco filler can be given a higher nicotine level than that which would be acceptable with a conventional unexpanded filler, whereby the tar: nicotine ratio can be reduced further than previously thought.

The use of such fillers of lower density and higher packing density in, for example, cigarettes has the disadvantage that the number of puffs required to smoke the smoking product is reduced. Most of the reduction in the number of puffs is caused by the reduction in the weight of the filler, but there is a small increase in the amount of burn-up in the event that the density of the filler is reduced, so that the number of puffs is further reduced is. In general, a reduction in the number of puffs is unacceptable to the smoker.

It is an object of the invention to correct and, in some cases, eliminate the reduction in puffs, the reduction in pits produced by the use of lower density and higher packing density fillers, to thereby enable the production of cigarettes with a smaller delivery of tar, but have a greater release of nicotine compared to that previously possible.

The use of ripped, cut tobacco leaves in a tobacco blend has been found to reduce the emission of carbon monoxide in the smoke. However, the use of blown tobacco in a cigarette, as mentioned above, reduces the number of puffs to an unacceptable level.

It is another object of the invention to provide means to reduce the emission of carbon monoxide in the smoke if blown tobacco is used, but at the same time without reducing the number of puffs of the cigarette containing the blown tobacco.

It is possible to increase the number of puffs of a cigarette by a number of methods, as explained below: the dimensions of the cigarette can be changed; this is not desirable because it can result in a changed cigarette size that is not accepted by the smoker.

A tobacco of the same type, but from a different source, could be used. However, this can result in a change in taste that is not accepted by the smoker.

Another type of tobacco could be used. This route is unacceptable because it can be more difficult or expensive to purchase such a tobacco and it could have an undesirable taste or other undesirable properties.

A larger diameter cigarette could be used, however any departure from current practices would create problems in the finished product's craft.

The moisture content of the tobacco could be increased, but this has an adverse effect on the storage time of the tobacco in that the tobacco is likely to dry up to its normal level, preventing the increase in the number of puffs. Furthermore, improperly high levels of moisture can cause the formation of unacceptable taste or rot.

s

10th

15

20th

25th

30th

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

3rd

624 558

Additives could be added to tobacco. However, there are technical difficulties associated with this, such an approach is expensive and could lead to difficulties in terms of customs and tax regulations. Furthermore, the increase in the number of trains is not sufficient to compensate for the reduction in the number of trains which is caused by a filler with a reduced internal density.

It is an object of the invention to remedy the disadvantages mentioned and to completely or at least partially eliminate the decrease in the number of trains by means of a method which does not result in the disadvantages mentioned above.

According to the invention, the tobacco product is characterized by a mixture consisting of a filler with at least 2.73% by weight of nicotine and a portion of expanded tobacco and means for aerating the tobacco product, such that the ratio of the release of particulate matter of the smoke to the release of nicotine Smoke is reduced and the number of puffs of the smoking article is not significantly reduced in comparison with a non-ventilated smoking article that does not contain expanded tobacco.

The means for introducing ambient air can have perforations and / or an area of high porosity in the casing of the cigarette, cigar or cigarillo or can have perforations in the filter part.

This makes it possible to ventilate cigarettes, cigarillos or cigars which have filler of lower density and higher packing density in order to fully or partially compensate for the reduction in the number of puffs caused by the influence of such substances.

The lower density filler can be part or all of the filler, it can be associated with a component of the filler, for example the tobacco leaf stem, the threshed leaf strips, the cut leaves, waste pieces or chips.

The low density filler can be formed by any blowing method so that the total volume of the substance can be increased. Known methods are impregnation of the material with special liquids, solutions or gases and a subsequent treatment by means of heat or microwave energy, which can be used alone or together with the use of changes in air pressure in order to thereby inflate the material.

Impregnation of the substance with a special liquid is described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 3,524,451 and 3,524,452. A special method for producing low density filler from the natural product is freeze drying. Packing density improvements of 46-63% have been achieved with cut tobacco leaves and comparative improvements have been achieved using this process on thermally dried cut, rolled tobacco leaf stems. Improvements have been made in cigar fillers including such individual grades and blends of threshed tobacco leaves.

The subject matter of the invention is explained in more detail below, for example.

In order to demonstrate the reduction in the number of puffs caused by the use of low density fillers, four 71mm-long, standard grade B cigarettes were made using conventional, thermally dried tobacco tobacco filler, but with increasing percentages of freeze-dried, cut tobacco leaves with an improved packing density of 48/49%. A “standard quality class B” cigarette is defined as a cigarette that is 71 mm long and 25 mm in circumference. The cigarettes were weighed using a

Multi-nozzle smoke machine with 20 nozzles of the "Cigarette Components Limited" Filtrona 300 I "model with a measurement of a 2-second 35 ml pull per minute" unlimited ", which was carried out independently of each channel. “Unlimited” means that during the smoke test, the non-burning ends of the cigarettes between the individual trains are not exposed to the atmosphere. "Filtrona" is a protected trade name. Further details of the method of smoking cigarettes using a smoking machine are set out in Test Report No. 11 (second edition) “Standard methods for the analysis of tobacco smoke” published by the Tobacco Research Council, London 1974.

The number of puffs required to smoke each individual cigarette up to a stub section of standardized length is shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1

Freeze Dried Average Weight Trains / Zi

sliced leaves of cigarette garette in the mixture

(%) (mg)

0 (calibration) 819 11.0

20 702 9.4

50 600 8.2

100 485 6.3

It can be seen that, while a conventional filler is used to perform 11 puffs per cigarette, a filler consisting entirely of a lower density, higher pack density, only 6.3 puffs are necessary.

The ventilation of the cigarettes can be achieved by using papers that have a high intrinsic porosity or by means of a paper that has randomly distributed or patterned perforations, or by using perforated or permeable mouthpiece materials and filter parts, by means of which ambient air enters the smoke stream is introduced.

The use of fillers which have a high porosity of their own can increase the burning rate by allowing a free draft of air through the casing during the burning or non-train phases of smoking.

These fabrics are therefore less useful for achieving the object of the invention, but need not be excluded because they can also be perforated to achieve a higher degree of porosity.

Aeration of the filler by means of perforation can be carried out before or after the manufacture of the smoking article. Cigarette papers are perforated before the cigarette is made, while cigars are perforated after the topsheet and wrapper material is attached.

To demonstrate the increase in the number of puffs resulting from the use of perforated cigarette paper, four Class B cigarettes, 71 mm long, were made using the same paper and the same thermally dried tobacco filler, and the paper wrappers were made into different sizes perforated to achieve different ventilation. The cigarettes were smoked using the smoking machine described above and the number of puffs required to smoke the cigarette was recorded. The results are recorded in Table 2.

5

10th

15

20th

25th

30th

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

624 558

Table 2

4th

Table 3

Permeability of the number of trains increase in the number of dilution in the number of trains increase in the number

Papers mls / min / cm2 moves from calibration value mouthpiece% moves above calibration value

Water column in% in%

0.9 (calibration) 10.2 - 0 11.1

6.7 10.9 7 37 12.1 9

17.7 11.6 14 50 12.8 15

22.9 11.9 17 ln 62 13.2 19

To represent the increase in the number of puffs resulting from the use of ventilated cigarette filters, four 84 mm long class B filter cigarettes were made which contained a conventional thermally dried tobacco blend. Each had an acetate filter body with a filter covering «Malauçene No. 3 ». The cigarettes were perforated to different extents at the filter area to achieve a different dilution with air at the filter, and the cigarettes were smoked using the smoking machine described above to determine the number of puffs that were necessary to smoke them. The results are recorded in Table 3.

To demonstrate the increase in the number of puffs achieved by perforating the cigarette wrapper and wrapper material after connecting them to the cigar, four samples of three sizes of cigars were manually perforated using blocks using 0 diameter needles. Have 25 mm to make different perforations, which range from zero perforations (calibration) to 40 perforations. The cigars were smoked on the aforementioned smoking machine to determine the number of puffs required to use each cigar. The results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4

Small cigar number increase

Trains above gauge in%

medium cigar number increase

Trains above gauge in%

big cigar number increase

Trains above gauge in%

0 holes

(Verification) 6 holes 20 holes 40 holes

10.3 10.9 11.6 12.6

6 13 22

23.5 24.9 27.4 29.3

6 17 25

39.1 39.1 42.4 42.9

10th

Consequently, Table 1 shows that increasing amounts of lower density, higher packing density fillers reduce the number of puffs required to smoke the cigarettes, increasing the permeability of the cigarette paper (Table 2) or increasing the ventilation a cigarette filter (Table 3)

or an increase in the perforations of the cigar casing (Table 4) cause the number of puffs required to smoke the smoking article to be increased.

In order to demonstrate how ventilation can be used to fully or partially compensate for the number of puffs required to smoke cigarettes that have a bulky, low-density filler, a number of “king size” cigarettes ( Length 84 mm, circumference 25 mm), which contain different dimensions of ventilation and different proportions of expanded, thermally dried tobacco filler, which was expanded by evaporation of an impregnating liquid, produced, weighed and 45 smoked by means of the above-mentioned smoking machine. The number of puffs required to smoke the cigarette up to a normal stub length are recorded in Table 5.

Table 5

Bloated, * average cigarette number of cut leaves, ventilating weight puffs in the mixture of the cigarette

(%)

0

VQ

1148

12.8

5

V0

1109

12.2

Vr

13.3

10th

V0

1096

12.3

v2

14.1

V3

14.6

20th

V0

1046

11.5

V4

15.7

100

V0

782

8.5

Vi

9.2

V2

10.1

V3

10.4

5

624 558

Cigarette paper air through air dilution

casualness ml / min /

cm2 / cra h2o of the main air flow in% of 35 ml puffs

Cigarette filter Air dilution - Air dilution of the main air flow in% of 35 ml puffs The main air flow in% of 35 ml puffs

* v0

1.1

5

1

6

Vi

8.8

29

1

30th

V2

19.0

43

1

44

V3

1.1

5

37

42

V4

8.8

29

37

66

It can be seen that from a value of 12.8 puffs per cigarette with normal (non-bloated) tobacco filler and a ventilation value V0, only 8.5 puffs were necessary to use up the cigarette, which contained a filler that was made exclusively from blown tobacco existed, with a ventilation of V0 was available. The reduction in the number of puffs for smoking the cigarette is proportionately less for mixtures which contain only 20 parts of expanded tobacco.

By changing the ventilation of the cigarette paper and the filter (Vi to V4) it can be seen that this decrease in the number of puffs per cigarette can be compensated for completely or at least partially.

To demonstrate how the combination of blown tobacco high nicotine and aerated cigarette paper keeps the number of puffs of smoking the cigarette at an acceptable level that lowers the tar: nicotine ratio, class B cigarettes were made using different ventilation levels and various proportions of expanded, thermally dried tobacco were used, which were smoked to a standardized stub length on the aforementioned smoking machine and the smoke was analyzed for particles (PM, ie tar) and nicotine. The results are shown in Table 6.

Table 6

Bloated, cut leaves in mixture (%)

* Cigarette ventilation medium cigarette weight (mg)

Nicotine content of the filler (%)

Number of moves

Rauch PM (wnf) Levy (mg / ctte)

Nicotine delivery (mg / ctte)

PM (wnf) ratio

0

V0

1148

2.47

12.4

19.0

1.72

11.0

20th

v2

1046

2.73

12.9

15.0

1.62

9.2

50

v2

922

3.25

11.6

14.6

1.71

8.6

100

v2

782

4.03

10.1

14.5

1.82

7.9

Cigarette paper

Air permeability ml / min / cm2 / cm H20

Dilution of the main airflow% of 35 ml puffs

* V0 V2

1.1

19.0

5 43

"Wnf" means "no water and nicotine".

Of course, further ventilation is possible, which results in an even more complete compensation of the number of puffs per cigarette and a 50 smaller tar delivery. Therefore it is possible

that a combination of blown tobacco filler with a high nicotine content and ventilated cigarette tubes or filters to produce cigarettes with a low tar release that have a higher nicotine release than was previously available, 55 without the disadvantages of aerated cigarettes, the usual tobacco products with a high nicotine content or unventilated cigarettes, that contain expanded tobacco must be accepted.

Another advantage of the combination of blown tobacco and aerated cigarette paper is that the release of carbon monoxide in the smoke can be reduced more than is possible when using aerated cigarettes that have normal tobacco or non-aerated cigarettes that are blown tobacco exhibit. 6s

To prove this, "King Size" cigarettes were produced, which had different proportions of expanded, cut leaves in the filler and had different degrees of ventilation. These cigarettes were smoked "unlimited" to a normal stub length using an eight-nozzle "Cigarette Components Limited 301" smoking machine and the proportion of carbon monoxide in the smoke was measured. The results are shown in Table 7.

Table 7

Bloated,

♦ Medium ventilation

number

Royalty cut the

Weight

Trains from Koh

leaves

Cigarette the

lenmonoxide in the

Cigarette

in the smoke

mixture

(mg)

(mg / ctte)

(%)

0

V0

1148

12.4

19.4

v2

14.6

14.9

20th

V0

1046

11.8

17.4

V2

12.9

12.9

100

V0

782

8.4

11.9

V2

10.1

10.00

624 558

6

Cigarette paper

Air permeability Dilution of the ml / min / cm2 / cm H20 main air flow

% of 35 ml puffs

* V0 1.1 • 5

V2 19.0 43

It can be seen from the values in Table 7 that a noticeable reduction in the emission of carbon monoxide can be obtained without a noticeable change in the number of puffs per cigarette being necessary.

Although this description deals with cigarettes and cigars, the invention can also be used with cigarillos and other similar tobacco products.

By ventilating cigarettes, cigars or cigarillos to increase the amount of ambient air in the smoke stream or upon reaching the smoker's mouth, it is possible to fully or partially offset the reduction in the number of puffs required to smoke the product, reduce the amount of carbon monoxide in the smoke and produce a smoking article that uses expanded tobacco and shows a low tar-nicotine ratio without reducing the number of puffs.

s

Claims (7)

624 558 1. Elongated tobacco product, characterized by a mixture consisting of a filler with at least 2.73% by weight of nicotine and a proportion of expanded tobacco and by means of aerating the tobacco product such that the ratio of the particulate matter of the smoke to the delivery of nicotine of smoke is reduced and the number of puffs of the smoking article is not significantly reduced in comparison with a non-ventilated smoking article which does not contain expanded tobacco. 2. Smoking article according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of expanded tobacco contains at least 20 wt .-% of the total filler. 2nd PATENT CLAIMS 3. Smoking article according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the air permeability of the ventilation means is at least 19.0 ml / min / cm2 / cm H20. 4. Smoking article according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the ventilation means have perforations in the filter part. 5. Smoking article according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the ventilation means are formed by an area with perforations and / or an area of high porosity in the outer casing of the smoking article. 6. smoking article according to claim 5, characterized in that the outer casing paper and the smoking article is a cigarette. 7. Smoking article according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the expanded tobacco is selected from the group tobacco leaf stem, threshed leaf strips, cut leaves, waste pieces and schnitzel.