EP2804497B1 - Paper filled with tobacco particles - Google Patents
Paper filled with tobacco particles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2804497B1 EP2804497B1 EP13700257.2A EP13700257A EP2804497B1 EP 2804497 B1 EP2804497 B1 EP 2804497B1 EP 13700257 A EP13700257 A EP 13700257A EP 2804497 B1 EP2804497 B1 EP 2804497B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- weight
- tobacco
- cigarette
- share
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims description 67
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 67
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical class CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical class [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011082 potassium citrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960002635 potassium citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical class OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004310 lactic acid Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001630 malic acid Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical class COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical class [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015424 sodium Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229960004109 potassium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229940086066 potassium hydrogencarbonate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229940083542 sodium Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229960004249 sodium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 23
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 7
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 6
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000198134 Agave sisalana Species 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000166124 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000731 Fagus sylvatica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010099 Fagus sylvatica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZDPALFHDPFYJDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].OC=O Chemical compound [Na].OC=O ZDPALFHDPFYJDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004941 influx Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011091 sodium acetates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/16—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of tobacco substitutes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/12—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of reconstituted tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/14—Forming reconstituted tobacco products, e.g. wrapper materials, sheets, imitation leaves, rods, cakes; Forms of such products
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of smoking articles.
- it relates to means for reducing harmful ingredients in the smoke of such a smoking article as tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide.
- a typical cigarette consists of a tobacco rod, which is wrapped by a cigarette paper and usually has a cylindrical shape.
- a filter which is usually made of cellulose acetate and wrapped with a filter paper wrapper.
- segmented filters These have one or more segments in which various substances, such as activated carbon or paper filters, are located.
- the filter and the cigarette paper-wrapped tobacco rod are joined together by the tipping paper, also called tipping paper. Further, it is known to perforate the tipping paper so as to dilute the smoke flowing through the filter.
- the smoking levels of a cigarette can be determined by a method according to ISO 4387.
- the cigarette is lit on the first move and then every minute a train with a tensile duration of 2 seconds and a volume of 35 cm 3 is performed with sinusoidal tensile profile. This is repeated until the cigarette falls below a predetermined length in the standard.
- the smoke passing from the mouth end of the cigarette is collected in a Cambridge Filter Pad , which is then analyzed to determine the amount of tar and nicotine and, if necessary, the content of various other substances.
- the non-resorbed gaseous ingredients in the filter are passed on and also analyzed, for example, to determine the content of CO.
- the tobacco rod of a cigarette is wrapped with a cigarette paper, which consists at least partially of pulp fibers, such as wood pulp fibers or fibers of flax, hemp or sisal.
- the wood pulp fibers used for papermaking are usually distinguished into long and short fibers, with long fibers typically being pulp fibers of softwoods, such as spruce or pine, with a length of more than 2 mm, while the short fibers are usually of hardwoods, such as birch, beech or eucalyptus, and typically have a length of less than 2mm, often about 1mm.
- the pulp fibers typically make up about 60 to 100% by weight of the finished paper.
- the cigarette paper may also contain fillers, principally lime, but other inorganic fillers such as titanium dioxide, calcium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and talc are also possible fillers.
- the mass fraction of the inorganic fillers is typically up to 40 wt .-% of the finished paper.
- the cigarette paper can still contain substances that control the burning behavior of a cigarette.
- substances that control the burning behavior of a cigarette examples are sodium and potassium citrates, sodium and potassium bicarbonates, ammonium, sodium and potassium acetates, and sodium and potassium salts of formic acid, malic acid, lactic acid, ammonium, sodium and potassium phosphates, which in a mass fraction of up to 5 wt. -% to be added.
- the addition of flavors is still possible to taste with this one To influence cigarette paper manufactured cigarette, or to flavor the sidestream smoke.
- a measurement of the CO 2 diffusivity can be carried out, for example, by means of a diffusion measuring device from Borgwaldt KC ( Diffusivity Tester ) or Sodim (CO 2 Diffusivity Meter) .
- a measurement of the diffusivity can take place under standard conditions according to ISO 187.
- the cigarette paper may also be previously exposed to an elevated temperature to simulate thermal stress.
- a possible procedure is to expose the cigarette paper for 30 minutes at a temperature of 230 ° C in the presence of air. This can be done in a conventional drying oven. Since the change in the diffusivity of the cigarette paper is irreversible due to the heating process, the cigarette paper can be conditioned after heating according to the standard conditions according to ISO 187, before the measurement of the diffusivity is carried out. In the present disclosure, all data on the diffusivity values are obtained by this method, ie after heating to 230 ° C for 30 minutes and subsequent conditioning according to ISO 187.
- Ventilation results in greater dilution of the mainstream smoke and thus lower levels of smoke.
- the ventilation of a cigarette can be adjusted for example via a perforation on the tipping paper or on the air permeability of the cigarette paper.
- Another way of influencing the exhaustion values is the filtration of the mainstream smoke.
- This can be done, for example, by a filter made of cellulose acetate or by segmented filters.
- the latter have, in addition to one or more segments of cellulose acetate, also chambers associated with certain substances, such as activated carbon or Paper filters are filled. These cause additional filtration of the smoke and thus lead to a reduction of the smoke values, and occasionally to a selective reduction of certain smoke ingredients.
- Another way to reduce the levels of smoke is to replace some of the tobacco with other material that may be partially non-combustible, resulting in fewer harmful substances overall.
- Such a material is in KG McAdam et al., The use of a novel tobacco substitute-sheet and smoke dilution to reduce toxicant yields in cigarette smoke, Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 49, Issue 8, 1684-1696 (2011 ) . It is a material that consists mainly of lime and glycerin and sodium alginate.
- a paper for incorporation in the smokable material according to the preamble of claim 1 is made US 2006/0021626 known. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide means by which harmful levels of smoke in a smoking article can be reduced while at the same time having the least possible effect on the smoker's taste.
- the paper according to the invention is intended for incorporation into the smokable material of a smoking article, for example in the tobacco rod of a cigarette. It contains a fiber content that contains pulp fibers and tobacco particles.
- the tobacco particles can form 2 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 5 to 15 wt .-% and particularly preferably 5 to 10 wt .-% of the fiber content.
- the inventor has found that the levels of smoking can be significantly reduced when paper containing such tobacco particles is added to the actual tobacco, i. H. this paper replaces part of the tobacco normally present. At the same time, the taste for the smoker is only slightly influenced by the addition of such paper. In this way, a very advantageous compromise results from reducing the smoking value on the one hand and maintaining the character of the cigarette, in particular their taste, on the other hand.
- the admixture of the paper according to the invention into the tobacco rod can reduce the exhaustion values to a far greater extent than would have been expected by the person skilled in the art. It is clear that the levels of smoking are reduced as the tobacco is replaced by other, especially nonflammable, paper components. The reduction of the exhaustion values, however, goes far beyond this predictable effect. Instead, the paper according to the invention can be used to produce an additional filtering effect, which contributes to the reduction of the exhaustion values.
- the tobacco particles have an average size of less than 1 mm, preferably a mean size of 0.05 .mu.m to 200 .mu.m.
- the "size" of a tobacco particle refers to the size of the tobacco particle as determined by Sedigraph.
- These tobacco particles may be a waste product of tobacco processing, such as tobacco dust. However, it is also possible to use normal cut tobacco, which has been minced by suitable methods.
- the paper according to the invention preferably corresponds in its construction substantially to a conventional cigarette paper and, like this, contains pulp fibers, such as wood pulp fibers or pulp fibers from other plants, such as e.g. As flax, hemp or sisal.
- the pulp fibers comprise long fibers, short fibers or a mixture of long and short fibers.
- "long fibers” are fibers having a length of more than 2 mm and “short fibers” being fibers having a length of less than 2 mm, typically about 1 mm.
- long fibers result in an increase in tensile strength, while a higher proportion of short fibers gives the paper a looser, more porous structure.
- the tobacco particles are more suitable for replacing short fibers than long fibers.
- the proportion of long and short fibers in the paper according to the invention can be varied within wide ranges.
- the proportion of long fibers is more than 60 wt .-%, preferably more than 80 wt .-% and particularly preferably more than 90 wt .-% of the fiber content of the paper.
- the proportion of short fibers less than 20 wt .-%, more preferably less than 10 wt .-% of the fiber content of the paper.
- the short fibers in this case should be ground in a manner known per se in the art.
- the filtration effect is influenced by the specific pore structure of the paper according to the invention, which can be characterized by the diffusivity.
- the paper is designed to have a diffusivity of from 0.01 cm / s to 2.0 cm / s, preferably from 0.015 cm / s to 1.0 after heating to 230 ° C for 30 minutes cm / s and particularly preferably from 0.16 cm / s to 0.75 cm / s, measured at standard conditions according to ISO 187.
- the pre-measurement carried out thermal load, ie heating to 230 ° C for 30 min, the thermal stress in the tobacco rod during smoldering or smoking. In this way, at least approximately the diffusivity of the paper can be determined under the conditions relevant in practice.
- the paper has a thickness of 20 .mu.m to 100 .mu.m, preferably from 40 .mu.m to 90 .mu.m.
- a preferred basis weight is 20 g / m 2 to 80 g / m 2 , preferably 30 g / m 2 to 70 g / m 2 .
- Such thicknesses and basis weights have been found in experiments to be suitable for the purpose of the invention to reduce smoking fume levels.
- Another practical advantage is that paper of this strength can be produced well on conventional machines for the production of ordinary cigarette paper, as used for example for wrapping a tobacco rod.
- the paper contains a filler which constitutes up to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 40% by weight, particularly preferably 20 to 35% by weight of the paper.
- a suitable filler is, for example, lime, in particular precipitated lime, which has a higher chemical purity than lime from geological degradation.
- other inorganic fillers are suitable besides lime, for example titanium dioxide, calcium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide or talc, which can be used individually or in mixtures.
- a filler content above 50% by weight has proved less suitable because of the lower strength of the paper and the tendency of the paper to dust.
- the fire broth may include one or more of the following: sodium citrate, potassium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium acetate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, formic acid sodium or potassium salts, malic acid or lactic acid, ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate or potassium phosphate.
- the Brandsalz forms up to 5 wt .-%, particularly preferably up to 3 wt .-% of the total paper pulp.
- the burn salts can either be applied directly to the paper machine by means of a glue or film press or afterwards in a separate device on the paper.
- the paper according to the invention is intended to replace part of the tobacco in the tobacco rod of the cigarette, its visual appearance also plays a role. Therefore, additional dyes may be added to the paper of the invention to match the color of the paper to that of the tobacco.
- additional dyes may be added to the paper of the invention to match the color of the paper to that of the tobacco.
- One possibility is iron oxide particles, but other inorganic or organic dyes or pigments may be used.
- it will be limited to a proportion of up to 10% by weight of the paper pulp.
- an aqueous tobacco extract can also be applied to the paper.
- This extract can be prepared by mixing tobacco with an appropriate amount of water and filtering off the mixture after a storage period of, for example, 24 hours at room temperature or elevated temperature.
- the tobacco extract may be diluted or concentrated before it is applied to the cigarette paper.
- the application of this extract can be done in the size or film press or on a separate device. Also an order together with the Brandsalzen is possible.
- the remaining after removal of the water solids content of the extract preferably makes up to 5 wt .-% of the paper mass, particularly preferably 2 to 4 wt .-%.
- the paper may be treated with flavors that are easily introduced into the smokable material of the smoking article in this way.
- flavorings or humectants known from tobacco processing can be applied to the paper according to the invention, the sum of these substances preferably up to 3% by weight of the paper pulp, particularly preferably up to 2 Wt .-% of the pulp.
- Other additives as are customary in the production of cigarette papers, for example starch, alginates, wet strength agents, retention aids or other auxiliaries of the Paper production can be contained in the paper, the proportion of these substances in total being preferably less than 2% by weight of the paper pulp, particularly preferably less than 1% by weight.
- the paper according to the invention can be produced on conventional paper machines, preferably wire-screening machines.
- a fiber-filler suspension which is applied from the headbox to the wire of the paper machine, first by dewatering by vacuum and gravity, in the press section by mechanical pressure and finally in the dryer section by heat, so that at the end of the paper machine, the paper can be rolled up.
- the tobacco particles are treated in the manufacturing process preferably as the short fibers in the manufacturing process conventional cigarette paper and are therefore preferably used unground.
- the paper of the invention In order for the paper of the invention to be processed on conventional cigarette machines, such as tobacco, it must be cut into pieces of suitable size.
- the size of these pieces is based on the cutting size of the tobacco, the length of 0.1 mm to 10 mm, preferably 0.3 mm to 8 mm, more preferably 0.4 mm to 6 mm and the width of 0.1 mm to 2 mm, preferably 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm, particularly preferably 0.4 mm to 1 mm.
- the invention also relates to a smoking article whose smokable material, in particular tobacco rod, paper is admixed according to one of the abovementioned embodiments.
- the paper according to the invention replaces a part of the usually present smokable material of the smoking article.
- the reduction of the values of smoke is relatively strong, so that one may already expect a significant effect when replacing 2% of the mass of smokable material by the paper according to the invention. It is not advisable to replace more than 50% of the mass of smokable material with the paper according to the invention, because then the taste of the cigarette is excessively impaired. Preferably, one will choose a range of 10 to 30% by weight of the mass of smokable material.
- the paper was comminuted, before blending with the tobacco, to pieces 0.4 mm to 1.0 mm wide and 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm long.
- Cigarettes were made using paper patterns 2-8.
- the cigarettes had a length of 84 mm, a diameter of about 8 mm and a filter plug of cellulose acetate with a length of 16 mm, which was connected by a Tippingpapier with a length of 26 mm with the tobacco rod.
- the cigarette paper further contained 2% by weight of citrates as brand salts.
- the tobacco used was a commercial American Blend brand BATTON. Each cigarette contained a total fill of about 800 mg. This was composed of 80 wt .-% tobacco and 20 wt .-% of the shredded paper according to the invention, so that each cigarette contained about 640 mg of tobacco and about 160 mg of the paper according to the invention.
- the reference cigarette used was a cigarette with the above technical data but with about 800 mg of tobacco without the paper according to the invention.
- test paper 8 was made without the use of long fibers and also causes a significant reduction of Abrauchhong, wherein for this paper, the short fibers were ground to obtain sufficient mechanical strength, while they were used unground in the other test papers. However, based on a higher mechanical strength of the paper value, it is preferable to choose a sufficient proportion of long fibers.
- the measurements show that the proportion of lime in the paper samples has a considerable influence on the reduction of the exhaustion values. On the one hand, this is due to the fact that lime is not flammable and thus hardly contributes to the levels of consumption, and partly because it influences the diffusivity of the paper according to the invention.
- the values of 40% by weight of Paper pulp in samples 2-6 and 0% of pulp in sample 7 show the extreme values. In many practical embodiments of the invention, the lime content will move in a middle range of this interval.
- test paper 8 shows a considerably higher diffusivity, but this test paper is not comparable in all respects because of the grinding of the short fibers with the test papers 2-7.
- burn salts in the paper speeds up the glow of the cigarette and thus reduces the number of strokes.
- the paper samples 2, 4 and 5, which all contain about 2% by weight of potassium citrate as fire salt it was possible to achieve a reduction in the number of strokes by about 10%, which contributes approximately in the same ratio to a reduction in the values of smoke.
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- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft das Gebiet der Rauchartikel. Insbesondere betrifft sie Mittel zur Reduktion von schädlichen Inhaltsstoffen im Rauch eines solchen Rauchartikels wie Teer, Nikotin und Kohlenmonoxid.The present invention relates to the field of smoking articles. In particular, it relates to means for reducing harmful ingredients in the smoke of such a smoking article as tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide.
Ein wichtiger Trend in der Zigarettenindustrie ist die Entwicklung von Zigaretten mit niedrigen Abrauchwerten, um die gesundheitsschädlichen Einflüsse des Tabakrauchs zu reduzieren. Dies wird vor allem von gesetzlichen Vorgaben getrieben, da in vielen Ländern Obergrenzen für die Inhaltsstoffe des Rauchs, wie Teer, Nikotin oder Kohlenmonoxid, gelten. Beispielsweise dürfen in der Europäischen Union keine Zigaretten verkauft oder hergestellt werden, die in einem genormten Test mehr als 10 mg Teer, 1 mg Nikotin oder 10 mg Kohlenmonoxid liefern. Ähnliche Gesetze gibt es auch in anderen Ländern.An important trend in the cigarette industry is the development of low smoke cigarettes to reduce the harmful effects of tobacco smoke. This is mainly driven by legal requirements, as in many countries, upper limits for the ingredients of the smoke, such as tar, nicotine or carbon monoxide, apply. For example, in the European Union, it is not allowed to sell or manufacture cigarettes that yield more than 10 mg tar, 1 mg nicotine or 10 mg carbon monoxide in a standardized test. Similar laws exist in other countries.
Eine typische Zigarette besteht aus einem Tabakstrang, der von einem Zigarettenpapier umhüllt wird und meist eine zylindrische Form aufweist. Zusätzlich befindet sich an einem Ende ein Filter, der meist aus Zelluloseacetat besteht und mit einem Filterhüllpapier umwickelt ist. Zusätzlich zu reinen Zelluloseacetatfiltern besteht auch die Möglichkeit segmentierte Filter einzusetzen. Diese besitzen ein oder mehrere Segmente, in denen sich verschiedene Stoffe, wie zum Beispiel Aktivkohle oder Papierfilter, befinden. Der Filter und der mit Zigarettenpapier umhüllte Tabakstrang werden durch das Mundstückbelagpapier, auch Tippingpapier genannt, miteinander verbunden. Ferner ist es bekannt, das Mundstückbelagpapier zu perforieren, um so den Rauch, der durch den Filter strömt, zu verdünnen.A typical cigarette consists of a tobacco rod, which is wrapped by a cigarette paper and usually has a cylindrical shape. In addition, at one end there is a filter, which is usually made of cellulose acetate and wrapped with a filter paper wrapper. In addition to pure cellulose acetate filters, it is also possible to use segmented filters. These have one or more segments in which various substances, such as activated carbon or paper filters, are located. The filter and the cigarette paper-wrapped tobacco rod are joined together by the tipping paper, also called tipping paper. Further, it is known to perforate the tipping paper so as to dilute the smoke flowing through the filter.
Die Abrauchwerte einer Zigarette können mittels eines Verfahrens nach ISO 4387 bestimmt werden. Dabei wird die Zigarette beim ersten Zug angezündet und danach jede Minute ein Zug mit einer Zugdauer von 2 Sekunden und einem Volumen von 35 cm3 bei sinusförmigem Zugprofil durchgeführt. Dies wird so lange wiederholt, bis die Zigarette eine in der Norm vorgegebene Länge unterschreitet. Der aus dem Mundende der Zigarette tretende Rauch wird in einem Cambridge Filter Pad gesammelt, das anschließend analysiert wird, um die Menge an Teer und Nikotin sowie bei Bedarf den Gehalt an verschiedenen anderen Substanzen zu bestimmen. Die im Filter nicht resorbierten gasförmigen Inhaltsstoffe werden weitergeleitet und ebenfalls analysiert, um zum Beispiel den Gehalt an CO festzustellen.The smoking levels of a cigarette can be determined by a method according to ISO 4387. The cigarette is lit on the first move and then every minute a train with a tensile duration of 2 seconds and a volume of 35 cm 3 is performed with sinusoidal tensile profile. This is repeated until the cigarette falls below a predetermined length in the standard. The smoke passing from the mouth end of the cigarette is collected in a Cambridge Filter Pad , which is then analyzed to determine the amount of tar and nicotine and, if necessary, the content of various other substances. The non-resorbed gaseous ingredients in the filter are passed on and also analyzed, for example, to determine the content of CO.
Der Tabakstrang einer Zigarette wird mit einem Zigarettenpapier umhüllt, das zumindest teilweise aus Zellstofffasern, wie beispielsweise Holzzellstofffasern oder Fasern aus Flachs, Hanf oder Sisal besteht.The tobacco rod of a cigarette is wrapped with a cigarette paper, which consists at least partially of pulp fibers, such as wood pulp fibers or fibers of flax, hemp or sisal.
Die für die Papierherstellung verwendeten Holzzellstofffasern werden üblicherweise in Lang- und Kurzfasern unterschieden, wobei es sich bei Langfasern typischerweise um Zellstofffasern aus Nadelhölzern, wie Fichte oder Kiefer, mit einer Länge von mehr als 2 mm handelt, während die Kurzfasern in der Regel von Laubhölzern, wie Birke, Buche oder Eukalyptus, stammen und typischerweise eine Länge von weniger als 2 mm, häufig von etwa 1 mm aufweisen.The wood pulp fibers used for papermaking are usually distinguished into long and short fibers, with long fibers typically being pulp fibers of softwoods, such as spruce or pine, with a length of more than 2 mm, while the short fibers are usually of hardwoods, such as birch, beech or eucalyptus, and typically have a length of less than 2mm, often about 1mm.
Die Zellstofffasern machen typischerweise etwa 60 bis 100 Gew.-% des fertigen Papiers aus. Das Zigarettenpapier kann auch Füllmaterialien enthalten, wobei hauptsächlich Kalk zum Einsatz kommt, aber auch andere anorganische Füllstoffe wie zum Beispiel Titandioxid, Calciumsulfat, Magnesiumcarbonat, Magnesiumoxid, Magnesiumhydroxid, Aluminiumhydroxid, und Talk sind mögliche Füllmaterialien. Der Massenanteil der anorganischen Füllstoffe beträgt typischerweise bis zu 40 Gew.-% des fertigen Papiers.The pulp fibers typically make up about 60 to 100% by weight of the finished paper. The cigarette paper may also contain fillers, principally lime, but other inorganic fillers such as titanium dioxide, calcium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and talc are also possible fillers. The mass fraction of the inorganic fillers is typically up to 40 wt .-% of the finished paper.
Des Weiteren kann das Zigarettenpapier noch Substanzen enthalten, die das Abbrandverhalten einer Zigarette steuern. Beispiele sind Natrium- und Kaliumzitrate, Natrium- und Kaliumhydrogencarbonate, Ammonium-, Natrium- und Kaliumacetate, sowie Natrium- und Kaliumsalze der Ameisensäure, Apfelsäure, Milchsäure, Ammonium-, Natrium- und Kaliumphosphate, die in einem Massenanteil von bis zu 5 Gew.-% hinzugefügt werden. Zusätzlich ist noch die Zugabe von Aromastoffen möglich, um den Geschmack einer mit diesem Zigarettenpapier gefertigten Zigarette zu beeinflussen, oder den Nebenstromrauch zu aromatisieren.Furthermore, the cigarette paper can still contain substances that control the burning behavior of a cigarette. Examples are sodium and potassium citrates, sodium and potassium bicarbonates, ammonium, sodium and potassium acetates, and sodium and potassium salts of formic acid, malic acid, lactic acid, ammonium, sodium and potassium phosphates, which in a mass fraction of up to 5 wt. -% to be added. In addition, the addition of flavors is still possible to taste with this one To influence cigarette paper manufactured cigarette, or to flavor the sidestream smoke.
Eine wichtige Kenngröße eines Zigarettenpapiers ist seine Diffusivität. Die Diffusivität ist ein Maß für den durch einen Konzentrationsunterschied verursachten Gasstrom durch das Zigarettenpapier. Sie bezeichnet daher das durch das Papier pro Zeiteinheit, pro Flächeneinheit und pro Konzentrationsdifferenz tretende Gasvolumen und hat somit die Einheit cm3/(cm2 s) = cm/s. Eine Messung der CO2-Diffusivität kann zum Beispiel mittels eines Diffusionsmessgeräts der Firmen Borgwaldt KC (Diffusivity Tester) oder Sodim (CO2 Diffusivity Meter) erfolgen.An important characteristic of a cigarette paper is its diffusivity. The diffusivity is a measure of the gas flow caused by a concentration difference through the cigarette paper. It therefore designates the gas volume passing through the paper per unit time, per unit area and per concentration difference and thus has the unit cm 3 / (cm 2 s) = cm / s. A measurement of the CO 2 diffusivity can be carried out, for example, by means of a diffusion measuring device from Borgwaldt KC ( Diffusivity Tester ) or Sodim (CO 2 Diffusivity Meter) .
Eine Messung der Diffusivität kann bei Normbedingungen nach ISO 187 stattfinden. Zusätzlich kann das Zigarettenpapier aber auch zuvor einer erhöhten Temperatur ausgesetzt werden, um eine thermische Beanspruchung zu simulieren. Eine mögliche Vorgangsweise besteht darin, das Zigarettenpapier für 30 Minuten einer Temperatur von 230°C unter Anwesenheit von Luft auszusetzen. Dies kann in einem herkömmlichen Trockenschrank geschehen. Da die Änderung der Diffusivität des Zigarettenpapiers durch den Aufheizprozess irreversibel ist, kann das Zigarettenpapier nach dem Aufheizen gemäß den Normbedingungen nach ISO 187 konditioniert werden, bevor die Messung der Diffusivität durchgeführt wird. In der vorliegenden Offenbarung sind alle Angaben zur Diffusivität Werte, die nach diesem Verfahren, also nach einem Aufheizen auf 230°C für 30 Minuten und nachfolgender Konditionierung nach ISO 187 erhalten wurden.A measurement of the diffusivity can take place under standard conditions according to ISO 187. In addition, however, the cigarette paper may also be previously exposed to an elevated temperature to simulate thermal stress. A possible procedure is to expose the cigarette paper for 30 minutes at a temperature of 230 ° C in the presence of air. This can be done in a conventional drying oven. Since the change in the diffusivity of the cigarette paper is irreversible due to the heating process, the cigarette paper can be conditioned after heating according to the standard conditions according to ISO 187, before the measurement of the diffusivity is carried out. In the present disclosure, all data on the diffusivity values are obtained by this method, ie after heating to 230 ° C for 30 minutes and subsequent conditioning according to ISO 187.
Um die Menge an gesundheitsschädlichen Substanzen im Rauch einer Zigarette zu verringern, sind mehrere Ansätze im Stand der Technik bekannt. Eine Möglichkeit besteht darin, den durch die Zigarette strömenden Rauch durch einen Zustrom an Luft zu verdünnen. Dies bezeichnet man als Ventilation. Eine erhöhte Ventilation führt zu einer stärkeren Verdünnung des Hauptstromrauchs und somit zu niedrigeren Abrauchwerten. Die Ventilation einer Zigarette kann beispielsweise über eine Perforation am Mundstückbelagpapier oder über die Luftdurchlässigkeit des Zigarettenpapiers eingestellt werden.In order to reduce the amount of harmful substances in the smoke of a cigarette, several approaches are known in the art. One possibility is to dilute the smoke passing through the cigarette by an influx of air. This is called ventilation. Increased ventilation results in greater dilution of the mainstream smoke and thus lower levels of smoke. The ventilation of a cigarette can be adjusted for example via a perforation on the tipping paper or on the air permeability of the cigarette paper.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit, die Abrauchwerte zu beeinflussen, ist die Filtration des Hauptstromrauches. Dies kann beispielsweise durch einen Filter aus Zelluloseacetat oder durch segmentierte Filter geschehen. Letztere besitzen neben einem oder mehreren Segmenten aus Zelluloseacetat auch Kammern, die mit bestimmten Stoffen, wie zum Beispiel Aktivkohle oder Papierfiltern, gefüllt sind. Diese bewirken eine zusätzliche Filtration des Rauchs und führen damit zu einer Reduktion der Abrauchwerte, fallweise auch zu einer selektiven Reduktion bestimmter Rauchinhaltsstoffe.Another way of influencing the exhaustion values is the filtration of the mainstream smoke. This can be done, for example, by a filter made of cellulose acetate or by segmented filters. The latter have, in addition to one or more segments of cellulose acetate, also chambers associated with certain substances, such as activated carbon or Paper filters are filled. These cause additional filtration of the smoke and thus lead to a reduction of the smoke values, and occasionally to a selective reduction of certain smoke ingredients.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Verringerung der Abrauchwerte besteht darin, einen Teil des Tabaks durch anderes Material zu ersetzen, das teilweise nicht brennbar sein kann, sodass insgesamt weniger schädliche Substanzen entstehen. Ein solches Material ist in
Insgesamt möchte man zwar eine Reduktion der Abrauchwerte erreichen, bevorzugt sogar eine selektive Reduktion bestimmter Rauchinhaltsstoffe, jedoch ohne, dass es aus Sicht des Rauchers zu einer wesentlichen Veränderung in der Gesamtcharakteristik der Zigarette kommt. Insbesondere sind Maßnahmen, die die Kundenakzeptanz oder den Geschmack der Zigarette beeinträchtigen können, wie dies beispielsweise bei hoher Ventilation oder starker Filtration der Fall ist, unerwünscht. Auch das Ersetzen des Tabaks durch alternative Materialien hat Nachteile. Zum einen lassen sich derartige Ersatzmaterialien auf herkömmlichen Zigarettenmaschinen oft nur schlecht verarbeiten. Zum anderen werden durch die Materialien oft Substanzen in den Tabakstrang eingebracht, die im Tabak oder dem Zigarettenpapier üblicherweise nicht oder nicht im selben Verhältnis vorkommen, was den Geschmack solcher Zigaretten beeinträchtigt. Ein Papier zur Beimischung in das rauchbare Material gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 ist aus
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Papier nach Anspruch 1, einen Rauchartikel nach Anspruch 12 und eine Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Papiers nach Anspruch 14 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved by a paper according to
Das erfindungsgemäße Papier ist zur Beimischung in das rauchbare Material eines Rauchartikels, beispielsweise in den Tabakstrang einer Zigarette bestimmt. Es enthält einen Faseranteil, der Zellstofffasern und Tabakpartikel enthält. Hierbei können die Tabakpartikel 2 bis 20 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 5 bis 15 Gew.-% und besonders vorzugsweise 5 bis 10 Gew.-% des Faseranteils bilden.The paper according to the invention is intended for incorporation into the smokable material of a smoking article, for example in the tobacco rod of a cigarette. It contains a fiber content that contains pulp fibers and tobacco particles. In this case, the tobacco particles can form 2 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 5 to 15 wt .-% and particularly preferably 5 to 10 wt .-% of the fiber content.
Der Erfinder hat festgestellt, dass sich die Abrauchwerte in erheblichem Umfang verringern lassen, wenn derartiges Tabakpartikel enthaltendes Papier dem eigentlichen Tabak beigemischt wird, d. h. dieses Papier einen Teil des üblicherweise vorhandenen Tabaks ersetzt. Gleichzeitig wird der Geschmack für den Raucher durch die Zugabe solchen Papiers nur geringfügig beeinflusst. Auf diese Weise ergibt sich ein äußerst vorteilhafter Kompromiss aus Verringerung der Abrauchwerte einerseits und Beibehaltung des Charakters der Zigarette, insbesondere ihres Geschmackes, andererseits.The inventor has found that the levels of smoking can be significantly reduced when paper containing such tobacco particles is added to the actual tobacco, i. H. this paper replaces part of the tobacco normally present. At the same time, the taste for the smoker is only slightly influenced by the addition of such paper. In this way, a very advantageous compromise results from reducing the smoking value on the one hand and maintaining the character of the cigarette, in particular their taste, on the other hand.
Wie unten anhand einer Reihe von Ausführungsbeispielen gezeigt wird, lassen sich durch die Beimischung des erfindungsgemäßen Papiers in den Tabakstrang die Abrauchwerte in weit höherem Umfang verringern, als der Fachmann erwartet hätte. Es ist klar, dass die Abrauchwerte in dem Maße verringert werden, in dem der Tabak durch andere, insbesondere nicht brennbare Papierbestandteile ersetzt wird. Die Verringerung der Abrauchwerte geht aber weit über diesen vorhersehbaren Effekt hinaus. Stattdessen lässt sich mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Papier eine zusätzliche Filterwirkung erzeugen, die zur Verringerung der Abrauchwerte beiträgt. Jedoch kann die Filterwirkung allein die beobachtete Abnahme der Abrauchwerte noch nicht vollständig erklären, da der Fachmann erwartet hätte, dass das im erfindungsgemäßen Papier angelagerte Rauchkondensat bei der nachfolgenden Verbrennung des Papiers während des Rauchens im selben Ausmaß wieder freigesetzt wird, sodass die betreffenden Inhaltsstoffe allenfalls zeitlich verzögert abgeraucht würden. Die Messung des Erfinders ergeben jedoch, dass dies nicht der Fall ist. Stattdessen vermutet der Erfinder, dass die Filtrationswirkung des erfindungsgemäßen Papiers so stark ist, dass das Rauchkondensat vor allem in dem an den Glutkegel angrenzenden Bereich angelagert wird und das Rauchkondensat dann während der auf einen Zug folgenden Glimmphase, in der ein Teil des erfindungsgemäßen Papiers mitsamt dem angelagerten Rauchkondensat verbrennt, in den Nebenstromrauch abgegeben wird, sodass es nicht in dem vom Raucher während eines Zuges aufgenommenen Hauptstromrauch enthalten ist. Erfindungsgemäß haben die Tabakpartikel eine mittlere Größe von weniger als 1 mm, vorzugsweise eine mittlere Größe von 0,05 µm bis 200 µm. Mit der "Größe" eines Tabakpartikels wird hier die mittels Sedigraph bestimmte Größe des Tabakpartikels bezeichnet. Diese Tabakpartikel können ein Abfallprodukt der Tabakaufbereitung, wie beispielsweise Tabakstaub sein. Es ist aber auch möglich normalen Schnitttabak zu verwenden, der durch geeignete Verfahren zerkleinert wurde.As shown below by means of a number of exemplary embodiments, the admixture of the paper according to the invention into the tobacco rod can reduce the exhaustion values to a far greater extent than would have been expected by the person skilled in the art. It is clear that the levels of smoking are reduced as the tobacco is replaced by other, especially nonflammable, paper components. The reduction of the exhaustion values, however, goes far beyond this predictable effect. Instead, the paper according to the invention can be used to produce an additional filtering effect, which contributes to the reduction of the exhaustion values. However, the filtering effect alone can not completely explain the observed decrease in the exhaustion values, since the person skilled in the art would have expected that the smoke condensate deposited in the paper according to the invention will be released again during the subsequent combustion of the paper during smoking, to the same extent, so that the relevant ingredients will at best be temporary would be smoked delayed. However, the inventor's measurement indicates that this is not the case. Instead, the inventor suspects that the filtration effect of the paper according to the invention is so strong that the smoke condensate is deposited above all in the region adjoining the ember cone and the smoke condensate is then deposited during the glimmering phase following a train in which part of the paper according to the invention together with the burned smoke condensate, is discharged into the sidestream smoke, so that it is not included in the mainstream smoke absorbed by the smoker during a train. According to the invention, the tobacco particles have an average size of less than 1 mm, preferably a mean size of 0.05 .mu.m to 200 .mu.m. The "size" of a tobacco particle refers to the size of the tobacco particle as determined by Sedigraph. These tobacco particles may be a waste product of tobacco processing, such as tobacco dust. However, it is also possible to use normal cut tobacco, which has been minced by suitable methods.
Das erfindungsgemäße Papier entspricht in seinem Aufbau vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen einem herkömmlichen Zigarettenpapier und enthält wie dieses Zellstofffasern, wie beispielsweise Holzzellstofffasern oder Zellstofffasern aus anderen Pflanzen wie z. B. Flachs, Hanf oder Sisal. Erfindungsgemäß umfassen die Zellstofffasern Langfasern, Kurzfasern oder ein Gemisch aus Lang- und Kurzfasern. In der vorliegenden Offenbarung werden als "Langfasern" Fasern mit einer Länge von mehr als 2 mm und als "Kurzfasern" Fasern mit einer Länge von weniger als 2 mm, typischerweise von etwa 1 mm bezeichnet. Grundsätzlich führen Langfasern zu einer Steigerung der Zugfestigkeit, während ein höherer Anteil an Kurzfasern dem Papier eine lockerere, porösere Struktur verleiht. Die Tabakpartikel sind ihrer Funktion und Eigenschaften im Fasernetzwerk nach eher geeignet, Kurzfasern zu ersetzen als Langfasern.The paper according to the invention preferably corresponds in its construction substantially to a conventional cigarette paper and, like this, contains pulp fibers, such as wood pulp fibers or pulp fibers from other plants, such as e.g. As flax, hemp or sisal. According to the invention, the pulp fibers comprise long fibers, short fibers or a mixture of long and short fibers. In the present disclosure, "long fibers" are fibers having a length of more than 2 mm and "short fibers" being fibers having a length of less than 2 mm, typically about 1 mm. In principle, long fibers result in an increase in tensile strength, while a higher proportion of short fibers gives the paper a looser, more porous structure. According to their function and properties in the fiber network, the tobacco particles are more suitable for replacing short fibers than long fibers.
Der Anteil an Lang- und Kurzfasern im erfindungsgemäßen Papier kann in weiten Bereichen variiert werden. In einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform beträgt der Anteil an Langfasern mehr als 60 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise mehr als 80 Gew.-% und besonders vorzugsweise mehr als 90 Gew.-% des Faseranteils des Papiers. Vorzugsweise beträgt der Anteil an Kurzfasern weniger als 20 Gew.-%, besonders vorzugsweise weniger als 10 Gew.-% des Faseranteils des Papiers. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, ausschließlich Kurzfasern zu verwenden. Wegen der geringen Festigkeit sollten die Kurzfasern in diesem Fall jedoch auf aus dem Stand der Technik an sich bekannte Weise gemahlen werden.The proportion of long and short fibers in the paper according to the invention can be varied within wide ranges. In one embodiment of the invention, the proportion of long fibers is more than 60 wt .-%, preferably more than 80 wt .-% and particularly preferably more than 90 wt .-% of the fiber content of the paper. Preferably, the proportion of short fibers less than 20 wt .-%, more preferably less than 10 wt .-% of the fiber content of the paper. However, it is also possible to use only short fibers. However, because of the low strength, the short fibers in this case should be ground in a manner known per se in the art.
Wie eingangs erwähnt, vermutet der Erfinder, dass die Reduktion der Abrauchwerte ganz wesentlich mit der Filtereigenschaft des erfindungsgemäßen Papiers zusammenhängt. Die Filtrationswirkung wird durch die spezielle Porenstruktur des erfindungsgemäßen Papiers beeinflusst, die sich durch die Diffusivität charakterisieren lässt. In einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform ist das Papier so beschaffen, dass es - nach Aufheizen auf 230 °C für 30 min - eine Diffusivität von 0,01 cm/s bis 2,0 cm/s, vorzugsweise von 0,015 cm/s bis 1,0 cm/s und besonders vorzugsweise von 0,16 cm/s bis 0,75 cm/s besitzt, gemessen bei Normbedingungen nach ISO 187. Die vor der Messung durchgeführte thermische Belastung, d. h. das Aufheizen auf 230 °C für 30 min, soll die thermische Belastung im Tabakstrang während des Glimmens oder Rauchens simulieren. Auf diese Weise kann zumindest näherungsweise die Diffusivität des Papiers unter den in der Praxis relevanten Bedingungen bestimmt werden.As mentioned in the beginning, the inventor suspects that the reduction of the exhaustion values is very substantially related to the filter property of the paper according to the invention. The filtration effect is influenced by the specific pore structure of the paper according to the invention, which can be characterized by the diffusivity. In one embodiment of the invention, the paper is designed to have a diffusivity of from 0.01 cm / s to 2.0 cm / s, preferably from 0.015 cm / s to 1.0 after heating to 230 ° C for 30 minutes cm / s and particularly preferably from 0.16 cm / s to 0.75 cm / s, measured at standard conditions according to ISO 187. The pre-measurement carried out thermal load, ie heating to 230 ° C for 30 min, the thermal stress in the tobacco rod during smoldering or smoking. In this way, at least approximately the diffusivity of the paper can be determined under the conditions relevant in practice.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform hat das Papier eine Dicke von 20 µm bis 100 µm, vorzugsweise von 40 µm bis 90 µm. Ein bevorzugtes Flächengewicht beträgt 20 g/m2 bis 80 g/m2, vorzugsweise 30 g/m2 bis 70 g/m2. Solche Dicken und Flächengewichte haben sich in Experimenten als für den Zweck der Erfindung, Abrauchrauchwerte zu reduzieren, geeignet erwiesen. Ein weiterer praktischer Vorteil besteht darin, dass sich Papier dieser Stärke gut auf üblichen Maschinen zur Herstellung von gewöhnlichem Zigarettenpapier, wie es beispielsweise zur Umhüllung eines Tabakstrangs verwendet wird, herstellen lässt.In an advantageous embodiment, the paper has a thickness of 20 .mu.m to 100 .mu.m, preferably from 40 .mu.m to 90 .mu.m. A preferred basis weight is 20 g / m 2 to 80 g / m 2 , preferably 30 g / m 2 to 70 g / m 2 . Such thicknesses and basis weights have been found in experiments to be suitable for the purpose of the invention to reduce smoking fume levels. Another practical advantage is that paper of this strength can be produced well on conventional machines for the production of ordinary cigarette paper, as used for example for wrapping a tobacco rod.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform enthält das Papier einen Füllstoff, der bis zu 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 10 bis 40 Gew.-%, besonders vorzugsweise 20 bis 35 Gew.-% des Papiers ausmacht. Ein geeigneter Füllstoff ist beispielsweise Kalk, insbesondere gefällter Kalk, der eine höhere chemische Reinheit besitzt als Kalk aus geologischem Abbau. Außer Kalk sind jedoch auch andere anorganische Füllstoffe geeignet, wie beispielsweise Titandioxid, Calciumsulfat, Magnesiumcarbonat, Magnesiumoxid, Magnesiumhydroxid, Aluminiumhydroxid oder Talk, die einzeln oder in Mischungen verwendet werden können. Ein Füllstoffgehalt von über 50 Gew.-% hat sich wegen der geringeren Festigkeit des Papiers und der Neigung des Papiers zum Stauben als weniger geeignet erwiesen.In an advantageous embodiment, the paper contains a filler which constitutes up to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 40% by weight, particularly preferably 20 to 35% by weight of the paper. A suitable filler is, for example, lime, in particular precipitated lime, which has a higher chemical purity than lime from geological degradation. However, other inorganic fillers are suitable besides lime, for example titanium dioxide, calcium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide or talc, which can be used individually or in mixtures. A filler content above 50% by weight has proved less suitable because of the lower strength of the paper and the tendency of the paper to dust.
Um die Abbrandgeschwindigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Papiers und damit die Zugzahl einer dieses Papier enthaltenden Zigarette zu steuern, kann das erfindungsgemäße Papier mit Brandsalzen imprägniert werden. Dabei kann das Brandsalz eines oder mehrere der folgenden Materialien umfassen: Natriumzitrat, Kaliumzitrat, Natriumhydrogencarbonat, Kaliumhydrogenkarbonat, Ammoniumacetat, Natriumacetat, Kaliumacetat, Natrium- oder Kaliumsalze der Ameisensäure, Apfelsäure oder Milchsäure, Ammoniumphosphat, Natriumphosphat oder Kaliumphosphat.In order to control the burning rate of the paper according to the invention and thus the number of passes of a cigarette containing this paper, the paper according to the invention can be impregnated with burn salts. The fire broth may include one or more of the following: sodium citrate, potassium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium acetate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, formic acid sodium or potassium salts, malic acid or lactic acid, ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate or potassium phosphate.
Vorzugsweise bildet das Brandsalz bis zu 5 Gew.-%, besonders vorzugsweise bis zu 3 Gew.-% der gesamten Papiermasse. Die Brandsalze können entweder direkt in der Papiermaschine mittels einer Leim- oder Filmpresse oder im Nachhinein in einer separaten Vorrichtung auf das Papier aufgetragen werden.Preferably, the Brandsalz forms up to 5 wt .-%, particularly preferably up to 3 wt .-% of the total paper pulp. The burn salts can either be applied directly to the paper machine by means of a glue or film press or afterwards in a separate device on the paper.
Da das erfindungsgemäße Papier einen Teil des Tabaks im Tabakstrang der Zigarette ersetzen soll, spielt auch dessen optische Erscheinung eine Rolle. Daher können dem erfindungsgemäßen Papier zusätzliche Farbstoffe beigemengt werden, um die Farbe des Papiers derjenigen des Tabaks anzupassen. Eine Möglichkeit sind Eisenoxidpartikel, aber auch andere anorganische oder organische Farbstoffe oder Pigmente können verwendet werden. Vorzugsweise wird man sich beim Einsatz wegen eines möglichen Einflusses auf den Geschmack einer dieses Papier enthaltenden gefertigten Zigarette auf einen Anteil von bis zu 10 Gew.-% der Papiermasse beschränken.Since the paper according to the invention is intended to replace part of the tobacco in the tobacco rod of the cigarette, its visual appearance also plays a role. Therefore, additional dyes may be added to the paper of the invention to match the color of the paper to that of the tobacco. One possibility is iron oxide particles, but other inorganic or organic dyes or pigments may be used. Preferably, in use, due to a possible influence on the taste of a manufactured cigarette containing this paper, it will be limited to a proportion of up to 10% by weight of the paper pulp.
Um den Geschmackseindruck des erfindungsgemäßen Papiers beim Rauchen zu optimieren, kann auf das Papier auch ein wässriges Tabakextrakt aufgebracht werden. Dieses Extrakt kann durch Mischung von Tabak mit einer geeigneten Menge an Wasser und Abfiltrierung der Mischung nach einer Lagerdauer von beispielsweise 24 Stunden bei Raumtemperatur oder erhöhter Temperatur hergestellt werden. Das Tabakextrakt kann verdünnt oder aufkonzentriert werden, bevor es auf das Zigarettenpapier aufgetragen wird. Wie auch bei den Brandsalzen kann der Auftrag dieses Extrakts in der Leim- oder Filmpresse oder auf einer separaten Vorrichtung erfolgen. Auch ein Auftrag gemeinsam mit den Brandsalzen ist möglich. Der nach Entfernung des Wassers verbleibende Feststoffanteil des Extraktes macht vorzugsweise bis zu 5 Gew.-% der Papiermasse aus, besonders vorzugsweise 2 bis 4 Gew.-%. Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann das Papier mit Aromastoffen behandelt sein, die auf diese Weise einfach in das rauchbare Material des Rauchartikels einbringbar sind.In order to optimize the taste impression of the paper according to the invention during smoking, an aqueous tobacco extract can also be applied to the paper. This extract can be prepared by mixing tobacco with an appropriate amount of water and filtering off the mixture after a storage period of, for example, 24 hours at room temperature or elevated temperature. The tobacco extract may be diluted or concentrated before it is applied to the cigarette paper. As with the brine salts, the application of this extract can be done in the size or film press or on a separate device. Also an order together with the Brandsalzen is possible. The remaining after removal of the water solids content of the extract preferably makes up to 5 wt .-% of the paper mass, particularly preferably 2 to 4 wt .-%. Additionally or alternatively, the paper may be treated with flavors that are easily introduced into the smokable material of the smoking article in this way.
Alternativ oder in Ergänzung zu diesem Extrakt können auch aus der Tabakverarbeitung bekannte Aromastoffe oder Feuchthaltemittel, wie Glyzerin oder Propylenglykol, auf das erfindungsgemäße Papier aufgetragen werden, wobei die Summe dieser Stoffe vorzugsweise bis zu 3 Gew.-% der Papiermasse, besonders vorzugsweise bis zu 2 Gew.-% der Papiermasse beträgt. Weitere Zusatzstoffe, wie sie in der Herstellung von Zigarettenpapieren üblich sind, beispielsweise Stärke, Alginate, Nassfestmittel, Retentionshilfsmittel oder andere Hilfsmittel der Papierproduktion können im Papier enthalten sein, wobei der Anteil dieser Substanzen in Summe vorzugsweise weniger als 2 Gew.-% der Papiermasse, besonders vorzugsweise weniger als 1 Gew.-% beträgt.Alternatively or in addition to this extract, flavorings or humectants known from tobacco processing, such as glycerol or propylene glycol, can be applied to the paper according to the invention, the sum of these substances preferably up to 3% by weight of the paper pulp, particularly preferably up to 2 Wt .-% of the pulp. Other additives, as are customary in the production of cigarette papers, for example starch, alginates, wet strength agents, retention aids or other auxiliaries of the Paper production can be contained in the paper, the proportion of these substances in total being preferably less than 2% by weight of the paper pulp, particularly preferably less than 1% by weight.
Das erfindungsgemäße Papier kann auf üblichen Papiermaschinen, bevorzugt Langsiebmaschinen hergestellt werden. Dabei kann eine Faser-Füllstoff-Suspension, die aus dem Stoffauflauf auf das Sieb der Papiermaschine aufgebracht wird, zunächst durch Vakuum und Schwerkraft, in der Pressenpartie durch mechanischen Druck und schließlich in der Trockenpartie durch Hitze entwässert werden, sodass am Ende der Papiermaschine das Papier aufgerollt werden kann. Die Tabakpartikel werden dabei im Herstellungsprozess vorzugsweise wie die Kurzfasern im Herstellungsprozess üblichen Zigarettenpapiers behandelt und werden daher vorzugsweise ungemahlen eingesetzt.The paper according to the invention can be produced on conventional paper machines, preferably wire-screening machines. In this case, a fiber-filler suspension, which is applied from the headbox to the wire of the paper machine, first by dewatering by vacuum and gravity, in the press section by mechanical pressure and finally in the dryer section by heat, so that at the end of the paper machine, the paper can be rolled up. The tobacco particles are treated in the manufacturing process preferably as the short fibers in the manufacturing process conventional cigarette paper and are therefore preferably used unground.
Damit das erfindungsgemäße Papier auf herkömmlichen Zigarettenmaschinen wie Tabak verarbeitet werden kann, muss es in Stückchen geeigneter Größe geschnitten werden. Die Größe dieser Stückchen orientiert sich dabei an der Schnittgröße des Tabaks, wobei die Länge von 0,1 mm bis 10 mm, bevorzugt 0,3 mm bis 8 mm, besonders bevorzugt 0,4 mm bis 6 mm und die Breite von 0,1 mm bis 2 mm, bevorzugt 0,3 mm bis 1,5 mm, besonders bevorzugt 0,4 mm bis 1 mm betragen kann.In order for the paper of the invention to be processed on conventional cigarette machines, such as tobacco, it must be cut into pieces of suitable size. The size of these pieces is based on the cutting size of the tobacco, the length of 0.1 mm to 10 mm, preferably 0.3 mm to 8 mm, more preferably 0.4 mm to 6 mm and the width of 0.1 mm to 2 mm, preferably 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm, particularly preferably 0.4 mm to 1 mm.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch einen Rauchartikel, dessen rauchbarem Material, insbesondere Tabakstrang, Papier nach einer der obengenannten Ausführungsformen beigemischt ist. Das erfindungsgemäße Papier ersetzt dabei einen Teil des üblicherweise vorhandenen rauchbaren Materials des Rauchartikels.The invention also relates to a smoking article whose smokable material, in particular tobacco rod, paper is admixed according to one of the abovementioned embodiments. The paper according to the invention replaces a part of the usually present smokable material of the smoking article.
Wie in den Ausführungsbeispielen unten gezeigt wird, ist die Reduktion der Abrauchwerte relativ stark, sodass man bereits einen nennenswerten Effekt erwarten darf, wenn man 2% der Masse des rauchbaren Materials durch das erfindungsgemäße Papier ersetzt. Es ist nicht empfehlenswert mehr als 50% der Masse des rauchbaren Materials durch das erfindungsgemäße Papier zu ersetzen, da dann der Geschmack der Zigarette zu stark beeinträchtigt wird. Vorzugsweise wird man einen Bereich von 10 bis 30 Gew.-% der Masse des rauchbaren Materials wählen.As shown in the embodiments below, the reduction of the values of smoke is relatively strong, so that one may already expect a significant effect when replacing 2% of the mass of smokable material by the paper according to the invention. It is not advisable to replace more than 50% of the mass of smokable material with the paper according to the invention, because then the taste of the cigarette is excessively impaired. Preferably, one will choose a range of 10 to 30% by weight of the mass of smokable material.
- Fig. 1Fig. 1
- zeigt eine Tabelle, in der die charakteristischen Daten von Papieren nach sieben Ausführungsformen der Erfindung zusammengefasst sind.Figure 14 shows a table summarizing the characteristic data of papers according to seven embodiments of the invention.
- Fig. 2Fig. 2
-
zeigt eine Tabelle, in der die Abrauchwerte Teer, Nikotin und Kohlenmonoxid sowie die Zugzahl von Zigaretten zusammengefasst sind, die sich bei Verwendung der sieben erfindungsgemäßen Papiere in einer Zigarette von
Fig. 1 sowie für dieselbe Zigarette ohne derartiges Papier ergeben.shows a table in which the exhaustion values tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide and the Zugzahl of cigarettes are summarized when using the seven papers of the invention in a cigarette ofFig. 1 as well as for the same cigarette without such paper.
Zum Nachweis, dass das erfindungsgemäße Papier den gewünschten Effekt erzielt, wurden 7 verschiedene mit Tabakpartikeln gefüllte Papiere hergestellt. Die genauen Parameter der produzierten Papiere können aus der Tabelle von
Als Füllstoff wurde Kalk verwendet, wobei aufgrund der Reinheit gefällter Kalk bevorzugt wurde, der in den Papiermustern 2-6 mit einem Anteil von 40 Gew.-% der Papiermasse enthalten ist. Papiermuster 7 wurde gänzlich ohne Kalk als anorganischen Füllstoff produziert. Zusätzlich wurde das Papier mit einer Tabaklösung imprägniert. Die Herstellung einer solchen Tabaklösung erfolgte durch Herstellung einer wässrigen Suspension aus Tabakpartikeln, die 24 Stunden bei Raumtemperatur gelagert und danach filtriert wurde. Das Extrakt wurde in der Leimpresse auf das Papier aufgetragen. Die Papiermuster 2, 4, 5 und 7 wurden zusätzlich noch mit Kaliumzitrat imprägniert, das Papiermuster 5 wurde darüber hinaus noch mit einem in Cyclodextrin verkapselten Aromastoff der Firma Mane behandelt.Lime was used as the filler, and due to the purity, precipitated lime contained in the paper samples 2-6 in a proportion of 40% by weight of the paper pulp was preferred.
Das Papier wurde vor dem Vermengen mit dem Tabak auf Stücke mit einer Breite von 0,4 mm bis 1,0 mm und einer Länge von 0,5 mm bis 5,0 mm zerkleinert.The paper was comminuted, before blending with the tobacco, to pieces 0.4 mm to 1.0 mm wide and 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm long.
Unter Verwendung der Papiermuster 2-8 wurden Zigaretten gefertigt. Die Zigaretten hatten eine Länge von 84 mm, einen Durchmesser von etwa 8 mm und einen Filterstöpsel aus Zelluloseacetat mit einer Länge von 16 mm, der durch ein Tippingpapier mit einer Länge von 26 mm mit dem Tabakstrang verbunden war. Das Zigarettenpapier, das den Tabakstrang umhüllte, hatte eine Luftdurchlässigkeit von 32 CU (=cm3 / (min cm2 kPa)), ein Flächengewicht von 25 g/m2 und einen Kalkgehalt von 26 Gew.-%. Das Zigarettenpapier enthielt weiters 2 Gew.-% Zitrate als Brandsalze.Cigarettes were made using paper patterns 2-8. The cigarettes had a length of 84 mm, a diameter of about 8 mm and a filter plug of cellulose acetate with a length of 16 mm, which was connected by a Tippingpapier with a length of 26 mm with the tobacco rod. The cigarette paper wrapping the tobacco rod had an air permeability of 32 CU (= cm 3 / (min cm 2 kPa)), a basis weight of 25 g / m 2 and a lime content of 26 wt%. The cigarette paper further contained 2% by weight of citrates as brand salts.
Als Tabak wurde eine handelsübliche American Blend Mischung der Marke BATTON verwendet. Jede Zigarette enthielt eine gesamte Füllmenge von etwa 800 mg. Diese setzte sich zusammen aus 80 Gew.-% Tabak und 20 Gew.-% des in Stückchen geschnittenen erfindungsgemäßen Papiers, sodass jede Zigarette etwa 640 mg Tabak und etwa 160 mg des erfindungsgemäßen Papiers enthielt.The tobacco used was a commercial American Blend brand BATTON. Each cigarette contained a total fill of about 800 mg. This was composed of 80 wt .-% tobacco and 20 wt .-% of the shredded paper according to the invention, so that each cigarette contained about 640 mg of tobacco and about 160 mg of the paper according to the invention.
Als Vergleichszigarette wurde eine Zigarette mit den obigen technischen Daten aber mit etwa 800 mg Tabak ohne das erfindungsgemäße Papier verwendet.The reference cigarette used was a cigarette with the above technical data but with about 800 mg of tobacco without the paper according to the invention.
Die Zigaretten wurden nach ISO 4387 abgeraucht und es wurden Zugzahl, Teer, Nikotin und Kohlenmonoxid bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse finden sich in der Tabelle von
Es zeigt sich, dass bei allen Testzigaretten, die das erfindungsgemäße Papier enthalten, eine erhebliche Reduktion der Abrauchwerte erzielt werden kann. Diese Reduktion kann zum Teil darauf zurückgeführt werden, dass ein Teil des Tabaks durch den nicht brennbaren Kalk, der in den Testpapieren 2-6 als Füllstoff enthalten ist, ersetzt wird. Dies kann aber, entsprechend dem Kalkanteil in der Zigarette, höchstens eine Reduktion um 8% erklären und nicht, wie in den Experimenten gefunden, um bis zu 70%. Zusätzlich zeigt sich auch bei Testpapier 7, das keinen Kalk enthält, eine erhebliche Reduktion der Abrauchwerte. Schließlich sieht man, dass die Reduktion der Abrauchwerte auch nicht allein durch ein schnelleres Glimmen der Zigarette erklärt werden kann, da die Zugzahl aller Testzigaretten sich wesentlich geringer ändert als es der Reduktion der Abrauchwerte entsprechen würde. Das Testpapier 8 wurde ohne die Verwendung von Langfasern gefertigt und bewirkt ebenfalls eine erhebliche Reduktion der Abrauchwerte, wobei für dieses Papier die Kurzfasern zur Erzielung einer ausreichenden mechanischen Festigkeit gemahlen wurden, während sie in den anderen Testpapieren ungemahlen eingesetzt wurden. Legt man jedoch auf eine höhere mechanische Festigkeit des Papiers Wert, wird man bevorzugt einen ausreichenden Anteil an Langfasern wählen.It can be seen that in all test cigarettes which contain the paper according to the invention, a considerable reduction of the values of smoke can be achieved. This reduction may be due in part to the replacement of a portion of the tobacco with the nonflammable lime contained in the test papers 2-6 as a filler. However, according to the amount of lime in the cigarette, this can only explain a reduction of 8% or less, and not, as found in the experiments, by up to 70%. In addition, even with
Es zeigt sich also eine überraschende Reduktion der Abrauchwerte, die allein durch die Betrachtung der in den erfindungsgemäßen Papieren verwendeten Materialien nicht erklärt werden kann. Vielmehr scheint neben der bloßen Ersetzung des Tabaks durch nicht brennbares Material auch noch eine zusätzliche Filterwirkung vorzuliegen. Der Erfinder vermutet, dass die überraschend stark ausgeprägte Filterwirkung durch die spezielle Porenstruktur des erfindungsgemäßen Papiers zustande kommt und durch die Diffusivität charakterisiert werden kann. Für die Testpapiere 2-7 zeigt sich eine gute Korrelation zwischen der Diffusivität und der Reduktion der Abrauchwerte. Für die Daten in
Zwar ist die Filtrationswirkung von Papier an sich bekannt, jedoch hätte der Fachmann erwartet, dass das im erfindungsgemäßen Papier angelagerte Rauchkondensat bei der nachfolgenden Verbrennung dieses Papiers während des Rauchens im selben Ausmaß wieder freigesetzt wird, sodass die betreffenden Inhaltsstoffe lediglich zeitlich verzögert abgeraucht würden. Wie die in der Tabelle von
Die Messungen zeigen, dass der Anteil von Kalk in den Papiermustern einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Reduktion der Abrauchwerte hat. Dies liegt einerseits daran, dass Kalk nicht brennbar ist und damit kaum zu den Abrauchwerten beiträgt, andererseits daran, dass er die Diffusivität des erfindungsgemäßen Papiers beeinflusst. Die Werte von 40 Gew.-% der Papiermasse in den Mustern 2-6 und von 0% der Papiermasse in Muster 7 zeigen die Extremwerte. In vielen praktischen Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung wird sich der Kalkgehalt in einem mittleren Bereich dieses Intervalls bewegen.The measurements show that the proportion of lime in the paper samples has a considerable influence on the reduction of the exhaustion values. On the one hand, this is due to the fact that lime is not flammable and thus hardly contributes to the levels of consumption, and partly because it influences the diffusivity of the paper according to the invention. The values of 40% by weight of Paper pulp in samples 2-6 and 0% of pulp in
Ein weiteres Mittel zur Beeinflussung der Diffusivität , ist der Anteil an Langfasern, Kurzfasern und Tabakpartikeln im Papier. Wie aus den Testpapieren 2-7 ersichtlich ist, führt offenbar ein hoher Gehalt an ungemahlenen Kurzfasern und Tabakpartikeln zu einer Reduktion der Diffusivität, weshalb diese Komponenten sehr gut zur Steuerung der Diffusivität und damit auch zur Steuerung der Reduktionswirkung der Abrauchwerte verwendet werden können. Das Testpapier 8 zeigt eine erheblich höhere Diffusivität, allerdings ist dieses Testpapier wegen der Mahlung der Kurzfasern mit den Testpapieren 2-7 nicht in jeder Hinsicht vergleichbar.Another means of influencing the diffusivity is the proportion of long fibers, short fibers and tobacco particles in the paper. As can be seen from the test papers 2-7, apparently a high content of unmilled short fibers and tobacco particles leads to a reduction of the diffusivity, which is why these components can be used very well for controlling the diffusivity and thus also for controlling the reduction effect of the exhaustion values. The
Der Einsatz von Brandsalzen im Papier beschleunigt das Glimmen der Zigarette und reduziert damit die Zugzahl. Für die Papiermuster 2, 4 und 5, die alle etwa 2 Gew.-% Kaliumzitrat als Brandsalz enthalten, konnte eine Reduktion der Zugzahl um etwa 10% erreicht werden, was in etwa im selben Verhältnis zu einer Reduktion der Abrauchwerte beiträgt.The use of burn salts in the paper speeds up the glow of the cigarette and thus reduces the number of strokes. For the
Claims (14)
- Paper for mixing into the smokeable material of a smoking article, particularly into the tobacco rod of a cigarette,
wherein the paper contains a share of fibers, which comprises pulp fibers and tobacco particles,
characterized in that the tobacco particles have a mean size of less than 1 mm,
wherein the pulp fibers comprise a mixture of long and short fibers, in which the share of long fibers is more than 60% by weight of the fiber share of the paper, and
wherein the paper has, after heating to 230°C for 30 min, a diffusivity from 0.01 cm/s to 2.0 cm/s, measured under standard conditions according to ISO 187. - Paper according to claim 1, in which the tobacco particles account for 2 to 20 % by weight, preferably 5 to 15 % by weight and particularly preferably 5 to 10 % by weight of the fiber share.
- Paper according to claim 1 or 2, in which the tobacco particles have a mean size from 0,05 µm to 200 µm.
- Paper according to one of the preceding claims, in which the share of long fibers is more than 80 % by weight, preferably more than 90 % by weight of the fiber share of the paper and/or
in which the share of short fibers is less than 20% by weight, preferably less than 10 % by weight of the fiber share of the paper. - Paper according to one of the preceding claims, which, after heating to 230°C for 30 min has a diffusivity from 0.015 cm/s to 1.0 cm/s and preferably from 0.16 cm/s to 0.75 cm/s, measured under standard conditions according to ISO 187.
- Paper according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the paper has a thickness from 20 µm to 100 µm, preferably from 40 µm to 90 µm, and/or
the paper has a basis weight from 20 g/m2 to 80 g/m2, preferably from 30 g/m2 to 70 g/m2. - Paper according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the paper contains a filler, which accounts for up to 50 % by weight, preferably 10 to 40 % by weight, particularly preferably 20 to 35 % by weight of the paper, wherein
the filler contains one or more of the following materials: chalk, particularly precipitated chalk, titanium dioxide, calcium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide or talc. - Paper according to one of the preceding claims, which further contains a burn additive, which accounts for up to 5 % by weight, preferably up to 3 % by weight of the total paper mass, wherein the burn additive comprises one or more of the following materials: sodium citrate, potassium citrate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium acetate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium or potassium salts of formic acid, malic acid or lactic acid, ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate or potassium phosphate.
- Paper according to one of the preceding claims, which further contains colorants or pigments, which preferably account for up to 10 % of the total paper mass, wherein the colorants or pigments contain preferably iron oxide.
- Paper according to one of the preceding claims, which is impregnated with an aqueous tobacco extract, of which the solid content after removal of the water is up to 5 % by weight, preferably between 2 and 4 % by weight of the total paper mass, and/or which is treated with aromatic substances.
- Paper according to one of the preceding claims, which is present in the form of pieces which have a length from 0.1 to 10.0 mm, preferably 0.3 to 8.0 mm and particularly preferably from 0.4 to 6.0 mm, and/or
have a width from 0.1 to 2.0 mm, preferably from 0.3 to 1.5 mm and particularly preferably from 0.4 to 1.0 mm. - Smoking article, of which the smokeable material, particularly tobacco of a tobacco rod, is mixed with paper according to one of the preceding claims.
- Smoking article according to claim 12, which has a share of the paper of 2 to 50 % by weight, preferably of 10 to 30 % by weight of the mass of smokeable material.
- Use of a paper according to one of the claims 1 to 11 for mixing into the smokeable material of a smoking article, particularly into the tobacco rod of a cigarette, to reduce the smoke yields of the smoking article.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL13700257T PL2804497T3 (en) | 2012-01-18 | 2013-01-14 | Paper filled with tobacco particles |
EP13700257.2A EP2804497B1 (en) | 2012-01-18 | 2013-01-14 | Paper filled with tobacco particles |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12151612.4A EP2617299A1 (en) | 2012-01-18 | 2012-01-18 | Paper filled with tobacco particles |
PCT/EP2013/000094 WO2013107627A1 (en) | 2012-01-18 | 2013-01-14 | Paper filled with tobacco particles |
EP13700257.2A EP2804497B1 (en) | 2012-01-18 | 2013-01-14 | Paper filled with tobacco particles |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2804497A1 EP2804497A1 (en) | 2014-11-26 |
EP2804497B1 true EP2804497B1 (en) | 2017-12-20 |
Family
ID=47559452
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12151612.4A Withdrawn EP2617299A1 (en) | 2012-01-18 | 2012-01-18 | Paper filled with tobacco particles |
EP13700257.2A Active EP2804497B1 (en) | 2012-01-18 | 2013-01-14 | Paper filled with tobacco particles |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP12151612.4A Withdrawn EP2617299A1 (en) | 2012-01-18 | 2012-01-18 | Paper filled with tobacco particles |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9439451B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2617299A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104053369B (en) |
BR (1) | BR112014017627B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2660383T3 (en) |
MY (1) | MY170064A (en) |
PH (1) | PH12014501657A1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2804497T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013107627A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT515408B1 (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-09-15 | Tannpapier Gmbh | Diffusion-optimized tipping paper |
ES2885450T3 (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2021-12-13 | Philip Morris Products Sa | Homogenized tobacco material and production method of homogenized tobacco material |
CN104824823B (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2017-11-28 | 广东中烟工业有限责任公司 | The method for lifting sensory quality of reconstituted tobacco leaves |
JP6847845B2 (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2021-03-24 | フィリップ・モーリス・プロダクツ・ソシエテ・アノニム | Homogeneous Tobacco Material and How to Make Homogeneous Tobacco Material |
DE102015105882B4 (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2017-06-08 | Delfortgroup Ag | Wrapping paper with high short fiber content and smoking article |
CN104790264B (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2016-11-30 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of functional low grammes per square metre cigarette paper and preparation method thereof |
WO2020072902A1 (en) * | 2018-10-05 | 2020-04-09 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Tobacco-containing wrapper having a white brilliant appearance |
CN110141005A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-08-20 | 红云红河烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Tobacco flake and heating non-combustible cigarette |
CN114729512A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2022-07-08 | 菲利普莫里斯生产公司 | Aerosol-generating substrate element with thick paper |
DE102021104160A1 (en) | 2021-02-22 | 2022-08-25 | Delfortgroup Ag | IMPROVED WRAPPING PAPER WITH LOW DIFFUSION CAPACITY |
CN114088580B (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2023-12-15 | 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for detecting diffusion rate of applied feed liquid in heated cigarettes by using propylene glycol |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4542755A (en) * | 1984-05-25 | 1985-09-24 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Dry-forming of reconstituted tobacco and resulting product |
US4646764A (en) * | 1985-12-16 | 1987-03-03 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Process for providing roll reconstituted tobacco material |
US5322076A (en) * | 1992-02-06 | 1994-06-21 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Process for providing tobacco-containing papers for cigarettes |
GB9525625D0 (en) * | 1995-12-15 | 1996-02-14 | British American Tobacco Co | Reconstituted tobacco |
NL1020285C2 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2003-09-30 | Deli Htl Tabak Mij B V | Method for manufacturing a 'top-loaded cigarette filler'. Method for manufacturing a 'top-loaded cigarette filler'. |
US20050056294A1 (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2005-03-17 | Wanna Joseph T. | Modified reconstituted tobacco sheet |
US20050263161A1 (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2005-12-01 | Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation | Tobacco filler of low nitrogen content |
US7428905B2 (en) * | 2004-07-30 | 2008-09-30 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Method of making smokeable tobacco substitute filler having an increased fill value |
TWI532442B (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2016-05-11 | 菲利浦莫里斯製品股份有限公司 | Methods of making reconstituted tobacco sheets |
CN101637298B (en) * | 2009-08-18 | 2012-03-07 | 广东中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for preparing tobacco sheet and application thereof |
-
2012
- 2012-01-18 EP EP12151612.4A patent/EP2617299A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-01-14 BR BR112014017627-2A patent/BR112014017627B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-01-14 PL PL13700257T patent/PL2804497T3/en unknown
- 2013-01-14 WO PCT/EP2013/000094 patent/WO2013107627A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-01-14 EP EP13700257.2A patent/EP2804497B1/en active Active
- 2013-01-14 CN CN201380005851.9A patent/CN104053369B/en active Active
- 2013-01-14 ES ES13700257.2T patent/ES2660383T3/en active Active
- 2013-01-14 MY MYPI2014001967A patent/MY170064A/en unknown
-
2014
- 2014-07-18 PH PH12014501657A patent/PH12014501657A1/en unknown
- 2014-07-18 US US14/334,869 patent/US9439451B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2804497A1 (en) | 2014-11-26 |
PL2804497T3 (en) | 2018-04-30 |
BR112014017627B1 (en) | 2020-11-24 |
ES2660383T3 (en) | 2018-03-22 |
MY170064A (en) | 2019-07-02 |
CN104053369B (en) | 2018-07-03 |
EP2617299A1 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
WO2013107627A1 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
BR112014017627A8 (en) | 2017-07-11 |
US20140326262A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
PH12014501657B1 (en) | 2014-10-13 |
US9439451B2 (en) | 2016-09-13 |
PH12014501657A1 (en) | 2014-10-13 |
CN104053369A (en) | 2014-09-17 |
BR112014017627A2 (en) | 2017-06-20 |
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