CH135211A - Method for reducing the overvoltage in electrolytic cells for water decomposition. - Google Patents

Method for reducing the overvoltage in electrolytic cells for water decomposition.

Info

Publication number
CH135211A
CH135211A CH135211DA CH135211A CH 135211 A CH135211 A CH 135211A CH 135211D A CH135211D A CH 135211DA CH 135211 A CH135211 A CH 135211A
Authority
CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
overvoltage
reducing
electrolytic cells
finely divided
iron
Prior art date
Application number
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Vogel August
Original Assignee
Vogel August
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vogel August filed Critical Vogel August
Publication of CH135211A publication Critical patent/CH135211A/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/50—Processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Description

  

      Verfahren    zur Verminderung der     Überspannung    bei     elektrolytischen    Zellen  zur Wasserzersetzung.    Bei elektrolytischen Zellen zur Wasser  zersetzung tritt regelmässig die Erscheinung  auf, dass die Zellenspannung beim Dauer  betrieb wesentlich höher liegt als es der zu  leistenden chemischen Arbeit entsprechen  würde. Diese als Überspannung bezeichnete  Erscheinung bedeutet insofern einen wirt  schaftlichen Nachteil, als dadurch ein Mehr  aufwand an elektrischer Energie zur Erzeu  gung des Wasserstoffes     bezw.    zur Trennung  der Wasserbestandteile bedingt wird.  



  Vorliegende Erfindung bewirkt eine Ver  minderung der Überspannung und damit eine  Ersparnis an elektrischer Energie und be  steht darin, die Kathode der Zelle mit einer  Schicht feinzerteiltem Material zu versehen,  welches wenigstens teilweise aus einem nicht  edler) Metall besteht, vorzugsweise aus Eisen,  Nickel, Kobalt, Chrom oder aus Eisenoxyd  oder     Eisenhydroxyd.    Dieser Belag kann z. B.

    in der Weise gebildet werden, dass man das    betreffende Material in feiner Verteilung in  den Elektrolyten einbringt, sofern sich dieses  darin während des Stromdurchganges     elektro-          phoretisch    auf der Kathode niederschlägt,  wie dies bei     Bredigscher        Kolloid-Eisenlösung     oder bei     Eisenhydroxyd    der Fall 'ist. Man  kann auch das     Belagmaterial    in der Zelle  selbst bilden, beispielsweise dann, wenn die  Kathode aus Eisen und die Anode aus Nickel  besteht. Zu diesem Zweck wird die Strom  richtung umgekehrt, der Strom tritt also  durch die Eisenelektrode ein und an der  Nickelelektrode aus.

   Dabei wird, bei Ver  wendung starker Kalilauge als Elektrolyt  das Eisen der normalerweise als Kathode  wirkenden Elektrode teilweise gelöst und,  nachdem beispielsweise 3 bis 4 Stunden mit  einer Stromdichte von 10     Amp./dm2    in dieser  Weise gearbeitet worden ist, wird die Strom  richtung wieder umgekehrt und das gelöste  Eisen schlägt sich in fein zerteilter Form      wieder au der Kathode nieder. An Stelle  von feinzerteiltem Eisen können, wie gesagt,  auch Nickel, Kobalt oder Chrom in fein zer  teiltem Zustande treten.



      Method for reducing the overvoltage in electrolytic cells for water decomposition. In electrolytic cells for the decomposition of water, the phenomenon regularly occurs that the cell voltage during continuous operation is significantly higher than it would correspond to the chemical work to be performed. This phenomenon, known as overvoltage, means an economic disadvantage, as it requires more electrical energy to generate hydrogen. to separate the water components.



  The present invention reduces the overvoltage and thus saves electrical energy and is to provide the cathode of the cell with a layer of finely divided material, which at least partially consists of a non-noble metal, preferably iron, nickel, cobalt , Chromium or from iron oxide or iron hydroxide. This coating can, for. B.

    be formed in such a way that the material in question is introduced into the electrolyte in fine distribution, provided that it is electrophoretically deposited on the cathode during the passage of current, as is the case with Bredig's colloidal iron solution or iron hydroxide. The coating material can also be formed in the cell itself, for example when the cathode is made of iron and the anode is made of nickel. For this purpose, the direction of the current is reversed, so the current enters through the iron electrode and exits the nickel electrode.

   When using strong potassium hydroxide as the electrolyte, the iron of the electrode, which normally acts as a cathode, is partially dissolved and, after having worked in this way for 3 to 4 hours with a current density of 10 Amp./dm2, the current direction is reversed again and the dissolved iron is deposited again on the cathode in finely divided form. In place of finely divided iron, as said, nickel, cobalt or chromium can also be used in finely divided states.

Claims (1)

PATENTANSPRUCH: Verfahren zur Verminderung der Über spannung bei elektrolytischen Zellen zur Wasserzersetzung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kathode mit einem Belag von fein zerteiltem Material versehen wird, welches mindestens zum Teil aus einem unedlen Metall besteht. UNTERANSPRüCHE 1. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Material minde- stens zum Teil au; einem Element der Eisentriade besteht. 2. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bildung des Be lages in der Zelle bewirkt wird, und zwar durch Zusatz des ausserhalb der Zelle in feinverteilte Form gebrachten Materials zum Elektrolyten. 3. PATENT CLAIM: Process for reducing the overvoltage in electrolytic cells for the decomposition of water, characterized in that the cathode is provided with a coating of finely divided material, which consists at least partly of a base metal. SUBClaims 1. Method according to patent claim, characterized in that the material is at least partially au; an element of the iron triad. 2. The method according to claim, characterized in that the formation of the Be layer is brought about in the cell, namely by adding the material brought into finely divided form outside the cell to the electrolyte. 3. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das feinverteilte Ma terial in der Zelle durch Umkehrung der Stromrichtung gebildet wird und bei der Rückkehr zu der normalen Stromrichtung auf der Kathode niedergeschlagen wird. Method according to patent claim, characterized in that the finely divided material is formed in the cell by reversing the direction of the current and is deposited on the cathode when the current direction returns.
CH135211D 1927-06-14 1928-06-12 Method for reducing the overvoltage in electrolytic cells for water decomposition. CH135211A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE135211X 1927-06-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CH135211A true CH135211A (en) 1929-09-15

Family

ID=5665848

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CH135211D CH135211A (en) 1927-06-14 1928-06-12 Method for reducing the overvoltage in electrolytic cells for water decomposition.

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CH (1) CH135211A (en)
SE (1) SE71310C1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3272728A (en) * 1960-10-07 1966-09-13 Pintsch Bamag Ag Method of producing activated electrodes

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3272728A (en) * 1960-10-07 1966-09-13 Pintsch Bamag Ag Method of producing activated electrodes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE71310C1 (en) 1931-03-10

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