CA2778787A1 - Method and apparatus for carbonizing biomass - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for carbonizing biomass Download PDFInfo
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- CA2778787A1 CA2778787A1 CA2778787A CA2778787A CA2778787A1 CA 2778787 A1 CA2778787 A1 CA 2778787A1 CA 2778787 A CA2778787 A CA 2778787A CA 2778787 A CA2778787 A CA 2778787A CA 2778787 A1 CA2778787 A1 CA 2778787A1
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Abstract
There is disclosed a method for carbonizing biomass comprising the steps of separating the raw biomass, drying the biomass, molding the biomass and carbonizing the biomass. The carbonizing step may be carried out using a gasifying furnace and a carbonizing retort separately. The gasifying furnace may provide fuel gas for heating the carbonizing retort and for producing charcoal product, and the method may produce a plurality of pyrolysis products comprising one or more of charcoal, wood tar, pyroligneous liquor and fuel gas. There is also disclosed an apparatus for carrying out the method.
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CARBONIZING BIOMASS
Technical field The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for carbonizing biomass.
Background art Powdered charcoal is prepared primarily by carbonization of wood chips and sawdust produced in wood processing, and is widely used in many industries including food processing, chemical sewage treatment and power generation industries. Currently, processes for manufacturing powdered charcoal often use the traditional technology of self-combustion earth kilns. However, such processes may produce charcoal product of poor quality, and the by-products, such as wood tar, etc., produced during charcoal formation (i.e., carbonization) are burnt directly, and are thus wasted.
Summary of the invention In a first embodiment there is disclosed a method for carbonizing biomass comprising the steps of separating the raw biomass, drying the biomass, molding the biomass and carbonizing the biomass, wherein the carbonizing step may be carried out using a gasifying furnace and a carbonizing retort separately, the gasifying furnace may provide fuel gas for the carbonizing retort and producing charcoal product therein, and the process may produce a plurality of pyrolysis products comprising charcoal, wood tar, pyroligneous liquor and biomass fuel gas.
In alternative embodiments the raw biomass may comprise at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of stalks, wood chips and sawdust, and the separating step may comprise screen separation and may comprise centrifugal screen separation.
In alternative embodiments the drying step is performed under a temperature of 150-250C so that the water content of the raw biomass is reduced to less than about 15%.
In alternative embodiments the water content of the raw biomass is reduced to less than about 10%.
In alternative embodiments the molding or forming step is carried out in a bar-forming machine with a heating temperature of not lower than 180 C and yields bars of compressed biomass having an internal channel.
In alternative embodiments the carbonizing step may further comprise loading the bars of compressed biomass into the gasifying furnace and carbonizing retort separately, loading the carbonizing retort with the bars so that when said carbonizing retort is filled fully with the bars, while in the gasifying furnace a space of 2-6 cm is formed at the center of the carbonizing retort between the bars as an outlet for fuel gas; hermetically sealing the charging opening of carbonizing retort; firing/igniting the bars at the bottom of gasifying furnace with an igniter, sealing the charging opening and igniting opening of the gasifying furnace after much of the fuel gas has escapted from the charging opening of gasifying furnace, delivering the fuel gas generated in the gasifying furnace to the carbonizing retort by a blower and igniting the fuel gas; after fuel gas is combusted fully in the carbonizing retort, turning on a fan to exclude humidity in the carbonizing retort, and maintaining the temperature at between about 440 C and about 460'C until the charring process is completed.
In a further embodiment there is disclosed an apparatus for carbonizing biomass, the apparatus comprising a gasifying furnace and a carbonizing retort, wherein the gasifying furnace generates fuel gas and is connected to the carbonizing retort by a gas-supply pipe adapted deliver the fuel gas to the carbonizing retort.
In alternative embodiments the apparatus may further comprise: a burner;
a fuel gas heating pipe connected between the carbonizing retort and the gas-supply pipe, and a gas-return pipe.
In alternative embodiments the apparatus may comprise a fuel gas collecting pipe, wherein the fuel gas-collecting pipe has two ends and connects with the carbonizing retort at one end and with the gas-returning pipe at the other end.
In alternative embodiments the fuel gas-collecting pipe communicates with the gas-returning pipe through a standpipe.
In alternative embodiments the gas-returning pipe communicates with a safety guide pipe and the safety guide pipe has a lower end and the lower end has an associated guide pipe holder.
In alternative embodiments the gasifying furnace comprises a lower portion having a blower, the fuel gas heating pipe has an associated blower and a humidity exhaust fan is provided above the carbonizing retort.
In alternative embodiments: the flow of materials between at least one of:
the gasifying furnace and the gas-supply pipe; the gas-returning pipe and the safety guide pipe; the standpipe and the fuel gas-collecting pipe; and the gas-returning pipe and the gas-supplying pipe may be regulated by a butterfly valve.
In alternative embodiments the flow of materials between the gasifying furnace and the gas-supply pipe; between the gas-returning pipe and the safety guide pipe; between the standpipe and the fuel gas-collecting pipe;
and between the gas-returning pipe and the gas-supplying pipe are each regulated by a butterfly valve.
Features and advantages of the subject matter hereof will become more apparent in light of the following detailed description of selected embodiments, as illustrated in the accompanying figures. As will be realized, the subject matter disclosed and claimed is capable of modifications in various respects, all without departing from the scope of the claims. Accordingly, the drawings and the description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive and the full scope of the subject matter is set forth in the claims.
Brief description of the drawings FIG. 1 is a flow graph of the biomass carbonizing process according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an apparatus according a first embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a top view showing the structure of an apparatus according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a side view showing the structure of the apparatus according to FIG.
3.
Technical field The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for carbonizing biomass.
Background art Powdered charcoal is prepared primarily by carbonization of wood chips and sawdust produced in wood processing, and is widely used in many industries including food processing, chemical sewage treatment and power generation industries. Currently, processes for manufacturing powdered charcoal often use the traditional technology of self-combustion earth kilns. However, such processes may produce charcoal product of poor quality, and the by-products, such as wood tar, etc., produced during charcoal formation (i.e., carbonization) are burnt directly, and are thus wasted.
Summary of the invention In a first embodiment there is disclosed a method for carbonizing biomass comprising the steps of separating the raw biomass, drying the biomass, molding the biomass and carbonizing the biomass, wherein the carbonizing step may be carried out using a gasifying furnace and a carbonizing retort separately, the gasifying furnace may provide fuel gas for the carbonizing retort and producing charcoal product therein, and the process may produce a plurality of pyrolysis products comprising charcoal, wood tar, pyroligneous liquor and biomass fuel gas.
In alternative embodiments the raw biomass may comprise at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of stalks, wood chips and sawdust, and the separating step may comprise screen separation and may comprise centrifugal screen separation.
In alternative embodiments the drying step is performed under a temperature of 150-250C so that the water content of the raw biomass is reduced to less than about 15%.
In alternative embodiments the water content of the raw biomass is reduced to less than about 10%.
In alternative embodiments the molding or forming step is carried out in a bar-forming machine with a heating temperature of not lower than 180 C and yields bars of compressed biomass having an internal channel.
In alternative embodiments the carbonizing step may further comprise loading the bars of compressed biomass into the gasifying furnace and carbonizing retort separately, loading the carbonizing retort with the bars so that when said carbonizing retort is filled fully with the bars, while in the gasifying furnace a space of 2-6 cm is formed at the center of the carbonizing retort between the bars as an outlet for fuel gas; hermetically sealing the charging opening of carbonizing retort; firing/igniting the bars at the bottom of gasifying furnace with an igniter, sealing the charging opening and igniting opening of the gasifying furnace after much of the fuel gas has escapted from the charging opening of gasifying furnace, delivering the fuel gas generated in the gasifying furnace to the carbonizing retort by a blower and igniting the fuel gas; after fuel gas is combusted fully in the carbonizing retort, turning on a fan to exclude humidity in the carbonizing retort, and maintaining the temperature at between about 440 C and about 460'C until the charring process is completed.
In a further embodiment there is disclosed an apparatus for carbonizing biomass, the apparatus comprising a gasifying furnace and a carbonizing retort, wherein the gasifying furnace generates fuel gas and is connected to the carbonizing retort by a gas-supply pipe adapted deliver the fuel gas to the carbonizing retort.
In alternative embodiments the apparatus may further comprise: a burner;
a fuel gas heating pipe connected between the carbonizing retort and the gas-supply pipe, and a gas-return pipe.
In alternative embodiments the apparatus may comprise a fuel gas collecting pipe, wherein the fuel gas-collecting pipe has two ends and connects with the carbonizing retort at one end and with the gas-returning pipe at the other end.
In alternative embodiments the fuel gas-collecting pipe communicates with the gas-returning pipe through a standpipe.
In alternative embodiments the gas-returning pipe communicates with a safety guide pipe and the safety guide pipe has a lower end and the lower end has an associated guide pipe holder.
In alternative embodiments the gasifying furnace comprises a lower portion having a blower, the fuel gas heating pipe has an associated blower and a humidity exhaust fan is provided above the carbonizing retort.
In alternative embodiments: the flow of materials between at least one of:
the gasifying furnace and the gas-supply pipe; the gas-returning pipe and the safety guide pipe; the standpipe and the fuel gas-collecting pipe; and the gas-returning pipe and the gas-supplying pipe may be regulated by a butterfly valve.
In alternative embodiments the flow of materials between the gasifying furnace and the gas-supply pipe; between the gas-returning pipe and the safety guide pipe; between the standpipe and the fuel gas-collecting pipe;
and between the gas-returning pipe and the gas-supplying pipe are each regulated by a butterfly valve.
Features and advantages of the subject matter hereof will become more apparent in light of the following detailed description of selected embodiments, as illustrated in the accompanying figures. As will be realized, the subject matter disclosed and claimed is capable of modifications in various respects, all without departing from the scope of the claims. Accordingly, the drawings and the description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive and the full scope of the subject matter is set forth in the claims.
Brief description of the drawings FIG. 1 is a flow graph of the biomass carbonizing process according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an apparatus according a first embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a top view showing the structure of an apparatus according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a side view showing the structure of the apparatus according to FIG.
3.
Detailed description Terms In this disclosure, the word "comprising" is used in a non-limiting sense to mean that items following the word are included, but items not specifically mentioned are not excluded.
A reference to an element by the indefinite article "a" does not exclude the possibility that more than one of the elements is present, unless the context clearly requires that there be one and only one of the elements.
In this disclosure the recitation of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numbers subsumed within that range including all whole numbers, all integers and all fractional intermediates (e.g., 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, and 5 etc.).
In this disclosure the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a composition containing "a compound" includes a mixture of two or more compounds.
In this disclosure term "or" is generally employed in its sense including "and/or"
unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
In this disclosure, unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities or ingredients, measurement of properties and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary or necessary in light of the context,, the numerical parameters set forth in the disclosure are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by those skilled in the art utilizing the teachings of the present disclosure and in light of the inaccuracies of measurement and quantification.
Without limiting the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Not withstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the disclosure are approximations, their numerical values set forth in the specific examples are understood broadly only to the extent that this is consistent with the validity of the disclosure and the distinction of the subject matter disclosed and claimed from the prior art.
It will be understood that the specific temperature regimes and time periods specified herein may be adjusted for particular purposes and in particular embodiments in ways that will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
As used in this disclosure the term "blower" refers to a device for supplying gases at a moderate pressure, as to supply forced drafts. In embodiments blowers may include fans or any other device suitable for generating movement of air or other gases as the circumstances may require. The choice of suitable blowers, fans and the like will be readily made by those skilled in the art to suit particular operational requirements.
Embodiments of the subject matter claimed are hereafter described with general reference to FIGs 1 through 4 and the examples.
As shown in FIG 1, the biomass carbonizing process comprises the following steps:
A) Raw material separation: the wood chips and/or sawdust produced in wood deep-processing of forestry industry are used as raw material. The raw material may be screen separated by a centrifugal screen separation procedure to remove tree bark, branches and other coarse impurities. In embodiments the content of raw material may be selected to be less than about 15 mm, less than about 10mm or less than about 5mm in diameter.
Although one embodiment comprises screen separation, any other conventional method for separating out components according to size and or weight may be selected and implemented in ways that will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
B) The wood chips and/or sawdust screen separated in the above step may be dried in a drying system under a temperature of about 250 C, so that in embodiments the moisture content of the dried material, which may comprise wood chips and/or sawdust, may be less than about 20%, or less than about 15%, or less than about 10% or less than about 5%. It will be appreciated that in embodiments drying may be carried out at higher or lower temperatures as desired, and within limits that will be readily understood by those skilled in the art.
C) The wood chips, sawdust or other biomass obtained in the above step B) may be molded in a bar-forming machine, and in embodiments the heating temperature in the bar-forming machine may be maintained at desired temperature which may be a temperature not lower than about 180 C and may be selected ensure that suitable material bar products are obtained. In embodiments the bars of biomass material may have the shape of a hexagonal or square prism having a width of about 75 mm between its opposite sides and a central hole or channel of 30 mm diameter. In alternative embodiments the bars may have other cross-sections such as substantially square, triangular, cylindrical, or may have any other suitable shape, all of which will be readily apparent to and selected from by those skilled in the art.
A reference to an element by the indefinite article "a" does not exclude the possibility that more than one of the elements is present, unless the context clearly requires that there be one and only one of the elements.
In this disclosure the recitation of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numbers subsumed within that range including all whole numbers, all integers and all fractional intermediates (e.g., 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, and 5 etc.).
In this disclosure the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a composition containing "a compound" includes a mixture of two or more compounds.
In this disclosure term "or" is generally employed in its sense including "and/or"
unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
In this disclosure, unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities or ingredients, measurement of properties and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary or necessary in light of the context,, the numerical parameters set forth in the disclosure are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by those skilled in the art utilizing the teachings of the present disclosure and in light of the inaccuracies of measurement and quantification.
Without limiting the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Not withstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the disclosure are approximations, their numerical values set forth in the specific examples are understood broadly only to the extent that this is consistent with the validity of the disclosure and the distinction of the subject matter disclosed and claimed from the prior art.
It will be understood that the specific temperature regimes and time periods specified herein may be adjusted for particular purposes and in particular embodiments in ways that will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
As used in this disclosure the term "blower" refers to a device for supplying gases at a moderate pressure, as to supply forced drafts. In embodiments blowers may include fans or any other device suitable for generating movement of air or other gases as the circumstances may require. The choice of suitable blowers, fans and the like will be readily made by those skilled in the art to suit particular operational requirements.
Embodiments of the subject matter claimed are hereafter described with general reference to FIGs 1 through 4 and the examples.
As shown in FIG 1, the biomass carbonizing process comprises the following steps:
A) Raw material separation: the wood chips and/or sawdust produced in wood deep-processing of forestry industry are used as raw material. The raw material may be screen separated by a centrifugal screen separation procedure to remove tree bark, branches and other coarse impurities. In embodiments the content of raw material may be selected to be less than about 15 mm, less than about 10mm or less than about 5mm in diameter.
Although one embodiment comprises screen separation, any other conventional method for separating out components according to size and or weight may be selected and implemented in ways that will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
B) The wood chips and/or sawdust screen separated in the above step may be dried in a drying system under a temperature of about 250 C, so that in embodiments the moisture content of the dried material, which may comprise wood chips and/or sawdust, may be less than about 20%, or less than about 15%, or less than about 10% or less than about 5%. It will be appreciated that in embodiments drying may be carried out at higher or lower temperatures as desired, and within limits that will be readily understood by those skilled in the art.
C) The wood chips, sawdust or other biomass obtained in the above step B) may be molded in a bar-forming machine, and in embodiments the heating temperature in the bar-forming machine may be maintained at desired temperature which may be a temperature not lower than about 180 C and may be selected ensure that suitable material bar products are obtained. In embodiments the bars of biomass material may have the shape of a hexagonal or square prism having a width of about 75 mm between its opposite sides and a central hole or channel of 30 mm diameter. In alternative embodiments the bars may have other cross-sections such as substantially square, triangular, cylindrical, or may have any other suitable shape, all of which will be readily apparent to and selected from by those skilled in the art.
Similarly the precise dimensions of the bars and, the sizes, numbers and dispositions of the holes or channels therethrough, and their positioning within the bars, may take a variety of forms and configurations, all of which will be readily identified, selected among and implemented by those skilled in the art, to suit particular purposes.
The material bars may be stacked to be air dried for the next furnace loading and charring/carbonization steps.
D) Loading the material bars in the carbonizing retort. The material bars may be laid vertically from bottom to top until the carbonizing retort is filled in. With the bars in the gasifying furnace, a space of up to about 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm or more in diameter may be formed at the center of the furnace among the material bars as an outlet for the fuel gas. In alternative embodiments the space formed between the bars may have a diameter of up to about 1 cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm, 10cm, 12cm, 14cm, 16cm,18cm or about 20cm or more than about 20cm. In one embodiment, before loading the material bars in the gasifying furnace, a steel pipe which may have a diameter of up to about 2cm, about 3cm, about 4cm, about 5cm, about 6cm, about7cm or more in diameter may be placed vertically in the center of the gasifying furnace and beyond the gasifying furnace. In embodiments the pipe may have a diameter of about 6cm. After loading and compacting the material bars, the steel pipe may be withdrawn-.to leave a space as an outlet channel for the fuel gas. Thus the pipe or other similar spacing implement may be used to establish the dimensions of the channel for the fuel gas. When loading is finished, the charging openings of the carbonizing retort and the gasifying furnace may be wrapped with asbestos, then the charging opening of the carbonizing retort may be covered with a steel cap which may be fastened with screws, bolts, pegs, pins or any other suitable securing configuration or method, to thereby form an airtight seal.
E) Carbonizing/carbonization: igniting the material bars at the bottom of gasifying furnace with an igniter, then sealing the igniting opening and opening an air inlet of the gasifying furnace, turning on a blower; after much smoke (fuel gas) emits from the charging opening of the gasifying furnace, sealing the charging opening with a steel cap, then turning on a blower and switching on the gas delivery valve to deliver the fuel gas produced in the gasifying furnace to the carbonizing retort; igniting the fuel gas at the bottom of the carbonizing retort; after the fuel gas is burned fully in the carbonizing retort (in embodiments this may take up to or more than about 1 hour), turning on a fan to exclude humidity in the carbonizing retort. As the water in the material bars is dried and the temperature increases gradually, the carbonizing retort enters into the second phase of carbonization. This is the precharring phase and may be carried out at a temperature of between about 150 C and 275 C and in embodiments may be carried out at a temperature above about 150 C, 160 C, 170 C, 180 C, 190 C, 200 C, 220 C, 240 C, 260 C, 270 C, or more degrees Celsius and may be carried out at higher or lower temperatures in circumstances that will be readily recognized and understood by those skilled in the art. In embodiments lignin may be separated out and released from the material bars and a certain amount of wood tar may also be produced when the temperature in the carbonizing retort reaches a temperature of about 2001C. The wood tar may become liquid in the exhausting and discharging pipe and may be collected into a storage pool. As the temperature continues to increase over 275 C, the material bars may be pyrolyzed rapidly, and the higher the temperature is, the higher the decomposition rate may be, thereby producing products which may comprise methane, ethane, ethylene, acetic acid, methanol, propanol, wood tar, etc.
The material bars may be stacked to be air dried for the next furnace loading and charring/carbonization steps.
D) Loading the material bars in the carbonizing retort. The material bars may be laid vertically from bottom to top until the carbonizing retort is filled in. With the bars in the gasifying furnace, a space of up to about 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm or more in diameter may be formed at the center of the furnace among the material bars as an outlet for the fuel gas. In alternative embodiments the space formed between the bars may have a diameter of up to about 1 cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm, 10cm, 12cm, 14cm, 16cm,18cm or about 20cm or more than about 20cm. In one embodiment, before loading the material bars in the gasifying furnace, a steel pipe which may have a diameter of up to about 2cm, about 3cm, about 4cm, about 5cm, about 6cm, about7cm or more in diameter may be placed vertically in the center of the gasifying furnace and beyond the gasifying furnace. In embodiments the pipe may have a diameter of about 6cm. After loading and compacting the material bars, the steel pipe may be withdrawn-.to leave a space as an outlet channel for the fuel gas. Thus the pipe or other similar spacing implement may be used to establish the dimensions of the channel for the fuel gas. When loading is finished, the charging openings of the carbonizing retort and the gasifying furnace may be wrapped with asbestos, then the charging opening of the carbonizing retort may be covered with a steel cap which may be fastened with screws, bolts, pegs, pins or any other suitable securing configuration or method, to thereby form an airtight seal.
E) Carbonizing/carbonization: igniting the material bars at the bottom of gasifying furnace with an igniter, then sealing the igniting opening and opening an air inlet of the gasifying furnace, turning on a blower; after much smoke (fuel gas) emits from the charging opening of the gasifying furnace, sealing the charging opening with a steel cap, then turning on a blower and switching on the gas delivery valve to deliver the fuel gas produced in the gasifying furnace to the carbonizing retort; igniting the fuel gas at the bottom of the carbonizing retort; after the fuel gas is burned fully in the carbonizing retort (in embodiments this may take up to or more than about 1 hour), turning on a fan to exclude humidity in the carbonizing retort. As the water in the material bars is dried and the temperature increases gradually, the carbonizing retort enters into the second phase of carbonization. This is the precharring phase and may be carried out at a temperature of between about 150 C and 275 C and in embodiments may be carried out at a temperature above about 150 C, 160 C, 170 C, 180 C, 190 C, 200 C, 220 C, 240 C, 260 C, 270 C, or more degrees Celsius and may be carried out at higher or lower temperatures in circumstances that will be readily recognized and understood by those skilled in the art. In embodiments lignin may be separated out and released from the material bars and a certain amount of wood tar may also be produced when the temperature in the carbonizing retort reaches a temperature of about 2001C. The wood tar may become liquid in the exhausting and discharging pipe and may be collected into a storage pool. As the temperature continues to increase over 275 C, the material bars may be pyrolyzed rapidly, and the higher the temperature is, the higher the decomposition rate may be, thereby producing products which may comprise methane, ethane, ethylene, acetic acid, methanol, propanol, wood tar, etc.
Due to the oxygen contained in biomass, an exothermic reaction occurs in this pyrolysis and carbonizing phase. In embodiments the temperature may be maintained at about 450 C and most wood tar and pyroligneous liquor are produced in this phase. In embodiments it may be possible to operate this stage- of the process at temperatures that are significantly above or below C.
In embodiments, when the temperature in the carbonization retort reaches about 400 C, then in embodiments the exhaust valve may be closed and the material bars may be carbonized in the carbonization retort until the temperature reaches about 500 C. The exhaust valve may then be opened to completely discharge any gas (such as methane and carbon monoxide) from the carbonization retort. At this point the carbonization process is completed.
The exhaust valve is closed and charcoal is obtained in the gasifying furnace and the carbonization retort. In embodiments the entire carbonization process may be carried out over a period of about 8 hours, however in different embodiments and dependent on the specific conditions and materials chosen it may be possible or desirable to carry out the carbonization process over periods of up to or less than about 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 or more hours . The obtained products may include charcoal, wood tar, pyroligneous liquor and biomass fuel gas, etc.
The present invention use a novel carbonization technology with separate gasifying furnace and carbonization retort, wherein the gasifying furnace supplies fuel gas for the carbonization retort by gasification of the material bars and provides end product charcoal therein, the carbonization retort allows the material bars carbonized to obtain the product of high added value such as charcoal, wood tar, pyroligneous liquor and biomass fuel gas, etc.
As shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4, the biomass carbonizing device according to the present disclosure comprises a carbonizing retort 10 on which a charging opening 9 is formed on the front, a cooling opening 11 is formed at the bottom and a exhausting pipe 7 is mounted on the top; the carbonizing retort 10 is connected to a burner 24, a fuel gas heating pipe 12 and a gas-supplying pipe 14 in succession; the gas-supplying pipe 14 communicates with a gasifying furnace 16 at its other end and a gas-returning pipe='l is further connected between the carbonizing retort 10 and the gas-supplying pipe 14.
In embodiments the carbonizing retort 10 may be connected with a fuel gas-collecting pipe 8 which communicates with the gas-returning pipe 1.
In embodiments the fuel gas-collecting pipe 8 may communicate with the gas-returning pipe 1 through a standpipe 3 and the gas-returning pipe 1 may communicate with a safety guide pipe 2 which is connected at its lower end with a guide pipe holder 13. In embodiments the gasifying furnace 16 is formed with an air blast hole at its lower portion which further connects to a blower 15; the fuel gas heating pipe 12 is formed with an air blast hole which further connects to a blower 20; and the carbonizing retort 10 is mounted with a humidity exhausting fan 4 and a bent pipe 6 for the fan. In embodiments a butterfly valve 17 may be mounted between the gasifying furnace 16 and the gas-supplying pipe 14, a butterfly valve 30 may be mounted between the gas-returning pipe I and the safety guide pipe 2, a butterfly valve 21 may be mounted between the standpipe 3 and the fuel gas-collecting pipe 8, and a butterfly valve 19 may be mounted between the gas-returning pipe 1 and the gas-supplying pipe 14.
In embodiments biomass carbonizing apparatus of the present invention may cooperate with or comprise a digital temperature controller and a frequency modulating blower so that the temperature curve during carbonization can be controlled in real time. In embodiments the charcoal product may have a brightly lustrous appearance and may meet the requirements for national standards of Northern American and European countries in various technical parameters.
Since the biomass carbonizing apparatus of the present invention has a design that separates the gasifying furnace, which adopts an igniting and preheating phase from the carbonizing retort, it may increase the ignition rate significantly, simplifying ignition and temperature-control. The temperature elevation may be controlled by regulating the operation of the relevant fan or fans based on the water content of the raw materials, and may thereby avoid or reduce cracking and bending of the charcoal product due to the high temperature elevation rate. This may reduce the shorten the cycle time for production of the charcoal and may yield a more reliable and stable product quality.
The biomass carbonizing apparatus may comprisee of a gasifying furnace, connecting pipes, air distribution blowers, a carbonizing retort and the like.
The fuel gas produced in the closed gasifying furnace is delivered to the carbonizing retort through a connecting pipe and is combusted therein. The charcoal in the carbonizing retort is self-combusted in a temperature range that may in embodiments be from about 475 C to about 5001C and. may achieve a substantially quantitative conversion of energy in the carbonizing retort. In alternative embodiments the temperature may be up to about 475 C, 480 C, 485 C,490 C, 495 C, 500 C, or may be greater than about 500.
At the same time supply of fuel gas from the gasifying furnace may be cut off.
Finally, the charcoal volatiles in the carbonizing retort may be reduced to less than about 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% or lower and the fixed carbon content may be increased to above or below about 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or higher.
In embodiments the biomass carbonizing apparatus of an embodiment may be operated as follows:
1. The bars of biomass material in the gasifying furnace are compressed by conventional methods, and in particular embodiments this may comprise using a screw press, a hydraulic press, weights, or any other conventional method of compression, all of which will be readily recognised, understood and implemented by those skilled in the art. In embodiments the compression of the biomass may comprise forming one or more holes or channels through the biomass so that the resulting bars define therein at least one ventilation channel of suitable size. In embodiments the bars may have a diameter of up to about 26m, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm or 25cm or greater than 25cm. The bars may also comprise one or more ventilation holes or channels, which may be up to about 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 40mm or more in diameter. In particular embodiments the bars may have any suitable cross section such as square, triangular, hexagonal, circular or other.
In embodiments the bars of biomass material may have the shape of a hexagonal prism having a width of about 75 mm between its opposite sides and a central ventillation hole or channel of 30 mm diameter. In embodiments and dependent on the diameter of the bars the central ventilation channel may be omitted, or may be of different diameters, or two or more channels may be incorporated to ensure that all the biomass material comprised in the bar can be fully converted to charcoal during the carbonization process. In embodiments the ventilation channels may also be introduced after the bar has been formed.
A steel pipe having a diameter of 22 mm or any other suitable diameter may be placed at the center of the gasifying furnace and may extend outside the gasifying furnace. The igniting material added in the combustion chamber is ignited, then the charging opening may be sealed after the material bars in the gasifying furnace are pyrolyzed and white and yellow smoke emits from the charging opening. The produced fuel gas may be delivered into the carbonizing retort through a gated pipe.
2. Firing/igniting the fuel gas in the carbonizing retort with an electronic igniter.
As the temperature in the carbonizing retort increases gradually, the air distribution fan may be regulated as may the oxygen supply blower for the gasifying furnace, in order to achieve a desired temperature curve of carbonization. The water driven off from the biomass materials may be discharged from the apparatus by the humidity exhausting fan on the carbonizing retort.
3. Turning off the humidity exhaust fan when the temperature in the carbonizing retort makes the charcoal self-combust, and igniting the fuel gas at the safety guide pipe to ensure safe operation.
4. When the carbonization reaches a predetermined extent, closing the air inlet and opening the cooling opening to finish this cycle. After cooling, charcoal is obtained in the carbonizing retort and other products such as wood tar, pyroligneous liquor and fuel gas are recovered by their respective recovery and purifying devices and methods.
In embodiments the apparatuses and methods disclosed may reduce the need for external heating, reduce energy consumption and pollution and may reduce carbonization time compared to traditional methods and may yield.
Particular embodiments may also result in an improved carbonization rate of biomass and for example, in embodiments the charcoal produced may have a heat value of higher than 32000 kJ/M3. The wood tar, pyroligneous liquor and biomass fuel gas produced in embodiments may have good purities.
In embodiments the subject matter disclosed may permit more efficient use of biomass for the recycling of agricultural and forestry wastes. The present invention is not only useable to convert agricultural and forestry wastes into regenerative clean energy, producing more economic and environmental benefit, but may also significantly shorten the production cycle, reduce environmental pollution, improve product quality and produce a plurality of high added-value products when compared with traditional carbonization processes.
Examples:
The following examples are illustrative only and in no way limit the scope or nature of the invention as claimed.
Example 1 Stalks are used as raw material; and the water content of the raw material is controlled between 12% and 15%. The formed material bars has a diameter of 75 mm. 300 kg of stalk charcoal with a heat value of 26200 kJ/kg is obtained from 1000kg stalk raw material, and other products include 250 kg of pyroligneous liquor, 50 kg of wood tar and 300 m3 of fuel gas (having a heat value of 19000 kJ/ m).
Example 2 Wood chips are used as raw material; and the water content of the raw material is controlled between 8% and 12%. The hollow material bars has a diameter of 45 mm. 300 kg of powdered charcoal is obtained from 1000kg wood chips, its heat value of 32800 kJ/kg is higher than 29000 kJ/kg of the corresponding conventional product. Other products include . 280 kg of pyroligneous liquor, 69 kg of wood tar and 350 m3 of fuel gas. The fuel gas hays a heat value of 20000 kJ/ m3 which is also higher than the corresponding conventional product (14700 kJ/ m).
The embodiments and examples presented herein are illustrative of the general nature of the subject matter claimed and are not limiting. It will be understood by those skilled in the art how these embodiments can be readily modified and/or adapted for various applications and in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the subject matter disclosed claimed. The claims hereof are to be understood to include without limitation all alternative embodiments and equivalents of the subject matter hereof.
Phrases, words and terms employed herein are illustrative and are not limiting. Where permissible by law, all references cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. It will be appreciated that any aspects of the different embodiments disclosed herein may be combined in a range of possible alternative embodiments, and alternative combinations of features, all of which varied combinations of features are to be understood to form a part of the subject matter claimed.
In embodiments, when the temperature in the carbonization retort reaches about 400 C, then in embodiments the exhaust valve may be closed and the material bars may be carbonized in the carbonization retort until the temperature reaches about 500 C. The exhaust valve may then be opened to completely discharge any gas (such as methane and carbon monoxide) from the carbonization retort. At this point the carbonization process is completed.
The exhaust valve is closed and charcoal is obtained in the gasifying furnace and the carbonization retort. In embodiments the entire carbonization process may be carried out over a period of about 8 hours, however in different embodiments and dependent on the specific conditions and materials chosen it may be possible or desirable to carry out the carbonization process over periods of up to or less than about 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 or more hours . The obtained products may include charcoal, wood tar, pyroligneous liquor and biomass fuel gas, etc.
The present invention use a novel carbonization technology with separate gasifying furnace and carbonization retort, wherein the gasifying furnace supplies fuel gas for the carbonization retort by gasification of the material bars and provides end product charcoal therein, the carbonization retort allows the material bars carbonized to obtain the product of high added value such as charcoal, wood tar, pyroligneous liquor and biomass fuel gas, etc.
As shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4, the biomass carbonizing device according to the present disclosure comprises a carbonizing retort 10 on which a charging opening 9 is formed on the front, a cooling opening 11 is formed at the bottom and a exhausting pipe 7 is mounted on the top; the carbonizing retort 10 is connected to a burner 24, a fuel gas heating pipe 12 and a gas-supplying pipe 14 in succession; the gas-supplying pipe 14 communicates with a gasifying furnace 16 at its other end and a gas-returning pipe='l is further connected between the carbonizing retort 10 and the gas-supplying pipe 14.
In embodiments the carbonizing retort 10 may be connected with a fuel gas-collecting pipe 8 which communicates with the gas-returning pipe 1.
In embodiments the fuel gas-collecting pipe 8 may communicate with the gas-returning pipe 1 through a standpipe 3 and the gas-returning pipe 1 may communicate with a safety guide pipe 2 which is connected at its lower end with a guide pipe holder 13. In embodiments the gasifying furnace 16 is formed with an air blast hole at its lower portion which further connects to a blower 15; the fuel gas heating pipe 12 is formed with an air blast hole which further connects to a blower 20; and the carbonizing retort 10 is mounted with a humidity exhausting fan 4 and a bent pipe 6 for the fan. In embodiments a butterfly valve 17 may be mounted between the gasifying furnace 16 and the gas-supplying pipe 14, a butterfly valve 30 may be mounted between the gas-returning pipe I and the safety guide pipe 2, a butterfly valve 21 may be mounted between the standpipe 3 and the fuel gas-collecting pipe 8, and a butterfly valve 19 may be mounted between the gas-returning pipe 1 and the gas-supplying pipe 14.
In embodiments biomass carbonizing apparatus of the present invention may cooperate with or comprise a digital temperature controller and a frequency modulating blower so that the temperature curve during carbonization can be controlled in real time. In embodiments the charcoal product may have a brightly lustrous appearance and may meet the requirements for national standards of Northern American and European countries in various technical parameters.
Since the biomass carbonizing apparatus of the present invention has a design that separates the gasifying furnace, which adopts an igniting and preheating phase from the carbonizing retort, it may increase the ignition rate significantly, simplifying ignition and temperature-control. The temperature elevation may be controlled by regulating the operation of the relevant fan or fans based on the water content of the raw materials, and may thereby avoid or reduce cracking and bending of the charcoal product due to the high temperature elevation rate. This may reduce the shorten the cycle time for production of the charcoal and may yield a more reliable and stable product quality.
The biomass carbonizing apparatus may comprisee of a gasifying furnace, connecting pipes, air distribution blowers, a carbonizing retort and the like.
The fuel gas produced in the closed gasifying furnace is delivered to the carbonizing retort through a connecting pipe and is combusted therein. The charcoal in the carbonizing retort is self-combusted in a temperature range that may in embodiments be from about 475 C to about 5001C and. may achieve a substantially quantitative conversion of energy in the carbonizing retort. In alternative embodiments the temperature may be up to about 475 C, 480 C, 485 C,490 C, 495 C, 500 C, or may be greater than about 500.
At the same time supply of fuel gas from the gasifying furnace may be cut off.
Finally, the charcoal volatiles in the carbonizing retort may be reduced to less than about 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% or lower and the fixed carbon content may be increased to above or below about 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or higher.
In embodiments the biomass carbonizing apparatus of an embodiment may be operated as follows:
1. The bars of biomass material in the gasifying furnace are compressed by conventional methods, and in particular embodiments this may comprise using a screw press, a hydraulic press, weights, or any other conventional method of compression, all of which will be readily recognised, understood and implemented by those skilled in the art. In embodiments the compression of the biomass may comprise forming one or more holes or channels through the biomass so that the resulting bars define therein at least one ventilation channel of suitable size. In embodiments the bars may have a diameter of up to about 26m, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm, 9cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm or 25cm or greater than 25cm. The bars may also comprise one or more ventilation holes or channels, which may be up to about 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 40mm or more in diameter. In particular embodiments the bars may have any suitable cross section such as square, triangular, hexagonal, circular or other.
In embodiments the bars of biomass material may have the shape of a hexagonal prism having a width of about 75 mm between its opposite sides and a central ventillation hole or channel of 30 mm diameter. In embodiments and dependent on the diameter of the bars the central ventilation channel may be omitted, or may be of different diameters, or two or more channels may be incorporated to ensure that all the biomass material comprised in the bar can be fully converted to charcoal during the carbonization process. In embodiments the ventilation channels may also be introduced after the bar has been formed.
A steel pipe having a diameter of 22 mm or any other suitable diameter may be placed at the center of the gasifying furnace and may extend outside the gasifying furnace. The igniting material added in the combustion chamber is ignited, then the charging opening may be sealed after the material bars in the gasifying furnace are pyrolyzed and white and yellow smoke emits from the charging opening. The produced fuel gas may be delivered into the carbonizing retort through a gated pipe.
2. Firing/igniting the fuel gas in the carbonizing retort with an electronic igniter.
As the temperature in the carbonizing retort increases gradually, the air distribution fan may be regulated as may the oxygen supply blower for the gasifying furnace, in order to achieve a desired temperature curve of carbonization. The water driven off from the biomass materials may be discharged from the apparatus by the humidity exhausting fan on the carbonizing retort.
3. Turning off the humidity exhaust fan when the temperature in the carbonizing retort makes the charcoal self-combust, and igniting the fuel gas at the safety guide pipe to ensure safe operation.
4. When the carbonization reaches a predetermined extent, closing the air inlet and opening the cooling opening to finish this cycle. After cooling, charcoal is obtained in the carbonizing retort and other products such as wood tar, pyroligneous liquor and fuel gas are recovered by their respective recovery and purifying devices and methods.
In embodiments the apparatuses and methods disclosed may reduce the need for external heating, reduce energy consumption and pollution and may reduce carbonization time compared to traditional methods and may yield.
Particular embodiments may also result in an improved carbonization rate of biomass and for example, in embodiments the charcoal produced may have a heat value of higher than 32000 kJ/M3. The wood tar, pyroligneous liquor and biomass fuel gas produced in embodiments may have good purities.
In embodiments the subject matter disclosed may permit more efficient use of biomass for the recycling of agricultural and forestry wastes. The present invention is not only useable to convert agricultural and forestry wastes into regenerative clean energy, producing more economic and environmental benefit, but may also significantly shorten the production cycle, reduce environmental pollution, improve product quality and produce a plurality of high added-value products when compared with traditional carbonization processes.
Examples:
The following examples are illustrative only and in no way limit the scope or nature of the invention as claimed.
Example 1 Stalks are used as raw material; and the water content of the raw material is controlled between 12% and 15%. The formed material bars has a diameter of 75 mm. 300 kg of stalk charcoal with a heat value of 26200 kJ/kg is obtained from 1000kg stalk raw material, and other products include 250 kg of pyroligneous liquor, 50 kg of wood tar and 300 m3 of fuel gas (having a heat value of 19000 kJ/ m).
Example 2 Wood chips are used as raw material; and the water content of the raw material is controlled between 8% and 12%. The hollow material bars has a diameter of 45 mm. 300 kg of powdered charcoal is obtained from 1000kg wood chips, its heat value of 32800 kJ/kg is higher than 29000 kJ/kg of the corresponding conventional product. Other products include . 280 kg of pyroligneous liquor, 69 kg of wood tar and 350 m3 of fuel gas. The fuel gas hays a heat value of 20000 kJ/ m3 which is also higher than the corresponding conventional product (14700 kJ/ m).
The embodiments and examples presented herein are illustrative of the general nature of the subject matter claimed and are not limiting. It will be understood by those skilled in the art how these embodiments can be readily modified and/or adapted for various applications and in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the subject matter disclosed claimed. The claims hereof are to be understood to include without limitation all alternative embodiments and equivalents of the subject matter hereof.
Phrases, words and terms employed herein are illustrative and are not limiting. Where permissible by law, all references cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. It will be appreciated that any aspects of the different embodiments disclosed herein may be combined in a range of possible alternative embodiments, and alternative combinations of features, all of which varied combinations of features are to be understood to form a part of the subject matter claimed.
Claims (8)
1. An apparatus for carbonizing biomass, said apparatus comprising a gasifying furnace and a carbonizing retort, wherein the gasifying furnace generates fuel gas and is connected to the carbonizing retort by a gas-supply pipe adapted deliver said fuel gas to said carbonizing retort.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a burner;
a fuel gas heating pipe connected between the carbonizing retort and the gas-supply pipe, and a gas-return pipe.
a burner;
a fuel gas heating pipe connected between the carbonizing retort and the gas-supply pipe, and a gas-return pipe.
3. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 and 2, further comprising a fuel gas collecting pipe, wherein the fuel gas-collecting pipe has two ends and connects with the carbonizing retort at one said end and with the gas-returning pipe said other end.
4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said fuel gas-collecting pipe communicates with said gas-returning pipe through a standpipe.
5. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 through 4, wherein the gas-returning pipe communicates with a safety guide pipe and wherein said safety guide pipe has a lower end and said lower end has an associated guide pipe holder.
6. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 through 5, wherein said gasifying furnace comprises a lower portion having a blower, said fuel gas heating pipe has an associated blower and wherein a humidity exhaust fan is provided above the carbonizing retort.
7. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 through 6, wherein the flow of materials between at least ones of:
the gasifying furnace and the gas-supply pipe;
the gas-returning pipe and the safety guide pipe;
the standpipe and the fuel gas-collecting pipe; and the gas-returning pipe and the gas-supplying pipe is regulated by a butterfly valve.
the gasifying furnace and the gas-supply pipe;
the gas-returning pipe and the safety guide pipe;
the standpipe and the fuel gas-collecting pipe; and the gas-returning pipe and the gas-supplying pipe is regulated by a butterfly valve.
8. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 through 6, wherein the flow of materials between the gasifying furnace and the gas-supply pipe;
between the gas-returning pipe and the safety guide pipe;
between the standpipe and the fuel gas-collecting pipe; and between the gas-returning pipe and the gas-supplying pipe are each regulated by a butterfly valve.
between the gas-returning pipe and the safety guide pipe;
between the standpipe and the fuel gas-collecting pipe; and between the gas-returning pipe and the gas-supplying pipe are each regulated by a butterfly valve.
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200820021642.X | 2008-04-30 | ||
| CNA200810015745XA CN101270289A (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2008-04-30 | Technique for producing wood tar |
| CNU200820021642XU CN201261765Y (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2008-04-30 | Biomass dry distillation cracking kettle |
| CN200810015745.X | 2008-04-30 | ||
| CNA2008100157479A CN101270291A (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2008-04-30 | Biomass destructive distillation cracking still |
| CN200810015747.9 | 2008-04-30 | ||
| CN200810015746.4 | 2008-04-30 | ||
| CNA2008100157464A CN101270290A (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2008-04-30 | Technique for producing machine-made charcoal |
| CA 2664868 CA2664868A1 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2009-04-29 | Method and apparatus for carbonizing biomass |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2664868 Division CA2664868A1 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2009-04-29 | Method and apparatus for carbonizing biomass |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2778787A1 true CA2778787A1 (en) | 2009-10-30 |
Family
ID=41255973
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2778787A Abandoned CA2778787A1 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2009-04-29 | Method and apparatus for carbonizing biomass |
| CA 2664868 Abandoned CA2664868A1 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2009-04-29 | Method and apparatus for carbonizing biomass |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2664868 Abandoned CA2664868A1 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2009-04-29 | Method and apparatus for carbonizing biomass |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (2) | CA2778787A1 (en) |
-
2009
- 2009-04-29 CA CA2778787A patent/CA2778787A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-04-29 CA CA 2664868 patent/CA2664868A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2664868A1 (en) | 2009-10-30 |
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