CH381778A - Device for electrical heating - Google Patents
Device for electrical heatingInfo
- Publication number
- CH381778A CH381778A CH341860A CH341860A CH381778A CH 381778 A CH381778 A CH 381778A CH 341860 A CH341860 A CH 341860A CH 341860 A CH341860 A CH 341860A CH 381778 A CH381778 A CH 381778A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- chamber
- gas
- electrically conductive
- heating
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/60—Heating arrangements wherein the heating current flows through granular powdered or fluid material, e.g. for salt-bath furnace, electrolytic heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
- B01J8/42—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed subjected to electric current or to radiations this sub-group includes the fluidised bed subjected to electric or magnetic fields
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/40—Direct resistance heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
- C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D13/00—Heat-exchange apparatus using a fluidised bed
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Description
Vorrichtung zur elektrischen Erhitzung Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrich tung zur elektrischen Erhitzung.
Bei bekannten Vorrichtungen dieser Art hat man die Verwendung von Salzbädern, Widerstandsöfen, Lichtbogenöfen, Induktionsheizung, Partikelheizung usw. vorgeschlagen. Alle diese Einrichtungen bringen Nachteile mit sich.
In den Salzbädern wird Salz verbraucht. Es haftet an den Gegenständen, die erhitzt worden sind. In folgedessen ist es notwendig, jeweils das Salz unter Berücksichtigung der Art des zu erhitzenden Gegen standes auszuwählen und die Erhitzungstemperatur danach einzustellen. Wenn Wasser in das heisse Bad tropft, besteht die Gefahr einer plötzlichen, explosiven Verdampfung und gegebenenfalls einer Zersetzung des Bades. Dieses Verfahren ist daher schwierig in seiner Durchführung und seine Kosten sind hoch.
Widerstandsöfen nutzen die Erzeugung von Hitze durch den elektrischen Widerstand aus, daher ist der thermische Wirkungsgrad gering und der Betrieb des Ofens gestaltet sich nicht einfach.
Bei Lichtbogenöfen liegt die Arbeitstemperatur sehr hoch. Ihre Regelung ist schwierig und der ther mische Wirkungsgrad ist niedrig.
Öfen mit Induktionsheizung sind in ihrem Auf bau und in der elektrischen Einrichtung teuer und ihr Betrieb ist schwierig.
Es bleiben nun noch die Öfen mit Partikelheizung. Man benutzt zur Hitzeerzeugung Kohlenstoffteilchen. Es ist aber nicht leicht, die zu erhitzenden Gegen stände in den Ofen einzubringen. Die Erhitzung er folgt nicht gleichmässig und man muss zur Herab setzung der Leistung einen Widerstand vorsehen, um den für Kohlenstoff charakteristischen negativen Widerstand zu kompensieren.
Die neue Vorrichtung umfasst erfindungsgemäss eine Kammer, die ein elektrisch leitendes Pulver ent- hält, einen mikroporösen Zwischenboden besitzt, Mittel aufweist, um das Pulver durch Zuführung eines Gases durch den Zwischenboden aufzuwirbeln, und Elektroden enthält, um einen elektrischen Strom durch das aufzuwirbende Pulver zu schicken.
Die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung zur elektri schen Erhitzung gestattet eine verhältnismässig hohe Erwärmung, wobei sich aber die Regelung der Tem peratur leicht durchführen lässt und der Regelbereich gross ist.
Der Betrieb der Vorrichtung gestaltet sich einfach und ist nur mit geringen Kosten verbunden.
In der neuen Vorrichtung kann ein metallischer Gegenstand auch dann gleichmässig erhitzt werden, wenn er eine unregelmässige Gestalt aufweist.
Der mikroporöse Zwischenboden kann beispiels weise aus einer Flachziegelplatte bestehen, die jedes Gas durchlässt, nicht aber das elektrisch leitende Pulver. Das Pulver kann Kohlenstoffpulver oder ein Halbleiterpulver, wie Siliziumkarbid sein, das ge nügend Strom durchlässt. Die Korngrösse des Pulvers hängt von seinem spezifischen Gewicht und anderen physikalischen Eigenschaften des Materials ab, aus dem das Pulver besteht. Es muss sich zur Aufwirbe- lung eignen.
Für Kohlenstoffpulver ist eine Korngrösse zweckmässig, bei der das Pulver durch ein Sieb von 100 bis 150 Maschen pro 25 mm hindurchgeht. Der Gasdruck zur Aufwirbelung des Pulvers richtet sich nach der Dicke und der Porosität des Zwischen bodens. Bei Anwendung von Luft kann, ein Druck von 4-10 kg/cm2 vorteilhaft sein. Anstelle von Luft kann man auch Stickstoff oder ein anderes inertes Gas benutzen, insbesondere, wenn eine Oxydation vermieden werden soll.
Die Gestalt der Elektroden ist vorteilhaft so gewählt, dass sich die Stromdichte in der Kammer möglichst gleichmässig verteilt. Man kann den Stromflug durch Hilfselektroden zusätzlich beeinflussen. Der angewandte elektrische Strom kann Wechselstrom beliebiger Frequenz, aber auch Gleich strom sein.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird an hand der Zeichnung näher erläutert.
Die Figur stellt einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung zur Erhitzung dar. 1 ist die Wirbelkammer zur Erhitzung von Me tallstücken. 2 bezeichnet das Bett des in der Kam mer 1 aufgewirbelten, elektrisch leitenden Pulvers. 3 und 4 sind Elektroden, welche in das Bett 2 des Wirbelpulvers eintauchen. Bei 6 ist der mikroporöse Zwischenboden zu sehen, der in die Kammer 1 ein gesetzt ist. Er lässt Gase, nicht aber das Pulver durch. 7 ist der Einlass für Druckgas am Boden der Kam mer 1.
Wenn eine Druckgasquelle bei 7 angeschlossen wird, strömt das Gas in der Richtung der Pfeile in die Kammer 1 ein und wirbelt das darin enthaltene Pulver auf. Das zu erhitzende Metallstück ist nicht ge zeichnet. Es wird in das Wirbelbett 2 zwischen den beiden Elektroden 3 und 4 eingetaucht. In dem Wir belzustand schwimmt das Pulver und seine Teilchen kommen miteinander in Berührung, und dann wieder ausser Kontakt, wie bei einer Molekularbewegung.
Sobald eine Stromquelle an die Elektröden an gelegt wird, fliesst ein Strom durch die aufgewirbelte Pulvermasse. Dadurch erzeugt die Pulvermasse Hitze, und das zwischen die Elektroden eingesenkte Metall stück wird erwärmt.
Der exothermische Vorgang kann wie folgt ver standen werden: Die Ursachen der Erhitzung sind in der Jouleschen Wärme zu suchen, welche durch den Widerstand im Pulver selbst hervorgerufen wird, sowie im Kontakt widerstand zwischen den Pulverteilchen. Wenn das Pulver aus Kohlenstoff besteht und mit Druckluft aufgewirbelt wird, entsteht bei der hohen Tempe ratur weitere Wärme durch die exothermische che mische Reaktion zwischen dem Kohlenstoff und dem Sauerstoff der Luft. Dabei wird Kohlenstoff ver braucht, der aber keine negative Widerstandscharak teristik hat und als positive Belastung wirkt.
Das zu erhitzende Metallstück wird in das auf gewirbelte Pulver in der Kammer eingetaucht und ebenso daraus entfernt. Infolgedessen ist der mecha nische Widerstand beim Einsenken klein und die Durchführung des Vorganges einfach und leicht. Wenn der zu erhitzende Gegenstand auch eine ganz unregelmässige Form hat, ist der Kontakt mit dem feinen, aufgewirbelten Pulver doch stets gleichmässig.
Wenn als elektrisch leitendes Pulver Kohlenstoff verwendet und Druckluft eingepresst wird, kann man die metallischen Gegenstände bis auf eine Tempe ratur von über 1000 C erhitzen. Benützt man anstelle von Luft ein inertes Gas zur Aufwirbelung des Pul vers, so kann man die Erhitzung bis auf etwa 1800 C steigern.
Die neue Vorrichtung kann auch zur Durchfüh rung von Sinterungsvorgängen herangezogen werden. Man kann bei Benutzung von Kohlenstoffpulver Auf- kohlungen vornehmen. Wenn man als Wirbelgas Am moniak verwendet, lässt sich mit der Vorrichtung Stahl nitrieren. Die Regelung der Temperatur ist so leicht, dass die Vorrichtung auch als thermostati- sches Bad dienen kann.
Bei Benutzung eines Kohlenstoffpulvers, das durch ein Sieb mit 150 Maschen auf 25 mm hindurchgegan gen war, von Kupferplatten mit einer Oberfläche von 50 cm2 als Elektroden im Abstand von 5 cm, von einer 30 mm dicken, porösen Flachziegelplatte als Zwischenboden, von Wechselstrom mit 100 Volt, 50 Perioden und einer Intensität von 100 Amp., und von Pressluft mit einem Druck von 7 kg; cm2, betrug die im Pulver erreichte Temperatur 1300 C. Die Wirksamkeit des aufgewirbelten Pulvers war um 40 1/o höher als bei fehlender Wirbeiung.
Wenn man Schmelztiegel in die Kammer einsetzt, z. B. einen Graphitschmelztiegel, ist es möglich, so gar Metallstücke zu schmelzen.
Electrical Heating Apparatus The present invention relates to an electrical heating apparatus.
The use of salt baths, resistance furnaces, electric arc furnaces, induction heating, particle heating, etc. has been proposed in known devices of this type. All of these facilities have disadvantages.
Salt is consumed in the salt baths. It sticks to the objects that have been heated. As a result, it is necessary to select the salt in each case, taking into account the type of object to be heated, and then adjust the heating temperature. If water drips into the hot bath, there is a risk of sudden, explosive evaporation and possibly decomposition of the bath. This method is therefore difficult to perform and high in cost.
Resistance furnaces use the generation of heat by the electrical resistance, so the thermal efficiency is low and the operation of the furnace is not easy.
The working temperature of electric arc furnaces is very high. They are difficult to control and the thermal efficiency is low.
Induction heating furnaces are expensive in their construction and electrical equipment and are difficult to operate.
There are now the stoves with particle heating. Carbon particles are used to generate heat. But it is not easy to put the items to be heated into the oven. The heating does not take place evenly and a resistor has to be provided to reduce the power in order to compensate for the negative resistance characteristic of carbon.
According to the invention, the new device comprises a chamber which contains an electrically conductive powder, has a microporous intermediate floor, has means to fluidize the powder by supplying a gas through the intermediate floor, and contains electrodes to supply an electric current through the powder to be fluidized send.
The inventive device for electrical heating allows a relatively high level of heating, but the temperature can be controlled easily and the control range is large.
The operation of the device is simple and involves only low costs.
In the new device, a metallic object can be heated evenly even if it has an irregular shape.
The microporous intermediate floor can, for example, consist of a flat tile plate that allows any gas to pass through, but not the electrically conductive powder. The powder can be carbon powder or a semiconductor powder, such as silicon carbide, which allows sufficient current to pass. The grain size of the powder depends on its specific gravity and other physical properties of the material from which the powder is made. It must be suitable for being whirled up.
For carbon powder, it is advisable to have a grain size in which the powder passes through a sieve of 100 to 150 meshes per 25 mm. The gas pressure for whirling up the powder depends on the thickness and porosity of the intermediate floor. When using air, a pressure of 4-10 kg / cm2 can be advantageous. Instead of air, nitrogen or another inert gas can be used, especially if oxidation is to be avoided.
The shape of the electrodes is advantageously chosen so that the current density is distributed as evenly as possible in the chamber. The flow of current can also be influenced by auxiliary electrodes. The applied electrical current can be alternating current of any frequency, but also direct current.
An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.
The figure shows a vertical section through an embodiment of a device for heating. 1 is the vortex chamber for heating Me tall pieces. 2 denotes the bed of the electrically conductive powder fluidized in the chamber 1. 3 and 4 are electrodes immersed in bed 2 of the fluidizing powder. At 6, the microporous intermediate floor can be seen, which is set in the chamber 1. It lets gases through, but not powder. 7 is the inlet for pressurized gas at the bottom of chamber 1.
When a pressurized gas source is connected at 7, the gas flows in the direction of the arrows into the chamber 1 and swirls up the powder contained therein. The piece of metal to be heated is not drawn. It is immersed in the fluidized bed 2 between the two electrodes 3 and 4. In the vortex state, the powder floats and its particles come into contact with each other, and then out of contact again, as in a molecular movement.
As soon as a power source is applied to the electrodes, a current flows through the whirled powder mass. As a result, the powder mass generates heat and the piece of metal sunk between the electrodes is heated.
The exothermic process can be understood as follows: The causes of the heating are to be found in the Joule heat, which is caused by the resistance in the powder itself, as well as in the contact resistance between the powder particles. If the powder consists of carbon and is whirled up with compressed air, further heat is generated at the high temperature due to the exothermic chemical reaction between the carbon and the oxygen in the air. This consumes carbon, but it has no negative resistance characteristics and acts as a positive load.
The piece of metal to be heated is immersed in the fluidized powder in the chamber and also removed therefrom. As a result, the mechanical resistance when sinking is small and the implementation of the process simple and easy. Even if the object to be heated has a completely irregular shape, the contact with the fine, whirled up powder is always uniform.
If carbon is used as the electrically conductive powder and compressed air is pressed in, the metallic objects can be heated up to a temperature of over 1000 C. If, instead of air, an inert gas is used to whirl up the powder, the heating can be increased to around 1800 C.
The new device can also be used to carry out sintering processes. Carburization can be carried out using carbon powder. If ammonia is used as the fluidizing gas, the device can be used to nitride steel. The regulation of the temperature is so easy that the device can also serve as a thermostatic bath.
When using a carbon powder that had passed through a sieve with 150 mesh to 25 mm, copper plates with a surface of 50 cm2 as electrodes at a distance of 5 cm, from a 30 mm thick, porous flat tile plate as intermediate floor, alternating current with 100 Volts, 50 periods and an intensity of 100 amps, and of compressed air with a pressure of 7 kg; cm2, the temperature reached in the powder was 1300 C. The effectiveness of the fluidized powder was 40 1 / o higher than when there was no fluidization.
When inserting crucibles into the chamber, e.g. B. a graphite crucible, it is possible to melt pieces of metal.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1353159 | 1959-04-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CH381778A true CH381778A (en) | 1964-09-15 |
Family
ID=11835728
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH341860A CH381778A (en) | 1959-04-27 | 1960-03-26 | Device for electrical heating |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3025385A (en) |
AT (1) | AT219735B (en) |
BE (1) | BE589173A (en) |
CH (1) | CH381778A (en) |
DE (2) | DE1801748U (en) |
FR (1) | FR1233467A (en) |
GB (1) | GB885607A (en) |
NL (2) | NL121306C (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3136836A (en) * | 1960-12-08 | 1964-06-09 | Kokusai Electric Co Ltd | Fluid powder electric furnace |
US3137781A (en) * | 1960-12-17 | 1964-06-16 | Kokusai Electric Co Ltd | Fluid-motion powder, electric bath furnace |
US3184530A (en) * | 1961-03-04 | 1965-05-18 | Properzi Ilario | Process for the melting of metals, for example copper, and an electric furnace for the performance of said process |
US3183293A (en) * | 1961-08-11 | 1965-05-11 | Ling Temco Vought Inc | Electric furnace |
NL273415A (en) * | 1962-01-10 | |||
US3305661A (en) * | 1964-02-03 | 1967-02-21 | Shawinigan Chem Ltd | Operation of electrically heated fluidized beds |
US3448234A (en) * | 1966-08-31 | 1969-06-03 | Battelle Development Corp | Electrical resistivity control of fluidized beds |
US3510563A (en) * | 1968-05-03 | 1970-05-05 | Kelsey Hayes Co | Chip drying method and apparatus |
US3652426A (en) * | 1969-10-06 | 1972-03-28 | Marathon Oil Co | Process and apparatus for removal of volatile matter by electrical resistance heating |
US3749805A (en) * | 1971-11-26 | 1973-07-31 | Sola Basic Ind Inc | Fluid bed furnace |
EP0001118B1 (en) * | 1977-09-08 | 1981-12-02 | National Research Development Corporation | Electric contact device |
US5188649A (en) * | 1991-08-07 | 1993-02-23 | Pedro Buarque de Macedo | Process for vitrifying asbestos containing waste, infectious waste, toxic materials and radioactive waste |
US5678236A (en) * | 1996-01-23 | 1997-10-14 | Pedro Buarque De Macedo | Method and apparatus for eliminating volatiles or airborne entrainments when vitrifying radioactive and/or hazardous waste |
US7327951B2 (en) * | 2005-04-21 | 2008-02-05 | Ivanhoe Chaput | Instant water heater with PTC plastic conductive electrodes |
DE102007035200A1 (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2008-02-07 | Venta-Luftwäscher GmbH | Device for the treatment of water for an atomizer or evaporator, comprises two ceramic electrodes, which are alternatively applied as anode and as cathode on a plus pole and/or a minus pole of a current source, and a container |
US10314112B2 (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2019-06-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By Secretary Of The Navy | Self-regulating packed-powder resistive heater |
EP4108739A1 (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2022-12-28 | TotalEnergies OneTech | Process for the incorporation of co2 into hydrocarbons |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US441401A (en) * | 1890-11-25 | Mark w | ||
US749418A (en) * | 1904-01-12 | Method of making carbon articles | ||
FR689165A (en) * | 1930-01-31 | 1930-09-03 | Method of heating metals and other electrically conductive bodies, with a view to fusion, welding, incandescence, etc. | |
DE941089C (en) * | 1954-04-20 | 1956-08-02 | Walter Dr-Ing Reinecken | Contact device for the supply of electrical currents to moving, metallic profile material |
-
1959
- 1959-08-26 FR FR803582A patent/FR1233467A/en not_active Expired
- 1959-10-05 GB GB33723/59A patent/GB885607A/en not_active Expired
- 1959-10-19 US US847372A patent/US3025385A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1959-10-20 DE DET11172U patent/DE1801748U/en not_active Expired
- 1959-10-20 DE DET17365A patent/DE1180385B/en active Pending
-
1960
- 1960-03-26 CH CH341860A patent/CH381778A/en unknown
- 1960-03-29 BE BE589173A patent/BE589173A/en unknown
- 1960-03-30 AT AT243760A patent/AT219735B/en active
- 1960-04-23 NL NL250808A patent/NL121306C/xx active
- 1960-04-23 NL NL250808D patent/NL250808A/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE1801748U (en) | 1959-12-10 |
NL250808A (en) | 1966-05-16 |
NL121306C (en) | 1966-05-16 |
US3025385A (en) | 1962-03-13 |
GB885607A (en) | 1961-12-28 |
DE1180385B (en) | 1964-10-29 |
BE589173A (en) | 1960-07-18 |
FR1233467A (en) | 1960-10-12 |
AT219735B (en) | 1962-02-12 |
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