CA3089976A1 - Solution for improving cold or frost resistance of fruit tree and use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and provides a solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree, having active components including two or more of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, algin foliar fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The solution has simple preparations, low cost, and remarkable cold or frost resisting effects on fruit trees, and can effectively prevent a fruit tree from cold or frost damage due to cold weather, thereby having a promising prospect in a wide range of applications.

Description

SOLUTION FOR IMPROVING COLD OR FROST RESISTANCE OF FRUIT TREE AND
USE THEREOF
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and specifically relates to a solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree and use thereof in preventing cold or frost damage to a fruit tree.
BACKGROUND
In regions with subtropical humid monsoon climates, especially in southeastern coastal areas of southern China, temperature is variable and can vary greatly from day to night. Especially in recent years, the temperature often drops suddenly and sharply in winter, and even drops to an extremely low temperature below 0 C, causing cold or frost damage to subtropical fruit trees such as Dimocarpus longan Lour., Litchi chinensis Sonn. and Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., and thus causing serious economic losses.
Such subtropical fruit trees have poor resistance to cold or frost. When the temperature is lower than 8 C, cell division is basically stopped to resist the stress by way of plant-specific transient dormancy. When the temperature is 4-8 C, There is slight frost damage. However, when a temperature below 5 C lasts for a long time, leaves are by damaged by frost with sporadic yellow signs, and young shoots, tender shoots, and even some mature branches can also be damaged or even frozen to death.
Measures for preventing frost damage to fruit trees mainly include: (1) covering and warming:
covering entire plants, especially some seedlings, with a plastic film, a sunshade net, a grass felt and the like in winter, and soil can also be added at the base to protect the root system, thereby avoiding direct contact of the plant with cold air, frost, fog, ice and the like. (2) Whitening trunks:
whitening of trunks is a very common antifreezing measure suitable for fruit trees in both south and north of China. With an effect of warming and preventing diseases and insects, the whitening is carried out on a trunk instead of a whole tree. Especially, the branches above a frame should not be whitened, or photosynthesis will be affected, producing a side effect. A
preparation of the whitening agent is consisted of 10 parts of quicklime, 1 part of sulfur powder, 1 part of salt, 0.1 parts of vegetable oil, and 20 parts of water. (3) Smudging: when frost comes, a direct and effective method is to make a fire by burning dry firewood and then put on wet straws or the liker to generate heat and smoke with 4-5 fires/mu soil. But this method is not environmentally friendly, and is not allowed in some places. (4) Covering surface soil: covering soil between rows of fruit trees with straw, wheat straw, hay, corn stalk and the like can stop a cold wind from invading a root neck, and reduce evaporation of soil water to maintain moisture and increase temperature. (5) Date Recue/Date Received 2020-08-13 Physiological antifreeze measures: a base fertilizer should be applied as soon as possible. An organic fertilizer needs to be applied once on the roots after picking in the whole orchard to fully supplement nutrients and restore tree vigor as soon as possible, so that enough nutrients can be stored before frost to improve tree resistance to frost.
The measures above have a certain effect on prevention of frost damage to fruit trees, but effects are significantly different in different regions under different climatic conditions. Moreover, these measures require a lot of labor and time which cannot ensure quick protection of the fruit trees in the entire orchard when the temperature suddenly drops.
SUMMARY
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree which can quickly and easily prevent frost damage to a fruit tree. The solution should help resist cold or frost by quick application thereof to fruit trees in an entire orchard before a sudden drop of temperature.
To achieve the above objective, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
A solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree, having active components including two or more of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, algin foliar fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Further, the solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree includes the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, the algin foliar fertilizer, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water in a mass ratio of 1:(40-60):(40-60):(4x104-6x104). A preparation method thereof includes taking 1 part of pure diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 40-60 parts of algin foliar fertilizer and 40-60 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, adding 40,000-60,000 parts of water, stirring to complete dissolution.
Further, use of the solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree in preventing cold or frost damage to a fruit tree is provided.
A use method is that, when a weather forecast announces a future temperature of lower than 3-C, or 2-3 days before a cold wave, the solution is evenly sprayed on a whole tree body of the fruit tree, including branches and both sides of leaves and spraying can be repeated once every 5-6 days.
A spraying amount of the solution depends on size of the tree body, with 1.2-1.3 kg of the solution for each 3-year-old fruit tree, 2.0-2.5 kg of the solution for each 5-year-old fruit tree, and 4.5-5.5 kg of the solution for each 8-year-old fruit tree.
The fruit tree may be a subtropical fruit tree, including Citrus reticulata Blanco, Dimocarpus

2 Date Recue/Date Received 2020-08-13 longan Lour., Litchi chinensis Sonn., Musa nana Lour., Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. or Hylocereus undatus.
The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The present invention solves the problem that a fruit tree would be damaged at a continuous low temperature or an extremely low temperature, causing death of a tree body, or a weak tree body and thus resulting in a low yield in a following year and the like.
(2) The solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree has simple preparations, low cost, and remarkable cold or frost resisting effects for fruit trees.

(3) In addition to effectively preventing a fruit tree from damage due to frost and significantly reducing a death rate, the present invention can also enhance disease resistance of a plant and promote better overall growth of the plant with a high yield, thereby improving economic benefits.

(4) The solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree of the present invention is easy to use, and can be sprayed by a self-priming pesticide sprayer with an easy operation, a long spray distance and high efficiency, which reduces time and labor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a fruit tree without spraying a solution for improving cold or frost resistance which is affected by cold according to the detailed description.
Figure 2 shows a tree sprayed with the solution for improving cold or frost resistance according to the detailed description after a cold wave.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In order to describe the technical contents, the objectives to be achieved and effects of the technical solution in detail, the following detailed description is further provided with reference to specific examples and accompanying drawings.
Example 1 Fujian Province of China was a region with subtropical humid monsoon climate, where a temperature was variable and can vary greatly from day to night. Especially in recent years, the temperature often dropped suddenly and sharply in winter, and even dropped to an extremely low temperature. From 2016 to January and February of 2018, there were often continuous frost days at a low temperature, where the southeastern coastal area showed a lowest temperature of -1 C-3 C, and many inner mountainous areas showed a lowest temperature of below -4 C-10 C. Ice and snow did not melt for days, causing general cold or frost damage to subtropical evergreen fruit trees such as Dimocarpus longan Lour., Litchi chinensis Sonn. and Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.. The range and extent of the cold damage or the frost damage had exceeded those in previous years, causing serious economic losses.

Date Recue/Date Received 2020-08-13 At the beginning of 2016, the Huangtailinguo Speicial Cooperative in Yongchun County had a lowest temperature of -1 C in the mountainous area at night due to a sudden draft of cold air.
There was not enough time to take measures to prevent cold or frost, and as a result, more than 400 of the 2,000 fruit trees planted there were frozen to death, and up to 600 trees were seriously damaged, causing losses of more than 200 million RMB.
On February 3, 2018, the local weather bureau issued a warning that there would be a cold air on February 5-8 which is the strongest spring cold in 57 years, and a lowest temperature in the mountainous area at night was expected to be below -2 C.
In order to prevent the fruit trees from frozen, a solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree was prepared 2 days before the cold wave with a formula of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, algin foliar fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water in a mass ratio of 1:50:50:50,000. Specifically, 100 g of pure diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6), 5,000 g of algin foliar fertilizer and 5,000 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate were poured into a cement pond.

5,000 kg of water was added and well stirred until complete dissolution was achieved. 5,000 kg of the solution for improving cold or frost resistance was formed as shown in FIG. 1. In order to ensure that the solution for improving cold or frost resistance produced no precipitation and was mixed evenly, a water circulation mixer was added to the cement pond.
The solution for improving cold or frost resistance was introduced to a self-priming pesticide sprayer, and a water pipe in connection with a high pressure gun is connected to the outlet of the cement pond, to implement spraying. With a spray radius of 60 m and one person holding one gun, 1,750 kg of the solution for improving cold or frost resistance can be sprayed on about 1,000 fruit trees in 4 hours. With two persons and two guns, 3,500 kg of the solution for improving cold or frost resistance can be sprayed on about 2,000 fruit trees in 4 hours.
There were more than 1,800 subtropical evergreen fruit trees in the orchard (about 800 Litchi chinensis Sonn., about 600 Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., and about 400 Hylocereus undatus). With one person holding one gun, the whole orchard was sprayed with the solution for improving cold or frost resistance in 4 hours. On February 5-8, the cold air came. The highest temperature in the orchard during the day was 7 C and the lowest temperature at night was -2 C.
In that year, only 100 of the more than 1,800 fruit trees were frozen to death after the cold wave due to spray of this solution for improving cold or frost resistance. The death rate fell greatly from 35.0% without a protection measure to 5.0%. Moreover, the damage rate due to cold or frost and loss rate due to death were significantly lower for the fruit trees sprayed with the solution for improving cold or frost resistance compared with other measures for preventing cold or frost as shown in Table 1.

Date Recue/Date Received 2020-08-13 The freezing symptoms of the more than 100 fruit trees damaged by frost were significantly slighter than those in 2016, in which the bark and the xylem were not completely frozen to death, the degree of bark cracking was significantly reduced, and the leaves still looked a bit green. After the weather got warm, the survived fruit trees had new shoots in a short time and the tree bodies were restored, thereby avoiding various economic losses. The leaves of the fruit trees nearby which were not protected by this technique looked like burned, as the cells lost their swelling pressure, the tissues were soft, and the leaves turned brown. Even if remedial measures were taken, the death rate of the fruit trees was still up to 20-30%. A fruit tree without protective measures and a fruit tree sprayed with the solution for improving cold or frost resistance after the cold wave were shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 respectively.
Table 1 Investigation of cold resisting effects of different technical measures on young Litchi chinensis Sonn.
Cold resisting Number of Number of Number Number of Number Rate of Rate of measures plants plants of plants --cold -- of frost plants loss due investigated affected by and damaged damaged affected to death cold or frost seedlings by cold (%) died or frost (%) No measure 80 58 28 33 25 72.5 35.0 Spray with the 80 16 4 11 5 20.0 5.0 solution for improving cold or frost resistance Coverage with 80 46 23 28 18 57.5 28.7 grass Additional 80 42 22 26 16 52.5 27.5 application of base fertilizer Whitening of 80 36 18 21 15 45.0 22.5 trunks Smudging 80 34 18 20 14 42.5 22.5 Brushing with a 80 30 12 20 10 37.5 15.0 frost resistant agent for plants Example 2 A solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree was prepared with a formula of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, algin foliar fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water in a mass ratio of 1:40:60:40,000. Specifically, 100 g of pure diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6), 4,000 g of algin foliar fertilizer and 6,000 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate were poured into a Date Recue/Date Received 2020-08-13 cement pond. 4,000 kg of water was added and well stirred until complete dissolution was achieved. 4,000 kg of the solution was formed. In order to ensure that the solution produced no precipitation and was mixed evenly, a water circulation mixer was added to the cement pond.
The solution for improving cold or frost resistance was connected to a self-priming pesticide sprayer, and a water pipe in connection with a high pressure gun is connected to the outlet of the cement pond, to implement spraying.
When a weather forecast announced a future temperature of lower than 3-5 C, or 2-3 days before a cold wave, the solution was evenly sprayed on a whole tree body, including branches and both sides of leaves and when there was a continuous low temperature, spraying was repeated every 5-6 days. 1.2-1.3 kg of the solution for frost resistance was sprayed on each 3-year-old fruit tree, while 2.0-2.5 kg of the solution was sprayed on each 5-year-old fruit tree, and 4.5-5.5 kg of the solution was sprayed on each 8-year-old fruit tree.
Spray of the solution for improving cold or frost resistance effectively prevented the fruit trees from cold or frost damage.
Example 3 A solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree was prepared with a formula of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, algin foliar fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water in a mass ratio of 1:60:40:60,000. Specifically, 100 g of pure diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6),

6,000 g of algin foliar fertilizer and 4,000 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate were poured into a cement pond. 6,000 kg of water was added and well stirred until complete dissolution was achieved.6,000 kg of the solution for improving cold or frost resistance was formed. In order to ensure that the solution for improving cold or frost resistance produced no precipitation and was mixed evenly, a water circulation mixer was added to the cement pond.
The solution for improving cold or frost resistance was introduced to a self-priming pesticide sprayer, and a water pipe in connection with a high pressure gun is connected to the outlet of the cement pond, to implement spraying.
When a weather forecast announced a future temperature of lower than 3-5 C, or 2-3 days before a cold wave, the solution was evenly sprayed on a whole tree body, including branches and both sides of leaves and when there was a continuous low temperature, spraying was repeated every 5-6 days. 1.2-1.3 kg of the solution for frost resistance was sprayed on each 3-year-old fruit tree, while 2.0-2.5 kg of the solution was sprayed on each 5-year-old fruit tree, and 4.5-5.5 kg of the solution was sprayed on each 8-year-old fruit tree.
Spray of the solution for improving cold or frost resistance effectively prevented the fruit trees from cold or frost damage.

Date Recue/Date Received 2020-08-13 In summary, the solution for improving cold or frost resistance of the present invention can effectively prevent cold or frost damage to fruit trees and reduce economic losses in an orchard due to cold weather.
The fruit trees planted in the south, especially in Fujian Province, are subtropical evergreen fruit trees which are susceptible to cold or frost damage in winter. Fruit trees suitable for planting in the north are more cold tolerant and less susceptible to cold or frost damage, but this solution for improving cold or frost resistance of the present invention can also be used for protection.
It should be noted that although the above examples have been described herein, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Therefore, based on the innovative ideas of the present invention, variations and modifications of the examples described herein, or equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the description and drawings of the present invention, or direct or indirect application of the above technical solutions to other related technical fields are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

7 Date Recue/Date Received 2020-08-13

Claims (6)

What is claimed is:

1. A solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree, having active components comprising two or more of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, algin foliar fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

2. The solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree according to claim 1, wherein the solution has a formula of the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, the algin foliar fertilizer, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water in a mass ratio of 1:(40-60):(40-60):(4 x 104-6x 104).

3. Use of the solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree according to claim 1 or claim 2 in preventing cold or frost damage to a fruit tree.

4. The use of the solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree in preventing cold or frost damage to a fruit tree according to claim 3, wherein a use method is that, when a weather forecast announces a future temperature of lower than 3-5°C, or 2-3 days before a cold wave, the solution is evenly sprayed on a whole tree body of the fruit tree, comprising branches and both sides of leaves, and spraying can be repeated once every 5-6 days.

5. The use of the solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree in preventing cold or frost damage to a fruit tree according to claim 4, wherein a spraying amount of the solution depends on size of the tree body, with 1.2-1.3 kg of the solution for each 3-year-old fruit tree, 2.0-2.5 kg of the solution for each 5-year-old fruit tree, and 4.5-5.5 kg of the solution for each 8-year-old fruit tree.

6. The use of the solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree in preventing cold or frost damage to a fruit tree according to claim 4 or claim 5, wherein the fruit tree is a subtropical fruit tree, comprising Citrus reticulata Blanco, Dimocarpus longan Lour., Litchi chinensis Sonn., Musa nana Lour., Eriobotiya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. or Hylocereus undatus.