CH514500A - Activation of carbon fibres - with hot gases or steam for adsorption applications - Google Patents
Activation of carbon fibres - with hot gases or steam for adsorption applicationsInfo
- Publication number
- CH514500A CH514500A CH1556570A CH1556570A CH514500A CH 514500 A CH514500 A CH 514500A CH 1556570 A CH1556570 A CH 1556570A CH 1556570 A CH1556570 A CH 1556570A CH 514500 A CH514500 A CH 514500A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- activation
- steam
- carbon
- activated carbon
- carbon fibres
- Prior art date
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
- D01F11/10—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon
- D01F11/12—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon with inorganic substances ; Intercalation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/354—After-treatment
- C01B32/382—Making shaped products, e.g. fibres, spheres, membranes or foam
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
Abstract
Carbon fibres, or fabrics are activated with hot CO or CO2, or steam opt mixed with nitrogen. Additional activation can be effected using ZnCl2 or potassium salts. Fibrous active carbon is more suitable for many applications than pulverulent or granular active carbon. The products can be used as an adsorptive filter material e.g. in gas masks, air-conditioning and water purification; they may also be used as catalyst carriers, reaction accelerators, in coatings, etc.
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faseraktivkohle
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faseraktivkohle.
Es ist bekannt, dass das Überleiten, insbesondere von Wasserdampf, aber auch von CO2 und CO über glühende, Kohlenstoff enthaltende Substanzen bei 700- 10000C zu aktiven Kohlenstoffen, sogenannten Aktivkohlen, führt. Als Ausgangsmaterial dienen pflanzliche Stoffe, wie Torf, Holz und Kohlen, meist in stückiger oder gekörnter Form, oder auch tierische Stoffe, wie Knochen oder Blut.
Es sind weitere Verfahren bekannt, bei denen die Aktivierung mit Chemikalien, wie z.B. Zinkchlorid oder Kaliumsalze, erreicht werden kann.
Es ist weiter bekannt, dass die Aktivierung im Drehrohrofen, Winkler-Generator oder auch im Fliessbett durchgeführt wird.
Bei allen diesen Verfahren resultiert eine Aktivkohle, die entweder pulverförmig oder körnig vorliegt, was bei vielen Anwendungen von Nachteil ist, weil man nur mit Schüttungen arbeiten kann. Die Ausbeute beträgt bei den meisten Verfahren nicht mehr als 18-50%.
Der Aschegehalt dieser Aktivkohlen liegt, je nach dem Ausgangsmaterial, zwischen 0,5 und 20%, und der Schwefelgehalt (Katalysatorgift) zwischen 0,01 und 0,5%.
Kohlenstoff enthalten diese Aktivkohlen zwischen 75 und 97%.
Die spezifischen Oberflächen solcher Aktivkohle betragen im allgemeinen 50-900 m2/g, in Ausnahmefällen 1200 m2/g.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Nachteile der bekannten Aktivkohlen, insbesondere die Kornform, zu überwinden und eine Aktivkohle zu erhalten, die bezüglich Reinheit weit über den derzeitigen Aktivkohlen liegt (Aschegehalt je nach Ausgangsmaterial bis zu 0,05%), und die eine spezifische Oberfläche von teilweise 1200 m2/m besitzt.
Erfindungsgemäss wird das dadurch erreicht, dass man Kohlenstoffasern einer Aktivierung mittels heisser Aktivierungsgase oder heissem Wasserdampf unterwirft.
Als Aktivierungsmittel kann auch stickstoffhaltiger Wasserdampf, CO2 oder CO verwendet werden. Vorzugsweise wird Wasserdampf oder stickstoffhaltiger Wasserdampf verwendet. Zusätzlich zur Aktivierung mit heissen Gasen kann mit Zinkchlorid oder Kaliumsalzen aktiviert werden.
Die Menge des eingesetzten Wasserdampfes beträgt das 0,1- bis 3,5fache, vorzugsweise das 0,2- bis 0,Sfache, der eingesetzten Menge an Kohlefasern oder Kohlenstoff enthaltenden Fasern. Die Aktivierungstemperatur liegt bei 600 bis 20000C, vorzugsweise bei 800 bis 12000C.
Die spezifische Oberfläche und der Aktivierungsgrad werden über die Zeit der Aktivierung gesteuert. Mit zunehmender Aktivierungszeit erhöht sich dabei die spezifische Oberfläche und der Aktivierungsgrad.
So erzeugte Faseraktivkohle kann als Adsorptionsmittel wie auch als Filter verwendet werden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist, dass die Faseraktivkohle oder Faseraktivkohle enthaltendes Material als adsorptionsfähiges Filtermaterial angewendet werden kann.
Die Faseraktivkohle, welche in Form von Filzen, Vliesen, Watte und in allen weitere textilen Formen hergestellt werden kann und nach der Aktivierung flexibel ist, eignet sich besonders für Gasmaskeneinsätze, Klimaund Belüftungsanlagen, zur Wasseraufbereitung, als Katalysatorträger oder als Reaktionsbeschleuniger. Durch ihre Flexibilität ist die Faseraktivkohle auch zum Auskleiden oder Überziehen von Körpern aller Art geeignet.
Die beschriebenen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten sind nur beispielhaft und keineswegs als Beschränkung des Einsatzes der Faseraktivkohle anzusehen.
Beispiel I Über 10 Gewiclltsteile Kohlefasern wurden während 16 Min. bei 10000C wasserdampfbeladener Stickstoff geleitet. Danach wurde der Gasstrom unterbrochen, die Heizung abgestellt und nach der Abkühlung das Produkt entnommen. Die Ausbeute betrug 63,4wo, die Faseraktivkohle hatte einen Aschegehalt von 0,2%, Schwefel war nicht nachweisbar, die spezifische Oberfläche betrug 918 m2/g.
Beispiel 2
10 Gewichtsteile Kohlefasern wurden wie in Beispiel 1 während 20 Minuten dem Wärmeprogramm unter Überleiten von wasserdampfbeladenem Stickstoff unterworfen.
Die Faseraktivkohle hatte eine spezifische Oberfläche von 1053 m-/g.
Beispiel 3
10 Gewichtsteile Kohlefasern wurden wie in Beispiel 1 während 25 Min. dem Wärmeprogramm unter Überleiten von wasserdampfbeladenem Stickstoff unterworfen.
Die Faseraktivkohle hatte eine spezifische Oberfläche von 1285 m2/g.
Process for the production of fiber activated carbon
The invention relates to a method for the production of fiber activated carbon.
It is known that the transfer of water vapor, in particular, but also of CO2 and CO over glowing, carbon-containing substances at 700-10000C leads to active carbons, so-called activated carbons. Vegetable substances such as peat, wood and coal, mostly in lumpy or granular form, or animal substances such as bones or blood are used as the starting material.
Other methods are known in which activation with chemicals such as e.g. Zinc chloride or potassium salts, can be achieved.
It is also known that activation is carried out in a rotary kiln, a Winkler generator or in a fluidized bed.
All of these processes result in an activated carbon that is either powdery or granular, which is a disadvantage in many applications because you can only work with beds. In most processes, the yield is no more than 18-50%.
The ash content of these activated carbons is between 0.5 and 20%, depending on the starting material, and the sulfur content (catalyst poison) between 0.01 and 0.5%.
These activated carbons contain between 75 and 97% carbon.
The specific surface areas of such activated carbon are generally 50-900 m2 / g, in exceptional cases 1200 m2 / g.
The invention is based on the object of overcoming the disadvantages of the known activated carbons, in particular the grain shape, and of obtaining an activated carbon that is far above current activated carbons in terms of purity (ash content, depending on the starting material, up to 0.05%), and one has a specific surface area of partly 1200 m2 / m.
According to the invention, this is achieved by subjecting carbon fibers to activation by means of hot activation gases or hot water vapor.
Nitrogen-containing water vapor, CO2 or CO can also be used as an activating agent. Water vapor or nitrogen-containing water vapor is preferably used. In addition to activation with hot gases, activation can be carried out with zinc chloride or potassium salts.
The amount of steam used is 0.1 to 3.5 times, preferably 0.2 to 0.5 times, the amount of carbon fibers or carbon-containing fibers used. The activation temperature is from 600 to 20000C, preferably from 800 to 120000C.
The specific surface and the degree of activation are controlled by the time of activation. As the activation time increases, the specific surface area and the degree of activation increase.
Fiber activated carbon produced in this way can be used as an adsorbent as well as a filter. It is particularly advantageous that the activated carbon fiber or material containing activated carbon fiber can be used as an adsorptive filter material.
The fiber activated carbon, which can be produced in the form of felts, fleeces, wadding and in all other textile forms and is flexible after activation, is particularly suitable for use in gas masks, air conditioning and ventilation systems, for water treatment, as a catalyst carrier or as a reaction accelerator. Due to its flexibility, the fiber activated carbon is also suitable for lining or covering bodies of all kinds.
The possible applications described are only exemplary and in no way restrict the use of the fiber activated carbon.
Example I Steam-laden nitrogen was passed over 10 parts by weight of carbon fibers for 16 minutes at 10,000 ° C. The gas flow was then interrupted, the heating switched off and, after cooling, the product was removed. The yield was 63.4%, the fiber activated carbon had an ash content of 0.2%, sulfur was not detectable, the specific surface area was 918 m2 / g.
Example 2
As in Example 1, 10 parts by weight of carbon fibers were subjected to the heating program for 20 minutes while passing nitrogen loaded with water vapor over them.
The fiber activated carbon had a specific surface area of 1053 m- / g.
Example 3
As in Example 1, 10 parts by weight of carbon fibers were subjected to the heating program for 25 minutes while passing nitrogen charged with steam.
The fiber activated carbon had a specific surface area of 1285 m2 / g.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1556570A CH514500A (en) | 1970-10-21 | 1970-10-21 | Activation of carbon fibres - with hot gases or steam for adsorption applications |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1556570A CH514500A (en) | 1970-10-21 | 1970-10-21 | Activation of carbon fibres - with hot gases or steam for adsorption applications |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH514500A true CH514500A (en) | 1971-10-31 |
Family
ID=4410162
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1556570A CH514500A (en) | 1970-10-21 | 1970-10-21 | Activation of carbon fibres - with hot gases or steam for adsorption applications |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH514500A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4234326A (en) * | 1972-07-05 | 1980-11-18 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Filter assemblies with layers of activated carbon fibrous cloth |
| US4256607A (en) * | 1976-10-05 | 1981-03-17 | Toho Beslon Co., Ltd. | Process for production of activated carbon fibers |
-
1970
- 1970-10-21 CH CH1556570A patent/CH514500A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4234326A (en) * | 1972-07-05 | 1980-11-18 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Filter assemblies with layers of activated carbon fibrous cloth |
| US4256607A (en) * | 1976-10-05 | 1981-03-17 | Toho Beslon Co., Ltd. | Process for production of activated carbon fibers |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL | Patent ceased |