CA2527381A1 - Procede et installation de production simultanee d'un gaz naturel apte a etre liquefie et d'une coupe de liquides du gaz naturel - Google Patents

Procede et installation de production simultanee d'un gaz naturel apte a etre liquefie et d'une coupe de liquides du gaz naturel Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2527381A1
CA2527381A1 CA002527381A CA2527381A CA2527381A1 CA 2527381 A1 CA2527381 A1 CA 2527381A1 CA 002527381 A CA002527381 A CA 002527381A CA 2527381 A CA2527381 A CA 2527381A CA 2527381 A1 CA2527381 A1 CA 2527381A1
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Prior art keywords
natural gas
gas
column
purified
treated
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CA002527381A
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CA2527381C (fr
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Henri Paradowski
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Technip Energies France SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0238—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 2 carbon atoms or more
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0057—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream after expansion of the liquid refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
    • F25J1/0216—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle using a C3 pre-cooling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F25J1/0231—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the working-up of the hydrocarbon feed, e.g. reinjection of heavier hydrocarbons into the liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0237—Heat exchange integration integrating refrigeration provided for liquefaction and purification/treatment of the gas to be liquefied, e.g. heavy hydrocarbon removal from natural gas
    • F25J1/0239—Purification or treatment step being integrated between two refrigeration cycles of a refrigeration cascade, i.e. first cycle providing feed gas cooling and second cycle providing overhead gas cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/04—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a dual pressure main column system
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/74—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the partially condensed overhead gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/78—Refluxing the column with a liquid stream originating from an upstream or downstream fractionator column
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
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    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air
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    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
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    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/12—External refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
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    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/60—Closed external refrigeration cycle with single component refrigerant [SCR], e.g. C1-, C2- or C3-hydrocarbons
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    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/66—Closed external refrigeration cycle with multi component refrigerant [MCR], e.g. mixture of hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
    • F25J2280/02—Control in general, load changes, different modes ("runs"), measurements

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
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  • Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

Ce procédé comprend les étapes suivantes :(a) on introduit le gaz naturel de départ (101) dans une première colonne de distillation (31) qui produit en tête un gaz naturel pré-traité (111), lequel gaz naturel pré-traité (111) ne contient pratiquement plus d'hydrocarbures en C6+ ; (b) on introduit le gaz naturel pré-traité (111) dans une unité (19) de récupération des LGN comprenant au moins une deuxième colonne de distillation (49), de façon à produire, d'une part, en tête de colonne, un gaz naturel purifié (151), et d'autre part, une coupe de LGN (15) ; et (c) on forme ledit gaz naturel apte à être liquéfié (161) à partir du gaz naturel purifié (151) issu de l'étape (b ) .

Claims (13)

1. Procédé de production simultanée d'un gaz naturel (161) apte à
être liquéfié et d'une coupe (15) de liquides de gaz naturel (LGN) à partir d'un gaz naturel de départ (101) comprenant de l'azote, du méthane, des hydrocarbures en C2 à C5, et des hydrocarbures lourds en C6+ ;
du type comprenant les étapes suivantes:
(a) on pré-traite ledit gaz naturel de départ (101) pour obtenir un gaz naturel pré-traité (111);
(b) on refroidit le gaz naturel pré-traité (111) issu de l'étape (a) jus-qu'à une température voisine de son point de rosée ;
(c) on détend le gaz naturel pré-traité refroidi (117) issu de l'étape (b) et on introduit le gaz naturel détendu (121, 127, 129) dans une unité (19) de récupération des LGN comprenant au moins une colonne de distillation principale (49), de façon à produire, d'une part, en tête de colonne, un gaz naturel purifié (151), et d'autre part, ladite coupe de LGN (15) ; et (d) on forme ledit gaz naturel apte à être liquéfié (161) à partir du gaz naturel purifié (151) issu de l'étape (c) ;
caractérisé en ce que l'étape (a) comprend les sous-étapes suivan-tes:
(a1) on refroidit le gaz naturel de départ (101) jusqu'à une tempéra-ture voisine de son point de rosée ;
(a2) on introduit ledit gaz naturel de départ refroidi (103) issu de l'étape (a1) dans une colonne de distillation auxiliaire (31) équipée d'un condenseur de tête (32) produisant un reflux, la colonne de distillation auxi-liaire (31) opérant à une pression comprise entre 45 et 65 bars et produisant en tête ledit gaz naturel pré-traité (111), lequel gaz naturel pré-traité
(111) ne confient pratiquement plus d'hydrocarbures en C6+, cette colonne de dis-tillation auxiliaire (31) produisant en outre une coupe (105) d'hydrocarbures lourds essentiellement en C6+;
en ce que l'étape (c) comprend les sous-étapes suivantes:
(c1) on introduit le gaz naturel pré-traité refroidi (117) issu de l'étape (b) dans un ballon séparateur (47) pour obtenir un flux liquide (121) et un flux gazeux (125);

(c2) on détend le flux gazeux (125) issu de l'étape (c1) dans une turbine (51) accouplée à un premier compresseur (53);

(c3) on introduit le flux (129) issu de l'étape (c2) dans la colonne principale (49) à un niveau N3 intermédiaire;

(c4) on détend le flux liquide (121) issu de l'étape (c1) et on introduit ce flux liquide (121) détendu dans la colonne principale (49) à un niveau N2 inférieur au niveau N3;

et en ce que le gaz naturel apte à être liquéfié (161) comprend en outre une partie (115) du gaz naturel pré-traité (111) directement issu de l'étape (a).
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'étape (d) comprend les sous-étapes suivantes:

(d1) on comprime à une pression de liquéfaction le gaz naturel puri-fié (151) extrait de la tête de ladite colonne principale (49) dans au moins le premier compresseur (53);

(d2) on refroidit le gaz naturel purifié comprimé (155) issu de l'étape (d1), par échange de chaleur avec ledit gaz naturel purifié (151) extrait de la tête de la colonne principale (49), dans un premier échangeur de chaleur (41), pour produire le gaz naturel apte à être liquéfié (161).
3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'étape (b) comprend la sous-étape suivante:

(b1) on refroidit le gaz naturel pré-traité (113) issu de l'étape (a) par échange de chaleur avec le gaz naturel purifié (151) extrait de la deuxième colonne principale (49) dans un deuxième échangeur de chaleur (43).
4. Procédé selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que, dans l'étape (d1), on comprime le gaz naturel purifié (153) comprimé en sor-tie du premier compresseur (53) dans un deuxième compresseur (55) ali-menté par une source d'énergie externe (56) pour atteindre ladite pression de liquéfaction.
5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, carac-térisé en ce que la pression de la colonne de distillation principale (49) est supérieure à 35 bars.
6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, carac-térisé en ce qu'il comprend une phase de démarrage dans laquelle le gaz naturel apte à être liquéfié (161) est constitué majoritairement ou totalement par le gaz naturel pré-traité (111) directement issu de l'étape (a), ledit gaz naturel apte à être liquéfié (161) étant relativement enrichi en hydrocarbures de C2 à C5, et en ce que le procédé comprend une phase ultérieure de pro-duction dans laquelle la partie (115) de gaz naturel pré-traité (111) directe-ment issue de l'étape (a) dans le gaz naturel apte à être liquéfié (161) est ajustée en fonction de la teneur en hydrocarbures de C2 à C5 désirée dans le gaz naturel apte à être liquéfié (161).
7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un liquide (105) produit par la colonne auxiliaire (31) est détendu et introduit dans la colonne principale (49).
8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la colonne de distillation auxiliaire (31) est adaptée pour extraire sensiblement 98% en moles des hydrocarbures en C6+ pré-sents dans le gaz naturel de départ (101).
9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la teneur molaire en hydrocarbures en C6+ dans le gaz naturel prétraité (111) est sensiblement égale à 57 ppm.
10. installation de production simultanée d'un gaz naturel apte à
être liquéfié (161) et d'une coupe (15) de liquides de gaz naturel (LGN) à
partir d'un gaz naturel de départ (101) comprenant de l'azote, du méthane, des hydrocarbures en C2 à C5, et des hydrocarbures lourds en C6+ , du type comprenant:
(a) une unité (17) de pré-traitement dudit gaz naturel de départ (11) pour obtenir un gaz naturel pré-traité (111) ;
(b) des moyens (43) de refroidissement du gaz naturel pré-traité
(111) jusqu'à une température voisine de son point de rosée ;
(c) une unité (19) de récupération des LGN comprenant des moyens de détente (51, 123, 131) du gaz naturel pré-traité refroidi (117) et comprenant au moins une colonne principale de distillation (49) qui produit, d'une part, en tête de colonne, un gaz naturel purifié (151), et d'autre part ladite coupe de LGN (15); et (d) des moyens (53, 55, 41) de formation du gaz naturel apte à être liquéfié à partir du gaz naturel purifié (151) issu de l'étape (c);
caractérisée en ce que l'unité (17) de pré-traitement comprend (a1) des moyens (25, 27, 29) de refroidissement du gaz naturel de départ (101) jusqu'à une température voisine de son point de rosée ;
(a2) une colonne de distillation auxiliaire (31) du gaz naturel de dé-part refroidi (103) équipée d'un condenseur de tête (32) produisant un reflux, - la colonne de distillation auxiliaire (31) opérant à une pression comprise en tre 45 et 65 bars et produisant en tête ledit gaz naturel pré-traité (111), le-quel ne contient pratiquement plus d'hydrocarbures en C6+, cette colonne auxiliaire produisant en outre une coupe (105) d'hydrocarbures lourds es-sentiellement en C6+;
en ce que l'unité (19) de récupération des LNG comprend (c1) un ballon séparateur (47) du gaz naturel pré-traité refroidi (117) qui produit un flux liquide (121) et un flux gazeux (119);
(c2) une première turbine de détente (51) dudit flux gazeux accou-plée à un premier compresseur (53);
(c3) des moyens d'introduction du flux gazeux détendu (129) dans la colonne principale (49) à un niveau intermédiaire N3 ;
(c4) des moyens de détente (123) dudit flux liquide (121) et des moyens d'introduction du flux liquide détendu dans la colonne principale (49) à un niveau N2 inférieur à N3 ;
et en ce que les moyens de formation du gaz naturel apte à être li-quéfié (161) comprennent des moyens d'introduction sélective d'une partie réglable (115) du gaz naturel pré-traité (111) directement, issu de l'unité de pré-traitement (17) dans une conduite de gaz naturel apte à être liquéfié
(161).
11. Installation selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de formation (53, 55, 41) du gaz naturel apte à être liquéfié (161) comprennent:

(d1) des moyens (53, 55) de compression du gaz naturel purifié
(151) extrait de la tête de la colonne principale (49) à une pression de liqué-faction, comportant au moins le premier compresseur (53);

(d2) un premier échangeur de chaleur (41) qui met le gaz naturel purifié comprimé (155) issu desdits moyens de compression (53, 55) en rela-tion d'échange thermique avec ledit gaz naturel purifié (151) extrait de la tête de la colonne principale (49), ledit gaz naturel purifié comprimé (155) étant refroidi dans ce premier échangeur (41) pour produire le gaz naturel apte à
être liquéfié (161).
12. Installation selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de refroidissement (43) du gaz naturel pré-traité (111) comprennent un deuxième échangeur de chaleur (43) qui met ce gaz (111) en relation d'échange thermique avec ledit gaz naturel purifié (151) extrait de la colonne principale (49).
13. installation selon la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de compression (53, 55) du gaz naturel purifié (151) extrait de la tête de la colonne principale (49) comprennent en outre un deuxième compresseur (55) entraîné par une source d'énergie externe et destiné à
augmenter la pression du gaz naturel purifié comprimé (155) jusqu'à la pression de liquéfaction.
CA2527381A 2003-06-02 2004-05-28 Procede et installation de production simultanee d'un gaz naturel apte a etre liquefie et d'une coupe de liquides du gaz naturel Expired - Lifetime CA2527381C (fr)

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FR03/06632 2003-06-02
FR0306632A FR2855526B1 (fr) 2003-06-02 2003-06-02 Procede et installation de production simultanee d'un gaz naturel apte a etre liquefie et d'une coupe de liquides du gaz naturel
PCT/FR2004/001334 WO2004108865A2 (fr) 2003-06-02 2004-05-28 Procede et installation de production simultanee d'un gaz naturel apte a etre liquefie et d'une coupe de liquides du gaz naturel.

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