CA2651610A1 - Air cell energy system and uses for same - Google Patents
Air cell energy system and uses for same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2651610A1 CA2651610A1 CA002651610A CA2651610A CA2651610A1 CA 2651610 A1 CA2651610 A1 CA 2651610A1 CA 002651610 A CA002651610 A CA 002651610A CA 2651610 A CA2651610 A CA 2651610A CA 2651610 A1 CA2651610 A1 CA 2651610A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- battery
- hydrogen
- air
- air cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 19
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- NYQDCVLCJXRDSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromofos Chemical compound COP(=S)(OC)OC1=CC(Cl)=C(Br)C=C1Cl NYQDCVLCJXRDSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
A metal/air battery system includes an electrolyte filter/pump/storage unit under system control to drain the metal air battery when the battery is not in use. The system may be utilized alone to produce hydrogen for further use by a hydrogen consuming device such as a vehicle engine or alternatively, in combination with a proton exchange membrane PEM to create a proton exchange membrane fuel cell which consumes the hydrogen byproduct of the metal air battery producing additional electrical current and water.
Description
Docket No.: HydrePh=-COIPR
AIR CELL ENERGY SYSTEM AND USES FOR SAME
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present inventicn relates to energy systems and more particularlq, relates to a metal/air fuel cell or battery which can be used to generate hydrogen and/or electricity based on its configuration, and whose outpat generation can be suspended and metal air cell life exlr-ended by providing an electrolyte filtering and removal system.
HACKGkOUND IIvFORMATION
[00021 h7etal-air cell batteries are widely known and their use in svste:ns that do not need fossil fuels to provic.e energy becoming increasingly mote promitient giver the recent significant rise in fossil- fuel costs. See Exhibit A attached hexeto anci incorporated herein by reference. Examples of uses for metal-air cell batteries include, for example and without limitation, electric cars, electric generators and hydrogen producing electrolysis units.
(0003] Metal-air cell battQYies are comoact and are verv environmenta'_ly benign. Se-=reral types of metals such as alumin:im (See Ex~ibit B attached hereto and fully incorporated herein by rEference! or maanesium are typically utilized to _ 1 -. . ,. . . . i . . ...... . .. . . ..:... ..
produce electricity from the reaction of oxygen in r_ite air or water. Once the metal anode is consumed by its reaction, the battery will no longer produce electr_city and the anode or cathode must be replaced to reuse the battery. The byproduct of such batteries is hydrogen and water, both of which are environmentally friendly. One of their disadvantages, however, is that they continue to consume the anode/cathcde even waen not in use, thereby greatly reducing the lifespan of the battery and making it generally unsuitable for use in applications such as automobiles, which require only intermittent power.
[0009] Accordingly, a need exists for a sys-em which u-*__lizes a metal-air cell battery as either a source of electricity to charge batto_ies or -oro;ride power for some other application, such as a hvdroge7 genPrating unit, and/or which utiyizes the hydrogen byproducL= directly such as to power an engi.r~e to pro=~ide moti.ve =orce. In addition, such a sys-er.1 shoula provide for easily inter-changing and replacing the battery using quick connect fittinqs and the like and wherein the electrolyte solution in the battery can be filtered and rerr~cved during periods of nonuse to extend the life of the battery by stopping the electricitv generation in the syste:n when not in use.
AIR CELL ENERGY SYSTEM AND USES FOR SAME
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present inventicn relates to energy systems and more particularlq, relates to a metal/air fuel cell or battery which can be used to generate hydrogen and/or electricity based on its configuration, and whose outpat generation can be suspended and metal air cell life exlr-ended by providing an electrolyte filtering and removal system.
HACKGkOUND IIvFORMATION
[00021 h7etal-air cell batteries are widely known and their use in svste:ns that do not need fossil fuels to provic.e energy becoming increasingly mote promitient giver the recent significant rise in fossil- fuel costs. See Exhibit A attached hexeto anci incorporated herein by reference. Examples of uses for metal-air cell batteries include, for example and without limitation, electric cars, electric generators and hydrogen producing electrolysis units.
(0003] Metal-air cell battQYies are comoact and are verv environmenta'_ly benign. Se-=reral types of metals such as alumin:im (See Ex~ibit B attached hereto and fully incorporated herein by rEference! or maanesium are typically utilized to _ 1 -. . ,. . . . i . . ...... . .. . . ..:... ..
produce electricity from the reaction of oxygen in r_ite air or water. Once the metal anode is consumed by its reaction, the battery will no longer produce electr_city and the anode or cathode must be replaced to reuse the battery. The byproduct of such batteries is hydrogen and water, both of which are environmentally friendly. One of their disadvantages, however, is that they continue to consume the anode/cathcde even waen not in use, thereby greatly reducing the lifespan of the battery and making it generally unsuitable for use in applications such as automobiles, which require only intermittent power.
[0009] Accordingly, a need exists for a sys-em which u-*__lizes a metal-air cell battery as either a source of electricity to charge batto_ies or -oro;ride power for some other application, such as a hvdroge7 genPrating unit, and/or which utiyizes the hydrogen byproducL= directly such as to power an engi.r~e to pro=~ide moti.ve =orce. In addition, such a sys-er.1 shoula provide for easily inter-changing and replacing the battery using quick connect fittinqs and the like and wherein the electrolyte solution in the battery can be filtered and rerr~cved during periods of nonuse to extend the life of the battery by stopping the electricitv generation in the syste:n when not in use.
[0005] These and other features and advantagEs of the preserft ir.venti;;n will be better understood by reading the following detailed descriptiorE, taken together with the drawings wherein:
[00061 FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an air cell system according to the present invention;
[00071 FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an a'_r cell system used to generate electricitv according to one embodiment of the present invention;
[0008] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an air cell sys_en according r-o the present invention in use in a vehicle hydrogec on demand sysrQn ac:;ordirig to one eralood-ment of the present irvelt ion; and [0009] E'''G. 4 is a block da.acr&3n of an electrolyte filter, storage and purnp syster- for use wi th ari a:.r cell according to one aspect of the p=eser_t inveritiiori.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBGDIME\1TS
[0010] The present invention features an air cell system 10, figure 1, also known in the industry as a fuel cell, which is adaptable and useful for multiple applications including for providing power to an electricity ut'_lizing systera 12 (such as a generator or the like) or for providing hydrogen 14 to a hy--Jrogen utilizing system 1.6 such as an automobile combustion . . 1 .. . . ... . .... . . . . ...
engine or an electrical generation systeni, as will be detailed further below.
[0011] The air ce'1 system 10 includes an actual metal/air cell batte=y 18 which makes use of a typical aluminum or magnesivm air cell. The metal/air cell 18 is ccupled to an electrol~tte filter/pumps/storage unit 20 that is shown in greater detail in figure- 4. As is well known in the industry, an aluminum or magnesium a_r cell opera-tes continuously once the electrolyte, typically salt water, is inserted in the bat;.ery.
The chemical reaction between the electrclyte and the anode and cathode eontinues un-zi= e:ther the ancde or cathode is exFendcd or there is no more electrolyte. Ac,co_ciingly, one aspecr of --he present invention conV.ernplates providing the storace and filter ur.it 20 coupled to the metali 1ir cell 18 * o serve mult iple parposes.
[00121 Firs., l:tie elec--ro'vte filter, pump az-id stc=rage unit 20 includes a filter which serves to remove any aluminu:n or magnesium material contained in the electrolyte which is the result (byproduct) of the reaction within tre air cell 18. By providing one or mo_e pumps 24, the electrolyte 26 may be circulated between the air cell 18 and the storage unit 28 to filter out any ai-urninum, r.agnesium or other particles which might serve to reduce the life of the air cell 18 or contaminate .it and make i.t work less sufficiently.
[00061 FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an air cell system according to the present invention;
[00071 FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an a'_r cell system used to generate electricitv according to one embodiment of the present invention;
[0008] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an air cell sys_en according r-o the present invention in use in a vehicle hydrogec on demand sysrQn ac:;ordirig to one eralood-ment of the present irvelt ion; and [0009] E'''G. 4 is a block da.acr&3n of an electrolyte filter, storage and purnp syster- for use wi th ari a:.r cell according to one aspect of the p=eser_t inveritiiori.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBGDIME\1TS
[0010] The present invention features an air cell system 10, figure 1, also known in the industry as a fuel cell, which is adaptable and useful for multiple applications including for providing power to an electricity ut'_lizing systera 12 (such as a generator or the like) or for providing hydrogen 14 to a hy--Jrogen utilizing system 1.6 such as an automobile combustion . . 1 .. . . ... . .... . . . . ...
engine or an electrical generation systeni, as will be detailed further below.
[0011] The air ce'1 system 10 includes an actual metal/air cell batte=y 18 which makes use of a typical aluminum or magnesivm air cell. The metal/air cell 18 is ccupled to an electrol~tte filter/pumps/storage unit 20 that is shown in greater detail in figure- 4. As is well known in the industry, an aluminum or magnesium a_r cell opera-tes continuously once the electrolyte, typically salt water, is inserted in the bat;.ery.
The chemical reaction between the electrclyte and the anode and cathode eontinues un-zi= e:ther the ancde or cathode is exFendcd or there is no more electrolyte. Ac,co_ciingly, one aspecr of --he present invention conV.ernplates providing the storace and filter ur.it 20 coupled to the metali 1ir cell 18 * o serve mult iple parposes.
[00121 Firs., l:tie elec--ro'vte filter, pump az-id stc=rage unit 20 includes a filter which serves to remove any aluminu:n or magnesium material contained in the electrolyte which is the result (byproduct) of the reaction within tre air cell 18. By providing one or mo_e pumps 24, the electrolyte 26 may be circulated between the air cell 18 and the storage unit 28 to filter out any ai-urninum, r.agnesium or other particles which might serve to reduce the life of the air cell 18 or contaminate .it and make i.t work less sufficiently.
[0013] The presant system aiso c4ntemplates a conl.rol signal 30 provided to Yonrrol the =unctions of the water purr.r!si 24.
Fo-- examole, wheri t.ae systeni of the present invention is usa-d in a vehicle and the vehicle's key is turned to the off posltion, a control signal 30 could be received and utilized to activate one of the water pumps 24 to drain the electrolyte 26 from the air cell 18, thus stopping the reaction within the air cell 18 and conserving the 14-fe of the air cell 18. Ccnverse].y, when rhe vehicle's ignition key is turr.ed on, a water pump 24 could be used to reverse the flow, fill the air cell 18 with electrolyte solution 26 thus causir.g the air cell 18 -:o begin and continae producing hydrogen and eleci r:'Lcity.
[0014] As shown in one elubod:_nenw in figure 2, the metal/air cell syste.a 1C may be utilized to produce hydrogen 35, a normal byproduct of the netal air battery 19. By proyidic:g the nydrogen output 35 of the meta7. air bal.Cery 18 tc a proton exchange membrane 32 and in addition providing a source of forced air 34, the proton exchange meirkbrane 32 (as described in greater detail in Appendix C attached hereto and fully incorporated hereir by reference) utilizes the hydrogen fuel as well as the oxygen =rom the forced air input 34 to transform the chemical energy expended during the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy 36 and water 38. An excmplarv FE[-I men.brane irict.ides the copolymer NAFIDiq by Dupont - J ~
. .. . .. , . . . . . .. .. . .. . . ... .. . .. ... . . I ,.. ...,. .. ., .
.. .. . . ,. .. . . .
de Netr.ours Company. See Appendix D attached hereto and incorporated fully herein by reference for fur:.her information rPgarcii.ng this product. Ac:cuidirigly, by capturing the proc."uct of the reaction within the met al air battery (namely hydrcgen gas) and then introducing it through the PEM nembrane, the ccnsumables in the metal layer battery are utilized with greater efficiency by increasing the line output ;voltage and amperage', without having to increase the surface area of the anode or cathode within the metal air battery. Another feature of this invention is the provision of -eiectxieal and/or l5.quid/gas disconnects 33, 37 whi_ch a---ow the metal air battery 18 to be quicklv aiid eLiic,.i.eriL1y removed from the system 1.0 and rep?aced when the anode ar.u or cathode are either f.ully expended or reduced in effici-ercy So as needing to be changed.
j0015] ?n ar:other embodiment of the metal air '-batteri system 10, Figure 4, 9.n Use in a vehicle hydrogen cn demand system, an electrolysis unit B, 51, powered by electricity 49 froir a=uel cell 18 separates hydrogen and oxygen from water 50. The hydrogen 52 created from the electrolysis unit as well as the hydrogen 54 created from the air cell 18 is stored in one or nore tanks Di or D2 and utilized 56 as hydrogen input to an engine 58 in an automobile or other vehicle. Appropriate electror_xcs are used to control hydroqen flow rate, pressure switches and in;cctors, to control the floc. and speed of the . ..... . . I .. . ... . .. . ..... . . ._ . .
hydrogeri sent to the automobile's engine. In a hybrid s=tuat i.on, -ni.x.inc hydT:ugen wl.t}: gasoline can i ncrease thn engines efficiency by 15% or more. Thus, both the electrical and hydrogen outnut of the metal air battery systeff. ray be used in multiple applications at the same time.
[0016] Accordingly, the present ?nvent?on provides a rneta-, air battery system incorporating quick connect coupling for the battery; a metal air bat-:~ery electrolyte filter/pumpistorage device to disable the metal/air battery during periods.wnen the battery is not needed; and the ability- to harness the electric'ty anci/ux- hvdrogen output of the metal air ;e1 ] ei tt-er alone o~ through a PEM nembr.anc- tc produce additional e_'ectrici.ty or to utilize the hydrogen for other p-arposes includ=ng pcwering a vehicle.
[0017] Modificaticns and substitutions by one of crdinar.;; sKi.1.1 in the art arc considered to be within the scope of the present invention, which is not to be _imited except by the allowed claims and they are legally equivaler.ts.
Fo-- examole, wheri t.ae systeni of the present invention is usa-d in a vehicle and the vehicle's key is turned to the off posltion, a control signal 30 could be received and utilized to activate one of the water pumps 24 to drain the electrolyte 26 from the air cell 18, thus stopping the reaction within the air cell 18 and conserving the 14-fe of the air cell 18. Ccnverse].y, when rhe vehicle's ignition key is turr.ed on, a water pump 24 could be used to reverse the flow, fill the air cell 18 with electrolyte solution 26 thus causir.g the air cell 18 -:o begin and continae producing hydrogen and eleci r:'Lcity.
[0014] As shown in one elubod:_nenw in figure 2, the metal/air cell syste.a 1C may be utilized to produce hydrogen 35, a normal byproduct of the netal air battery 19. By proyidic:g the nydrogen output 35 of the meta7. air bal.Cery 18 tc a proton exchange membrane 32 and in addition providing a source of forced air 34, the proton exchange meirkbrane 32 (as described in greater detail in Appendix C attached hereto and fully incorporated hereir by reference) utilizes the hydrogen fuel as well as the oxygen =rom the forced air input 34 to transform the chemical energy expended during the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy 36 and water 38. An excmplarv FE[-I men.brane irict.ides the copolymer NAFIDiq by Dupont - J ~
. .. . .. , . . . . . .. .. . .. . . ... .. . .. ... . . I ,.. ...,. .. ., .
.. .. . . ,. .. . . .
de Netr.ours Company. See Appendix D attached hereto and incorporated fully herein by reference for fur:.her information rPgarcii.ng this product. Ac:cuidirigly, by capturing the proc."uct of the reaction within the met al air battery (namely hydrcgen gas) and then introducing it through the PEM nembrane, the ccnsumables in the metal layer battery are utilized with greater efficiency by increasing the line output ;voltage and amperage', without having to increase the surface area of the anode or cathode within the metal air battery. Another feature of this invention is the provision of -eiectxieal and/or l5.quid/gas disconnects 33, 37 whi_ch a---ow the metal air battery 18 to be quicklv aiid eLiic,.i.eriL1y removed from the system 1.0 and rep?aced when the anode ar.u or cathode are either f.ully expended or reduced in effici-ercy So as needing to be changed.
j0015] ?n ar:other embodiment of the metal air '-batteri system 10, Figure 4, 9.n Use in a vehicle hydrogen cn demand system, an electrolysis unit B, 51, powered by electricity 49 froir a=uel cell 18 separates hydrogen and oxygen from water 50. The hydrogen 52 created from the electrolysis unit as well as the hydrogen 54 created from the air cell 18 is stored in one or nore tanks Di or D2 and utilized 56 as hydrogen input to an engine 58 in an automobile or other vehicle. Appropriate electror_xcs are used to control hydroqen flow rate, pressure switches and in;cctors, to control the floc. and speed of the . ..... . . I .. . ... . .. . ..... . . ._ . .
hydrogeri sent to the automobile's engine. In a hybrid s=tuat i.on, -ni.x.inc hydT:ugen wl.t}: gasoline can i ncrease thn engines efficiency by 15% or more. Thus, both the electrical and hydrogen outnut of the metal air battery systeff. ray be used in multiple applications at the same time.
[0016] Accordingly, the present ?nvent?on provides a rneta-, air battery system incorporating quick connect coupling for the battery; a metal air bat-:~ery electrolyte filter/pumpistorage device to disable the metal/air battery during periods.wnen the battery is not needed; and the ability- to harness the electric'ty anci/ux- hvdrogen output of the metal air ;e1 ] ei tt-er alone o~ through a PEM nembr.anc- tc produce additional e_'ectrici.ty or to utilize the hydrogen for other p-arposes includ=ng pcwering a vehicle.
[0017] Modificaticns and substitutions by one of crdinar.;; sKi.1.1 in the art arc considered to be within the scope of the present invention, which is not to be _imited except by the allowed claims and they are legally equivaler.ts.
Claims (2)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A metal/air fuel cell, comprising a metal/air cell battery containing electrolyte;
an electrolyte filter, pump and storage unit coupled to the battery and containing a filter to remove aluminum or magnesium material in the electrolyte; and means to generate a control signal to cause the pump to remove the electrolyte from the battery when the fuel cell is not in use.
an electrolyte filter, pump and storage unit coupled to the battery and containing a filter to remove aluminum or magnesium material in the electrolyte; and means to generate a control signal to cause the pump to remove the electrolyte from the battery when the fuel cell is not in use.
2. A metal/air fuel cell as disclosed in the specification and Figures 1 through 4 herein.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US8048608P | 2008-07-14 | 2008-07-14 | |
| US61/080,486 | 2008-07-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2651610A1 true CA2651610A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
Family
ID=41565864
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002651610A Abandoned CA2651610A1 (en) | 2008-07-14 | 2009-01-29 | Air cell energy system and uses for same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2651610A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014041447A1 (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2014-03-20 | Neos Alternatives Inc | Fuel and electrical power generating unit |
| US9768479B2 (en) | 2014-01-02 | 2017-09-19 | Phinergy Ltd. | Hybrid metal air system and method |
-
2009
- 2009-01-29 CA CA002651610A patent/CA2651610A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014041447A1 (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2014-03-20 | Neos Alternatives Inc | Fuel and electrical power generating unit |
| US9768479B2 (en) | 2014-01-02 | 2017-09-19 | Phinergy Ltd. | Hybrid metal air system and method |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20120130 |