CN201896159U - Biomass fuel gas and biomass charcoal preparation system with accurate control - Google Patents
Biomass fuel gas and biomass charcoal preparation system with accurate control Download PDFInfo
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- CN201896159U CN201896159U CN2010206538689U CN201020653868U CN201896159U CN 201896159 U CN201896159 U CN 201896159U CN 2010206538689 U CN2010206538689 U CN 2010206538689U CN 201020653868 U CN201020653868 U CN 201020653868U CN 201896159 U CN201896159 U CN 201896159U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Abstract
The utility model relates to a biomass fuel gas and biomass charcoal preparation system, which can accurately control biomass thermal decomposition efficiency. The biomass fuel gas and biomass charcoal preparation system comprises three sequential working units: a feeding unit, a pyrolytic reaction unit and a discharging unit, wherein the feeding unit is provided with a helical feeding device, and the density of helical blades of the helical feeding device is varying; the pyrolytic reaction unit is provided with a pyrolytic reaction body, a helical propulsion device and an air supply device are arranged in the pyrolytic reaction body, the helical propulsion device is provided with ribbon blades, the density of the ribbon blades is alternate, and the ribbon blades are provided with rake teeth; the discharging unit is provided with a helical discharging device and an air feeding system; and the pyrolytic reaction unit is provided with a pyrolytic reaction control system. The biomass fuel gas and biomass charcoal preparation system accurately controls, integrates and optimizes the material height, the material propulsion speed and the pyrolytic reaction temperature and intensity, maximally improves the pyrolysis efficiency, prepares biomass fuel gas and biomass charcoal with good and stable quality, has a wide application field, can treat wide-ranging biomass and organic wastes, and has high automation level.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the preparation system of a kind of biological fuel gas, biomass charcoal, relates in particular to biological fuel gas, the biomass charcoal preparation system that can accurately control biomass pyrolytic efficient.
Background technology
The energy is the basis that modern society depends on for existence and development, and the supply capacity substantial connection of the energy the sustainable development of national economy, is one of basis of national strategy safety control.The situation is tense for the present energy resource supply of China, and the environmental quality burden is heavy.Because the fossil energy reserves reduce day by day, the oil price fluctuation is big, to the worry of energy security problem and to the concern of Global warming, the development clean reproducible energy has become urgent subject, the new forms of energy industry presents high development.According to the industry background and the general situation of development of the renewable energy source of extensive demonstration, be that biogas elelctrochemical power generation, biomass hydrogen energy, the biomass green liquid fuel of representative will become following important substitute energy with the biomass energy.Biomass energy belongs to clean energy, and the resource of the biological renewable energy of China is very abundant, and the extensive popularization and application of biological renewable energy helps to improve the ecological environment and CO2 reduces discharging.
Biomass are meant the various organisms that utilize atmosphere, water, soil etc. to produce by photosynthesis, and promptly all the lived organic substances that can grow are commonly referred to as biomass.Biomass comprise all plants, microorganism and are the animal of food and the waste of production thereof with plant, microorganism.Representational biomass such as farm crop, agricultural waste material, timber, timber waste and animal excrement.According to statistics, about 1,460 hundred million tons of the annual yield of biomass in the world, wherein the yield of biomass in rural area every year just has 30,000,000,000 tons, is after fossil energies such as oil, coal, Sweet natural gas, the current global the fourth-largest energy.Biomass are huge with its output, can store and advantage such as carbon cycle has caused the extensive concern in the whole world.China's biomass resource is very abundant, and total resources is not less than 3,000,000,000 tons of dry-matter/years, is equivalent to 1,000,000,000 tons of oil equivalent/years, is about 3 times of the present consumption of petroleum amount of China.Wherein, every year, only agricultural crop straw and agricultural byproducts etc. just had more than 700,000,000 ton, and except that 30% as feed, fertilizer and the industrial raw material, about 60% can be used as the energy uses.(Zhu Xifeng, Lu Qiang. biomass fast pyrogenation prepares bio oil [J]. scientific and technological Leader, 2007,25 (27): 69-75).The main by product rice husk in the paddy course of processing for example, since two thousand five, continuous 4 years of the annual production of China's paddy is more than 1.8 hundred million tons.Rice husk accounts for 20% of paddy usually, calculates like this, produces more than 3,600 ten thousand tons on rice husk per year, amounts to more than 1,800 ten thousand tons of standard coals, and visible China rice husk quantity is very huge.(Li Linna, Ying Hao, Sun Yunjuan etc. the progress [J] of China's rice husk recycling. biomass chemical engineering, 2010,44 (1): 34-38).
In March, 2010, " ecological, environmental protective " " Sustainable development " becomes the theme of Chinese two Conferences, and Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference's " motion " content is talked low-carbon environment-friendly exactly.The China international economic cooperation Yang Jin of association is valued for " Beijing finance and economics weekly " and publishes an article " 2010, with the low-carbon economy is the Industrial Revolution arriving of core ", point out: one is that the Industrial Revolution of core occurs with the low-carbon economy, low-carbon economy is the general orientation of future world Economic development structure still not, having become one of new pillar of global economy more, also is the key that China occupies the world economy competition dominance.So-called low-carbon economy; be meant under sustainable development idea instructs; by multiple means such as technological innovation, system innovation, industrial transformation, new energy developments; reduce high-carbon energy consumptions such as coal oil as much as possible; reduce greenhouse gas emission, reach a kind of Economic development form of socio-economic development and ecological environmental protection doulbe-sides' victory.Low-carbon economy is the economic model based on less energy-consumption, low pollution, low emission, is human society major progress again after agricultural civilization, industrial civilization.
Biomass energy has obtained the favor of more and more scientists with its recyclability, low contaminative, characteristics widely distributed and that total amount is abundant.The biomass energy Study on Technology has become one of great heat subject in the world with exploitation, receives countries in the world government and scientist's concern.Many countries have all formulated corresponding development research plan, and as the sunlight program of Japan, the green energy resource engineering of India, the energy farm of the U.S. and the alcohol energy plan of Brazil etc., wherein the development and use of biomass energy occupy suitable proportion.The utilization of biomass energy mainly contains 3 kinds of approach such as direct burning, thermochemistry conversion and biochemical transformations.The direct burning of biomass is the main mode of China's biomass utilization in the quite long period of history.The thermochemistry conversion of biomass is meant under certain temperature and condition, makes gasifying biomass, charing, pyrolysis and liquefaction, to produce the technology of gaseous fuel, liquid fuel and chemical substance.The biochemical transformations of biomass includes biomass-biogas conversion and biomass-ethanol conversion etc.
Biomass pyrolytic is meant that biomass are not having oxygenant (air, oxygen, water vapour etc.) to exist or only providing under the condition of limited oxygen, be heated to 250～700 ℃, biomass macromolecular substance (xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose and hemicellulose) resolved into the thermochemistry transformation technology method of fuel material (solid-state charcoal, combustible gas, bio oil) by thermal chemical reaction than small molecules.From the angle of chemical reaction it is analyzed, complicated thermal chemical reaction has taken place in biomass in pyrolytic process, comprises reactions such as molecular scission, isomerization and small molecules polymerization.(Zhao Tinglin, Wang Peng, Deng main forces etc. biomass pyrolytic present Research and prospect [J]. the new forms of energy industry, 2007,5:54-60).
The product of biomass pyrolytic is combustible pyrolysis gas and solid-state biomass charcoal, but all is the product that use in the energy supply source.Combustion gas can also further be reformed as the raw material of generating and synthetic green liquid fuel except the fuel as heat supply; Biomass charcoal also has a lot of added values except that making fuel, also as the fuel of Metal smelting, food and light industry, the reductive agent of electrosmelting protects metal not oxidized as insulating covering agent when metal is refining.On chemical industry, often make the raw material of dithiocarbonic anhydride and gac etc.Because Chinese Government bans use of timber to fire charcoal, present charcoal extensive market.
How to improve the quality of biological fuel gas and biomass charcoal? from pyrolytic reaction primary process,, can be divided into drying stage, pre-pyrolysis stage, solid catabolic phase and calcination stage according to the temperature variation of pyrolytic process and the situation of generation product etc.Drying stage, the moisture in the biomass evaporates; In the pre-pyrolysis stage, the chemical constitution of material begins small portion and changes; Solid catabolic phase (temperature is 275～475 ℃), physics, the chemical reaction of various complexity have taken place in the pyrolytic main phase, produce a large amount of degradation productions.Contain acetic acid, wood tar oil and methyl alcohol (separating out during cooling) in the product liquid that generates; Thousands of kinds of hydrocarbon components such as CO2, CO, CH4, H2 are arranged in the gaseous product, and combustiblecomponents content increases, and solid product is the mixture of the fixed carbon after ash content and the organism pyrolysis, becomes biomass charcoal, begins to generate.Above-mentioned three phases is the thermo-negative reaction stage.Calcination stage (temperature is 450～500 ℃), charcoal takes fire, and the volatile matter in the charcoal reduces, and fixed carbon content increases, and is exothermic phase.In fact, the boundary of above-mentioned four-stage is difficult to clearly divide, and the reaction process in each stage intersection is mutually carried out.
The factor that influences pyrolytic process has:
The pyrolytic process type has pyrolysis at a slow speed and fast pyrogenation.Pyrogenous origin at a slow speed fixed carbon content is higher than fast pyrogenation, and fast pyrogenation has increased liquid output (bio-oil) to greatest extent.
Temperature, temperature all has very big influence to pyrolysis product distribution, component, productive rate and pyrolysis gas calorific value.What of gas in the biomass pyrolytic final product, oil, each accounting example of charcoal have very big-difference with the height of temperature of reaction and the speed of rate of heating.In general, low temperature, long-term pyrolysis at a slow speed of being detained are mainly used in and increase the output of charcoal (Li Shuiqing to greatest extent, Li Aimin, Yan Jianhua etc. the biomass waste influence [J] that Study on Pyrolysis I. pyrolytical condition distributes to pyrolysis product in rotary kiln. solar energy journal, 2000,21 (4): 333～340.).
Biological material, characteristics such as biomass kind, molecular structure, particle diameter and shape to important influence such as biomass pyrolytic behavior and product composition (Ma Chengrong, Xiao Bo, Yang Jiakuan. biomass pyrolytic analysis of Influential Factors [J]. environmental technology, 2005,5:10～12.).This influence is quite complicated, with external characteristic actings in conjunction such as pyrolysis temperature, pressure, temperature rise rates.Because xylogen is than Mierocrystalline cellulose and the difficult decomposition of hemicellulose, thereby it is bigger to contain many persons of xylogen coke output usually.
Residence time, the branch of solid phase residence time and gas residence time is arranged in biomass pyrolytic reaction.The solid phase residence time is short more, and the shared ratio of pyrolytic solid product is just more little, and pyrolysis is complete more.Gas phase time residence time does not generally influence a scission reaction process of biomass, and gas residence time is long more, and the second pyrolysis reaction increases, and emits H2, CH4, CO etc., causes liquid product to reduce rapidly, and gaseous product increases, and fixed carbon content increases.
Pressure influences gas phase residence time, thereby influences second pyrolysis, and along with the raising of pressure, the activation energy of biomass reduces.
Temperature rise rate is very big to the pyrolytic influence.Generally pyrolysis there is the influence of the pros and cons.Temperature rise rate increases, and temperature hysteresis is just serious more, and material weightlessness and weight loss rate curve all move to the high-temperature zone.Pyrolysis rate and pyrolysis characteristic temperature all are linear growth with the raising of temperature rise rate.In certain pyrolysis time, slow heating rate can prolong the residence time of pyrolysis material at cold zone, promotes the dehydration and the carbonization reaction of Mierocrystalline cellulose and xylogen, causes the charcoal gain in yield.
In sum, biological fuel gas, biomass charcoal technology be belong at a slow speed, the low temperature pyrogenation process.
The method of now many production biomass charcoals is that the peasant adopts the crypt smoldering in the reality, promptly be close to the smoldering of starvation with a large amount of solid accumulations, product promptly is a biomass charcoal, this method temperature is uncontrollable, preventing in the production process that tar from condensing considers that quality product is uncontrollable.
The art technology scheme that can retrieve at present has:
Chinese patent 201165507.Y discloses a kind of double-roller solid heat carrier biomass pyrolysis reactor, this device adopts duplex cartridge type pyrolysis reactor structure, reactor comprises coaxial reaction cylinder and the separation barrel that is installed together, reaction cylinder internal fixing has internal helical blades, separation barrel is longer than the reaction cylinder and is sleeved on outside the reaction cylinder, and the blind end of separation barrel leaves certain distance with reacting the exit end of cylinder away from feed-pipe, and the separation barrel internal fixing has the screw-blade opposite with the internal helical blades rotation direction.This utility model does not fit into the large-scale business-like energy source use of the less biomass of density.
Chinese patent 201125229.Y discloses a kind of biomass solid particle analgesic reactor, and pyrolysis reactor is that flats is horizontal, and it is opening for feed that one section top is being communicated with feeding screw, and the other end bottom is the pyrolytic carbon outlet, and middle upper portion is provided with pyrolysis gas outlet; Reactor is inclined relative to horizontal 20-45 degree angle, and feed inlet end is higher than the RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON outlet.By the vibrational frequency of regulating pyrolyzer, the angle of inclination and the Heating temperature of bottom wall, realize purpose to pyrolytic gasification, pyrolysis liquefaction and the pyrolysis charring of biomass solid particle.But external vibration is limited to the control of pyrolytic process.
Chinese patent application 101486921A discloses a kind of biomass continuous pyrolysis carbonizing apparatus that has flexible helix transporting device, one end of this thermal decomposition tube is provided with the opening for feed that is connected with the thermal decomposition tube inner chamber body, the other end is provided with the carbon outleting port that is connected with inner chamber body, this thermal decomposition tube inner chamber body is fitted with compliant helical springs (anti-high temperature more than 500 ℃) vertically, this compliant helical springs one end is connected with the output shaft of motor by clutch shaft bearing and shaft coupling, the other end is bearing on second bearing, the heating unit that the arranged outside of this thermal decomposition tube has pair thermal decomposition tube to heat.The whole pyrolytic thermal source of this technology comes from the outside, to the bad adaptability of material, can't be used for large-scale industrial production.
Chinese patent application 101709224A discloses a kind of biomass screw pyrolysis installation and pyrolytic process, this device comprises charging system, spiral pyrolysis reactor and product gathering system, and the rotation axis that is communicated with and is provided with spiral propeller with variable-frequency motor is installed in the mesopore of reactor cylinder body two end cap; Simplified sidewall is provided with biomass feed-pipe and pyrolysis product outlet pipe, and its outlet pipe vertically feeds in the coke holding tank, and this holding tank is communicated with condenser, bio oil holding tank, tail gas discharging pipe successively by the escape pipe on the sidewall.Its technological process is the system of the outer heating of startup earlier, and making reactor temperature is 500-550 ℃; Send the biological particles raw material to reactor by inlet pipe, start variable-frequency motor simultaneously, and, determine the rotating speed of variable-frequency motor according to the residence time of setting, the axial length and the pitch of spiral pushing device; Restart the pyrolysis product gathering system.Can accurately control pyrolysis time, subregion control pyrolysis temperature makes the bio oil controllable component that obtains, and is easy to extract chemical.This device is not considered the control of the quality of combustion gas and charcoal for extracting the faster pyrolysis installation of bio oil.
International monopoly WO/2003/097729, PYROLYZER OF PREPARING BURNT OIL BY PYROLYSIS OF WASTE RUBBER, the pyrolysis groove that relates in this patent is the U type groove of sealing, an inlet is arranged at one end top, an air outlet is arranged at the other end top, an escape orifice is arranged at the bottom, and rotation axis is equipped with in groove inside, and several agitating vanes shape in the shape of a spiral are arranged on the rotation axis.Shortcoming is that pyrolytic is controlled all from the heat transfer of housing, does not also consider the variation of biomass volume.
International monopoly WO/2006/103668, METHOD AND REACTOR FOR BIOMASS PYROLYTIC CONVERSION, the pyrolysis treating method of this patent is that the dried biomass mixture of pulverizing is added in the spiral pyrolyzer, a screw shaft and conduction of current particIe system are arranged in the pyrolyzer, use the biomass of conducting particles combination drying, feed electric current and make conducting particles and biomass contain heat, the portion gas that produces through condensation in pyrolytic process can be used as the fuel of internal system generator.This utility model mainly provides thermal source by electric energy, and it is more to consume energy, the hidden danger that pyrolysis gas flows and has serious tar condensing to pile up at external jacket.
International monopoly WO/2007/015158, A PROCESS AND REACTOR FOR THE PYROLYSIS OF CARBON-CONTAINING WASTE MATERIAL relates to a kind of propulsive pyrolysis reactor of scraper-type of using, and the chuck of outer thermal source is arranged.Shortcoming is that blade structure is too complicated, volume is excessive, is difficult to the large-scale commercial applications application.
International monopoly WO/2008/082967, PYROLYZER FURNACE APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR OPERATION THEREOF, this patent relates to a kind of pyrolysis oven, pyrolysis oven is a double wall, there is a turning axle body of heater inside, and the heat in the combustion chamber reacts the heat transferred material by turning axle and chuck.The innovative point of this patent is more, controls comparatively meticulous.But pitch does not change, and does not consider the variation of volume in the biomass pyrolysis process; Screw-blade is too small, can't drive the little biomass material of density; There is not height of materials control; The gas reactor Side Volume is too small.
Generally speaking; in the present biomass pyrolytic technology to biomass material complicated component, biomass material that density is lower; pyrolytic reaction is difficult to accurate control, material and advances difficulty in the higher reactor of temperature; low, the poor reliability of pyrolysis overall efficiency, can't the mass-producing commercial applications etc. deficiency and shortcoming.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to overcome above-mentioned deficiency a kind of biological fuel gas of accurate control, biomass charcoal preparation system are provided.
The technical scheme that realizes the utility model purpose is: a kind of biological fuel gas of accurate control, biomass charcoal preparation system, it comprises: feed unit 1, pyrolytic reaction unit 2, go out 3 three successive working cells of material unit, also has pyrolytic reaction Controlling System 4, feed unit 1 has screw feeding device 11, the density that is provided with of its screw-blade changes, pyrolytic reaction unit 2 has pyrolytic reaction body 21, be provided with spiral pushing device 22, air-supply arrangement 23 in the pyrolytic reaction body 21, go out material unit 3 and have spiral discharge device 32, air conveying system 33.
The biological fuel gas of above-mentioned accurate control, biomass charcoal preparation system, described pyrolytic reaction Controlling System 4 has controlling level setting device 43, gas mixer 44, screw propulsion speed regulator 41, reaction watching device 45 and air-supply control valve 42.
The biological fuel gas of above-mentioned accurate control, biomass charcoal preparation system, the pitch of described spiral pushing device 22 spirane structures gradually changes, and screw-blade is that horizontal rake teeth 221 is arranged on band shape and the screw-blade, logical hot blast in 22 of the spiral pushing devices.
The biological fuel gas of above-mentioned accurate control, biomass charcoal preparation system, described spiral pushing device 22 is simple helix or double-spiral structure.
The biological fuel gas of above-mentioned accurate control, biomass charcoal preparation system, described air-supply arrangement 23 has the porous casing that is arranged on pyrolytic reaction body 21 bottoms.
The biological fuel gas of above-mentioned accurate control, biomass charcoal preparation system, described pyrolytic reaction body 21 external portions or all be provided with hot blast chuck 24 have wind blade and strengthen heat transfer muscle sheet in the hot blast chuck 24.
The biological fuel gas of above-mentioned accurate control, biomass charcoal preparation system, described spiral discharge device 32 outsides are provided with water jacket 31.
The biological fuel gas of above-mentioned accurate control, biomass charcoal preparation system are installed the tar grain in the described air conveying system 33 and are caught and sorting unit.
The biological fuel gas of above-mentioned accurate control, biomass charcoal preparation system, described tar grain are caught and sorting unit is the cyclonic separator that reticulation is set in the middle and lower part.
The biological fuel gas of above-mentioned accurate control, biomass charcoal preparation system, described pyrolytic reaction body 21 tops have biological fuel gas outlet 26 and the below, rear end has biomass charcoal discharge port 25, all is provided with around it and prevents the tar condensing device.
The biological fuel gas of above-mentioned accurate control, biomass charcoal preparation system, described gas mixer 44 is one or more pieces hot-air dampers.
The biological fuel gas of above-mentioned accurate control, biomass charcoal preparation system, described pyrolytic reaction body 21 is horizontal by 1-30 degree angle.
The utility model also is another invention of our company: one of unitary main realization means of pyrolytic reaction in the polyradical biological renewable energy transformation technology 200910010284.1.
For reaching above purpose, the measure that biological fuel gas charcoal preparation technology that the utility model is accurately controlled and system take is mainly: use the new and high technology in fields such as the existing energy, material, Controlling System, pyrolysis reactor moves design continuously; Accurately advance material with spiral or duplex, and the variation by pitch guarantees the height of material, spiral be the belt structure, on have rake teeth to strengthen the mixing of material, also there is hot gas screw shaft inside by strengthening the heat exchange effect of waste heat; Pyrolysis reactor is accurately controlled temperature, height of materials and the residence time of material of various biomass materials in each stage pyrolytic reaction by temperature, the rotating speed of spiral pushing device, the setting device of height of materials, the supply air system of external jacket; Material outlet has water cooling plant, after the cooling, through cyclone separation, possible tar grain is removed the quality that guarantees biomass charcoal.
The utlity model has positive effect: height of materials, material fltting speed, pyrolysis reaction temperature, the meticulous one by one control of response intensity and integration reach optimization in (1) system, the efficient of the whole biomass pyrolytic of maximized raising; (2) realize Industry Control, the stay in grade of biological fuel gas, biomass charcoal; (3) biological fuel gas, biomass charcoal quality height; (4) Application Areas is very wide, can handle biomass, organic waste widely; (5) automatization level height is controlled meticulous.
Description of drawings
Content of the present utility model is easier to be expressly understood in order to make, and according to specific embodiment also in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the utility model is described in further detail, wherein below
Fig. 1 is the biological fuel gas of accurately control, the synoptic diagram of biomass charcoal preparation system;
Fig. 2 is spiral pushing device 22 spirane structure synoptic diagram;
Feed unit 1: screw feeding device 11, feeding warehouse 12;
Pyrolytic reaction unit 2: pyrolytic reaction body 21, spiral pushing device 22, air-supply arrangement 23, hot blast chuck 24, biomass charcoal discharge port 25, biological fuel gas outlet 26;
Go out material unit 3: water jacket 31, spiral discharge device 32, air conveying system 33;
Pyrolytic reaction Controlling System 4: screw propulsion speed regulator 41, air-supply control valve 42, controlling level setting device 43, gas mixer 44, reaction watching device 45.
Embodiment
(embodiment 1)
The biological fuel gas of accurate control, the biomass charcoal preparation system has pyrolytic reaction body 21, its front end connects feeding warehouse 12, there are two discharge ports the rear end, be respectively the biological fuel gas outlet 26 of top and the biomass charcoal discharge port 25 of below, feeding warehouse 12 is connected with screw feeding device 11, the screw rod back segment of screw feeding device 11 does not have spiral, biomass charcoal discharge port 25 is connected with spiral discharge device 32, double-spiral structure spiral pushing device 22 is equipped with in pyrolytic reaction body 21 bottoms, screw-blade is belt and horizontal rake teeth is arranged, rake teeth reduces in high-temperature zone quantity, there is hot blast to pass through in the screw shaft, and air-supply arrangement 23 is equipped with in pyrolytic reaction body 21 bottoms, porose in pyrolytic reaction body 21 bottoms is density porous case at interval, hot blast passes through pipeline, from the porous casing, feed in the pyrolytic reaction body 21 through air-supply control valve 42, pyrolytic reaction body 21 front-end and back-end are installed controlling level setting device 43 and screw propulsion speed regulator 41 respectively, controlling level setting device 43 is an adjustable plate that extends downwards, regulate height of materials through adjustable plate, screw propulsion speed regulator 41 is that the variable-frequence governor of spiral pushing device 22 front ends is installed, reaction watching device 45 is installed in the pyrolytic reaction body 21, it is a tensimeter, air flowmeter and thermometer, gas mixer 44 is arranged at pyrolytic reaction body 21 inner casing tops, it is the hot-air damper of 2 adjacent settings, one section space is arranged between 2 baffle plates, and mixing is collided in combustion gas in the space.Biological fuel gas exports 26 places and biomass charcoal discharge port 25 inner periphery, and the temperature controlled electric stove wire of electrically heated is installed respectively is the device that prevents the tar coking, there is hot blast chuck 24 pyrolytic reaction body 21 outsides, hot blast chuck 24 inner heat conduction facilities are the hot blast turning vane, strengthening the heat transfer facility is heat transfer muscle sheet, water jacket 31 is equipped with in spiral discharge device 32 outsides, spiral discharge device 32 the other ends are connected with air conveying system 33, it is equipped with the cyclonic separator that the middle part is provided with seizure of oil strainer tar and sorting unit, the relative biomass charcoal density of tar granule density is bigger,, to the cyclonic separator inner casing, drawn through cyclonic separation by oil strainer.
Present embodiment is one 1.5 tons/hour a rice husk thermal decomposition system, the rice husk that gets off from the rice mill production line, rice husk is piled up certain altitude in feeding warehouse inside before entering screw feeding device 11, push closely knit, play the effect of secluding air, enter pyrolytic reaction body 21 through screw feeding device 11 then, rice husk is in screw feeding device 11, do not have the screw-blade section at screw feeding device and carry out piling up the second time extruding, further secluding air, the entrance end sealing of realization response system, rice husk is entering pyrolytic reaction body 21 backs by controlling level 43 adjustings, the height of appliance ensure material generally is to be higher than more than the spiral pushing device 10cm.
Monitor the temperature in 21 each stage in the pyrolytic reaction body in the pyrolytic reaction process by the reactor watching device 45 in the reaction control system, pressure etc., regulate the air quantity in the air-supply arrangement 23 then, and through the temperature adjustment of hot blast and the variation of air output in the chuck 24, adjust the temperature in the pyrolytic reaction body 21, reach the temperature of processing requirement.In the reaction posterior segment, guarantee 350 ℃, and stopping more than 5 minutes more than 350 ℃.The residence time is by 41 controls of screw propulsion speed regulator.Double-stranded puopulsion unit 22 is guaranteed the accurate propelling of material, and screw-blade is a belt, can guarantee that the propelling of material does not hinder pyrolysis gas flowing in material again.Adapt to the variation of the volume of pyrolysis artifact pledge material.Horizontal rake teeth is arranged between screw-blade, guarantee the thorough mixing of material, the gas that reaction produces is through gas mixer 44 thorough mixing, guarantees that gas can thorough mixing becomes the inflammable gas of stable components, can directly send into the burner heat supply.The rice hull carbon that reaction produces mainly is made up of fixed carbon and rice hull ash, respectively accounts for about 50%.Rice hull carbon is through discharge port, and discharge port end carries out the accumulation of material equally, and secluding air makes feed unit, pyrolytic reaction unit, goes out the environment that material unit forms a relative sealing.Enter spiral discharge device 32, through water jacket 31 cooling, be drawn into by wind and further cool off in the cyclonic separator of air conveying system 33 and isolate possible tar grain, the finished product rice hull carbon is dispatched from the factory through packing then.
Enter pyrolysis reactor through the material after pre-treatment and the oven dry through screw feeder.Feeding warehouse plays sealing function with solid accumulation to certain altitude and screw feeder cooperation, and the screw rod top of screw feeding device 11 does not have spiral to play the accumulation material, thereby makes material compacting play the effect of sealing.Avoid leaking out, influence the efficient of pyrolytic reaction.
Core apparatus pyrolytic reaction unit 2 is all made by metallic substance, can accelerate startup and shutdown of units speed.
System mainly is made up of controlling level setting device 43, spiral pushing device 22, speed regulation device, residual heat using device, air-supply arrangement 23, gas mixer 44, anti-coke installation, reaction watching device 45, attending device, Controlling System 4 etc., can independent meticulous control between each device or work in coordination, accurately control biomass substep and whole pyrolytic process.And along with the variation of biomass material, reaction operating mode is accurately regulated.And can accomplish the biological fuel gas of continuous commercial scale, the production of biomass charcoal.
After material was sent into pyrolytic reaction body 21, the height 40-50 that reach setting of material propulsive the time centimetre can be regulated and guarantee to height of materials setting device 43.The height of material is the heat transfer of biomass material in pyrolytic process and the assurance of mass-transfer efficiency.
According to the forward and backward volume ratio difference of the pyrolysis of different biomass materials, the ratio that spiral pushing device 22 pitch change is different, and as the rice husk raw material, pitch changes to initial 1/3.Purpose is the height that guarantees material in the reactor; Spiral is the belt structure, when guaranteeing mass transport, does not hinder the release of pyrolysis gas and the transmission of heat.There is horizontal rake teeth to strengthen the mixed effect of material on the belt spiral.There is hot gas spiral pushing device 22 screw shaft inside by strengthening the heat exchange effect of waste heat to the pyrolysis material.
The transmission speed of spiral pushing device 22 can be regulated by screw propulsion speed regulator 41, can accurately control the residence time of material.Also can control the temperature rise rate of material.The residence time of material is the important assurance of pyrolysis usefulness.All things considered, the preparation facilities of biological fuel gas, biomass charcoal belongs to pyrolytic category at a slow speed, and the fltting speed of material is slower.The tightness system of puopulsion unit is simpler relatively, mainly is made up of graphite bearing and graphite packing.
The residual heat using device of pyrolysis reactor be by the hot blast chuck 24 of reactor outside and duplex puopulsion unit 22 the axle inside have hot gas to pass through.For pyrolytic reaction provides heat, promote the heat-transfer effect of material, reduce the input of extraneous air, improve the calorific value of pyrolysis gas.It is the key of a whole set of pyrolysis reactor pyrolysis efficient.Hot gas in the chuck is mainly provided by the waste heat of system, as the tail gas of gas electricity generator, perhaps, the flue gas of boiler, perhaps other waste heats.Bootstrap system has small-sized heating unit, guarantees to enter the temperature of hot gas in chuck and the spiral promoting shaft, be higher than the necessary temperature of material pyrolysis.Bootstrap system exhausted tail gas can turn back in the small-sized heating unit, uses repeatedly.Also have the hot blast turning vane in the chuck, guarantee that hot blast can flow through all heating surfaces in chuck, the muscle sheet that conducts heat in addition on the sidewall in the chuck is strengthened the heat exchange effect and is impelled hot blast to be the Turbulence Flow state.
Air-supply arrangement is air to be crossed in preheating send in the pyrolytic reaction body 21 from the bottom, starts a spot of, partial combustion reactions, provides necessary energy to pyrolysis reactor.The pyrolysis gas of warm air and generation flowing in reacting body 21 also can be accelerated the heat transfer and the mass transfer process of pyrolytic reaction.Help to realize the pyrolytic industrial applications.The input of warm air is considerably less, and ER is generally less than 10%.The variation of warm air is the most obvious to the control of pyrolytic reaction, can regulate the temperature and the response intensity of pyrolytic reaction rapidly.
Near the biological fuel gas outlet 26 of pyrolysis reactor and the biomass charcoal discharge port 25 the temperature controlled device that prevents the tar coking of electrically heated is arranged all.The heating unit of pneumatic outlet can be guaranteed the unobstructed of exit gas pipeline on the top of housing, and helps gas and directly burn.Near the solid outlet heating unit is in the bottom of housing, and purpose is to avoid exporting the coal-tar middle oil grain of biomass charcoal, influences the quality of biomass charcoal.Anti-coke installation is controlled automatically by temperature, maintains on the tar coking temperature.
Also has a large amount of operating parameter watching devices on the pyrolytic reaction unit 2, in order to accurate control pyrolytic reaction process.As temperature, comprise the temperature monitoring of the gas side in each stage, the temperature monitoring in each stage in the temperature monitoring of each stage solid side, chuck, the temperature monitoring that hot blast is imported and exported; Pressure, the pressure monitoring of housing and chuck; The supervision of the hot blast air quantity in the flow, chuck and screw shaft, the supervision of air air-supply air quantity; Import and export the supervision of material level; Or the like.For the accurate control of pyrolytic reaction provides fast, real-time feedback.
The attending device of pyrolysis reactor mainly concentrates near the input and output material.Near the attending device that the prevention solid accumulation is arranged the charging can be opened services aperture or maintenance door is dredged.Because operating mode is abominable, also is furnished with nitrogen purging device near the discharge port.
Except above-mentioned control, regulating measure, the Controlling System of pyrolysis reactor has finally been guaranteed the realization of precision control.Temperature monitoring is the core of pyrolysis reactor control, and each control device finally all is to guarantee pyrolysis temperature, and especially the main reaction temperature and the residence time of material of pyrolysis zone are the targets of final pyrolytic reaction control.Temperature controlling is mainly realized by the temperature adjustment of chuck and the variation of hot blast rate.The temperature adjustment of chuck can guarantee the environment of pyrolytic reaction, and the variation of hot blast rate can realize the variation of pyrolytic reaction intensity fast.Mass transport speed is realized by the velocity control system of screw shaft.The adjusting of height of materials can maximize pyrolysis efficient under certain operational throughput.The material level of import is regulated, and can guarantee the sealing and the feeding of pyrolysis reactor.The material level of outlet is regulated, and also is stable for the sealing that guarantees pyrolysis reactor and discharging.
Through the pyrolysis reactor of accurately controlling, biomass are finished pyrolytic reaction.Resultant is combustion gas and the biomass charcoal after the pyrolysis.Combustion gas is discharged through the pneumatic outlet at top, enters downstream application, can mix with CO and H by combustion heat supplying or the synthetic gas reforming reactor that enters high energy
2Be fuel and the green liquid fuel such as synthesising biological matter methyl alcohol, ethanol that main gasification synthetic gas is used for gas-engine generating, SOFC fuel cell.Biomass charcoal is discharged through discharge port.
The biomass charcoal of discharging has water jacket 31 through spiral discharge device 32 outside the spiral discharge device 32, with the biomass charcoal cooling, temperature-fall period is essential, is in order to prevent the spontaneous combustion of biomass charcoal.Spiral discharge device 32 also is in order to guarantee the sealing of pyrolysis reactor.Continue through gas pumping in air conveying system 33 through spiral discharge device 32 cooled biomass charcoals, enter cyclonic separator, further cooling, the skin of cyclonic separator has the catching net of the heavier tar grain of quality, the tar grain of separation of heavy, and automatization subsequently packing, finish the packing of refined biometric matter charcoal, for sale.
(embodiment 2):
The spiral pushing device 22 of pyrolytic reaction unit 2 adopts single coil configuration in the present embodiment, and all the other are with embodiment 1, and what the present embodiment system was primarily aimed at is the heavy biomass material, for example wood chip etc.
(embodiment 3):
(embodiment 4):
It is close to dredge the back before the spiral of screw feeding device 11 is set in the present embodiment, and the pitch of spiral pushing device 22 is dwindled gradually, and all the other are with embodiment 1.
(embodiment 5):
Biological fuel gas outlet 26 is positioned at the middle part of pyrolytic reaction body 21 in the present embodiment, and all the other are with embodiment 1, with present embodiment mainly be at be some biomass material, as wood chip, pyrolysis time is longer, adopts the residence time that prolongs charcoal, elevated temperature, the quality of assurance charcoal.
(embodiment 6):
Biomass charcoal can have other direct purposes after discharge port 25 is discharged pyrolytic reaction body 21,
Can be as rice hull carbon without cooling, directly at high temperature (～350 ℃) enter rice hull carbon gac and nanometer grade silica preparation system, and the merging of two systems is used can save a large amount of heats.
Sawdust charcoal can pass through slight cooling, and die cast is sold as sawdust charcoal.
(embodiment 7):
(embodiment 8):
The utility model also is another patent of cooperation company: the part of pyrolytic reaction body in the polyradical biomass energy transformation technology, both can use separately, also can be used with reforming reactor, carbon conversion reaction device and other waste heat systems in downstream.
Above-described specific embodiment; the purpose of this utility model, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; institute is understood that; the above only is a specific embodiment of the utility model; be not limited to the utility model; all within spirit of the present utility model and principle, any modification of being made, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within the protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (12)
1. accurate biological fuel gas of control, the biomass charcoal preparation system, it comprises: feed unit (1), pyrolytic reaction unit (2), go out (3) three successive working cells of material unit, it is characterized in that: also have pyrolytic reaction Controlling System (4), feed unit (1) has screw feeding device (11), the density that is provided with of its screw-blade changes, pyrolytic reaction unit (2) has pyrolytic reaction body (21), be provided with spiral pushing device (22) in the pyrolytic reaction body (21), air-supply arrangement (23) goes out material unit (3) and has spiral discharge device (32), air conveying system (33).
2. according to accurate biological fuel gas, the biomass charcoal preparation system of controlling of claim 1, it is characterized in that: pyrolytic reaction Controlling System (4) has controlling level setting device (43), gas mixer (44), screw propulsion speed regulator (41), reaction watching device (45) and air-supply control valve (42).
3. according to accurate biological fuel gas, the biomass charcoal preparation system of controlling of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the pitch of spiral pushing device (22) spirane structure gradually changes, screw-blade is that horizontal rake teeth (221) is arranged on band shape and the screw-blade, logical hot blast in spiral pushing device (22) axle.
4. according to biological fuel gas, the biomass charcoal preparation system of the accurate control of claim 1, it is characterized in that: spiral pushing device (22) is simple helix or double-spiral structure.
5. according to biological fuel gas, the biomass charcoal preparation system of the accurate control of claim 1, it is characterized in that: air-supply arrangement (23) has the porous casing that is arranged on pyrolytic reaction body (21) bottom.
6. according to claim 1 accurately biological fuel gas, the biomass charcoal preparation system of control, it is characterized in that: pyrolytic reaction body (21) external portion or all be provided with hot blast chuck (24) has wind blade and strengthens heat transfer muscle sheet in the hot blast chuck (24).
7. according to biological fuel gas, the biomass charcoal preparation system of the accurate control of claim 1, it is characterized in that: spiral discharge device (32) outside is provided with water jacket (31).
8. biological fuel gas, the biomass charcoal preparation system of accurately controlling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the tar grain is installed in the air conveying system (33) is caught and sorting unit.
9. accurate according to Claim 8 biological fuel gas, the biomass charcoal preparation system of controlling is characterized in that: the tar grain is caught and sorting unit is the cyclonic separator that reticulation is set in the middle and lower part.
10. according to accurate biological fuel gas, the biomass charcoal preparation system of controlling of claim 1, it is characterized in that: pyrolytic reaction body (21) top has biological fuel gas outlet (26) and the below, rear end has biomass charcoal discharge port (25), all is provided with around it and prevents the tar condensing device.
11. according to biological fuel gas, biomass charcoal preparation system that claim 2 is accurately controlled, it is characterized in that: gas mixer (44) is one or more pieces hot-air dampers.
12. according to biological fuel gas, biomass charcoal preparation system that claim 1 is accurately controlled, it is characterized in that: pyrolytic reaction body (21) is horizontal by 1-30 degree angle.
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