CA2547313C - Halide free precursors for catalysts - Google Patents
Halide free precursors for catalysts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2547313C CA2547313C CA2547313A CA2547313A CA2547313C CA 2547313 C CA2547313 C CA 2547313C CA 2547313 A CA2547313 A CA 2547313A CA 2547313 A CA2547313 A CA 2547313A CA 2547313 C CA2547313 C CA 2547313C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- support material
- palladium
- gold
- oac
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 189
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 title claims description 92
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 title description 9
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 357
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 212
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000012041 precatalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 111
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 71
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 50
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 25
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- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical compound [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-M pent-4-enoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC=C HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003283 rhodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007581 slurry coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SDKPSXWGRWWLKR-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)[O-] SDKPSXWGRWWLKR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
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- B01J23/52—Gold
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
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- B01J23/66—Silver or gold
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
- B01J37/0221—Coating of particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/04—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides onto unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
- C07C67/05—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides onto unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds with oxidation
- C07C67/055—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides onto unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds with oxidation in the presence of platinum group metals or their compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/066—Zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/08—Silica
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/464—Rhodium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/58—Platinum group metals with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/396—Distribution of the active metal ingredient
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/396—Distribution of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/397—Egg shell like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/396—Distribution of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/398—Egg yolk like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/396—Distribution of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/399—Distribution of the active metal ingredient homogeneously throughout the support particle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US53093703P | 2003-12-19 | 2003-12-19 | |
| US60/530,937 | 2003-12-19 | ||
| PCT/US2004/038815 WO2005065819A1 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-11-19 | Halide free precursors for catalysts |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2547313A1 CA2547313A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
| CA2547313C true CA2547313C (en) | 2010-11-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2547313A Expired - Fee Related CA2547313C (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-11-19 | Halide free precursors for catalysts |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1694434A1 (uk) |
| JP (2) | JP5096003B2 (uk) |
| KR (1) | KR100897641B1 (uk) |
| CN (1) | CN100464844C (uk) |
| AU (1) | AU2004311901B2 (uk) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0417164A (uk) |
| CA (1) | CA2547313C (uk) |
| NO (1) | NO20062529L (uk) |
| NZ (1) | NZ547071A (uk) |
| PL (1) | PL380019A1 (uk) |
| RU (1) | RU2397017C2 (uk) |
| UA (1) | UA94207C2 (uk) |
| WO (1) | WO2005065819A1 (uk) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200604361B (uk) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP4835011B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-17 | 2011-12-14 | 東ソー株式会社 | シリカアルミナを含む新規な構造体、およびその製造方法。 |
| DE102007022052A1 (de) * | 2007-05-08 | 2008-11-13 | Basell Polyolefine Gmbh | Katalysatorsystem zur Olefinpolymerisation, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung, sowie ein Verfahren zur Polymerisation von a-Olefinen unter Verwendung des Katalysatorsystems |
| FR2934264B1 (fr) * | 2008-07-22 | 2012-07-20 | Arkema France | Fabrication d'esters de vinyle a partir de matieres renouvelables, esters de vinyle obtenus et utilisations |
| US7960503B2 (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2011-06-14 | Solutia, Inc. | Continuous washing of poly(vinyl butyral) |
| DE102011101459A1 (de) * | 2011-05-13 | 2012-11-15 | Süd-Chemie AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines metallhaltigen Schalenkatalysators ohne Zwischenkalzinierung |
| DE102012008714A1 (de) * | 2012-05-03 | 2013-11-07 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Vorimprägnierung von Schalenkatalysatoren mit einem Acetat |
| CN104549515B (zh) * | 2013-10-28 | 2019-04-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 醋酸乙烯催化剂和其制备方法 |
| DE102014224470A1 (de) | 2014-11-28 | 2016-06-02 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Entfernung von Sauerstoff aus Kohlenwasserstoffgasen |
| JP6606213B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-28 | 2019-11-13 | 俊夫 小室 | フォトン及びイオンを発生する健康増進組成物 |
| RU2744920C1 (ru) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-03-17 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина" | Способ приготовления биметаллических палладий-родиевых катализаторов (варианты) |
| CN114433199B (zh) * | 2020-10-31 | 2023-09-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种用于氨化反应的催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2249764T3 (es) * | 1994-02-22 | 2006-04-01 | The Standard Oil Company | Proceso de preparacion de un catalizador para fabricar acetato de vinilo en un lecho fluido. |
| DE19501891C1 (de) * | 1995-01-23 | 1996-09-26 | Degussa | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Trägerkatalysators und seine Verwendung für die Produktion von Vinylacetat |
| DE19723591A1 (de) * | 1997-06-05 | 1998-12-10 | Hoechst Ag | Katalysator, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung zur Herstellung von Vinylacetat |
| GB9813367D0 (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 1998-08-19 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Catalyst |
| DE10030039A1 (de) * | 2000-06-17 | 2002-01-10 | Celanese Chem Europe Gmbh | Katalysator zur Herstellung von Vinylacetat und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Katalysators |
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2004
- 2004-11-19 ZA ZA200604361A patent/ZA200604361B/en unknown
- 2004-11-19 WO PCT/US2004/038815 patent/WO2005065819A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-11-19 KR KR1020067010652A patent/KR100897641B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-11-19 PL PL380019A patent/PL380019A1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-11-19 UA UAA200606848A patent/UA94207C2/uk unknown
- 2004-11-19 JP JP2006545664A patent/JP5096003B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2004-11-19 BR BRPI0417164-0A patent/BRPI0417164A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-11-19 EP EP04811518A patent/EP1694434A1/en not_active Ceased
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2006
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2012
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1894034A (zh) | 2007-01-10 |
| JP2012196674A (ja) | 2012-10-18 |
| CN100464844C (zh) | 2009-03-04 |
| AU2004311901A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
| UA94207C2 (uk) | 2011-04-26 |
| RU2397017C2 (ru) | 2010-08-20 |
| PL380019A1 (pl) | 2006-12-11 |
| NZ547071A (en) | 2010-05-28 |
| CA2547313A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
| AU2004311901B2 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
| NO20062529L (no) | 2006-07-03 |
| EP1694434A1 (en) | 2006-08-30 |
| KR20060096092A (ko) | 2006-09-05 |
| BRPI0417164A (pt) | 2007-03-06 |
| JP5096003B2 (ja) | 2012-12-12 |
| ZA200604361B (en) | 2007-11-28 |
| RU2006119184A (ru) | 2007-12-20 |
| KR100897641B1 (ko) | 2009-05-14 |
| WO2005065819A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
| JP2007514541A (ja) | 2007-06-07 |
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