CA2810648C - Magnesium recovery method and magnesium recovery apparatus - Google Patents
Magnesium recovery method and magnesium recovery apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2810648C CA2810648C CA2810648A CA2810648A CA2810648C CA 2810648 C CA2810648 C CA 2810648C CA 2810648 A CA2810648 A CA 2810648A CA 2810648 A CA2810648 A CA 2810648A CA 2810648 C CA2810648 C CA 2810648C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyzed water
- magnesium
- seawater
- anode
- cathode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001447 ferric ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002680 magnesium Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000005323 carbonate salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012254 magnesium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 31
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 14
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 5
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021506 iron(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019440 Mg(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydroxy ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F5/00—Compounds of magnesium
- C01F5/14—Magnesium hydroxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/18—Alkaline earth metal compounds or magnesium compounds
- C25B1/20—Hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/46115—Electrolytic cell with membranes or diaphragms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4618—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolyte
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010203353A JP5824793B2 (ja) | 2010-09-10 | 2010-09-10 | マグネシウム回収方法及びマグネシウム回収装置 |
| JP2010-203353 | 2010-09-10 | ||
| PCT/JP2011/070236 WO2012033083A1 (ja) | 2010-09-10 | 2011-09-06 | マグネシウム回収方法及びマグネシウム回収装置 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2810648A1 CA2810648A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
| CA2810648C true CA2810648C (en) | 2016-01-12 |
Family
ID=45810681
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2810648A Expired - Fee Related CA2810648C (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2011-09-06 | Magnesium recovery method and magnesium recovery apparatus |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20130161200A1 (no) |
| JP (1) | JP5824793B2 (no) |
| AU (1) | AU2011299918B2 (no) |
| CA (1) | CA2810648C (no) |
| GB (1) | GB2497256A (no) |
| NO (1) | NO20130459A1 (no) |
| SG (1) | SG188458A1 (no) |
| WO (1) | WO2012033083A1 (no) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9499880B2 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2016-11-22 | Battelle Memorial Institute | System and process for production of magnesium metal and magnesium hydride from magnesium-containing salts and brines |
| KR101710283B1 (ko) * | 2015-11-11 | 2017-03-08 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | 마그네슘이온 선택적 회수장치와 이를 이용한 마그네슘이온 선택적 회수방법 |
| CN107164777B (zh) * | 2017-05-12 | 2019-01-25 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | 一种膜电解从高镁锂比盐湖卤水中分离镁和富集锂的方法 |
| US10968126B2 (en) | 2017-07-07 | 2021-04-06 | Katz Water Tech, Llc | Pretreatment of produced water to facilitate improved metal extraction |
| CN112752730A (zh) | 2019-08-29 | 2021-05-04 | 反町健司 | 二氧化碳的固定方法、固定化二氧化碳的制造方法以及固定化二氧化碳的制造装置 |
| JP7538489B2 (ja) * | 2019-11-01 | 2024-08-22 | 国立大学法人静岡大学 | マグネシウムの回収方法およびマグネシウム回収装置 |
| JP7008305B2 (ja) * | 2020-01-22 | 2022-01-25 | 健司 反町 | 二酸化炭素の固定方法、および固定化二酸化炭素の製造方法 |
| US20210308623A1 (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2021-10-07 | Kenji SORIMACHI | Method for fixing carbon dioxide, method for producing fixed carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide fixation apparatus |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61177385A (ja) * | 1985-01-30 | 1986-08-09 | Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd | 水酸化マグネシウムの製造方法 |
| JPH07100466B2 (ja) * | 1991-04-08 | 1995-11-01 | ウン ゼー チョウ | 太陽熱利用燃料自給式広甲板多脚船 |
| JPH0928234A (ja) * | 1995-07-19 | 1997-02-04 | Tomoji Tanaka | 養殖魚槽 |
| US5891320A (en) * | 1996-03-11 | 1999-04-06 | Wurzburger; Stephen R. | Soluble magnesium hydroxide |
| US6190530B1 (en) * | 1999-04-12 | 2001-02-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Anode container, electroplating system, method and plated object |
| US6375825B1 (en) * | 1999-10-28 | 2002-04-23 | Chemical Products Corporation | Process for the production of alkaline earth hydroxide |
| JP2005262158A (ja) * | 2004-03-22 | 2005-09-29 | Shimizu Corp | コンクリート再生微粉末及び中和処理方法 |
| JP2007098352A (ja) * | 2005-10-07 | 2007-04-19 | Kido Toshihiro | 機能性水の製造装置及び機能性水の製造方法 |
| US8177946B2 (en) * | 2007-08-09 | 2012-05-15 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Electrochemical formation of hydroxide for enhancing carbon dioxide and acid gas uptake by a solution |
| JP5564174B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-31 | 2014-07-30 | 株式会社神鋼環境ソリューション | 金属成分含有水の浄化処理方法及び浄化処理装置 |
-
2010
- 2010-09-10 JP JP2010203353A patent/JP5824793B2/ja active Active
-
2011
- 2011-09-06 WO PCT/JP2011/070236 patent/WO2012033083A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-09-06 GB GB1306089.2A patent/GB2497256A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-09-06 AU AU2011299918A patent/AU2011299918B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-09-06 SG SG2013017231A patent/SG188458A1/en unknown
- 2011-09-06 CA CA2810648A patent/CA2810648C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-09-06 US US13/820,630 patent/US20130161200A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2013
- 2013-04-05 NO NO20130459A patent/NO20130459A1/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2497256A (en) | 2013-06-05 |
| WO2012033083A1 (ja) | 2012-03-15 |
| US20130161200A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
| SG188458A1 (en) | 2013-04-30 |
| AU2011299918B2 (en) | 2014-09-04 |
| JP2012057230A (ja) | 2012-03-22 |
| NO20130459A1 (no) | 2013-04-16 |
| AU2011299918A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
| CA2810648A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
| GB201306089D0 (en) | 2013-05-22 |
| JP5824793B2 (ja) | 2015-12-02 |
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