CH123741A - Process for the production of highly viscous products. - Google Patents
Process for the production of highly viscous products.Info
- Publication number
- CH123741A CH123741A CH123741DA CH123741A CH 123741 A CH123741 A CH 123741A CH 123741D A CH123741D A CH 123741DA CH 123741 A CH123741 A CH 123741A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- heating
- production
- oils
- highly viscous
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002496 iodine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/082—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type monocarboxylic
Landscapes
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochviskosen Produkten. Die hochwertigsten Schmiermittel werden aus Gemischen von Mineralölen und fetten Ölen erzeugt, wobei der Schmiermitteltechnik als Ziel die Aufgabe vorschwebt, solche Mi schungen herzustellen, die bei einem Minimum des Gehaltes an fetten Ölen ein Maximum der Viskosität und Schmierfähigkeit, insbeson dere auch bei hohen Temperaturen, aufwei sen, dabei beständig, nicht autoxyd@abel und praktisch neutral sind.
Der Gehalt des Schmiermittels an fetten Ölen hat jedoch nicht nur Vorteile, sondern auch Nachteile: Das fette Öl ist chemisch angreifbarer als das Mineralöl; es enthält mindestens geringe Mengen von freien Säuren, und es werden, wenn Bedingungen für eine Spaltung des Fet tes gegeben sind, freie Säuren nachgebildet, ferner enthält jedes fette Öl ungesättigte Ver bindungen die autoxydabel sind, das heisst durch den Luftsauerstoff zu sauren, harzar tigen, also schädlichen Produkten, oxydiert werden; weiter sind,' die fetten Öle wesent lich teurer als Mineralöle, so dass.ein grosser Zusatz unwirtschaftlich ist;
schliesslich zei gen Mischungen von Mineralölen mit gebla- senen Ölen auch eine, mit dem Gehalt auf fettem Öle steigende Neigung zum Ent mischen. Aus allen diesen Gründen ergab sich für die einschlägige Technik das Bestre ben, ,die geblasenen Öle durch noch dickflüs sigere, in Mineralölen leicht lösliche Produkte zu ersetzen.
Die bisher bekannten aus Leinöl usw. her gestellten Dick- oder Standöle sind auch zur Herstellung von Schmierölen vollkommen ungeeignet, nicht nur wegen ihrer zu gerin gen Viskosität und Ausgiebigkeit, sondern vor allem wegen ihres Gehaltes an mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren, auf dem eben ihre trocknenden Eigenschaften beruhen.
Den Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfin dung bildet ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochviskosen fetten Ölen, die als Zusätze zur Erhöhungi der Viskosität von Mineralölen diese Anforderungen vollkommen zu befrie digen vermögen. Ein linol- und linolen- säurehaItige!s <B>01</B> wird durch Erhitzen auf Temperaturen über 200 unter Ausschluss von Oxydationsvorgängen so lange polymerisiert, bis die mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren aus dem Öl verschwunden sind, wobei jedoch die Erhitzung unterbrochen wird, bevor das verdickte Öl seine Löslichkeit in Mineralölen eingebüsst hat.
Diese nicht trocknenden Pro dukte werden erst unlöslich, wenn die Er hitzung bis zur Koagulation des verdickten Öls fortgesetzt wird. Schon vorher gelingt es aber, die mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäu ren, offenbar dadurch, dass an der Binde stelle der ungesättigten Kohlenstoffatome, Polymerisation erfolgt, vollkommen zu be seitigen, was sich durch Bestimmung der in- nern Jodzahl scharf nachweisen lässt, indem diese Jodzahl durch die fortgesetzte Er hitzung des Leinöls bis 90 sinkt.
(Unter in nerer Jodzahl versteht man die Jodzahl der nach Abtrennung der festen Fettsäuren zu rückbleibenden flüssigen Fettsäuren eines rette). Die Erfindung fusst also auf der theoretischen Erkenntnis, dass durch die fort gesetzte Polymerisation des trocknenden Öls vor dem Eintreten des Unlöslichwerdens in Mineralölen ein Zwischenzustand erreichbar ist, in welchem die mehrfach ungesättigten Säuren den Charakter von nicht trocknenden Ölen angenommen haben.
Die in dieser Weise hergestellten Produkte sind im Gegensatz zu den durch Blasen verdickten Ölen praktisch neutral, sie sind ferner nicht mehr autoxy- dabel, von einer ganz ausserordentlichen Zähigkeit, aber in Mineralölen leicht und dauernd löslich. Die chara.kteristischesteEigen- schaft ist die enorme Viskosität, welche die Produkte selbst bei hohen Temperaturen zeigen.
<I>Beispiele:</I> 1. Linol- und linolensäurehaltiges Öl wird unter Rühren bei Luftausschluss auf 70 bis 350 erhitzt, bis die innere Jodzahl auf 90 gefallen ist.
2. Linol- und linolensäurehaltiges Öl wird unter Ausschluss von Luft auf 270 bis <B>350'</B> erhitzt, wobei während des Prozesses Kohlenwasserstoffe zugesetzt werden. Das Erhitzen auf obige Temperatur wird solange fortgesetzt, bis die innere Jodzahl auf 90 ge fallen ist.
3. Linol- und linolensäurehaltiges Öl wird unter Rühren bei Luftabschluss auf \? 70 bis 350 erhitzt, bis die innere Jodzahl auf 90 gefallen ist. Das Reaktionsprodukt wird auf zirka. 120 abgekühlt und soviel Kohlen wasserstoffe zugesetzt, dass das Cremiseh bei 100 noch leicht fliesst.
. Die. Reaktion kann auch bei Temperaturen unter 270 durchgeführt werden. Das Krite rium der Dauer der Reaktion ist das Errei chen der innern Jodzahl von 90.
Process for the production of highly viscous products. The highest quality lubricants are produced from mixtures of mineral oils and fatty oils, whereby the objective of lubricant technology is to produce such mixtures that achieve maximum viscosity and lubricity with a minimum of fatty oils, especially at high temperatures, show, are resistant, not autoxid @ abel and practically neutral.
The fatty oil content of the lubricant has not only advantages, but also disadvantages: the fatty oil is more chemically attackable than the mineral oil; It contains at least small amounts of free acids, and free acids are reproduced if the conditions for splitting the fat are given; furthermore, every fatty oil contains unsaturated compounds which are autoxidizable, i.e. they become acidic and resinous due to the oxygen in the air , i.e. harmful products, are oxidized; Furthermore, the fatty oils are significantly more expensive than mineral oils, so that a large addition is uneconomical;
Finally, mixtures of mineral oils with blown oils also show a tendency to segregate, which increases with the content of fatty oils. For all of these reasons, there was a desire ben for the relevant technology to replace the blown oils with even more viscous, easily soluble products in mineral oils.
The previously known thick or stand oils made from linseed oil, etc., are also completely unsuitable for the production of lubricating oils, not only because of their too low viscosity and abundance, but mainly because of their polyunsaturated fatty acid content, on which their drying properties are based.
The subject of the present invention is a process for the production of highly viscous fatty oils which, as additives to increase the viscosity of mineral oils, are able to completely satisfy these requirements. A linoleic and linolenic acid-containing! S <B> 01 </B> is polymerized by heating to temperatures above 200 with exclusion of oxidation processes until the polyunsaturated fatty acids have disappeared from the oil, but the heating is interrupted. before the thickened oil has lost its solubility in mineral oils.
These non-drying products only become insoluble if the heating is continued until the thickened oil coagulates. However, it is already possible to completely eliminate the polyunsaturated fatty acids, apparently by polymerizing at the point of attachment of the unsaturated carbon atoms, which can be clearly demonstrated by determining the internal iodine number by dividing this iodine number by the continued heating of the linseed oil to 90 drops.
(The lower iodine number is the iodine number of the liquid fatty acids remaining after the solid fatty acids have been separated off). The invention is thus based on the theoretical knowledge that, through the continued polymerization of the drying oil before it becomes insoluble in mineral oils, an intermediate state can be achieved in which the polyunsaturated acids have assumed the character of non-drying oils.
In contrast to the oils thickened by bubbles, the products produced in this way are practically neutral, they are also no longer autoxydable, have a very extraordinary viscosity, but are easily and permanently soluble in mineral oils. The most characteristic property is the enormous viscosity, which the products show even at high temperatures.
<I> Examples: </I> 1. Oil containing linoleic and linolenic acid is heated to 70 to 350 while stirring with exclusion of air, until the internal iodine number has fallen to 90.
2. Oil containing linoleic and linolenic acid is heated to 270 to <B> 350 '</B> with the exclusion of air, with hydrocarbons being added during the process. The heating to the above temperature is continued until the internal iodine number has fallen to 90 ge.
3. Oil containing linoleic and linolenic acid is heated to \? Heated 70 to 350 until the internal iodine number has dropped to 90. The reaction product is on approx. 120 cooled and enough hydrocarbons added that the cremiseh at 100 still flows easily.
. The. The reaction can also be carried out at temperatures below 270. The criterion for the duration of the reaction is the reaching of the internal iodine number of 90.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS123741X | 1925-04-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH123741A true CH123741A (en) | 1927-12-16 |
Family
ID=5449207
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH123741D CH123741A (en) | 1925-04-14 | 1926-04-09 | Process for the production of highly viscous products. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH123741A (en) |
-
1926
- 1926-04-09 CH CH123741D patent/CH123741A/en unknown
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