AT219735B - Device for heating objects by means of electric current - Google Patents
Device for heating objects by means of electric currentInfo
- Publication number
- AT219735B AT219735B AT243760A AT243760A AT219735B AT 219735 B AT219735 B AT 219735B AT 243760 A AT243760 A AT 243760A AT 243760 A AT243760 A AT 243760A AT 219735 B AT219735 B AT 219735B
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- electric current
- powder
- gas
- heating objects
- current
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012229 microporous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/60—Heating arrangements wherein the heating current flows through granular powdered or fluid material, e.g. for salt-bath furnace, electrolytic heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
- B01J8/42—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed subjected to electric current or to radiations this sub-group includes the fluidised bed subjected to electric or magnetic fields
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/40—Direct resistance heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
- C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D13/00—Heat-exchange apparatus using a fluidised bed
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
Description
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Vorrichtung zum Aufheizen von Gegenständen mittels elektrischen
Stromes
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zum Aufheizen von Gegenständen mittels elektrischen Stromes, bestehend aus einem mit durch eine aufsteigende Gasströmung aufgewirbelten Pulver angefüllten Behälter.
Eine Vorrichtung ähnlicher Art wird in der französischen Patentschrift Nr. 1. 171. 035 beschrieben. Hier wird das Schwebebett durch Feststoffteilchen gebildet, die mittels eines Trägergases durch die Erhitzungs- kammer geführt werden. Es ist auch möglich, das im Raum des Bettes befindliche Einschlussgas von aussen zu erwärmen, wodurch das eingeschlossene Gas einer selbständigen Strömung unterworfen wird, wobei die leichten Festteilchen von der Strömung mitgerissen werden. Auf diese Weise werden die Teilchen nur durch die dem Gas innewohnende Wärmebewegung getragen.
Dem erstgenanntenLösungsvorschlag haftet der Nachteil an, dass dieMitführung derFestkörperteilchen im Trägergasstrom einen aufwendigen Mechanismus erforderlich macht. Im zweiten Fall ist die Gasströmung völlig willkürlich und damit die Bewegung der Teilchen. Dies führt jedoch zu einer unreelmässigen Aufheizung des zu erwärmenden Körpers.
Diese Nachteile werden dadurch vermieden, dass zur Einführung des das Pulver in Schwebezustand setzenden Gases in Bodennähe des Behälters eine in diesen Behälter eingepasste, mikroporöse, gasdurchlässige Platte vorgesehen ist.
Zweckmässig ist es, als stromleitendes Pulver Kohlepulver zu verwenden, wenngleich auch andere strom- oder halbstromleitende Pulver Verwendung finden können, beispielsweise Karbonsilikatpulver. Die Korngrösse des Pulvers wird durch die spezifische Schwere und andere physikalische Eigenschaften des pulvrigen Materials bestimmt, muss aber zur Fluidization geeignet sein. Es empfiehlt sich, beispielsweise bei Verwendung von Kohlepulver, eine Korngrösse von 100 - 150 Maschen. Die aus mikroporösem Werkstoff gefertigte Platte kann aus einer porösen Kachelplatte bestehen, die ihrer Natur nach Gas durchlässt, jedoch kein stromleitendes Pulver. Der zu verwendende Gasdruck zum In-Bewegung-Versetzen des stromleitenden
EMI1.1
wenden, um eine Oxydation der aufzuheizenden Werkstücke zu vermeiden.
Die Elektroden werden zweckmässigerweise so gestaltet, dass die Stromdichte in der Kammer so gleichmässig wie möglich ist. Der Stromfluss kann dadurch verbessert oder erhöht werden, dass zusätzlich zu den Hauptelektroden Hilfselektroden verwendet werden. Als Strom kann sowohl Wechselstrom beliebiger Frequenz als auch Gleichstrom benutzt werden.
Die Neuerung wird an Hand eines Ausführungsbeispieles schematisch erläutert. Die Zeichnung zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch eine Heizvorrichtung gemäss der Neuerung. Mit 1 ist der Behälter bezeichnet, in dem das halbstromleitende bzw. stromleitende Pulver 2 untergebracht ist. Mit 3 und 4 sind die in das Pulver 2 eingetauchten Elektroden bezeichnet, die von der mit 5 bezeichneten Kraftquelle mit Strom versorgt werden. Von der gleichen Quelle können auch Hilfselektroden versorgt werden. Die mikroporöse Platte 6 ist in der Nähe des Bodens des Behälters 1 eingepasst. Die Platte lässt infolge ihres inneren Aufbaues Luft leicht hindurch, jedoch kein stromleitendes Pulver. Mit 7 ist ein der Gaszufuhr dienender Stutzen bezeichnet.
<Desc/Clms Page number 2>
EMI2.1
<Desc / Clms Page number 1>
Device for heating objects by means of electrical
Current
The invention relates to a device for heating objects by means of electric current, consisting of a container filled with powder that is whirled up by an ascending gas flow.
A device of a similar type is described in French patent specification no. 1,171,035. Here the floating bed is formed by solid particles that are guided through the heating chamber by means of a carrier gas. It is also possible to heat the confinement gas located in the space of the bed from the outside, as a result of which the enclosed gas is subjected to an independent flow, the light solid particles being entrained by the flow. In this way, the particles are only carried by the thermal movement inherent in the gas.
The first-mentioned proposed solution has the disadvantage that the entrainment of the solid particles in the carrier gas flow requires a complex mechanism. In the second case the gas flow is completely arbitrary and with it the movement of the particles. However, this leads to irregular heating of the body to be heated.
These disadvantages are avoided in that a microporous, gas-permeable plate fitted into this container is provided for the introduction of the gas that sets the powder in suspension near the bottom of the container.
It is useful to use carbon powder as the conductive powder, although other conductive or semi-conductive powders can also be used, for example carbon silicate powder. The grain size of the powder is determined by the specific gravity and other physical properties of the powdery material, but must be suitable for fluidization. It is recommended, for example when using carbon powder, a grain size of 100 - 150 mesh. The plate made of microporous material can consist of a porous tile plate, which by its nature allows gas to pass through, but not an electrically conductive powder. The gas pressure to be used to set the electrically conductive
EMI1.1
to avoid oxidation of the workpieces to be heated.
The electrodes are expediently designed so that the current density in the chamber is as uniform as possible. The current flow can be improved or increased in that auxiliary electrodes are used in addition to the main electrodes. Both alternating current of any frequency and direct current can be used as current.
The innovation is explained schematically using an exemplary embodiment. The drawing shows a longitudinal section through a heating device according to the innovation. 1 with the container is designated in which the semi-conductive or conductive powder 2 is housed. 3 and 4 designate the electrodes immersed in the powder 2, which are supplied with current from the power source designated 5. Auxiliary electrodes can also be supplied from the same source. The microporous plate 6 is fitted near the bottom of the container 1. Due to its internal structure, the plate allows air to pass through easily, but no electrically conductive powder. With a 7 serving for the gas supply nozzle is designated.
<Desc / Clms Page number 2>
EMI2.1
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1353159 | 1959-04-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
AT219735B true AT219735B (en) | 1962-02-12 |
Family
ID=11835728
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AT243760A AT219735B (en) | 1959-04-27 | 1960-03-30 | Device for heating objects by means of electric current |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3025385A (en) |
AT (1) | AT219735B (en) |
BE (1) | BE589173A (en) |
CH (1) | CH381778A (en) |
DE (2) | DE1180385B (en) |
FR (1) | FR1233467A (en) |
GB (1) | GB885607A (en) |
NL (2) | NL121306C (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3136836A (en) * | 1960-12-08 | 1964-06-09 | Kokusai Electric Co Ltd | Fluid powder electric furnace |
US3137781A (en) * | 1960-12-17 | 1964-06-16 | Kokusai Electric Co Ltd | Fluid-motion powder, electric bath furnace |
US3184530A (en) * | 1961-03-04 | 1965-05-18 | Properzi Ilario | Process for the melting of metals, for example copper, and an electric furnace for the performance of said process |
US3183293A (en) * | 1961-08-11 | 1965-05-11 | Ling Temco Vought Inc | Electric furnace |
NL273415A (en) * | 1962-01-10 | |||
US3305661A (en) * | 1964-02-03 | 1967-02-21 | Shawinigan Chem Ltd | Operation of electrically heated fluidized beds |
US3448234A (en) * | 1966-08-31 | 1969-06-03 | Battelle Development Corp | Electrical resistivity control of fluidized beds |
US3510563A (en) * | 1968-05-03 | 1970-05-05 | Kelsey Hayes Co | Chip drying method and apparatus |
US3652426A (en) * | 1969-10-06 | 1972-03-28 | Marathon Oil Co | Process and apparatus for removal of volatile matter by electrical resistance heating |
US3749805A (en) * | 1971-11-26 | 1973-07-31 | Sola Basic Ind Inc | Fluid bed furnace |
DE2861409D1 (en) * | 1977-09-08 | 1982-01-28 | Nat Res Dev | Electric contact device |
US5188649A (en) * | 1991-08-07 | 1993-02-23 | Pedro Buarque de Macedo | Process for vitrifying asbestos containing waste, infectious waste, toxic materials and radioactive waste |
US5678236A (en) * | 1996-01-23 | 1997-10-14 | Pedro Buarque De Macedo | Method and apparatus for eliminating volatiles or airborne entrainments when vitrifying radioactive and/or hazardous waste |
US7327951B2 (en) * | 2005-04-21 | 2008-02-05 | Ivanhoe Chaput | Instant water heater with PTC plastic conductive electrodes |
DE102007035200A1 (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2008-02-07 | Venta-Luftwäscher GmbH | Device for the treatment of water for an atomizer or evaporator, comprises two ceramic electrodes, which are alternatively applied as anode and as cathode on a plus pole and/or a minus pole of a current source, and a container |
US10314112B2 (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2019-06-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By Secretary Of The Navy | Self-regulating packed-powder resistive heater |
EP4108739A1 (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2022-12-28 | TotalEnergies OneTech | Process for the incorporation of co2 into hydrocarbons |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US441401A (en) * | 1890-11-25 | Mark w | ||
US749418A (en) * | 1904-01-12 | Method of making carbon articles | ||
FR689165A (en) * | 1930-01-31 | 1930-09-03 | Method of heating metals and other electrically conductive bodies, with a view to fusion, welding, incandescence, etc. | |
DE941089C (en) * | 1954-04-20 | 1956-08-02 | Walter Dr-Ing Reinecken | Contact device for the supply of electrical currents to moving, metallic profile material |
-
1959
- 1959-08-26 FR FR803582A patent/FR1233467A/en not_active Expired
- 1959-10-05 GB GB33723/59A patent/GB885607A/en not_active Expired
- 1959-10-19 US US847372A patent/US3025385A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1959-10-20 DE DET17365A patent/DE1180385B/en active Pending
- 1959-10-20 DE DET11172U patent/DE1801748U/en not_active Expired
-
1960
- 1960-03-26 CH CH341860A patent/CH381778A/en unknown
- 1960-03-29 BE BE589173A patent/BE589173A/en unknown
- 1960-03-30 AT AT243760A patent/AT219735B/en active
- 1960-04-23 NL NL250808A patent/NL121306C/xx active
- 1960-04-23 NL NL250808D patent/NL250808A/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE589173A (en) | 1960-07-18 |
NL121306C (en) | 1966-05-16 |
GB885607A (en) | 1961-12-28 |
DE1801748U (en) | 1959-12-10 |
FR1233467A (en) | 1960-10-12 |
CH381778A (en) | 1964-09-15 |
US3025385A (en) | 1962-03-13 |
DE1180385B (en) | 1964-10-29 |
NL250808A (en) | 1966-05-16 |
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