CA2516467A1 - Trimeric macrocyclically substituted benzene derivatives - Google Patents
Trimeric macrocyclically substituted benzene derivatives Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2516467A1 CA2516467A1 CA002516467A CA2516467A CA2516467A1 CA 2516467 A1 CA2516467 A1 CA 2516467A1 CA 002516467 A CA002516467 A CA 002516467A CA 2516467 A CA2516467 A CA 2516467A CA 2516467 A1 CA2516467 A1 CA 2516467A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tris
- mmol
- stands
- hours
- general formula
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical class [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 title description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 132
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 82
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002678 macrocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008177 pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010253 intravenous injection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- RJOJUSXNYCILHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(3+) Chemical compound [Gd+3] RJOJUSXNYCILHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001361 intraarterial administration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000018389 neoplasm of cerebral hemisphere Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RRBYUSWBLVXTQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclene Chemical compound C12CC3CC2C1(C)C3(C)C RRBYUSWBLVXTQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RRBYUSWBLVXTQN-VZCHMASFSA-N tricyclene Natural products C([C@@H]12)C3C[C@H]1C2(C)C3(C)C RRBYUSWBLVXTQN-VZCHMASFSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WAEMQWOKJMHJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese(2+) Chemical compound [Mn+2] WAEMQWOKJMHJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010008118 cerebral infarction Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- IOIFRTZBJMZZFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium(3+) Chemical compound [Dy+3] IOIFRTZBJMZZFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 125000006355 carbonyl methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- LNBHUCHAFZUEGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium(3+) Chemical compound [Eu+3] LNBHUCHAFZUEGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 abstract description 43
- 229940039231 contrast media Drugs 0.000 abstract description 26
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 219
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 219
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 164
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 126
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 106
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 91
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 87
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 81
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 80
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 80
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 76
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 76
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 75
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 74
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 64
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 64
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 50
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 48
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 48
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 47
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 45
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 43
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 39
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 38
- -1 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl Chemical group 0.000 description 36
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethyl ester of formic acid Natural products O=COCC1=CC=CC=C1 UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 26
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- QBPPRVHXOZRESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane Chemical compound C1CNCCNCCNCCN1 QBPPRVHXOZRESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 17
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- ZPDFIIGFYAHNSK-CTHHTMFSSA-K 2-[4,10-bis(carboxylatomethyl)-7-[(2r,3s)-1,3,4-trihydroxybutan-2-yl]-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-1-yl]acetate;gadolinium(3+) Chemical compound [Gd+3].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)N1CCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC1 ZPDFIIGFYAHNSK-CTHHTMFSSA-K 0.000 description 15
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229960003411 gadobutrol Drugs 0.000 description 15
- 229940075613 gadolinium oxide Drugs 0.000 description 15
- 229910001938 gadolinium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Gd+3].[Gd+3] CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- DGAIEPBNLOQYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iopromide Chemical compound COCC(=O)NC1=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)N(C)CC(O)CO)=C1I DGAIEPBNLOQYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229960002603 iopromide Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- NQTADLQHYWFPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Hydroxysuccinimide Chemical compound ON1C(=O)CCC1=O NQTADLQHYWFPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229940106681 chloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 9
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 8
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000010640 amide synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- SHFJWMWCIHQNCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydron;tetrabutylazanium;sulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC SHFJWMWCIHQNCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZJAGBOFIFIRVDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3,5-bis(benzylsulfonyloxymethyl)-2,4,6-triiodophenyl]methyl phenylmethanesulfonate Chemical compound IC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1COS(=O)(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1)I)COS(=O)(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1)I)COS(=O)(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 ZJAGBOFIFIRVDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal Natural products COC(C)OC SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002583 angiography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZPDFIIGFYAHNSK-UHFFFAOYSA-K gadobutrol Chemical compound [Gd+3].OCC(O)C(CO)N1CCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC1 ZPDFIIGFYAHNSK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- LYTDOGWIYLDBSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triiodocyclohexane-1,3,5-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound IC1(C(=O)Cl)CC(C(=O)Cl)(CC(C(=O)Cl)(C1)I)I LYTDOGWIYLDBSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MDDISGUNWZWRHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4,7,10-tris(phenylmethoxycarbonyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-1-yl]propanoic acid Chemical compound C1CN(C(C)C(O)=O)CCN(C(=O)OCC=2C=CC=CC=2)CCN(C(=O)OCC=2C=CC=CC=2)CCN1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 MDDISGUNWZWRHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YOETUEMZNOLGDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl carbonochloridate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(Cl)=O YOETUEMZNOLGDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- MGJXBDMLVWIYOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylazanide Chemical compound [NH-]C MGJXBDMLVWIYOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 4
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LMDZBCPBFSXMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide Substances CCN=C=NCCCN(C)C LMDZBCPBFSXMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FPQQSJJWHUJYPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)propyliminomethylidene-ethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN=C=NCCCN(C)C FPQQSJJWHUJYPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FBJVWRITWDYUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzene-1,3-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound NC1=C(I)C(C(Cl)=O)=C(I)C(C(Cl)=O)=C1I FBJVWRITWDYUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZSXGLVDWWRXATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal Chemical compound COC(OC)N(C)C ZSXGLVDWWRXATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OBOVBKQCONWRIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,4,6-triiodophenyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1=C(I)C(CO)=C(I)C(CO)=C1I OBOVBKQCONWRIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 210000004351 coronary vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002697 interventional radiology Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003690 nonionic contrast media Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001584 benzyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008081 blood perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001718 carbodiimides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009920 chelation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+) Chemical compound [Cr+3] BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002586 coronary angiography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005292 diamagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- BGRWYRAHAFMIBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylcarbodiimide Natural products CC(C)NC(=O)NC(C)C BGRWYRAHAFMIBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000003467 diminishing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005982 diphenylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000002173 dizziness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JHFPQYFEJICGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium(3+) Chemical compound [Er+3] JHFPQYFEJICGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PQJJJMRNHATNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl bromoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CBr PQJJJMRNHATNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001105 femoral artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012091 fetal bovine serum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- IZOOGPBRAOKZFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K gadopentetate Chemical compound [Gd+3].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O IZOOGPBRAOKZFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940083124 ganglion-blocking antiadrenergic secondary and tertiary amines Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002523 gelfiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- SCKNFLZJSOHWIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium(3+) Chemical compound [Ho+3] SCKNFLZJSOHWIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000302 ischemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 201000006370 kidney failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002132 lysosomal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009607 mammography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- MIKKOBKEXMRYFQ-WZTVWXICSA-N meglumine amidotrizoate Chemical compound C[NH2+]C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO.CC(=O)NC1=C(I)C(NC(C)=O)=C(I)C(C([O-])=O)=C1I MIKKOBKEXMRYFQ-WZTVWXICSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004165 myocardium Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- RIWRFSMVIUAEBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-1-phenylmethanamine Chemical compound CNCC1=CC=CC=C1 RIWRFSMVIUAEBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008693 nausea Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001338 necrotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012011 nucleophilic catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003104 ornithine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003330 pentetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010647 peptide synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000612 phthaloyl group Chemical group C(C=1C(C(=O)*)=CC=CC1)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCWKKSOQLQEJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium(3+) Chemical compound [Pr+3] WCWKKSOQLQEJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000003586 protic polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011555 rabbit model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001959 radiotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HKCRVXUAKWXBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium(3+) Chemical compound [Tb+3] HKCRVXUAKWXBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002088 tosyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004665 trialkylsilyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UBZKIEBIOWOKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribenzyl 10-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane-1,4,7-tricarboxylate Chemical compound C1CN(CC(=O)OCC)CCN(C(=O)OCC=2C=CC=CC=2)CCN(C(=O)OCC=2C=CC=CC=2)CCN1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 UBZKIEBIOWOKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229960000281 trometamol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000626 ureter Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007487 urography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008673 vomiting Effects 0.000 description 1
- ORZHVTYKPFFVMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N xylenol orange Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3S(=O)(=O)O2)C=2C=C(CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O)C(O)=C(C)C=2)=C1 ORZHVTYKPFFVMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D257/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D257/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
- A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
- A61K49/10—Organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/0002—General or multifunctional contrast agents, e.g. chelated agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/04—X-ray contrast preparations
- A61K49/0433—X-ray contrast preparations containing an organic halogenated X-ray contrast-enhancing agent
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/04—X-ray contrast preparations
- A61K49/0433—X-ray contrast preparations containing an organic halogenated X-ray contrast-enhancing agent
- A61K49/0438—Organic X-ray contrast-enhancing agent comprising an iodinated group or an iodine atom, e.g. iopamidol
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
- A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
- A61K49/085—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier conjugated systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/0497—Organic compounds conjugates with a carrier being an organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Nitrogen And Oxygen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the metal complexes of general formula (I), wherein Hal represents bromine or iodine, and A1 and A2 have different meanings. The inventive metal complexes are suitable for use as contrast media.
Description
Application number;'numero de demande: E P 0 3 / 1 4 1 4 9 Figures: 1+2+3+4+5 Pages:
DIS-IP
Unscannable items received with this application (Request original documents in File Prep. Section on the 10th Floor) Documents recus avec cette demande ne pouvant titre balayes (Commander les documents originaux daps la section de preparation des dossiers au 1 ~ieme etage) Trimeric, Macrocyclically-Substituted Benzene Derivatives The invention relates to the subjects that are characterized in the claims:
new trimeric macrocyclically-substituted triiodine and tribromobenzene derivatives, their production and use as contrast media in x-ray diagnosis and MRT diagnosis.
During the last decade, impressive advances were achieved in imaging diagnosis.
The imaging techniques, such as DAS, CT and MRT, have developed into standard and indispensable tools in diagnosis and interventional radiology and now offer a spatial resolution of less than 1 mm. In addition, the possible applications of these techniques are increased decisively by the use of contrast media. This now wide distribution and acceptance of the contrast media in x-ray diagnosis can be attributed to the introduction of non-ionic monomeric triiodoaromatic compounds in the 1980's, as well as the isoosmolar dimeric iodoaromatic compounds that were introduced in the 1990's.
By these two compound classes, the frequency of contrast medium-induced side effects was reduced to 2-4% (Bush, W. H., Swanson, D. P.: Acute Reactions to Intravascular Contrast Media: Types, Risk Factors, Recognition and Specific Treatment. AJR
157, 113-1161, 1991. Rydberg, J., Charles, J., Aspelin, P.: Frequency of Late Allergy=Like Adverse Reactions Following Injection of Intravascular Non-ionic Contrast Media. Acta Radiologica 39, 219-222, 1998). The use of contrast media in connection with modern imaging techniques now extends from the detection of tumors, for high-resolution vascular visualization, to the quantitative determination of physiological factors such as permeability or perfusion of organs. The concentration of the x-ray contrast medium (here the iodine atom) is decisive for the contrast and the detection sensitivity. Despite further development of the technology, it was not possible to reduce the concentration or the dose to be administered that is necessary for a medical diagnosis. Thus, in a standard CT study, 100 g of substance or more is injected per patient.
Although the compatibility of the x-ray contrast media has been improved by the introduction of non-ionic triiodobenzenes, the number of side effects is still always high.
Because of very high study numbers of several million per year in x-ray diagnosis, ten thousand patients are thus affected. These contrast medium-induced side effects extend from slight reactions such as nausea, dizziness, vomiting, and hives up to severe reactions such as bronchiospasms, or renal failure up to reactions such as shock or even death. Fortunately, these severe cases are very rare and are observed at a frequency of only 1/200,000 (Morcos, S. K., Thomsen, H. S.: Adverse Reactions to Iodinated Contrast Media. Eur Radiol 1 l, 1267-1275, 2001).
The frequency of these side effects, which are also observed as pseudoallergic contrast medium-induced side effects, is, however, increased by about a factor of 3 in atopic patients and by a factor of 5 in patients with a previous history of contrast medium-induced side effects. Asthma increases the risk of severe contrast medium-induced side effects by a factor of 6 in non-ionic contrast media (Thomsen, H.
S., Morcos, S. K.: Radiographic Contrast Nledia. BJU 86 (Suppll), 1-10, 2000.
Thomsen, H. S., Dorph, S.: High-Osmolar and Low-Osmolar Contrast Media. An Update on Frequency of Adverse Drug Reactions. Acta Radiol 34 205-209, 1993. Katayama, H., Yamaguchi, K., Kozuka, T., Takashima, T., Seez, P., Matsuura, K.: Adverse Reactions to Ionic and Non-ionic Contrast Media. Radiology 175, 621-628, 1990. Thomsen, H. S., Bush, Jr., W. H.: Adverse Effects on Contrast Media. Incidence. Prevention and Management. Drug Safety 19: 313-324, 1998). In these situations for x-ray diagnosis, the examiners in recent years most frequently use non-iodine-containing Gd-chelates instead of the standard triiodoaromatic compounds in computer topography but also in interventional radiology as well as DSA (Gierada, D. S., Bae, K. T.:
Gadolinium as CT
Contrast Agent: Assessment in a Porcine Model. Radiology 210, 829-834, 1999.
Spinosa, D. J., Matsumoto, A. H., Hagspiel, K. D., Angle, J. F., Hartwell, G.
D.:
Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents in Angiography and Interventional Radiology.
AJR
173; 1403-1409, 1999. Spinosa, D. J., Kaufmann, J. A., Hartwell, G. D. :
Gadolinium Chelates in Angiography and Interventional Radiology: A Useful Alternative to Iodinated Contrast Media for Angiography. Radiology 223, 319-325, 2002). This is, on the one hand, substantiated by the very good compatibility of the metal chelates that are used in MRT, but also by the known fact that lanthanides are also x-ray-opaque. In comparison to iodine, gadolinium and other lanthanides show a greater absorption than iodine especially at higher voltages/energies of the x-ray radiation, such that, in principle, they are suitable as opacifying elements for x-ray diagnosis (Sclunitz, S., Wagner, S., Schuhmann-Giampieri, G., Wolf, K. J.: Evaluation of Gadobutrol in a Rabbit Model as a New Lanthanide Contrast Agent for Computer Tomography.
Invest.
Radiol. 30 11 : 644-649, 1995).
The above-mentioned Gd-containing chelate compounds originally used in the MRT are also readily water-soluble and are distinguished by an excellent compatibility.
Compared to the iodine-containing/non-ionic contrast media, the rate of light pseudoallergenic reactions is greatly reduced, the rate of fatal reactions is extremely rare and is indicated with 1/1,000,000 (Runge, V. M.: Safety of Approved MR
Contrast Media for Intravenous Injection. J. Magn Reson Imaging 12, 205-213. 2000). In contrast to other contrast medium-induced side effects, such as, e.g., the renal compatibility, pseudoallergic reactions are more likely independent of the administered dose.
Also, the smallest dosages can accordingly already trigger a pseudoallergic reaction.
Desired are substances that combine the advantages of the two chemically entirely different classes of compounds.
The extraordinarily high hydrophilic of the metal chelates suggests a low incompatibility rate. Iodoaromatic compounds have a higher lipophilia by a factor of 100-200 (larger distribution coefficient between butanol/water) than metal chelates.
Based on the low substance concentration and the low specific proportion of the imaging metal in the entire molecule, the previously known metal chelates for x-ray diagnosis are not optimal (Albrecht, T., Dawson, P.: Gadolinium-DTPA as X-Ray Contrast Medium in Clinical Studies. BJR 73, 878-882, 2000). More recent attempts to solve this problem describe the production of metal complex conjugates, in which triiodoaromatic compounds are covalently bonded to an open-chain or macrocyclic metal complex (US 5,324,503, US 5,403,576, WO 93/16375, WO 00/75141, WO 97/0139, WO 00/71526, US 5,660,814). Because of their low hydrophilic and high viscosity, the latter cannot be administered in adequate concentration and reasonable volumes, however.
The purpose is to produce compounds that have an adequate hydrophilic -comparable to that of Gd-chelates -- and in addition exhibit a high concentration of opacifying elements. Values that are significantly higher than those in metal chelates, which are approximately 25% (g/g), were desirable. In addition, at a higher concentration, a very good water solubility must be provided. In addition to their good J
pharmacological properties, the highly concentrated solutions must also indicate a practical viscosity and a low osmotic pressure.
This object is achieved by this invention. The metal complexes of general formula I according to the invention Hal A' ~ A' Hal ~ -Hal Az I
in which Hal stands for bromine or iodine, A~ stands for the radicals --CONR'-(CHZ)~-NR2-(CO-CHZ'-NH)m CO-CHZz-K, -CONR'-(CHZ)P (CONRZGHZ)m-CHOH-CHz-K, -CHzO-(CHz)P-CHOH-CHZ-K, -CHZ-O-(CH2)~-NR'-(CO-CHZ'-NH)m-CO-CHZz-K , -CHZ-NR'-CO-(CHZ'-NH-CO)m-CHZZ-K , A' has the same meaning as Al or in the case that A1 has the meaning first mentioned above can also stand for the radical -NRl-CO-(NR1)m-(CH~)p-NR2-(CO-CHZI-iVTH)m-CO-CHZ'-K, in which R' and R2, independently of one another, mean a hydrogen atom, a C1-C~-alkyl group or a monohydroxy-Cl-C~-alkyl group, Z I and Z'', independently of one another, mean a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, n means the numbers 2-4.
m means the numbers 0 or l and p means the numbers 1-4.
K stands for a macrocyclic compound of formula h, COOX
'N
,..-N N--1 coox N
COOx OA~
with X in the meaning of a hydrogen atom or a metal ion equivalent of atomic numbers 20-29, 39, 42, 44 or 57-83, provided that at least two X stand for metal ion equivalents and optionally present free carboxy groups optionally are present as salts of organic and/or inorganic bases or amino acids or amino acid amides, show a very good solubility and a distribution coefficient that is comparable to that of Gd-chelates. In addition, the new compounds have a high specific content of opacifying elements, a low viscosity and osmolality and thus good tolerance/compatibility, so that they are extremely well suited as contrast media for x-ray and MR imaging.
Hal preferably stands for iodine, Rl and RZ stand for hydrogen and the methy 1 group, n stands for the number 2, and p stands for the number 1.
By way of example, radicals Al are mentioned:
-CONH(CHZ)~;;NHCOCH2NHCOCH(CH3)-, -CONH(CHZ)~;;NHCOCHZNHCOCH~-, -CONH(CH~)2;3NHCOCH2-, -CONH(CH~)2,3NHCOCH(CH3)-, -CONHCHzCH(OH)CHZ-, -CON(CH3)CH2CH(OH)CH2-, - CHZOCHZCH(OH)CHZ-, -CONHCHZCONHCHZCH(OH)CHZ-, -CHZNHCOCHZ-, -CHZNHCOCH(CH;)-, -CH~NHCOCHZNHCOCHZ-, -CHZNHCOCHZNHCOCH(CH3)-, -CH~O(CHZ)ZNHCOCH?-, -CON(CH?CHZOH(CH~)ZNHCOCH2-, -CHZO(CH2)ZN(CHZCH~OH)COCH~-.
By way of example, radicals AZ are mentioned:
-NHCOCHZNHCOCH~NHCOCH(CH3)-, NHCOCH?NHCOCHZNHCOCH~-, -NHCOCH2NHCOCH2-, -NHCOCH2NHCOCH(CH3)-, -N(CH;)COCH2NHCOCH~-, -NHCONH(CHZ)2NHCONH~-, -NHCOCH~N(CHZCHZOH)COCHZ-, -N(CH3)COCHZN(CHzCH20H)COCHz-.
The compounds of general formula I according to the invention can be produced according to the process that is known by one skilled in the art, by, for example, a) a triiodo- or tribromoaromatic compound of general formula II
Y'-NHR' Hal Hal R'NH-Y' ~ ~YZ-NHR~
(II) Hal being reacted in a way that is known in the art with a macrocyclic compound of general W
N
OxC_B~ N N-W
NJ
(III) W
formula III
in which C"O stands for a -COOH- or activated carboxyl group, W stands for a protective group or a -CHZCOOX' group with X' in the meaning of X or a protective group and-Y'-NR'-CO-B'- stands for the radical A' in the meaning of-CO-NR~-(CHz)~-NRZ-(CO-CHZ~-NH)m-CO-CHZz- or-CHz-O-(CHZ)"-NR'-(CO-CHZ~-NH)m-CO-CHZZ- and Yz-NR'-CO-B' for Y'-NR'-CO-B' or for the case that Y'-NR'-CO-B' has the meaning first mentioned above, the latter also stands for-NR'-CO-(NR')",(CHZ)p-NRZ-(CO-CHZ'-NH)m-CO-CHZz-, whereby B' means the radical on the first or second (viewed from K) carbonyl group between -CO- and K, and Y' or YZ
stands for the deficient radical of the linker group that is reduced by one imino group, and then optionally protective group W being removed and the radical CHZCOOX
being introduced in a way that is known in the art or the protective group that optionally stands for X' being removed and then reacted in a way that is known in the art with a metal oxide or metal salt of an element of atomic numbers 20-29, 39, 42, 44 or 57-83 or b) a triiodo- or tribromoaromatic compound of general formula N
C"O
Hal Hal Cxo ~ ~ CxO
Hal (IV) being reacted in a way that is known in the art with a macrocyclic compound of general COOX' ~N~
coon R~NH-Y3 N N ~
NJ
coon (~) formula V
in which -C"O and X' have the above-mentioned meaning, and -CO-NR1-Y3 stands for radical A1 in the meaning of-CONRj-(CHZ)P-(CONRZCHZ)m-CH(OH)CH~- and thus Y' is in the meaning of -NRl-(CH~)p-(CONRZCHZ),r,-CH(OH)CH2-, and then the protective group that optionally stands for X' being removed and then being reacted in a way that is known in the art with a metal oxide or metal salt of an element of atomic numbers 20-29, 39, 42, 44 or 57-83 or c) a triiodo- or tribromoaromatic compound of general formula VI
A' Hal Hal A' ~ ~A' Hal ( VI) in which O
i\
A~ fur einen Rest -CHz-O-(CH2)P CH-CHz- steht, [A I stands for a radical . . . ]
being reacted in a way that is known in the art with a cyclene of general formula VII
W.
~N
H N N-W, N
(VII) W
in which W' stands for a hydrogen atom or a protective group, (after the optionally present protective groups have been removed and then radical -CHZCOOX
has been introduced in a way that is known in the art) to form a metal complex of general formula I with A in the meaning of radical -CH2-O-(CH2)P-CHOH-CH2- or d) a triiodo- or tribromoaromatic compound of general formula VIII
HZ-N ucleofug Hal Nucleofug-CHZ ~ -CH2-Nucleofug (VIII) Hai [Nucleofug = nucleofuge]
in which nucleofuge stands for a nucleofuge group, being reacted in a way that is known in the art with a macrocyclic compound of general W
~N
R~HN-CO-B2 N N
N
(Ix) w formula IX
in which R1 and W have the above-mentioned meanings, and B'' stands for the radical -(CHZI-NHCO)m-CHZ2- and then being further processed as indicated under a), such that metal complexes of general formula I are obtained with Ai in the meaning of radical -CHI-NR1-CO-(CHZI-NHCO)m-CHZ', whereby then optionally in the metal complexes, obtained according to a)-d), of general formula I, still present acid hydrogen atoms are substituted by canons of inorganic or organic bases, amino acids or amino acid amides.
As amino protective groups W, the benzyloxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, trifluoroacetyl, fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl, benzyl, formyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, phthaloyl, 1,2-oxazoline, tosyl, dithiasuccinoyl, allyloxycarbonyl, sulfate, pent 4-enecarbonyl, 2-chloroacetoxymethyl (or ethyl) benzoyl, tetrachlorophthaloyl, and alkyloxycarbonyl groups that are familiar to one skilled in the art can be mentioned [Th. W. Greene, P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Syntheses, 2nd Ed., John Wiley and Sons (1991), pp. 309 - 385; E. Meinjohanns et al, J.
Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 1, 1995, 405; U. Ellensik et al, Carbohydrate Research 280, 1996, 251; R. Madsen et al, J. Org. Chem. 60, 1995, 7920; R. R. Schmidt, Tetrahedron Letters 1995, 5343].
The cleavage of the protective groups is carried out according to the process that is known to one skilled in the art (see, e.g., Wunsch, Methoden der Org.
Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Houben-Weyl, Vol. XV/1, 4'h Edition 1974, p.
315), for example by hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis, alkaline saponitication of esters with alkali in aqueous-alcoholic solution at temperatures from 0°C to 50°C, acidic saponification with mineral acids, or in the case of Boc groups with the aid of trifluoroacetic acid.
Activated carboxyl groups are defined above as those carboxyl groups that are derivatized, such that they facilitate the reaction with an amine. Which groups can be used for activation is known, and reference can be made to, for example, M.
and A.
Bodanszky, "The Practice of Peptide Synthesis," Springerverlag 1984. Examples are aducts of carboxylic acid with carbodiimides or activated esters, such as, e.g., hydroxy benzotriazole ester, acid chloride, N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, -C02 ~ ~ NOz, -COZ ~ ~ F ~-CO2 N , and -COZ N~ ~N
N
[and]
4-Nitrophenyl ester and N-hydroxysuccinimide ester are preferred.
The activated esters of the above-described compounds are produced as known to one skilled in the art. Also, the reaction with correspondingly derivatized esters of N-hydroxysuccinimide, such as, for example:
O
/~ ~O
Hal~ ~N
''O
O
is possible (Hal = halogen).
In general, all commonly used activation methods for carboxylic acids that are known in the prior art can be used for this purpose. The activation of carboxylic acid is carried out according to commonly used methods. Examples of suitable activating reagents are dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide-hydrochloride (EDC), benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino~
phosphoniumhexafluorophosphate (BOP) and O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (HBTU), preferably DCC. Also, the addition of O-nucleophilic catalysts, such as, e.g., N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) or N-hydroxybenzotriazole, is possible.
Advantageously used as nucleofuges are the radicals:
F, CI, Br, I, -OTs , -OMs , OH , F F
~N
F ' O ~ ~ NOZ . N\ \
N
F F
O
I
O ~ ~ ' O-N
NOZ O
If X~ stands for an acid protective group, lower alkyl, aryl and aralkyl groups, for example the methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, phenyl, benzyl, diphenylmethyl, triphenylmethyl, and bis-(p-nitrophenyl)-methyl group, as well as trialkylsilyl groups, are suitable.
The t-butyl group and the benzyl group are preferred.
The cleavage of the protective groups is carried out according to the process that is known to one skilled in the art (see, e.g., Wunsch, Methoden der Org.
Chemie, Houben-Weyl, Volume XV/l, 4th Edition 1974, p. 315), for example, by hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis, alkaline saponitication of esters in aqueous-alcoholic solution at temperatures of 0°C to 50°C, acidic saponification with mineral acids or in the case of tert-butyl esters with the aid of trifluoroacetic acid (Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2°d Edition, T. W. Greene and P. G. M.Wuts, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 1991).
The introduction of the desired metal ions can be carried out as was disclosed in Patents EP 71564, EP 130934 and DE-OS 34 O1 052. To this end, the metal oxide or a metal salt (for example, a chloride, nitrate, acetate, carbonate or sulfate) of the desired element is dissolved or suspended in water and/or a lower alcohol (such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol) and reacted with the solution or suspension of the equivalent amount of the complexing agent.
The neutralization of optionally still present free carboxy groups is carried out with the aid of inorganic bases (e.g., hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates) of, e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium or calcium and/or organic bases, such as, i.a., primary, secondary and tertiary amines, such as, e.g., ethanolamine, morpholine, glucamine, N-methyl- and N,N-dimethylglucamine, as well as basic amino acids, such as, e.g., lysine, arginine, and ornithine or amides of original neutral or acidic amino acids.
For the production of neutral complex compounds, for example in acidic complex salts in aqueous solution or suspension, enough of the desired base can be added to reach the neutral point. The solution that is obtained can then be evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum. It is frequently advantageous to precipitate the neutral salts that are formed by adding water-miscible solvents, such as, e.g., lower alcohols (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, etc.), lower ketones (acetone, etc.), polar ethers (tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, etc.), and thus to obtain easily isolated and readily purified crystallizates. It has proven especially advantageous to add the desired base as early as during the complexing of the reaction mixture and thus to save a process step.
The purification of the thus obtained complexes is carried out, optionally after the pH is set to 6 to 8, preferably about 7, by adding an acid or base, preferably by ultrafiltration with membranes of a suitable pore size (e.g., Amicon~YMI , Amicon~
YM3), gel filtration on, e.g., suitable Sephadex~ gels or by HPLC on silica gel or reverse-phase material.
A purification can also be carried out by crystallization from solvents such as methanol, ethanol, i-propanol, acetone or their mixtures with water.
In the case of neutral complex compounds, it is frequently advantageous to add the oligomer complexes via an anion exchanger, for example IRA 67 (OH- form), and optionally in addition via a canon exchanger, for example IRC SO (H+ form), to separate ionic components.
The production of the compounds of general formula I according to the invention can be carried out as indicated above:
a) The reaction of triiodo- or tribromoaromatic compounds of general formula II
with compounds of general formula III is carried out according to the process of amide formation that is known to one skilled in the art.
In this connection, either a direct coupling of the free acid of III with the free amine of lI can be performed with dehydrating reagents, such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, diisopropylcarbodiimide, EDC, EEDQ, TBTU, or HATU in aprotic solvents such as DMF, DMA, THF, dioxane, toluene, chloroform or methylene chloride at temperatures of 0° - 50°C, or else the acid group is activated in the compound of general formula III, by its first being converted into an active ester (see page 11 ) and then these esters in a solvent, such as, for example, DMF, DMA, THF, dioxane, dichloromethane, i-ProOH, or toluene, optionally with the addition of an organic or inorganic base, such as NEt3, pyridine, DMAP, Hiinig base, NaZC03, or CaC03, being reacted at temperatures of -10° to +70° C with the amine of general formula II.
In some cases, it has proven advantageous to produce the metal complexes of general formula III directly and to couple their terminal carboxylic acid under the process that is mentioned in WO 98/24775.
The production of the metal complexes is described in WO 98/24774.
The production of compounds of general formula II is carned out in the case when YZ stands for Y' by reactions of compounds of general formula IV
CO
Hal Hal CO ~ ~CO~
(IV) Hal with diamines of general formula A
HNR'-(CHZ)m-NRZH (A) in which Hal, CO*, R', R2, and m are in the above-indicated meaning, according to the methods of amide formation known to one skilled in the art (see above) in an aprotic solvent such as DMF, DMA, THF, dioxane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, dichloromethane or toluene, optionally with the addition of an organic or inorganic base, such as NEt3, pyridine, DMAP, Hiinig base, NazC03, KZC03, or CaC03, at temperatures of 0°C - 100°C.
In many cases, it has proven advantageous to use diamine itself as a solvent. Many times, it may be advantageous to use one of the two terminal amino groups in protected form (e.g., Mono-Boc, Mono-Z) and, after coupling is completed, to cleave this protective group according to the methods known to one skilled in the art (T. W. Greene, see above).
The diamines or mono-protected diamines are known in the literature and can be purchased (e.g., Aldrich, Fluka). The acid chloride of the compound of general formula IV is preferably used.
The production of the compound COCI
I I
CIOC ~ ~COCI
I
is described in DE 3001292.
The production of the corresponding tri-bromine compound is carried out analogously from tribromoaminoisophthalic acid by Sandmeyer reaction (introduction of CN and subsequent saponification) as described in EP 0073715.
In the case that YZ is not equal to Y', the following procedure has proven worthwhile:
The compounds of general formula B
CO~
Hal Hal * OC NHz Hal (B) in which CO* and Hal are in the above-mentioned meaning, are first reacted with compounds of general formula C
CO*-(CHZ1)-NH-Sg (C) in which CO* and Z1 have the above-mentioned meaning, and Sg stands for an amino protective group.
The reaction is carried out according to the methods of amide formation that are already indicated above (Neher et al, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1946, 1815.) Then, as already described above, it is reacted with compounds of general formula A and then optionally present amino protective groups are cleaved (see T. W. Greene).
It has proven advantageous to use the acid chlorides of general formula C.
If Sg represents a trifluoroacetyl protective group, the latter is cleaved directly in a single-pot process with excess diamine of general formula A.
Compounds of general formula C can be obtained according to methods that are known in the literature.
For the production of urea derivatives, compounds of general formula B
are first reacted with isocyanates of general formula D
R' O=C=N-(CH2)m-N-Sg (~) and then further reacted as described above with the diamines of the general formula.
The reaction of the isocyanates is carried out in aprotic solvents as described above for amide formation. The reaction temperature is 0°C to 100°C.
Isocyanates (D) are produced as described in, e.g., Guichard et al., J. Org.
Chem., 1999, 8702.
Compounds of general formula B are described in DE 3001292.
b) The reaction of compounds of general formula IV with compounds of general formula V is carried out according to the methods of amide formation that are known to one skilled in the art, as were already previously described in detail under a).
Also here, the acid chloride of compounds IV is preferably used.
Compounds of general formula V are obtained from compounds of COOX' ~N
Coox' HN N W
N
COOX' CE) general formula E
in which X' is in the above-mentioned meaning, by reaction with primary epoxides of general formula F
O
R' N'-(CH2)P (CONRZ)m-CH-CHZ (F) I
Sg in which R1, Sg, p, m, and R'' are in the above-mentioned meanings. The reaction is carried out in protic or aprotic solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, butanol, propanol, DMF; toluene, CHC1;, or DMA (optionally in each case with the addition of water) at temperatures of 0°C to 15°C. In some cases, the addition of a Lewis acid, such as LiCI, Liar, LiJ, LiCIOa or Y(triflate)3, has proven worthwhile.
Compounds of general formula F are accessible according to methods that are known in the literature (Krawiecka et al., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. l, 2001, 1086) or can be purchased.
Compounds of general formula E are so-called D03A derivatives and are described in the literature (Chatal et al., Tetrahedron Lett., 1996, 7~ 15).
c) The reaction of epoxides of general formula VI with compounds of general formua VII is carried out according to the methods of the reaction of epoxides with amines that are described under b).
In some cases, it has proven advantageous to use the method described in EP 045511 with use of the compound Action can also be taken, however, according to EP 064370, or the lithium process that is described under WO 98/55467 can be used.
The production of compounds VII in the case of the W'-protective group, see b), is known in the literature.
The TriBoc-cyclene compound is described in Kimura et al., J. Am.
Chem. Soc., 1997, 3068, and the tri Z-cyclene compound is described in Delaney et al., J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans., 1991, 3329.
Compounds of general formula VI are accessible by reaction of triols of general formula G
Hal HO
Hal~ ~ ~Hal ~ 1 G
with epoxides of general formula H
O
Z -(CHZ)P-CH CHZ (H) with p in the above-mentioned meaning and in which Z stands for Cl, Br, I, or OTS.
The reaction is carried out according to methods of glycide ether formation (p=1) or etherification that are known in the literature, Mouzin et al., Synthesis, 1983, 117.
Compounds of general formula H are known in the literature, e.g., Sharpless et al., J. Org. Chem., and DE 93433 or can be purchased (e.g., epichlorohydrin, Fluka, Aldrich).
Compounds of general formula G in the case of Hal=iodine are described in US 6,310,243. The production of the bromine compound is carried out analogously.
d) The reaction is carried out such that first the amide of the compounds of general formula IX is deprotonated according to the method that is known to one skilled in the art, e.g., with NaH in DMF, THF, DMA, dioxane, toluene (temperatures of 0°C - 100°C) or BuLi, LDA, Li-HMDS, Na-HMDS in THF, MTB at temperatures of-70° to 0°C and then reacted with compounds of general formula VIII (preferred temperatures of-70 to 70°C).
Compounds of general formula VIII are obtained from compounds of general formula G
Hal HO
Hal' ~ ~Hal OH
according to the methods that are known to one skilled in the art for converting a primary OH group into a halide or tosylate, triflate, etc.
Compounds of general formula IX are obtained from compounds of general formula IXa W
'N
*CO -g2 N N -W
N
IX a W
by amide formation with amines of formula RINH~ (amides of the formula are commercially available or known in the literature) according to the methods of amide coupling already mentioned under a). , Compounds of general formula IXa are described in, e.g., WO 97/02051, WO 99/16757 or can be produced simply from tri-Boc cyclene or tri-Z-cyclene according to methods that are known in the literature.
The compounds according to the invention can be used both in x-ray diagnosis and in MR diagnosis.
The high x-ray opacity paired with the good water-solubility of the iodized x-ray contrast media is combined with the intense hydrophilia of metal chelates and good compatibility in a molecule that is inherent in them.
The very high hydrophilia of the new compounds results in that the side-effect profile corresponds to that of the very well-tolerated Gd compounds, as they are used in MR
imaging. This property therefore makes it especially suitable for use in patients with a proven allergy to iodized compounds or in the case of existing atopy. In particular, the incidence of severe side effects such as bronchiospasms and shock or even death is reduced to the low level of the MR contrast medium.
The low osmolality of the formulations is an indication of a generally very good compatibility of the new compounds. They are therefore especially suitable for intravascular (parenteral) uses.
Depending on the pharmaceutical formulation, the contrast media can be used exclusively for x-ray diagnosis (triiodine complexes with diamagnetic metals), but also simultaneously for x-ray diagnosis and MRT diagnosis (triiodine complexes with paramagnetic atoms, preferably Gd). The compounds can very advantageously be used in, e.g., urography, computer tomography, angiography, gastrography, mammography, cardiology and neuroradiology. Even in the case of radiation therapy, the complexes that are used are advantageous. The compounds are suitable for all perfusion measurements.
A differentiation of areas that are well supplied with blood and ischemic areas is possible after intravascular injection. Quite generally, these compounds can be used in all indications where conventional contrast media are used in x-ray diagnosis or MR
diagnosis.
The new contrast media can also be used for the magnetization-transfer technique (see, e.g., Journ. Chem. Phys. 39(11), 2892 (1963), as well as WO 03/013616), if they contain mobile protons in their chemical structure. This is the case, for example, in the hydroxyl group-containing compounds, as they are described in Example 5 (page 41), Example 6 (page 44), Example 7 (page 47) and Example 8 (page 50). This application document thus also comprises contrast media that are suitable in principle for this special MRI technique.
The contrasting of cerebral infarctions and tumors of the liver or space-occupying processes in the liver as well as of tumors of the abdomen (including the kidneys) and the muscle-skeleton system is especially valuable diagnostically. Based on the low osmotic pressure, the blood vessels can be visualized especially advantageously after intraarterial or else intravenous injection.
If the compound according to the invention is intended for use in MR
diagnosis, the metal ion of the signaling group must be paramagnetic. These are in particular the divalent and trivalent ions of the elements of atomic numbers 21-29, 42, 44 and ~8-70.
Suitable ions are, for example, the chromium(III), iron(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), praseodymium(III), ne~dymium(III), samarium(III) and ytterbium(III) ion.
Because of their strong magnetic moment, gadolinium(III), terbium(III), dysprosium(III), holmium(III), erbium(III), iron(III) and manganese(II) ions are preferred;
gadolinium(III) and manganese(II) ions are especially preferred.
If the compound according to the invention is intended for use in x-ray diagnosis, the metal ion is preferably derived from an element of a higher atomic number to achieve an adequate absorption of the x-rays. It was found that for this purpose, diagnostic agents that contain a physiologically compatible complex salt with metal ions of elements of atomic numbers 25, 26 and 39 as well as 57-83 are suitable.
Preferred are manganese(II), iron(II), iron(III), praseaiymium(III), neodymium(III), samarium(III), gadolinium(III), ytterbium(III) or bismuth(III) ions, especially dysprosium(III) ions and yttrium(III) ions.
The production of the pharmaceutical agents according to the invention is carried out in a way that is known in the art by the complex compounds according to the invention - optionally with the addition of the additives that are commonly used in galenicals - being suspended or dissolved in aqueous medium and then the suspension or solution optionally being sterilized. Suitable additives are, for example, physiologically harmless buffers (such as, for example, tromethamine), additives of complexing agents or weak complexes (such as, for example, diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid or the Ca complexes that correspond to the metal complexes according to the invention) or - if necessary - electrolytes such as, for example, sodium chloride, or - if necessary - antioxidants, such as, for example, ascorbic acid.
If suspensions or solutions of the agents according to the invention in water or physiological salt solution are desired for enteral or parenteral administration or other purposes, they are mixed with one or more adjuvant(s) that are commonly used in galenicals [for example, methyl cellulose, lactose, mannitol] and/or surfactants) [for example, lecithins, Tween°, Myrj~] and/or flavoring substances) for taste correction [for example, ethereal oils].
In principle, it is also possible to produce the pharmaceutical agents according to the invention without isolating the complexes. In any case. special care must be taken to ?s perform the chelation so that the complexes according to the invention are virtually free of noncomplexed metal ions that have a toxic effect.
This can be ensured, for example, with the aid of color indicators such as xylenol orange by control titrations during the production process. The invention therefore also relates to the process for the production of complex compounds and their salts. As a final precaution, there remains purification of the isolated complex.
In the in-vivo administration of the agents accordin~~ to the invention, the latter can be administered together with a suitable vehicle, such as, for example, serum or physiological common salt solution, and together with another protein, such as, for example, human serum albumin (HSA).
The agents according to the invention are usually administered parenterally, preferably i.v. They can also be administered intraarterially or interstitially/
intracutaneously, depending on whether a vessel/organ is to be visualized selectively contrasted (e.g., visualization of the coronary arteries after intraarterial injection) or tissue or pathologies (e.g., diagnosis of cerebral tumors after intravenous injection).
The pharmaceutical agents according to the invention contain preferably 0.001-1 mol/1 of the above-mentioned compound and are generally dosed in amounts of 0.001-~ mmol/kg.
The agents according to the invention meet the many requirements for suitability as contrast media for magnetic resonance tomography. After oral or parenteral administration by increasing the signal intensity, they are extremely well suited for enhancing the informational value of the image that is obtained with the aid of an MR
tomograph. They also show the high effectiveness that is necessary to load the body with the minimum possible amounts of foreign substances and the good compatibility that is necessary to maintain the non-invasive nature of the studies. The high effectiveness (relaxivity) of the paramagnetic compounds according to the invention is of great advantage for use in magnetic resonance tomography. Thus, the relaxivity (L/mmol-1#sec-1 of gadolinium-containing compounds is generally 2 to 4x greater than in conventional Gd complexes (e.g., gadobutrol).
The good water solubility and low osmolality of the agents according to the invention makes it possible to produce highly concentrated solutions, so as to keep the volume burden of the circulatory system within reasonable limits and to offset the dilution by bodily fluids. In addition, the agents according to the invention exhibit not only high stability in-vitro, but also surprisingly high stability in vivo, so that a release or an exchange of the ions, which are inherently toxic and are bonded in the complexes, is carried out only extremely slowly within the time that it takes for the new contrast media to be completely excreted.
In general, the agents according to the invention are dosed for use as MRT
diagnostic agents in amounts of 0.001-5 mmol of Gd/kg, preferably 0.005 - 0.5 mmol of Gd/kg.
The agents according to the invention are extremely well suited as x-ray contrast media, whereby it is especially to be emphasized that with them, no signs of the anaphylaxis-like reactions that are known from the iodine-containing contrast media can be detected in biochemical-pharmacological studies. In the case of strong x-ray absorption, they are especially effective in areas of higher tube voltages (e.g., CT and DSA).
In general, the agents according to the invention are dosed for administration as x-ray contrast media analogously to, for example, meglumine-diatrizoate, in amounts of 0.01 - 5 mmol/kg, preferably 0.02 - 1 mmol of substance/kg, which corresponds to 0.06 - 6 mmol (I+Dy)/kg in the case of, e.g., iodine-Dy compounds.
Depending on the diagnostic requirement, formulations can be selected that can be used both in x-ray diagnosis and in MR diagnosis. To achieve optimal results for both imaging modalities, it may be advantageous to select formulations in which the proportion of paramagnetic ions is reduced, since for many MR diagnostic applications, a point of diminishing returns is reached with too high a proportion of paramagnetic ions.
For dual uses, formulations can be used in which the proportion, in percent, of paramagnetic substances (e.g., Gd) is reduced to 0.05 to 50, preferably to 2-20%. As an example, a cardiac diagnostic application can be mentioned. For the examination, a formulation that consists of the substances according to the invention in a total concentration of, e.g., 0.25 mol/1 is used. The proportion of Gd-containing complexes is 20%, the remaining 80% of the metals are, e.g., Dy atoms. In an x-ray coronary angiography after intra-arterial or intravenous administration, e.g., 50 ml is used, i.e., 0.18 mmol of substance per kg of body weight in a patient who weighs 70 kg.
Shortly after x-ray visualization of the coronary vessels has taken place, an MR
diagnosis of the heart is followed to be able to differentiate vital myocardial areas from necrotic myocardial areas. The amount of about 110 ~mol of Gd/kg previously administered for the test is optimal for this purpose.
Example 1 a) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,iV tris-{2-aminoethyl)amide A solution of 10 g (15.5 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid trichloride (DE
3001292, Schering AG, priority: 1/11/1980) in 100 ml of tetrahydrofuran is added in drops to 24 g (400 mmol) of ethylenediamine for 1 hour at room temperature and stirred for 14 more hours. The solid that accumulates is filtered off, rewashed with ethanol, taken up in 100 ml of water, and the solution that is produced is set at a pH
of 8.0 with 1 M lithium hydroxide solution. After concentration by evaporation in a vacuum, it is recrystallized from ethanol.
Yield: 7.8 g (70% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 25.23 H 2.96 N 11.77 I 53.31 Fnd.: C 25.46 H 2.99 N 11.68 I 52.98 b) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,~;~'V tris-(3,6-diaza-4,7-dioxo-8-methyloctane-1,8-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd-complex] } )amide 48.5 g (77.09 mmol) of the Gd complex of 10-[4-carboxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-3-azabutyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (WO 98/24775, Schering AG, (Example 1)) is suspended in 400 ml of DMSO and mixed with 9.8 g (84.8 mmol) of N hydroxysuccinimide and 16.7 g (81 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and preactivated for 1 hour. Then, it is mixed with 12.3 g (17.12 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(2-aminoethvl)-amide and stirred for 3 days at room temperature under nitrogen. Insoluble components are filtered out, and the solution is poured into 2000 ml of acetone. The solid that accumulates in this case is filtered off and washed in portions with 1000 ml of acetone and with 500 ml of diethyl ether. The residue is taken up in 500 ml of water and absorptively precipitated for 2 hours with 100 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) and filtered off. Then, it is absorptively precipitated for 2 hours with 30 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form), filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation to 100 ml. To remove the residual dimethyl sulfoxide, the solution is poured into 1000 ml of acetone, and the precipitate that accumulates is filtered off. The residue is dissolved in 250 ml of water, and with a little ion exchanger (H-form and OH-form), the conductivity is set at a value of 0.005 mS (pH =
7.0), filtered off and concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
Yield: 33.9 g (73% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.9%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld..: C 33.92 H 4.15 N 11.54 I 14.93 Gd 18.51 Fnd.: C 33.99 H 4.17 N 11.49 I 14:88 Gd 18.37 Example 2 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N-tris-{3,6-diaza-4,7-dioxooctane-1,8-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})amide 9.4 g (15.3 mmol) ofthe Gd complex of 10-[4-carboxy-2-oxo-3-azabutvlJ-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (WO 98/24775, Schering AG, {Example 11)) is suspended in 100 ml of DMISO and mixed with 1.96 g (17 mmol) of N-hydroxysuecinimide and 3.3 g (16 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and preactivated for 1 hour. Then, it is mixed with 2.4 g (3.36 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(2-aminoethyl)-amide and stirred for 3 days at room temperature under nitrogen. Insoluble components are filtered out, and the solution is poured into 1000 ml of acetone. The solid that accumulates in this case is filtered off and washed in portions with 300 ml of acetone and with 100 ml of diethyl ether. The residue is taken up in 200 ml of water and absorptively precipitated for 2 hours with 30 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) and filtered off. Then, it is absorptively precipitated for 2 hours with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form), filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation to 100 ml. To remove the residual dimethyl sulfoxide, the solution is poured into 1000 ml of acetone, and the precipitate that accumulates is filtered off. The residue is dissolved in 250 ml of water, and with a little ion exchanger (H-form and OH-form), the conductivity is set to a value of 0.005 mS (pH = 7.0), filtered off and concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
Yield: 6.0 g (68% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.4%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 33.06 H 3.98 N 11.73 I 15.18 Gd 18.82 Fnd.: C 33.31 H 4.02 N 11.70 I 15.09 Gd 18.74 3~
Erample 3 a) 1,4,7-Tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~ 10-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane 68.2 g (118.6 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbony1~1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane (Delaney et al. , J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1991, 3329) is dissolved in 700 ml of acetonitrile and mixed with 75.4 g (545.5 mmol) of sodium carbonate. Then, 39.6 g (355.5 mmol) of bromoacetic acid ethyl ester is added while being stirred vigorously, and it is heated for 20 hours to 40°C.
Insoluble components are filtered out, evaporated to the dry state and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: ethyl acetate/hexane 20 : 1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 72.3 g (92% of theory) of a colorless oil Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 65.44 H 6.71 N 8.48 Fnd.: C 65.51 H 6.78 N 8.43 b) 1,4,7-Tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-10-(carboxymethy1~1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane 34 g (51.4 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-10-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl}-1.4,7.10-tetrazacyclododecane is dissolved in 300 ml of dioxane and mixed with 144 ml of 5% aqueous NaOH solution and stirred for 24 hours at room temperature.
after neutralization with concentrated HCI, it is evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 250 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 250 ml each of 1N
HCl solution. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, and the solvent is evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 27.8 g (85% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 64.54 H 6.37 N 8.86 Fnd.: C 64.47 H 6.41 N 8.79 c) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesicacid-~'V,N,Ntris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl) } )-amide 44.6 g (70.6 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbony1~10-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane, 21 ml (164 mmol) of triethylamine, 14.6 g (70.5 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 8.1 g (70.5 mmol) of N hydroxysuccinimide are added to a suspension of 16.8 g (23.5 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N-tris-(2-aminoethyl)amide in 446 ml of DMF, and it is stirred for 20 hours at room temperature.
Insoluble components are filtered out, and it is evaporated to the dry state.
The residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 500 ml each of water.
The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/
methanol 20 : 1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 23.3 g (39% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 54.93 H 5.32 N 9.86 I 14.88 Fnd.: C 55.11 H 5.37 N 9.81 I 14.76 d) 1,3,x-Triiodotrimesic acid-V;N,N-tris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{1-[1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl] } )-amide 20 g (7.8 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl]})-amide is mixed at 0-~°C carefully [with] 140 ml of HBr/AcOH (33%) and stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. Then, the reaction mixture is poured into 800 ml of diethyl ether, and the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off and rewashed several times with diethyl ether. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and 100 ml of dichloromethane and, while being stirred vigorously, 32% NaOH solution is added until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 50 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 10.3 g (97% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.01 H 6.04 N 18.66 I 28.18 Fnd.: C 40.19 H 6.07 N 18.60 I 28.11 e) 2,4,6-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-l,~-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl]; )-amide 18.6 g (13.7 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-NN ,:V tris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{1-[1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl]})-amide is dissolved in 7~ ml ofwater, 19.~ g (206.5 mmol) of chloroacetic acid is added, and a pH of 9.5 is set at 60°C with 32°~o NaOH. It is heated for 10 hours to 70°C, whereby the pH of the reaction mixture is readjusted continuously to 9.5. After cooling to room temperature, a pH of 1 is set with concentrated HCI, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
The residue is absorptively precipitated with 250 ml of methanol, insoluble components are filtered out, and the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and added to an ion-exchange column (600 ml, IR 120, H+-form).
Then, it is washed with 2 1 of water, and the acidic eluate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 70 ml of methanol and added in drops in 900 ml of diethyl ether;
the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, rewashed several times with diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 13.8 g (54% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.39 H 5.33 N 13.46 I 20.32 Fnd.: C 40.51 H 5.39 N 13.38 I 20.36 f) 2,4,6-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N-tris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})amide 13 g (6.9 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodotrimesic acid-?~;N,N tris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethy1~1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl]})-amide is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed. a pH of 7.4 is set with ammonia and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-forml for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 6.2 g (36% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.2%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.39 H 3.88 N 10.79 I 16.30 Gd 20.20 Fnd.: C 32.44 H 3.89 N 10.71 I 16.33 Gd 20.07 g) 2,4,6-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N-tris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl, Dy complex]})amide 13 g (6.9 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodotrimesic acid-N,.N,N-tris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl]})-amide is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.88 g ( 10.4 mmol) of dysprosium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptivelv precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 7.0 g (41 % of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.9%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.18 H 3.86 N 10.72 I 16.19 Dy 20.73 Fnd.: C 32.32 H 3.91 N 10.67 I 16.11 Dy 20.68 h) 2,4,6-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl- f 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl, Y complex]})amide 13 g (6.9 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,V'-tris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl- f 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl]})-amide is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.72 g (10.4 mmol) of yttrium carbonate is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After the complexing is completed, it is set at pH 7.4 with ammonia and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 6.5 g (42% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 4.8%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 3.51 H 4.26 N 11.38 I 17.87 Y 12.2 Fnd.: C 3.73 H 4.31 I~T 11.31 I 17.79 Y 12.60 Example 4 a) 1,4,7-Tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-10-(1-ethoxycarbonylethyl}~1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane 50.1 g (87.0 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbony1~1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane (Delaney et al. , J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1991, 3329) is dissolved in 500 ml of acetonitrile and mixed with 55.5 g (400 mmol) of sodium carbonate. Then, while being stirred vigorously, 54.3 g (300 mmol) of 1-bromopropionic acid ethyl ester is added, and it is heated for 20 hours to 60°C.
Insoluble components are filtered out, evaporated to the dry state and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: ethyl acetate/hexane 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 46 g (78% of theory) of a colorless oil.
Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 65.86 H 6.87 N 8.30 Fnd.: C 65.99 H 6.88 N 8.23 b) 1,4,7-Tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-10-(1-carboxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane 33.7 g (50 mmol) of 1,4.7-tris-(benzyloxycarbony1~10-(1-ethoxycarbonylethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane is dissolved [in] 300 ml of dioxane and mixed with 140 ml of ~°~o aqueous NaOH solution and stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. After neutralization with concentrated HCI, it is evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 250 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 250 ml each of 1N
HCL
solution. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, and the solvent is evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 28.2 g (87% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 65.00 H 6.55 N 8.66 Fnd.: C 65.22 H 6.59 N 8.60 c) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N-tris-(3-aza-1-methyl-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbony1~1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl]})-amide 45.6 g (70.6 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-10-(1-carboxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane, 21 ml (164 mmol) of triethylamine, 14.6 g ( 70.5 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 8.1 g (70.5 mmol) of N hydroxysuccinimide are added to a suspension of 16.8 g (23.5 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(2-aminoethyl)amide in 450 ml DMF, and it is stirred for 20 hours at room temperature.
Insoluble components are filtered out and evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 500 ml each of water. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 24.5 g (40% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 55.43 H 5.47 N 9.70 I 14.64 Fnd.: C 55.49 H 5.43 N 9.66 I 14.60 d) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(3-aza-1-methyl-4-oxopentane-1,~-diyl-{ 1-[1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl] } )-amide 23 g (8.85 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N-tris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl]})-amide is mixed carefully at 0-5°C with 140 ml of HBr/AcOH (33%) and stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. Then, the reaction mixture is poured into 800 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off and rewashed several times with diethyl ether. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and 100 ml of dichloromethane while being stirred vigorously, and 32% NaOH solution is added until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 50 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 11.7 g (95% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 41.39 H 6.29 N 18.10 I 27.33 Fnd.: C 41.51 H 6.32 N 18.01 I 27.26 e) 2,4,6-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N-tris-(3-aza-1-methyl-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl]})-amide 18.8 g (13.5 mmol) of 1,3,x-triiodotrimesic acid-~'~;N,N tris-(3-aza-1-methyl-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{1-[1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl]})-amide is dissolved in 75 ml of water, 19.~ g (206.5 mmol) of chloroacetic acid is added, and a pH of 9.5 is set at 60°C with 32% NaOH. It is heated for 10 hours to 70°C; whereby the pH of the reaction mixture is continuously readjusted to 9.5. After cooling to room temperature, a pH of 1 is set with concentrated HCI, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum. The residue is absorptively precipitated with 250 ml of methanol, insoluble components are filtered out, and the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation.
The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and added to an ion-exchange column (600 ml, IR 120, H+-form). Then, it is washed with 2 1 of water, and the acidic eluate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 70 ml of methanol and added in drops in 900 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, rewashed several times with diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 15.0 g (58% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 41.39 H 5.53 N 13.16 I 19.88 Fnd.: C 41.46 H 5.537 N 13.11 I 19.79 f) 2,4,6-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,~'~=tris-(3-aza-1-methyl-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex] })amide 13.2 g (6.9 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(3-aza-1-methyl-4-oxopentane-1, 5-diyl- { 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl] } )-amide is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is relluxed for 6 hours.
After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then it is absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 7.1 g (41% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.6%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 33.34 H 4.07 N 10.60 I 16.01 Gd 19.84 Fnd.: C 33.51 H 4.14 N 10.53 I 15.98 Gd 19.76 Example 5 a) Dibenzyloxiranylmethylamine 98.6 g (0.5 mol) of dibenzylamine and 55.5 g (0.6 mol) of epichlorohydrin are dissolved in 500 ml of methanol and heated for 6 hours to 80°C. The solution is evaporated to the dry state and mixed with 500 ml of tert-butanol. A solution of 36.4 g (0.65 mol) of potassium hydroxide in 50 ml of water is now added while being stirred, and it is heated for 2 hours to 80°C. After cooling to room temperature, the potassium chloride that is formed is filtered out, the filtrate is evaporated to the dry state and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: hexane/ethyl acetate 10 : 1).
The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 126 g (99% of theory) of a colorless oil Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 80.60 H 7.56 N 5.53 Fnd.: C 80.72 H 7.59 N 5.51 4~
b) [1-(3-Dibenzylamino-2-hydroxypropyl~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane]
pentahydrochloride 100 ml (752.77 mmol) of N,N dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal is added to 100 g (580.48 mmol) of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, dissolved in 700 ml of toluene, and it is heated for 2 hours to 120°C under nitrogen. In this case, a methanol/toluene azeotrope is distilled off continuously. Then, the reaction mixture is concentrated by evaporation at 70°C in a vacuum, 157 g (620 mmol) of dibenzyloxiranylmethylamine is added, and it is heated under nitrogen for 24 hours to 110°C. After cooling to room temperature, it is mixed with 500 ml of water and extracted twice with 200 ml each of ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase is mixed with 250 ml of concentrated HCl and then heated for 12 hours to 80°C. It is evaporated to the dry state, mixed with 200 ml of ethanol and 200 ml of methanol and evaporated again to the dry state. The residue is dissolved in 600 ml of ethanol while being heated, and then it is slowly cooled to 0°C, whereby a white solid is crystallized out. The solid is filtered off, washed with ethanol and then dried at 50°C in a vacuum.
Yield: 280 g (79% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: ~ C 49.39 H 7.29 N 11.52 Cl 29.16 Fnd.: C 49.67 H 7.44 N 11.56 Cl 28.22 c) 10-(3-Dibenzylamino-2-hydroxypropyl~l,4,7-tris-(tent-butoxycarbonylmethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane 32°'o NaOH solution is added to 250 g (411.2 mmol) of [1-(3-dibenzylamino-2-hydroxypropyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane] pentahydrochloride, dissolved in ' ' 46 500 ml of water and 500 ml of dichloromethane, while being stirred vigorously until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 250 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state. The residue is dissolved in 1200 ml of acetonitrile and mixed with 176.2 g (1.275 mol) of potassium carbonate.
Then, 248.7 g (1.275 mol) of bromoacetic acid-tent-butyl ester is added while being stirred vigorously, and it is heated for 3 hours to 60°C. Insoluble components are filtered out, it is evaporated to the dry state and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 262 g (83% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 67.25 H 9.05 N 9.12 Fnd.: C 67.33 H 9.02 N 9.15 d) 10-(3-Amino-2-hydroxypropyl~l,4,7-tris-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl}~acyclo-dodecane 76.8 g (100 mmol) of 10-(3-dibenzylamino-2-hydroxypropyl~l,4,7-tris-{tert-butoxycarbonylmethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane is dissolved in 500 ml of methanol, mixed with 40 ml of water, and 10 g of palladium catalyst (20% Pd/C) is added. It is hydrogenated for 8 hours at 50°C under normal pressure.
Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum.
Yield: 58.5 g (quantitative) of a colorless powder Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 59.26 H 9.77 N 11.91 Fnd.: C 59.48 H 9.86 N 11.67 e) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N;N,N tris-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(tent-butoxycarbonylmethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )amide 12.2 g (120 mmol) of triethylamine and then 38.8 g (66 mmol) of 10-(3-amino-2-hydroxypropyl~ 1,4,7-tris-(tent-butoxycarbonylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane are added to 12.86 g (20 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid tris chloride (DE
3001292, Schering AG, priority: 1/11/1980), dissolved in 400 ml of tetrahydrofuran, and it is stirred for 6 hours at room temperature. Insoluble components are filtered out, it is evaporated to the dry state, and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 32.7 g (71% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 50.19 H 7.37 N 9.15 I 16.57 Fnd.: C 50.33 H 7.40 I~T 9.11 I 16.43 f) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,Ntris-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )amide 34.5 g (15 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-lV,N,N tris-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl- { 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(tent-butoxycarbonylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyc lo-dodecanyl]})amide is dissolved in 100 ml of dichloromethane, mixed at 0°C with 100 ml of trifluoroacetic acid and stirred for 3 hours at 0°C. The batch is poured into 500 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates is filtered off, rewashed three times with 100 ml each of diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 25.3 g (94% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.21 H 5.40 N 11.72 I 21.24 Fnd.: C 40.44 H 5.49 N 11.67 I 21.11 g) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]}, Gd complex)amide 21.5 g (12 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-N,l~;N tris-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})amide is dissolved in 250 ml of water and acidified by adding 5 ml of acetic acid. 13 g (36.2 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added and refluxed for 3 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 20/20/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 19.4 g (68% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.3%
Elementary analysis (relative to anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 31.96 H 3.89 N 9.32 I 16.88 Gd 20.92 Fnd.: C 32.11 H 3.94 N 9.28 I 16.77 Gd 20.79 Example 6 a) 1-Benzyl-1-methyl(oxiranylmethyl)amine 60.6 g (0.5 mol) of benzylmethylamine and 55.5 g (0.6 mol) of epichlorohydrin are dissolved in 500 ml of methanol and heated for 6 hours to 80°C. The solution is evaporated to the dry state and mixed with 500 ml of tert-butanol. A solution of 36.4 g (0.65 mol) of potassium hydroxide in 50 ml of water is now added while being stirred, and it is heated for 2 hours to 80°C. After cooling to room temperature, potassium chloride that has formed is filtered out, the filtrate is evaporated to the dry state and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: hexane/ethyl acetate 10 : 1).
The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 85 g (96% of theory) of a colorless oil Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 74.54 H 8.53 N 7.90 Fnd.: C 74.68 H 8.55 N 7.82 b) [1-(3-Benzylmethylamino-2-hydroxypropyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane]
pentahydrochloride 100 ml (752.77 mmol) of N,N dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal is added to 100 g (580.48 mmol) of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, dissolved in 700 ml of toluene, and it is heated for 2 hours to 120°C under nitrogen. In this case, a methanol/toluene JO
azeotrope is continuously distilled off. Then, the reaction mixture is concentrated by evaporation at 70°C in a vacuum, 110 g (620 mmol) of 1-benzyl-1-methyl(oxiranylmethyl)amine is added, and it is heated under nitrogen for 24 hours to 110°C. After cooling to room temperature, it is mixed with 500 ml of water and extracted twice with 200 ml each of ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase is mixed with 250 ml of concentrated HCl and then heated for 12 hours to 80°C. It is evaporated to the dry state, mixed with 200 ml of ethanol and 200 ml of methanol and again evaporated to the dry state. The residue is dissolved in 600 ml of ethanol while being heated, and then it is slowly cooled to 0°C, whereby a white solid crystallizes out. The solid is filtered off, washed with ethanol and then dried at 50°C in a vacuum.
Yield: 235 g (76% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 42.91 H 7.58 N 13.17 C133.33 Fnd.: C 43.34 H 7.60 N 13.29 Cl 32.78 c) 10-(3-Benzylmethylamino-2-hydroxypropyl~-1,4,7-tris-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl}~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane 32% NaOH solution is added to 212.7 g (400 mmol) of [1-(3-benzylmethylamino-2-hydroxypropyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane]
pentahydrochloride, dissolved in 500 ml of water and 500 ml of dichloromethane, while being stirred vigorously until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 250 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state.
The residue is dissolved in 1200 ml of acetonitrile and mixed with 176.2 g (1.275 mol) of potassium carbonate. Then, 248.7 g (1.275 mol) of bromoacetic acid-tent-butyl ester is added while being stirred vigorously, and it is heated for 3 hours to 60°C. Insoluble components are filtered out, it is evaporated to the dry state, and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 219 g (79% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 64.23 H 9.47 N 10.12 Fnd.: C 64.38 H 9.50 N 10.07 d) 10-(3-Methylamino-2-hydroxypropyl}-1,4,7-tris-(tent-butoxycarbonylmethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane 69.2 g (100 mmol) of 10-(3-benzylmethylamino-2-hydroxypropyl}-1,4,7-tris-(tort-butoxycarbonylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane is dissolved in 500 ml of methanol, mixed with 40 ml of water, and 10 g of palladium catalyst (20% Pd/C) is added. It is hydrogenated for 8 hours at ~0°C under normal pressure.
Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum.
Yield: 60 g (quantitative) of a colorless powder Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 59.67 H 9.88 N 11.64 Fnd.: C 59.89 H 9.81 N 11.52 e) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanylJ }
)methylamide 12.2 g (120 mmol) of triethylamine and then 39.7 g (66 mmol) of 10-(3-methylamino-2-hydroxypropyl}-1,4,7-tris-(tent-butoxycarbonylinethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane are added to 12.86 g (20 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid tris chloride (DE 3001292, Schering AG, priority: 1/11/1980), dissolved in 400 ml of tetrahydrofuran, and it is stirred for 18 hours at room temperature. Insoluble components are filtered out, it is evaporated to the dry state and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 31.4 g (67% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 50.83 H 7.50 N 8.98 I 16.41 Fnd.: C 50.99 H 7.57 N 8.90 I 16.22 f) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N-tris-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7.10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )methylamide 35.1 g (15 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-N,V,N tris-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl}~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] })-methylamide is dissolved in 100 ml of dichloromethane, mixed at 0°C
with 100 ml of trifluoroacetic acid and stirred for 3 hours at 0°C. The batch is poured into 500 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates is filtered off, it is rewashed three times with 100 ml each of diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 26.4 g (96% of theory) of a colorless solid S.i Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.25 H 5.60 N 11.45 I 20.75 Fnd.: C 40.17 H 5.69 N 11.51 I 20.58 g) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]}, Gd complex) methylamide 22 g (12 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})methylamide is dissolved in 250 ml of water and acidified by adding 5 ml o.f acetic acid. 13 g (36.2 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 3 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 20/20/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 18.2 g (62% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.1 Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.94 H 4.08 N 9.15 I 16.57 Gd 20.54 Fnd.: C 33.21 H 4.13 N 9.10 I 16.43 Gd 20.22 ' S4 Example 7 a) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(oxiranylmethoxymethyl)benzene 55 ml of a 32% NaOH solution is added in drops at room temperature to a mixture that consists of 11.0 g (20.1 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-trishydroxymethylbenzene, 55.5 g (0.6 mol) of epichlorohydrin and 1.1 g (3.2 mmol) of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate within 1 hour, and then it is stirred for 12 hours.
It is mixed with 150 ml of water and extracted twice with 200 ml each of toluene. The combined organic phases are dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: hexane/ethyl acetate : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 10.5 g (73% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 30.28 H 2.96 I 53.32 Fnd.: C 30.44 H 2.99 I 53.21 b) 1,3,5-Triiodo-{2,4,6-tris(2-hydroxy-3-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-yl)propyloxy-methyl] } benzene 10 ml (75.28 mmol) of N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal is added to 10 g (58.05 mmol) of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, dissolved in 100 ml of toluene, and it is heated for 2 hours to 120°C under nitrogen. In this case, a methanol/toluene azeotrope is distilled off continuously. Then, the reaction mixture is concentrated by evaporation at 70°C in a vacuum, 13.6 g (19.1 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(oxiranylmethoxymethyl)benzene is added, and it is heated under nitrogen for 24 hours ~5 to 110°C. After cooling to room temperature, it is mixed with 100 ml of 2N HC1 and then heated for 12 hours to 80°C. It is evaporated to the dry state, mixed with 50 ml of ethanol and 50 ml of methanol and evaporated to the dry state again. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of ethanol while being heated, and then slowly cooled to 0°C, whereby a white solid crystallizes out. The solid is filtered off, washed with ethanol and then dried at 50°C in a vacuum. The solid is dissolved in 100 ml of water and 100 ml of dichloromethane, and 32% NaOH solution is added while being stirred vigorously until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 100 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 19.0 g (81 % of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.98 H 6.63 N 13.66 I 30.93 Fnd.: C 41.32 H 6.71 N 13.54 I 30.77 c) 1,3,5-Triiodo-{2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-3-(1,4,7-triscarboxymethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-yl)propyloxymethyl] } benzene 16.6 g (13.5 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-{2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-3-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-yl)propyloxy-methyl]} benzene is dissolved in 75 ml of water, 19.5 g (206.5 mmol) of chloroacetic acid is added, and a pH of 9.5 is set at 60°C with 32% NaOH. It is heated for 10 hours to 70°C, whereby the pH of the reaction mixture is continuously readjusted to 9.5. After cooling to room temperature, a pH of 1 is set with concentrated HCI, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
The residue is absorptively precipitated with 2~0 ml of methanol, insoluble components are s6 filtered out, and the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and added to an ion-exchange column (600 ml, IR 120, H+-form).
Then, it is washed with 2 1 of water, and the acidic eluate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 70 ml of methanol and added in drops in 900 ml of diethyl ether;
the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, rewashed several times with diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 14.4 g (61% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 41.11 H 5.69 N 9.59 I 21.71 Fnd.: C 41.34 H 5.56 N 9.62 I 21.45 d) 1,3,5-Triiodo-{2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-3-(1,4,7-triscarboxylatomethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-yl)propyloxymethyl] Gd complex}benzene 12.1 g (6.9 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-{2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-3-(1,4,7-triscarboxymethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-yl)propyloxymethyl]}benzene is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 7.0 g (43% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.4%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.52 H 4.09 N 7.59 I 17.18 Gd 21.29 Fnd.: C 32.88 H 4.19 N 7.62 I 17.00 Gd 20.99 Example 8 a) 10-[4-Aza-6-(benzyloxycarbonylamino}-5-oxo-2-hydroxyhexyl]-1,4,7-tris-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane 21.97 g (105 mmol) of Z-glycine is dissolved in 400 ml of DMF, mixed with 12.1 g (105 mmol) ofN-hydroxysuccinimide and 21.7 g (105 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide while being cooled with ice and preactivated for 1 hour in ice. Then, 58.8 g (100 mmol) of 10-(3-amino-2-hydroxypropy1~1,4,7-tris-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane and 15.4 ml (120 mmol) of triethylamine are added and stirred overnight at room temperature. Insoluble components are filtered out and evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 500 ml each of water. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 63.2 g (81% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementarv analysis:
Cld.: C 60.13 H 8.54 N 10.79 Fnd.: C 60.32 H 8.561 N 10.59 J$
b) 10-(4-Aza-6-amino-5-oxo-2-hydroxyhexyl~l,4,7-tris-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane 60 g (77 mmol) of 10-[4-aza-6-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-5-oxo-2-hydroxyhexyl]-1,4,7-tris-(tent-butoxycarbonylmethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane is dissolved in 500 ml of methanol, mixed with 40 ml of water, and 10 g of palladium catalyst (10% Pd/C) is added. It is hydrogenated for 8 hours at 50°C
under normal pressure. Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 48.8 g (98% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 57.74 H 9.38 N 13.03 Fnd.: C 57.68 H 9.44 N 13.11 c) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(3-aza-2-oxo-5-hydroxyhexane-1,6-diyl-f 10-[1,4,7-tris-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})-amide 12.2 g ( 120 mmol) of triethylamine and then 42.6 g (66 mmol) of 10-(4-aza-6-amino-5-oxo-2-hydroxyhexyl~ 1,4,7-tris-(tent-butoxycarbonylmethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane are added to 12.86 g (20 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid tris chloride (DE 3001292, Schering AG, priority: 1/11/1980), dissolved in 400 ml of tetrahydrofuran, and it is stirred for 6 hours at room temperature. Insoluble components are filtered out, evaporated to the dry state and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 36.5 g (74% of theory) of a colorless solid ~9 Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 49.63 H 7.23 N 10.21 I 15.42 Fnd.: C 49.97 H 7.31 N 10.12 I 15.26 d) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(3-aza-2-oxo-5-hydroxyhexane-1,6-diyl-{ 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )amide 34.6 g (14 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(3-aza-2-oxo-5-hydroxyhexane-1,6-diyl-{ 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(tent-butoxycarbonylmethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})amide is dissolved in 100 ml of dichloromethane, mixed at 0°C with 100 ml of trifluoroacetic acid and stirred for 3 hours at 0°C. The batch is poured into 500 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates is filtered off, rewashed three times with 100 ml each of diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 26.0 g {95% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.38 H 5.39 N 12.84 I 19.39 Fnd.: C 40.56 H 5.45 N 12.78 I 19.17 e) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N, V,N tris-(3-aza-2-oxo-5-hydroxyhexane-1,6-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]}, Gd complex)amide 23.6 g (12 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-11~;N,N tris-(3-aza-2-oxo-5-hydroxyhexane-1,6-diyl-{ 10-[ 1,4,7-Iris-{carboxymethyl)-1,4, 7,10-tetraazacyclo-dodecanyl]})amide is dissolved in 250 ml of water and acidified by adding 5 ml of acetic acid. 13 g (36.2 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 3 hours.
After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 again with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia:
20/20/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 20.8 g (67% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.4%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.68 H 3.99 N 10.39 I 15.69 Gd 19.45 Fnd.: C 32.99 H 4.07 N 10.35 I 15.53 Gd 19.22 Example 9 a) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(toluenesulfonyloxy)methylbenzene 76.3 g (400 mmol) of toluenesulfonic acid chloride is added in drops to a mixture that consists of 50.0 g (91.4 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-hydroxymethylbenzene and 3 g (8.7 mmol) of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate in 200 ml of 32%
NaOH
solution and 300 ml of toluene at room temperature, and then it is stirred for 12 hours. It is mixed with 300 ml of water and extracted twice with 200 ml each of toluene.
The combined organic phases are dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: hexane/ethyl acetate 10 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 47.2 g (51% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 35.73 H 2.70 I 37.7 Fnd.: C 36.03 H 2.77 I 37.56 b) 1,4,7-Tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-10-(carbamidomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane 17.8 g (130.5 mmol) of isobutyl chloroformate is added in drops at -20°C to a solution of 75 g (118.7 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}~10-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane and 16.9 g (130.5 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine in 500 ml of THF. Then, it is stirred for 1 hour at -20°C and mixed carefully with 20 ml of 25% aqueous ammonia solution. It is stirred for 2 more hours at 0°C, then the solvent is distilled off in a vacuum and the residue 'is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: ethyl acetate/hexane 10 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 60.7 g (81 % of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 64.64 H 6.54 N 11.09 Fnd.: C 64.81 H 6.49 N 11.00 c) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl- f 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] ~ )benzene 44.6 g (70.6 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbony1~10-(carbamidomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane is dissolved in 500 ml of THF and mixed at 0°C under argon with 1.71 g (71 mmol) of sodium hydride and stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. Then, a solution of 20.2 g (20 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(toluenesulfonyloxy)methylbenzene in 150 ml of THF is added in drops and refluxed for 20 hours. After cooling, insoluble components are filtered out and evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 500 ml each of water. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 29.4 g (62% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 55.85 H 5.32 N 8.80 I 15.95 Fnd.: C 56.07 H 5.39 N 8.67 I 15.76 d) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-{2-aza-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-[10-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl)] ]benzene 20 g (8.4 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]])benzene is carefully mixed at 0-5°C [with] 140 ml of HBr/AcOH (33%) and stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. Then, the reaction mixture is poured into 800 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, and it is rewashed several times with diethyl ether. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and 100 ml of dichloromethane while being stirred vigorously, and 32% NaOH solution is added until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 50 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 9.1 g (91 % of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 39.70 H 6.15 N 17.81 I 32.27 Fnd.: C 39.91 H 6.22 N 17.75 I 32.09 e) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )benzene 17.7 g (15 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-{2-aza-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-[10-( 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl)] }benzene is dissolved in 75 ml of water, 19.5 g (206.5 mmol) of chloroacetic acid is added, and a pH of 9.5 is set at 60°C
with 32% NaOH. It is heated for 10 hours to 70°C, whereby the pH of the reaction mixture is readjusted continuously to 9.5. After cooling to room temperature, the pH is set at 1 with concentrated HCI, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
The residue is absorptively precipitated with 250 ml of methanol, insoluble components are filtered out, and the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and added to an ion-exchange column (600 ml, IR 120, H+-form).
Then, it is washed with 2 1 of water, and the acidic eluate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 70 ml of methanol and added in drops in 900 ml of diethyl ether;
the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, rewashed several times with diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 13.8 g (54% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.22 H 5.33 N 12.34 I 22.37 Fnd.: C 40.43 H 5.37 N 12.25 I 22.19 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]}, Gd complex)benzene 11.7 g (6.9 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})benzene is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 8.4 g (53% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.1 Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 31.63 H 3.77 N 9.71 I 17.59 Gd 21.79 Fnd.: C 31.77 H 3.72 N 9.76 I 17.45 Gd 21.63 6~
g) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]}, Dy complex)benzene 11.7 g (6.9 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-{2,4,6-tris-[2-(4,7,10-triscarboxymethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-ylacetylamino)methyl]}benzene is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.88 g (10.4 mmol) of dysprosium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 7.5 g (47% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.9%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 31.40 H 3.74 N 9.64 I 17.46 Dy 22.36 Fnd.: C 31.65 H 3.79 N 9.67 I 17.25 Dy 22.11 h) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-{ 10-[1,4.7-tris-(carboxylatomethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]},Y complex)benzene 11.7 g (6.9 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-{2,4,6-tris-[2-(4,7,10-triscarboxymethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-ylacetylamino)methyl]}benzene is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.72 g (10.4 mmol) of yttrium carbonate is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 8.7 g (61 % of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.4%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 34.93 H 4.17 N 10.72 I 19.43 Y 13.61 Fnd.: C 35.12 H 4.11 N 10.79 I 19.34 Y 13.52 Erample 10 a) 1,4,7-Tris-(benzyloxycarbony1~10-(1-carbamidoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane 17.8 g (130.5 mmol) of isobutyl chloroformate is added in drops to a solution of 76.8 g (118.7 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-10-(1-carboxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane and 16.9 g (130.5 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine in 500 ml of THF at -20°C. Then, it is stirred for 1 hour at -20°C and carefully mixed with 20 ml of 25% aqueous ammonia solution. It is stirred for 2 more hours at 0°C, then the solvent is distilled off in a vacuum, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: ethyl acetate/hexane 10 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 59.8 g (78% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 65.10 H 6.71 N 10.85 Fnd.: C 65.34 H 6.86 N 10.67 b) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-4-methyl-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )benzene 45.6 g (70.6 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbony1~10-(1-carbamidoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane is dissolved in 500 ml of THF and mixed at 0°C under argon with 1.71 g (71 mmol) of sodium hydride and stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. Then, a solution of 20.2 g (20 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(toluenesulfonyloxy)methylbenzene in 150 ml of THF is added in drops and stirred for 20 hours under reflux. After cooling; insoluble components are filtered out and evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 500 ml each of water. The organic phase.is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 27.7 g (57% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 56.37 H 5.48 N 8.65 I 15.67 Fnd.: C 56.56 H 5.39 N 8.73 I 15.46 c) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-{2-aza-4-methyl-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-[10-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl)] }benzene 25 g (10.3 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-4-methyl-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})benzene is carefully mixed at 0-5°C with 150 ml of HBr/AcOH (33%) and stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. Then, the reaction mixture is poured into 800 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, and it is rewashed several times with diethyl ether. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and 100 ml of dichloromethane while being stirred vigorously, and 32% NaOH solution is added until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 50 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 11.4 g (90% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 41.29 H 6.43 N 17.19 I 31.16 Fnd.: C 41.44 H 6.49 N 17.07 I 31.00 d) 1,3,~-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-4-methyl-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )benzene 18.3 g (15 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-{2-aza-4-methyl-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-[10-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl)]}benzene is dissolved in 75 ml ofwater, 19.5 g (206.5 mmol) of chloroacetic acid is added, and a pH of 9.5 is set at 60°C with 32%
NaOH. It is heated for 10 hours to 70°C, whereby the pH of the reaction mixture is continuously readjusted to 9.5. After cooling to room temperature, a pH of 1 is set with concentrated HC1, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
The residue is absorptively precipitated with 250 ml of methanol, insoluble components are filtered out, and the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and added to an ion-exchange column (600 ml, IR 120, H+-form).
Then, it is washed with 2 1 of water, and the acidic eluate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 70 ml of methanol and added in drops in 900 ml of diethyl ether;
the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, rewashed several times with diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 15.5 g (59% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 41.32 H 5.55 N 12.05 I 21.83 Fnd.: C 41.56 H 5.62 N 12.01 I 21.73 e) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-4-methyl-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]}, Gd complex)benzene 12.0 g (6.9 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-4-methyl-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})benzene is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, a pH of 7.4 is set with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then it is absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, i0 mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 7.6 g (47% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.2%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.66 H 3.97 N 9.52 I 17.25 Gd 21.38 Fnd.: C 32.78 H 3.99 N 9.45 I 17.21 Gd 21.19 Example 11 a) 10-[4-Carbamido-1-methyl-2-oxo-3-azabutyl]-1,4;7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-tent-butyl ester 17.8 g (130.5 mmol) of isobutyl chloroformate is added in drops at-20°C
to a solution of 76.5 g (118.7 mmol) of 10-[4-carboxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-3-azabutyl]1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-tent-butyl ester (DE 19549286 Al, Schering AG, (Example 2d)) and 16.9 g (130.5 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine in 500 ml of THF. Then, it is stirred for 1 hour at -20°C and carefully mixed with 20 ml of 25%
aqueous ammonia solution. It is stirred for 2 more hours at 0°C, then, the solvent is distilled off in a vacuum, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 61.1 g (80% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 57.92 H 9.09 N 13.07 Fnd.: C 58.11 H 9.12 N 12.99 b) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2,5-diaza-3,6-dioxo-7-methylheptane-1,7-diyl-{10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(tert-butyloxycarbonylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclo-dodecanyl]})benzene 44.6 g (70.6 mmol) of 10-[4-carbamido-1-methyl-2-oxo-3-azabutyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-tent-butyl ester is dissolved in 500 ml of THF
and mixed at 0°C under argon with I .71 g (71 mmol) of sodium hydride, and it is stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. Then, a solution of 20.2 g (20 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(toluenesulfonyloxy)methylbenzene in 150 ml of THF is added in drops and stirred under reftux for 20 hours. After cooling, insoluble components are filtered out and evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in S00 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 500 ml each of water. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 15.1 g (31 % of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 50.62 H 7.37 N 10.42 I 15.73 Fnd.: C 50.79 H 7.41 N 10.44 I 15.64 c) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2,5-diaza-3,6-dioxo-7-methylheptane-1,?-diyl-{10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )benzene i 8.2 g (7.5 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-Iris-(2,5-diaza-3,6-dioxo-7-methylheptane-1,7-diyl- { 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(tert-butyloxycarbonylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )benzene is dissolved in .75 ml of dichloromethane, mixed at 0°C with 75 ml of trifluoroacetic acid and stirred for 3 hours at 0°C. The batch is poured into 500 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates is filtered off, rewashed three times with 100 ml each of diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 14.1 g (98% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 41.39 H 5.53 N 13.16 I 19.88 Fnd.: C 41.51 H 5.57 N 13.11 I 19.67 d) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2,5-diaza-3,6-dioxo-7-methylheptane-1,7-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]}, Gd complex)benzene 13.2 g (6.9 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2,5-diaza-3,6-dioxo-7-methylheptane-1,7-diyl- { 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclo-dodecanyl]})benzene is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia:
10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then it is absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 10.2 g (58% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.2%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 33.34 H 4.07 N 10.60 I 16.01 Gd 19.84 Fnd:: C 33.52 H 4.12 N 10.63 I 15.89 Gd 19.72 Example 12 a) 10-(4-Carbamido-2-oxo-3-azabutyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-tent-butyl ester 17.8 g (130.5 mmol) of isobutyl chloroformate is added in drops at-20°C
to a solution of 74.8 g (118.7 mmol) of 10-(4-carboxy-2-oxo-3-azabutyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-tent-butyl ester (DE 19549286 A1, Schering AG, (Example li)) and 16.9 g (130.5 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine in 500 ml of THF.
Then, it is stirred for 1 hour at -20°C and carefully mixed with 20 ml of 25% aqueous ammonia solution. It is stirred for 2 more hours at 0°C, and then the solvent is distilled off in a vacuum, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 55.9 g (75% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld..: C 57.30 H 8.98 N 13.36 Fnd.: C 57.45 H 8.99 N 13.31 7~
b) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2,5-diaza-3,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(tert-butyloxycarbonylmethyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )benzene 44.4 g (70.6 mmol) of 10-(4-carbamido-2-oxo-3-azabutyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-tent-butyl ester is dissolved in 500 ml of THF and mixed at 0°C under argon with 1.71 g (71 mmol) of sodium hydride, and it is stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. Then, a solution of 20.2 g (20 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(toluenesulfonyloxy)methylbenzene in 150 ml of THF is added in drops and stirred under reflux for 20 hours. After cooling, insoluble components are filtered out, and it is evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 500 ml each of water. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 16.2 g (34% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 50.00 H 7.25 N 10.60 I 16.01 Fnd.: C 50.17 H 7.28 N 10.55 I 15.89 c) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2,5-diaza-3,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7, I 0-tetraazacyclododecariyl] } )benzene 17.9 g (7.5 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4.6-tris-(2,5-diaza-3,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl- { 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(tent-butyloxycarbonylmethyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclo-dodecanyl]})benzene is dissolved in 75 ml of dichloromethane, mixed at 0°C with 75 ml of trifluoroacetic acid and stirred for 3 hours at 0°C. The batch is poured into 500 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates is filtered off, rewashed three times with 100 ml each of diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 13.5 g (96% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.39 H 5.33 N 13.46 I 20.32 Fnd.: C 40.21 H 5.27 N 13.57 I 20.22 d) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2,5-diaza-3,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] }, Gd complex)benzene 12.9 g (6.9 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2,5-diaza-3,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})benzene is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then it is absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 10.6 g (61% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.5%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.39 H 3.88 N 10.79 I 16.30 Gd 20.19 Fnd.: C 32.51 H 3.91 N 10.75 I 16.16 Gd 20.01 Example 13 a) 2,4,6-Triiodo-1,3,5-tris-(2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminoethoxymethyl)benzene 142 g (450 mmol) of toluenesulfonic acid-2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminoethyl ester (Carne et al., Tetrahedron Letters, 38, 1997, 3361), dissolved in 250 ml of toluene, is added in drops to a mixture that consists of 50.0 g (91.4 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-trishydroxymethylbenzene, and 3 g (8.7 mmol) of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate in 200 ml of 32% NaOH solution and 300 ml of toluene at room temperature, and then it is stirred for 12 hours. It is mixed with water and extracted twice with 300 ml each of toluene. The combined organic phases are dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
hexane/ethyl acetate 10 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 28.6 g (32% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 36.94 H 4.96 N 4.31 I 37.75 Fnd.: C 36.98 H 4.90 N 4.27 I 37.64 b) 2,4,6-Triiodo-1,3,5-tris-(aminoethoxymethyl)benzene 24.4 g (25 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-1,3,5-tris-(2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminoethoxy-methyl)benzene is dissolved in 100 ml of dichloromethane, mixed at 0°C
with 100 ml of trifluoroacetic acid and stirred for 3 hours at 0°C. The batch is poured into 500 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off and rewashed several times with diethyl ether. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and 100 ml of dichloromethane while being stirred vigorously, and 32% NaOH solution is added until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 50 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 14.7 g (87% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 26.69 H 3.58 N 6.22 I 56.39 Fnd.: C 26.78 H 3.55 N 6.16 I 56.27 c) 2,4,6-Triiodo-1,3, 5-tris-{ 10-[1,4,7-tiffs-(benzyloxycarbony1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]aminoethoxymethyl}benzene 44.6 g (70.6 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-10-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane, 21 ml (164 mmol) of triethylamine, 14.6 g (70.5 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 8.1 g (70.5 mmol) ofN hydroxysuccinimide are added to a solution of 15.9 g (23.5 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-1,3,x-tris-(aminoethoxymethyl)benzene in 400 ml DMF, and it is stirred for 20 hours at room temperature. Insoluble components are filtered out and evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 500 ml each of water. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 29 g (49% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 55.78 H 5.52 N 9.34 I 15.11 Fnd.: C 55.91 H 5.62 N 9.26 I 14.89 d) 2,4,6-Triiodo-1,3,5-tris-[10-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl)amino-ethoxymethyl]benzene 20 g (7.9 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-1,3,5-tris- f 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]aminoethoxymethyl}benzene is carefully mixed at 0-5°C with 140 ml of HBr/AcOH (33%) and stirred for 3 hours at room temperature.
Then, the reaction mixture is poured into 800 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off and rewashed several times with diethyl ether.
The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and 100 ml of dichloromethane while being stirred vigorously, and 32% NaOH solution is added until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 50 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 10.1 g (97% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 41.20 H 6.45 N 16.01 I 29.02 Fnd.: C 41.09 H 6.42 N 15.98 I 28.87 e) 2,4,6-Triiodo-1,3,5-tris-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclo-dodecanyl]aminoethoxymethyl } benzene 17.7 g (13.5 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-1,3,5-tris-[10-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclo-dodecanyl)aminoethoxymethyl]benzene is dissolved in 75 ml of water, 19.5 g (206.5 mmol) of chloroacetic acid is added, and a pH of 9.5 is set at 60°C
with 32% NaOH. It is heated for 10 hours to 70°C, whereby the pH of the reaction mixture is continuously readjusted to 9.5. After cooling to room temperature, the pH is set at 1 with concentrated HCI, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
The residue is absorptively precipitated with 250 ml of methanol, insoluble components are filtered out, and the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and added to an ion-exchange column (600 ml, IR 120, H+-form).
Then, it is washed with 2 1 of water, and the acidic eluate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 70 ml of methanol and added in drops in 900 ml of diethyl ether;
the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, rewashed several times with diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 14.4 g (58% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 41.25 H 5.60 N 11.45 I 20.76 Fnd.: C 41.20 H 5.48 N 11.51 I 20.59 fj 2,4,6-Triiodo-1,3,5-tris-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]aminoethoxymethyl}benzene 12.7 g (6.9 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-1,3,5-tris-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]aminoethoxymethyl}benzene is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 7.4 g (44% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.9%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.94 H 4.08 N 9.15 I 16.57 Gd 20.54 Fnd.: C 33.21 H 4.12 N 9.17 I 16.35 Gd 20.31 Example 14 a) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetylamino)-acetylamino]-isophthalic acid dichloride 14.5 ml (200 mmol) of thionyl chloride is added in drops at 0°C within 1 hour to a solution of 34.2 g (200 mmol) of glycine trifluoroacetate in 200 ml of dimethylacetamide. Then, 23.8 g (40 mmol) of 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid dichloride (DE 2943777, Schering AG, (priority: 10/26/79)) is added at 0°C and stirred for 4 days at room temperature. The reaction mixture is poured into 5 liters of ice water, and the solid that accumulates is filtered off. For further purification, the filter residue is dissolved in 1000 ml of ethyl acetate, shaken out twice with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, the organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, and the solvent is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
Yield: 29.3 g (97% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 19.25 H 0.54 N 3.74 Fnd.: C 19.39 H 0.57 N 3.72 b) 5-(2-Aminoacetylamino)-N,N bis-(2-aminoethyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid amide A solution of 10 g (13.3 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetylamino)-acetylamino]-isophthalic acid dichloride in 100 ml of tetrahydrofuran is added in drops to 26.7 ml (399 mmol) of ethylenediamine over 1 hour at room temperature, and it is stirred for 14 more hours. The solid that accumulates is filtered off, rewashed with ethanol, taken up in 100 ml of water, and the pH is set at 8.0 with 1 M
lithium hydroxide solution. After concentration by evaporation in a vacuum, it is recrystallized from ethanol.
Yield: 6.4 g (68% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 24.02 H 2.74 N 12.01 I 54.38 Fnd.: C 24.276 H 2.79 N 11.98 I 54.25 c) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3,6-diaza-1,4,7-trioxo-8-methyloctane-1,8-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})aminoiso-phthalic acid-N,N bis-(3,6-diaza-4,7-dioxo-8-methyloctane-1,8-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})amide 9.6 g (15.2 mmol) of the Gd complex of 10-[4-carboxy-2-oxo-3-aza-1-methylbutyl]1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (WO 98/24775, Schering AG, (Example 1 )) is suspended in 100 ml of DMSO and mixed with 1.96 g ( 17 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide and 3.3 g (16 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and preactivated for 1 hour. Then, it is mixed with 2.4 g (3.4 mmol) of 5-(2-aminoacetylamino)-N,N bis-(2-aminoethyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid amide and stirred for 3 days at room temperature under nitrogen. Insoluble components are filtered out, and the solution is poured into 1000 ml of acetone. The solid that accumulates in this case is filtered off and washed in portions with 300 ml of acetone and with 100 ml of diethyl ether. The residue is taken up in 200 ml of water and absorptively precipitated for 2 hours with 30 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) and filtered off.
Then, it is absorptively precipitated for 2 hours with 10 .g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form), filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation to 100 ml. To remove the residual dimethyl sulfoxide, the solution is poured into 1000 ml of acetone, and the precipitate that accumulates is filtered off. The residue is dissolved in 250 ml of water, the conductivity is set at a value of 0.005 mS (pH = 7.0) with a little ion exchanger (H-form and OH-form), it is filtered off and concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
Yield: 5.7 g (62% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.7%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 33.64 H 4.09 N 11.60 I 15.02 Gd 18.61 Fnd.: C 33.77 H 4.13 N 11.54 I 15.00 Gd 18.53 Example 1~
a) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3,6-diaza-1,4,7-trioxooctane-1,8-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})aminoiso-phthalic acid-N,N-bis-(3,6-diaza-4,7-dioxooctane-1,8-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})amide 9.4 g (15.2 mmol) of the Gd complex of 10-[4-carboxy-2-oxo-3-azabutyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (WO 98/24775, Schering AG, (Example 11)) is suspended in 100 ml of DMSO and mixed with 1.96 g (17 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide and 3.3 g (16 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and preactivated for 1 hour. Then, it is mixed with 2.4 g (3.4 mmol) of 5-(2-aminoacetylamino)-N,N bis-(2-aminoethyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid amide, and it is stirred for 3 days at room temperature under nitrogen. Insoluble components are filtered out, and the solution is poured into 1000 ml of acetone. The solid that accumulates in this case is filtered off and washed in portions with 300 ml of acetone and with 100 ml of diethyl ether. The residue is taken up in 200 ml of water and absorptively precipitated for 2 hours with 30 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) and filtered off. Then, it is absorptively precipitated for 2 hours with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form), filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation to 100 ml. To remove the residual dimethyl sulfoxide, the solution is poured into 1000 ml of acetone, and the precipitate that accumulates is filtered off. The residue is dissolved in 250 ml of water, the conductivity is set at a value of 0.005 mS (pH = 7.0) with a little ion exchanger (H-form and OH-form), it is filtered off and concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
Yield: 6.1 g (67% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.4%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.76 H 3.92 N 11.80 I 15.27 Gd 18.92 Fnd.: C 32.91 H 3.98 N 11.81 I 15.11 Gd 18.67 Example 16 a) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})aminoisophthalic acid-N, N-bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl- { 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )amide 44.6 g (70.6 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbony1~10-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane, 21 ml (164 mmol) of triethylamine, 14.6 g (70.5 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 8.1 g (70.5 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide are added to a suspension of 16.5 g (23.5 mmol) of 5-(2-aminoacetylamino)-N,N bis-(2-aminoethyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid amide in 446 ml DMF, and it is stirred for 20 hours at room temperature. Insoluble components are filtered out, and it is evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 500 ml each of water. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 30.5 g (51 % of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 54.76 H 5.27 N 9.91 I 14.96 Fnd.: C 54.99 H 5.35 N 9.87 I 14.65 b) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclo-dodecanyl]})aminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] })amide 20 g (7.9 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbony1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})aminoisophthalic acid-N,N
bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}~
1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododecanyl]})amide is carefully mixed at 0-5°C [with] 140 ml of HBr/AcOH (33%) and stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. Then, the reaction mixture is poured into 800 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, and it is rewashed several times with diethyl ether. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and 100 ml of dichloromethane while being stirred vigorously, and 32% NaOH
solution is added until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 50 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate, and it is evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 10.1 g (96% of theory) of a colorless solid s6 Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 39.53 H 5.96 N 18.86 I 28.48 Fnd.: C 39.44 H 5.99 N 18.91 I 28.51 c) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})aminoisophthalic acid-N,N-bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )amide 18.0 g (13.5 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})aminoisophthalic acid-N,N-bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})amide is dissolved in 75 ml of water, 19.5 g (206.5 mmol) of chloroacetic acid is added, and a pH of 9.5 is set at 60°C with 32% NaOH. It is heated for 10 hours to 70°C, whereby the pH of the reaction mixture is readjusted continuously to 9.5. After cooling to room temperature, the pH is set at 1 with concentrated HCI, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
The residue is absorptively precipitated with 250 ml of methanol, insoluble components are filtered out, and the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and added to an ion-exchange column (600 ml, IR 120, H+-form).
Then, it is washed with 2 1 of water, and the acidic eluate is concentrated by evaporation.
The residue is dissolved in 70 ml of methanol and added in drops to 900 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, rewashed several times with diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 15.3 g (61% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.05 H 5.26 N 13.56 I 20.65 Fnd.: C 40.22 H 5.29 N 13.49 I 20.56 d) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})aminoiso-phthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})amide 12.8 g (6.9 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})aminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododecanyl]})amide is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia:
10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 8.3 g (48% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.9%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.07 H 3.82 N 10.86 I 16.40 Gd 20.32 Fnd.: C 32.21 H 3.85 N 10.89 I 16.25 Gd 20.19 Example 17 a) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxo-5-methylpentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]~)aminoisophthalic acid-N, N-bis-(3-aza-5-methyl-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl- { 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )amide 45.7 g (70.6 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-10-(1-carboxyethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane, 21 ml (164 mmol) oftriethylamine, 14.6 g (70.5 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 8.1 g (70.5 mmol) of N hydroxysuccinimide are added to a suspension of 16.5 g (23.5 mmol) of 5-(2-aminoacetylamino)-N,N bis-(2-aminoethyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid amide in 446 ml DMF, and it is stirred for 20 hours at room temperature. Insoluble components are filtered out, and it is evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 500 ml each of water. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 28.6 g (47% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 55.27 H 5.42 N 9.75 I 14.72 Fnd.: C 55.34 H 5.44 N 9.79 I 14.65 b) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxo-5-methylpentane-l,~-diyl-}10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})aminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-{3-aza-5-methyl-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})amide 20 g (7.7 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxo-5-methylpentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] }
)aminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-5-methyl-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})amide is carefully mixed at 0-5°C [with] 140 ml of HBr/AcOH (33%) and stirred for 3 hours at room temperature.
Then, the reaction mixture is poured into 800 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off and rewashed several times with diethyl ether.
The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and 100 ml of dichloromethane while being stirred vigorously, and 32% NaOH solution is added until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 50 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 10.2 g (96% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.94 H 6.21 N 18.28 I 27.61 Fnd.: C 41.13 H 6.17 N 18.32 I 27.47 c) 2,4.6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxo-5-methylpentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})aminoisophthalic acid-N,N
bis-(3-aza-5-methyl-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl~-1,4, 7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )amide 18.6 g (13.5 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxo-5-methylpentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})aminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-5-methyl-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})amide is dissolved in 75 ml of water, 19.5 g (206.5 mmol) of chloroacetic acid is added, and the pH is set at 9.5 at 60°C with 32% NaOH. It is heated for 10 hours to 70°C, whereby the pH of the reaction mixture is readjusted continuously to 9.5. After cooling to room temperature, a pH of 1 is set with concentrated HCI, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum. The residue is absorptively precipitated with 250 ml of methanol, insoluble components are filtered out, and the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and added to an ion-exchange column (600 ml, IR 120, H+-form). Then, it is washed with 2 1 of water, and the acidic eluate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 70 ml of methanol and added in drops in 900 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, rewashed several times with diethyl ether, and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 14.1 g (55%) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 41.06 H 5.46 N 13.26 I 20.02 Fnd.: C 41.34 H 5.52 N 13.31 I 19.69 d) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxo-5-methylpentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})aminoiso-phthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-5-methyl-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})amide 13.1 g (6.9 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxo-5-methylpentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] }
)aminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-5-methyl-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl~
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})amide is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, a pH of 7.4 is set with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol/
ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA
67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 7.6 g (44% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.3%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 33.02 H 4.01 N 10.66 I 16.10 Gd 19.96 Fnd.: C 33.34 H 4.08 N 10.62 I 16.01 Gd 19.82 Example d8 a) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-{methyl[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetylamino)-acetyl]amino}-isophthalic acid dichloride 14.5 ml (200 mmol) of thionyl chloride is added in drops at 0°C within 1 hour to a solution of 34.2 g (200 mmol) of glycine trifluoroacetate in 200 ml of dimethylacetamide. Then, 24.4 g (40 mmol) of 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid dichloride (EP 0033426, Sovak, 1/80 US) is added at 0°C, and it is stirred for 4 days at room temperature. The reaction mixture is poured into 5 liters of ice water, and the solid that accumulates is filtered off. For further purification, the filter residue is dissolved in 1000 ml of ethyl acetate, shaken out twice with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, the organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, and the solvent is concentrated by evaporation m a vacuum.
Yield: 28.7 g (94% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 20.47 H 0.79 N 3.67 Fnd.: C 20.52 H 0.77 N 3.71 b) 5-[(2-Aminoacetyl)-methylamino]-N,N bis-(2-aminoethyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid amide A solution of 10 g (13.1 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-{methyl-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetylamino)-acetyl]-amino}-isophthalic acid dichloride in 100 ml of tetrahydrofuran is added in drops to 26.7 ml (399 mmol) of ethylenediamine over 1 hour at room temperature, and it is stirred for 14 more hours. The precipitated solid is filtered off, rewashed with ethanol, taken up in 100 ml of water, and a pH of 8.0 is set with 1 M lithium hydroxide solution. After concentration by evaporation in a vacuum, it is recrystallized from ethanol.
Yield: 7.3 g (78% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 25.23 H 2.96 N 11.77 I 53.31 Fnd.: C 25.44 H 2.98 N 11.81 I 53.09 c) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )-methylaminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~
1,4,7,10-tetraazaeyclododecanyl] }amide 44.6 g (70.6 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}~10-(carboxymethyl~
1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane, 21 ml ( 164 mmol) of triethylamine, 14.6 g (70.5 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 8.1 g (70.5 mmol) of N hydroxysuccinimide are added to a suspension of 16.8 g (23.5 mmol) of 5-[(2-aminoacetyl)-methylamino]-N,N
bis-(2-aminoethyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid amide in 446 ml of DMF, and it is stirred for 20 hours at room temperature. Insoluble components are filtered out, and it is evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate, and it is extracted twice with 500 ml each of water. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 34.9 g (58% of theory) of a colorless solid ' 94 Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 54.93 H 5.32 N 9.86 I 14.88 Fnd.: C 55.12 H 5.39 N 9.81 I 14.72 d) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclo-dodecanyl]})-methylaminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl- { 10-[ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } amide 20 g (7.8 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] }
)methylaminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]}amide is carefully mixed at 0-5°C
[with] 140 ml of HBr/AcOH (33%) and stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. Then, the reaction mixture is poured into 800 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off and rewashed several times with diethyl ether. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and 100 ml of dichloromethane while being stirred vigorously, and 32%
NaOH solution is added until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 50 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate, and it is evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 10.0 g (95% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.01 H 6.04 N 18.66 I 28.18 Fnd.: C 40.19 H 6.07 N 18.62 I 28.03 e) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )-methylaminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } amide 18.2 g (13.5 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})-methylaminoisophthalic acid-N,1V bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})-amide is dissolved in 75 ml of water, 19.5 g (206.5 mmol) of chloroacetic acid is added, and a pH of 9.5 is set at 60°C with 32% NaOH. It is heated for 10 hours to 70°C, whereby the pH of the reaction mixture is readjusted continuously to 9.5. After cooling to room temperature, a pH of 1 is set with concentrated HCI, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum. The residue is absorptively precipitated with 250 ml of methanol, insoluble components are filtered out, and the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation.
The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and added to an ion-exchange column (600 ml, IR 120, H+-form). Then, it is washed with 21 of water, and the acidic eluate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 70 ml of methanol and added in drops in 900 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, rewashed several times with diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 15.0 g (59% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.39 H 5.33 N 13.46 I 20.32 Fnd.: C 40.53 H 5.37 N 13.41 I 20.17 fj 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})-methylaminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex] })-amide 12.9 g (6.9 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )-methylaminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } amide is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, a pH of 7.4 is set with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia:
10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 8.7 g (51 % of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.8%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.39 H 3.88 N 10.79 I 16.30 Gd 20.19 Fnd.: C 32.48 H 3.91 N 10.76 I 16.21 Gd 20.08 Example 19 a) 5-[3-(2-Aminoethyl)-ureido]-N,N bis-(2-aminoethyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid amide 100 ml of a 2 M solution of phosgene in toluene is carefully added to a solution of 29.8 g (50 mmol) of 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid dichloride (DE
2943777, Schering AG, (priority: 10/26/79)) in 250 ml of dioxane, and it is heated for 24 hours to 60°C. Then, the solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum at 80°C, whereby the gases are directed through a 20% aqueous NaOH solution. The residue is dissolved in 200 ml of tetrahydrofuran and added in drops to 66.9 ml (1.0 mol) of ethylenediamine for over 1 hour at room temperature, and it is stirred for 24 more hours. The solid that accumulates is filtered off, rewashed with ethanol, taken up in 200 ml of water, and a pH
of 8.0 is set with 1 M lithium hydroxide solution. After concentration by evaporation in a vacuum, it is recrystallized from ethanol.
Yield: 19.4 g (53% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 24.71 H 3.04 N 13.45 I 52.22 Fnd.: C 24.91 H 3.09 N 13.36 I 51.97 b) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(2,5-diaza-1,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl- f 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )-aminoisophthalic acid-N,N-bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] ~ amide 44.6 g (70.6 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbony1~10-(carboxymethyl~
1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane, 21 ml (164 mmol) of triethylamine, 14.6 g ( 70.5 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 8.1 g (70.5 mmol) of .N-hydroxysuccinimide are added to a suspension of 17.1 g (23.5 mmol) of 5-[3-(2-aminoethyl)-ureido]-N,N bis-(2-aminoethyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid amide in 446 ml DMF, and it is stirred for 20 hours at room temperature. Insoluble components are filtered out, and it is evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 500 ml each of water. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 32.7 g (54% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 54.61 H 5.33 N 10.24 I 14.80 Fnd.: C 54.81 H 5.35 N 10.13 I 14.72 c) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(2,5-diaza-1,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl-{10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )-aminoisophthalic acid-N,N-bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1, 5-diyl-{ 10-[ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } amide 25.7 g (10 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(2,5-diaza-1,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl-{10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] }
~aminoisophthalic acid-N,N-bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})-amide is carefully mixed at 0-5°C
[with] 140 ml of HBr/AcOH (33%) and stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. Then, the reaction mixture is poured into 800 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off and rewashed several times with diethyl ether. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and 100 ml of dichloromethane while being stirred vigorously, and 32%
NaOH solution is added until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 50 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 12.8 g (94% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 39.57 H 6.05 N 19.48 I 27.87 Fnd.: C 39.71 H 5.99 N 19.56 I 27.61 d) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(2,5-diaza-1,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})-aminoisophthalic acid-N,N
bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )-amide 18.4 g (13.5 mmol) oft,4,6-triiodo-5-(2,5-diaza-1,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl-{10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})-aminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})-amide is dissolved in 75 ml of water, 19.5 g (206.5 mmol) of chloroacetic acid is added, and a pH of 9.5 is set at 60°C with 32% NaOH. It is heated for 10 hours to 70°C, whereby the pH of the reaction mixture is readjusted continuously to 9.5. After cooling to room temperature, a pH of 1 is set with concentrated HCI, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum. The residue is absorptively precipitated with 250 ml of methanol, insoluble components are filtered out, and the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation.
The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and added to an ion-exchange column (600 ml, IR 120, H+-form). Then, it is washed with 2 1 of water, and the acidic eluate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 70 ml of methanol and added in drops in 900 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, rewashed several times with diethyl ether, and it is dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 14.3 g (56% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.07 H 5.34 N 14.09 I 20.16 Fnd.: C 40.24 H 5.31 N 13.99 I 19.98 e) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(2,5-diaza-1,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})-aminoiso-phthalic acid-N,N-bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})-amide 13.0 g (6.9 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(2,5-diaza-1,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})-aminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododecanyl]}amide is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia:
10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then, it is absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 7.1 g (41 % of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.3%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.19 H 3.90 N 11.32 I 16.19 Gd 20.07 Fnd.: C 32.34 H 3.91 N 11.28 I 16.07 Gd 19.96 Pharmacological Examples CT Studies with Example 1B
By way of example, the suitability of the described compound class was examined in Example 1 B with the aid of computer tomography (CT) of rats. For the CT
studies, a Siemens Somatom CR was available. The 5-second image was prepared with a layer thickness of 2 mm and a tube voltage of 125 kV. Substance 1B was formulated as an aqueous solution at a concentration of 0.17 mol/1 (corresponds to 145 mg ( 1 +Gd)/ml.
Male Wistar rats (400 g of body weight) were scanned before (Fig. la) and after intravenous injection (Fig. 1 ) of 1 B in a dose of 0.15 mmol/kg (corresponds to 127 mg of (I+Gd)/kg).
Fig. 1 a (Baseline) b (15 sec p.i.) Despite the small size of the animal being examined, a very clear contrasting of the blood-conveying vessels (A) and the renal cortex (N) could itself be observed with the low dose of 127 mg of (I+Gd). This early phase reflects the blood perfusion of the renal cortex. As early as 15 minutes later in the parenchyma phase, the renal pelvis was contrasted, which can be attributed to a quick renal excretion of the substance (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2 CT Image of a Rat 15 Minutes after LV. Injection of IB
MRT Studies with Example 1B
The same substance (IB) was examined with the aid of magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) as a contrast medium.
The MRT studies were performed on a 1.5 T device (Siemens Symphonie with 40 mT/m gradients). 400 g Wistar rats were examined with T1-weighted image sequences (angiography TR 2.54 ms, TE 1.12 ms and a = 40° or organ visualization TR 54 ms, TE 4.8 ms and a = 40°). The angiography (MRA, Fig. 3) was from 0-60 seconds p.i., and the organ visualization (Figs. 4a and b) was prepared 15 minutes after the injection. Substance 1B was formulated as an aqueous solution at a concentration of 0.17 mol/1 (corresponds to 0.5 mol of Gd/1) and was intravenously injected in a dose of 0.03 mmol of substance or 0.1 mmol of Gd/kg.
Fig. 3 MRA 7.5 Seconds After LV. Injection of IB in Rats The MRA has an excellent ability to visualize the large arteries (aorta, femoral artery) as well as the heart.
Fig. 4 a (Baseline) b (15 min p.i.) In the whole-body image (Fig. 4b), a clear contrasting of liver (L) as well as kidneys (renal pelvis=N) can be detected. The ureter (U) could also be visualized, which also emphasized the quick renal elimination of the substance.
This combined CT and MR study demonstrates the dual uses of this new compound class. Excellent contrast enhancement was demonstrated in CT and in MR.
The clinical use of these compounds is conceivable, for example, in a high-resolution MuItiSlice CT (visualization of the coronary vessels). After that, a delayed MRT is performed to evaluate the vitality of the myocardium. To this end, a second injection of a contrast medium is not necessary.
Phantom Studies with Example 3F in Comparison to Gadovist and Iopromide The relative X-ray attenuation of Example 3F was determined at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mol/1 of substance, equivalent to 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 mol/1 of opacifying elements (Gd+iodine), compared to equimolar concentrations of iopromide and gadobutrol. To this end, a phantom was used, in which dilutions of the starting formulations (Example 3F - 0.27M, Ultravist~ 300 mg of I/ml equivalent to 0.788 mol/1 of iopromide and gadobutrol 1 mol/1) in distilled water were pipetted into well-plates (Oster 3524). A milliliter of each dilution was pipetted in each case into a well-plate, which corresponded to a height of 0.5 cm. The finish-pipetted well-plate was positioned on the horizontal patient table of the C-arm x-ray device (stenoscope D6, General Electric) in the beam path, and above it, a plastic container with a 17-cm water column was set on the well-plate to simulate soft-tissue absorption and radiation-hardening of the x-ray radiation as under in-vivo conditions.
The x-ray images were recorded in the "high pulse" modality with the DSM x-ray device stenoscope D6 (General Electric) with a cesium filter/iodine intensifier of 16 cm and a 2 mm aluminum filter with various voltages of the x-ray anode.
All images were recorded after manual selection of the anode voltage of x-ray tubes and variation of mA to optimize the image contrast in the respective anode voltage.
The images of stenoscope D6 were then transferred into an image-analyzing device (Quantimet 500+, Leica) and visualized on a scale of 256 gray-scale values. For quantitative gray-scale determination, a circular ROI (region of interest) for each well was analyzed, and the background was subtracted in the respective anode voltage.
The measured gray values of Example 3F, iopromide and gadobutrol, were applied against the respective concentration and a linear regional analysis was performed. The increase in compensating lines was calculated in this case, and the ratio of straight lines between the various contrast media was determined.
Representative x-ray images of the above-described phantom are visualized in Figure 5.
Gadobutrol OOO-O
~,~ Beispiel 3F
'''~' lopromide O O
0.05M O.tM 0.2M O.dM
.s.C , . ~.f' .s < .. . , ~~'.' .,'~.. 1,'i'. ~,~'~, ~ °
60 kV
110 kV
Figure 5: Comparison of X-ray Absorption of Example 3F, Gadobutrol and Iopromide X-ray images of the phantom at 60 and 1 I 0 kV anode voltage are recorded with the C-arm device stenoscope D6 (General Electric).
[Key to Fig. S:J
Beispiel 3F = Example 3F
The ratio between the concentrations of Example 3F, iopromide and gadobutrol was linear in all cases. The evaluation showed a significantly higher x-ray absorption of Example 3F than iopromide and gadobutrol at equimolar concentrations (Figure 5).
ca L
°' 2 _o ~ Beispiel 3F/lopromide ~ Beispiel 3F/Gadobutrol Gadobutrol/lopromid Figure 6: Relative X-ray Absorption of Example 3F in Comparison to Gadobutrol and Iopromide at Various Anode Voltages of X-Ray Tubes (Stenoscope D6, General Electric).
[Key to Fig. 6:]
Beispiel = Example Ipromid = Iopromide In the evaluation of x-ray images, Example 3F showed a 3.08 x-higher x-ray absorption than iopromide and a 3.77x-higher x-ray absorption than gadobutrol with 110 kV and equimolar concentrations. Still higher differences in the x-ray absorption of Example 3F can be expected for higher anode voltages, as they are used in modern x-ray CT-processes (helicoidal and mufti-line CT). Radiation hardening that occurs in 60 kV 65 kV 76 kV 80 kV 90 kV 110 kV
kV
addition under in-vivo conditions promotes additional elements, such as, e.g., Gd, Dy, Yb or Bi.
The phantom studies confirm that Example 3F has an excellent x-ray absorption and is suitable for use in modern DSA and CT, especially mufti-line CT.
Distribution Coefficient The distribution coefficient of Example 3F was determined in comparison to Gadovist, iopromide and iotrolan in 1-butanol and tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.6.
The contrast media were dissolved in the buffer at a final concentration of 0.1 mmol of Gd/l, and the iodine-containing contrast media were used with a starting concentration of 1 mg of I/ml.
Table 1: Distribution Coefficient of Example 3F in Comparison to Commercially Available MR- and X-Ray Contrast Media Distribution Coefficient of Substance ButanoUWater Example 3F 0.0002 0.0001 Gadobutrol 0.006 0.0007 Iopromide 0.051 0.003 Iotrolan 0.0065 ~ 0.002 The data in Table 1 confirm that Example 3F is a very hydrophilic substance with a low distribution coefficient of butanol/water and has even better values than the very well-tolerated MR-contrast medium Gadovist. In comparison to this, the commercially available iodine-containing compound iopromide has a much lower hydrophilia with up to a 255x-higher distribution coefficient of butanol/water (0.051 vs. 0.0002).
IC-50/LD-50 Correlation To determine the IC-50, the neutral red test was used in epithelial cells of the distal renal tubule. In addition, this test is very helpful fox predicting with high accuracy the LD-50 values of newly synthesized compounds.
Epithelial cell line MDCK of the renal distal renal tubule of a canine kidney (ECACC No. 85011435) was incubated from 10,000 cells/well in Alpha MEM Eagle (10% fetal bovine serum) at 37°C and 5% COZ, 95% atmospheric humidity for 20 hours with various Examples 1B, 3F and 5F. Neutral red was used as an indicator for cell viability and for measuring lysosomal integrity and employed to determine those contrast medium concentrations in which a 50% reduction of cell viability (IC-50) occurred after 24 hours.
Four independent replicates were tested for each concentration of contrast medium. The results are summarized in Table 2. Compared to the reference compound for MR contrast media, Gadovist showed a strong increase in compatibility. The latter is a reference compound in clinical practice and a contrast medium with proven excellent compatibility. The highest compatibility was found for Example 3F with 1170 ~mol of I
eq/ml.
Table 2: Comparison of IC;o Values of Different Examples According to the Invention with Gadobutrol as well as the LD;o Value to be Expected in Mice.
"Expected" LDso of ICgo Substance Mice (r2: 0.93) p,mol of I eq/ml mmol of I eq/kg Gadovist 153 32 Example 1B 930 165 Example 3F 1170 195 Example 5G 788 143
DIS-IP
Unscannable items received with this application (Request original documents in File Prep. Section on the 10th Floor) Documents recus avec cette demande ne pouvant titre balayes (Commander les documents originaux daps la section de preparation des dossiers au 1 ~ieme etage) Trimeric, Macrocyclically-Substituted Benzene Derivatives The invention relates to the subjects that are characterized in the claims:
new trimeric macrocyclically-substituted triiodine and tribromobenzene derivatives, their production and use as contrast media in x-ray diagnosis and MRT diagnosis.
During the last decade, impressive advances were achieved in imaging diagnosis.
The imaging techniques, such as DAS, CT and MRT, have developed into standard and indispensable tools in diagnosis and interventional radiology and now offer a spatial resolution of less than 1 mm. In addition, the possible applications of these techniques are increased decisively by the use of contrast media. This now wide distribution and acceptance of the contrast media in x-ray diagnosis can be attributed to the introduction of non-ionic monomeric triiodoaromatic compounds in the 1980's, as well as the isoosmolar dimeric iodoaromatic compounds that were introduced in the 1990's.
By these two compound classes, the frequency of contrast medium-induced side effects was reduced to 2-4% (Bush, W. H., Swanson, D. P.: Acute Reactions to Intravascular Contrast Media: Types, Risk Factors, Recognition and Specific Treatment. AJR
157, 113-1161, 1991. Rydberg, J., Charles, J., Aspelin, P.: Frequency of Late Allergy=Like Adverse Reactions Following Injection of Intravascular Non-ionic Contrast Media. Acta Radiologica 39, 219-222, 1998). The use of contrast media in connection with modern imaging techniques now extends from the detection of tumors, for high-resolution vascular visualization, to the quantitative determination of physiological factors such as permeability or perfusion of organs. The concentration of the x-ray contrast medium (here the iodine atom) is decisive for the contrast and the detection sensitivity. Despite further development of the technology, it was not possible to reduce the concentration or the dose to be administered that is necessary for a medical diagnosis. Thus, in a standard CT study, 100 g of substance or more is injected per patient.
Although the compatibility of the x-ray contrast media has been improved by the introduction of non-ionic triiodobenzenes, the number of side effects is still always high.
Because of very high study numbers of several million per year in x-ray diagnosis, ten thousand patients are thus affected. These contrast medium-induced side effects extend from slight reactions such as nausea, dizziness, vomiting, and hives up to severe reactions such as bronchiospasms, or renal failure up to reactions such as shock or even death. Fortunately, these severe cases are very rare and are observed at a frequency of only 1/200,000 (Morcos, S. K., Thomsen, H. S.: Adverse Reactions to Iodinated Contrast Media. Eur Radiol 1 l, 1267-1275, 2001).
The frequency of these side effects, which are also observed as pseudoallergic contrast medium-induced side effects, is, however, increased by about a factor of 3 in atopic patients and by a factor of 5 in patients with a previous history of contrast medium-induced side effects. Asthma increases the risk of severe contrast medium-induced side effects by a factor of 6 in non-ionic contrast media (Thomsen, H.
S., Morcos, S. K.: Radiographic Contrast Nledia. BJU 86 (Suppll), 1-10, 2000.
Thomsen, H. S., Dorph, S.: High-Osmolar and Low-Osmolar Contrast Media. An Update on Frequency of Adverse Drug Reactions. Acta Radiol 34 205-209, 1993. Katayama, H., Yamaguchi, K., Kozuka, T., Takashima, T., Seez, P., Matsuura, K.: Adverse Reactions to Ionic and Non-ionic Contrast Media. Radiology 175, 621-628, 1990. Thomsen, H. S., Bush, Jr., W. H.: Adverse Effects on Contrast Media. Incidence. Prevention and Management. Drug Safety 19: 313-324, 1998). In these situations for x-ray diagnosis, the examiners in recent years most frequently use non-iodine-containing Gd-chelates instead of the standard triiodoaromatic compounds in computer topography but also in interventional radiology as well as DSA (Gierada, D. S., Bae, K. T.:
Gadolinium as CT
Contrast Agent: Assessment in a Porcine Model. Radiology 210, 829-834, 1999.
Spinosa, D. J., Matsumoto, A. H., Hagspiel, K. D., Angle, J. F., Hartwell, G.
D.:
Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents in Angiography and Interventional Radiology.
AJR
173; 1403-1409, 1999. Spinosa, D. J., Kaufmann, J. A., Hartwell, G. D. :
Gadolinium Chelates in Angiography and Interventional Radiology: A Useful Alternative to Iodinated Contrast Media for Angiography. Radiology 223, 319-325, 2002). This is, on the one hand, substantiated by the very good compatibility of the metal chelates that are used in MRT, but also by the known fact that lanthanides are also x-ray-opaque. In comparison to iodine, gadolinium and other lanthanides show a greater absorption than iodine especially at higher voltages/energies of the x-ray radiation, such that, in principle, they are suitable as opacifying elements for x-ray diagnosis (Sclunitz, S., Wagner, S., Schuhmann-Giampieri, G., Wolf, K. J.: Evaluation of Gadobutrol in a Rabbit Model as a New Lanthanide Contrast Agent for Computer Tomography.
Invest.
Radiol. 30 11 : 644-649, 1995).
The above-mentioned Gd-containing chelate compounds originally used in the MRT are also readily water-soluble and are distinguished by an excellent compatibility.
Compared to the iodine-containing/non-ionic contrast media, the rate of light pseudoallergenic reactions is greatly reduced, the rate of fatal reactions is extremely rare and is indicated with 1/1,000,000 (Runge, V. M.: Safety of Approved MR
Contrast Media for Intravenous Injection. J. Magn Reson Imaging 12, 205-213. 2000). In contrast to other contrast medium-induced side effects, such as, e.g., the renal compatibility, pseudoallergic reactions are more likely independent of the administered dose.
Also, the smallest dosages can accordingly already trigger a pseudoallergic reaction.
Desired are substances that combine the advantages of the two chemically entirely different classes of compounds.
The extraordinarily high hydrophilic of the metal chelates suggests a low incompatibility rate. Iodoaromatic compounds have a higher lipophilia by a factor of 100-200 (larger distribution coefficient between butanol/water) than metal chelates.
Based on the low substance concentration and the low specific proportion of the imaging metal in the entire molecule, the previously known metal chelates for x-ray diagnosis are not optimal (Albrecht, T., Dawson, P.: Gadolinium-DTPA as X-Ray Contrast Medium in Clinical Studies. BJR 73, 878-882, 2000). More recent attempts to solve this problem describe the production of metal complex conjugates, in which triiodoaromatic compounds are covalently bonded to an open-chain or macrocyclic metal complex (US 5,324,503, US 5,403,576, WO 93/16375, WO 00/75141, WO 97/0139, WO 00/71526, US 5,660,814). Because of their low hydrophilic and high viscosity, the latter cannot be administered in adequate concentration and reasonable volumes, however.
The purpose is to produce compounds that have an adequate hydrophilic -comparable to that of Gd-chelates -- and in addition exhibit a high concentration of opacifying elements. Values that are significantly higher than those in metal chelates, which are approximately 25% (g/g), were desirable. In addition, at a higher concentration, a very good water solubility must be provided. In addition to their good J
pharmacological properties, the highly concentrated solutions must also indicate a practical viscosity and a low osmotic pressure.
This object is achieved by this invention. The metal complexes of general formula I according to the invention Hal A' ~ A' Hal ~ -Hal Az I
in which Hal stands for bromine or iodine, A~ stands for the radicals --CONR'-(CHZ)~-NR2-(CO-CHZ'-NH)m CO-CHZz-K, -CONR'-(CHZ)P (CONRZGHZ)m-CHOH-CHz-K, -CHzO-(CHz)P-CHOH-CHZ-K, -CHZ-O-(CH2)~-NR'-(CO-CHZ'-NH)m-CO-CHZz-K , -CHZ-NR'-CO-(CHZ'-NH-CO)m-CHZZ-K , A' has the same meaning as Al or in the case that A1 has the meaning first mentioned above can also stand for the radical -NRl-CO-(NR1)m-(CH~)p-NR2-(CO-CHZI-iVTH)m-CO-CHZ'-K, in which R' and R2, independently of one another, mean a hydrogen atom, a C1-C~-alkyl group or a monohydroxy-Cl-C~-alkyl group, Z I and Z'', independently of one another, mean a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, n means the numbers 2-4.
m means the numbers 0 or l and p means the numbers 1-4.
K stands for a macrocyclic compound of formula h, COOX
'N
,..-N N--1 coox N
COOx OA~
with X in the meaning of a hydrogen atom or a metal ion equivalent of atomic numbers 20-29, 39, 42, 44 or 57-83, provided that at least two X stand for metal ion equivalents and optionally present free carboxy groups optionally are present as salts of organic and/or inorganic bases or amino acids or amino acid amides, show a very good solubility and a distribution coefficient that is comparable to that of Gd-chelates. In addition, the new compounds have a high specific content of opacifying elements, a low viscosity and osmolality and thus good tolerance/compatibility, so that they are extremely well suited as contrast media for x-ray and MR imaging.
Hal preferably stands for iodine, Rl and RZ stand for hydrogen and the methy 1 group, n stands for the number 2, and p stands for the number 1.
By way of example, radicals Al are mentioned:
-CONH(CHZ)~;;NHCOCH2NHCOCH(CH3)-, -CONH(CHZ)~;;NHCOCHZNHCOCH~-, -CONH(CH~)2;3NHCOCH2-, -CONH(CH~)2,3NHCOCH(CH3)-, -CONHCHzCH(OH)CHZ-, -CON(CH3)CH2CH(OH)CH2-, - CHZOCHZCH(OH)CHZ-, -CONHCHZCONHCHZCH(OH)CHZ-, -CHZNHCOCHZ-, -CHZNHCOCH(CH;)-, -CH~NHCOCHZNHCOCHZ-, -CHZNHCOCHZNHCOCH(CH3)-, -CH~O(CHZ)ZNHCOCH?-, -CON(CH?CHZOH(CH~)ZNHCOCH2-, -CHZO(CH2)ZN(CHZCH~OH)COCH~-.
By way of example, radicals AZ are mentioned:
-NHCOCHZNHCOCH~NHCOCH(CH3)-, NHCOCH?NHCOCHZNHCOCH~-, -NHCOCH2NHCOCH2-, -NHCOCH2NHCOCH(CH3)-, -N(CH;)COCH2NHCOCH~-, -NHCONH(CHZ)2NHCONH~-, -NHCOCH~N(CHZCHZOH)COCHZ-, -N(CH3)COCHZN(CHzCH20H)COCHz-.
The compounds of general formula I according to the invention can be produced according to the process that is known by one skilled in the art, by, for example, a) a triiodo- or tribromoaromatic compound of general formula II
Y'-NHR' Hal Hal R'NH-Y' ~ ~YZ-NHR~
(II) Hal being reacted in a way that is known in the art with a macrocyclic compound of general W
N
OxC_B~ N N-W
NJ
(III) W
formula III
in which C"O stands for a -COOH- or activated carboxyl group, W stands for a protective group or a -CHZCOOX' group with X' in the meaning of X or a protective group and-Y'-NR'-CO-B'- stands for the radical A' in the meaning of-CO-NR~-(CHz)~-NRZ-(CO-CHZ~-NH)m-CO-CHZz- or-CHz-O-(CHZ)"-NR'-(CO-CHZ~-NH)m-CO-CHZZ- and Yz-NR'-CO-B' for Y'-NR'-CO-B' or for the case that Y'-NR'-CO-B' has the meaning first mentioned above, the latter also stands for-NR'-CO-(NR')",(CHZ)p-NRZ-(CO-CHZ'-NH)m-CO-CHZz-, whereby B' means the radical on the first or second (viewed from K) carbonyl group between -CO- and K, and Y' or YZ
stands for the deficient radical of the linker group that is reduced by one imino group, and then optionally protective group W being removed and the radical CHZCOOX
being introduced in a way that is known in the art or the protective group that optionally stands for X' being removed and then reacted in a way that is known in the art with a metal oxide or metal salt of an element of atomic numbers 20-29, 39, 42, 44 or 57-83 or b) a triiodo- or tribromoaromatic compound of general formula N
C"O
Hal Hal Cxo ~ ~ CxO
Hal (IV) being reacted in a way that is known in the art with a macrocyclic compound of general COOX' ~N~
coon R~NH-Y3 N N ~
NJ
coon (~) formula V
in which -C"O and X' have the above-mentioned meaning, and -CO-NR1-Y3 stands for radical A1 in the meaning of-CONRj-(CHZ)P-(CONRZCHZ)m-CH(OH)CH~- and thus Y' is in the meaning of -NRl-(CH~)p-(CONRZCHZ),r,-CH(OH)CH2-, and then the protective group that optionally stands for X' being removed and then being reacted in a way that is known in the art with a metal oxide or metal salt of an element of atomic numbers 20-29, 39, 42, 44 or 57-83 or c) a triiodo- or tribromoaromatic compound of general formula VI
A' Hal Hal A' ~ ~A' Hal ( VI) in which O
i\
A~ fur einen Rest -CHz-O-(CH2)P CH-CHz- steht, [A I stands for a radical . . . ]
being reacted in a way that is known in the art with a cyclene of general formula VII
W.
~N
H N N-W, N
(VII) W
in which W' stands for a hydrogen atom or a protective group, (after the optionally present protective groups have been removed and then radical -CHZCOOX
has been introduced in a way that is known in the art) to form a metal complex of general formula I with A in the meaning of radical -CH2-O-(CH2)P-CHOH-CH2- or d) a triiodo- or tribromoaromatic compound of general formula VIII
HZ-N ucleofug Hal Nucleofug-CHZ ~ -CH2-Nucleofug (VIII) Hai [Nucleofug = nucleofuge]
in which nucleofuge stands for a nucleofuge group, being reacted in a way that is known in the art with a macrocyclic compound of general W
~N
R~HN-CO-B2 N N
N
(Ix) w formula IX
in which R1 and W have the above-mentioned meanings, and B'' stands for the radical -(CHZI-NHCO)m-CHZ2- and then being further processed as indicated under a), such that metal complexes of general formula I are obtained with Ai in the meaning of radical -CHI-NR1-CO-(CHZI-NHCO)m-CHZ', whereby then optionally in the metal complexes, obtained according to a)-d), of general formula I, still present acid hydrogen atoms are substituted by canons of inorganic or organic bases, amino acids or amino acid amides.
As amino protective groups W, the benzyloxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, trifluoroacetyl, fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl, benzyl, formyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, phthaloyl, 1,2-oxazoline, tosyl, dithiasuccinoyl, allyloxycarbonyl, sulfate, pent 4-enecarbonyl, 2-chloroacetoxymethyl (or ethyl) benzoyl, tetrachlorophthaloyl, and alkyloxycarbonyl groups that are familiar to one skilled in the art can be mentioned [Th. W. Greene, P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Syntheses, 2nd Ed., John Wiley and Sons (1991), pp. 309 - 385; E. Meinjohanns et al, J.
Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans 1, 1995, 405; U. Ellensik et al, Carbohydrate Research 280, 1996, 251; R. Madsen et al, J. Org. Chem. 60, 1995, 7920; R. R. Schmidt, Tetrahedron Letters 1995, 5343].
The cleavage of the protective groups is carried out according to the process that is known to one skilled in the art (see, e.g., Wunsch, Methoden der Org.
Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Houben-Weyl, Vol. XV/1, 4'h Edition 1974, p.
315), for example by hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis, alkaline saponitication of esters with alkali in aqueous-alcoholic solution at temperatures from 0°C to 50°C, acidic saponification with mineral acids, or in the case of Boc groups with the aid of trifluoroacetic acid.
Activated carboxyl groups are defined above as those carboxyl groups that are derivatized, such that they facilitate the reaction with an amine. Which groups can be used for activation is known, and reference can be made to, for example, M.
and A.
Bodanszky, "The Practice of Peptide Synthesis," Springerverlag 1984. Examples are aducts of carboxylic acid with carbodiimides or activated esters, such as, e.g., hydroxy benzotriazole ester, acid chloride, N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, -C02 ~ ~ NOz, -COZ ~ ~ F ~-CO2 N , and -COZ N~ ~N
N
[and]
4-Nitrophenyl ester and N-hydroxysuccinimide ester are preferred.
The activated esters of the above-described compounds are produced as known to one skilled in the art. Also, the reaction with correspondingly derivatized esters of N-hydroxysuccinimide, such as, for example:
O
/~ ~O
Hal~ ~N
''O
O
is possible (Hal = halogen).
In general, all commonly used activation methods for carboxylic acids that are known in the prior art can be used for this purpose. The activation of carboxylic acid is carried out according to commonly used methods. Examples of suitable activating reagents are dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide-hydrochloride (EDC), benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino~
phosphoniumhexafluorophosphate (BOP) and O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (HBTU), preferably DCC. Also, the addition of O-nucleophilic catalysts, such as, e.g., N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) or N-hydroxybenzotriazole, is possible.
Advantageously used as nucleofuges are the radicals:
F, CI, Br, I, -OTs , -OMs , OH , F F
~N
F ' O ~ ~ NOZ . N\ \
N
F F
O
I
O ~ ~ ' O-N
NOZ O
If X~ stands for an acid protective group, lower alkyl, aryl and aralkyl groups, for example the methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, phenyl, benzyl, diphenylmethyl, triphenylmethyl, and bis-(p-nitrophenyl)-methyl group, as well as trialkylsilyl groups, are suitable.
The t-butyl group and the benzyl group are preferred.
The cleavage of the protective groups is carried out according to the process that is known to one skilled in the art (see, e.g., Wunsch, Methoden der Org.
Chemie, Houben-Weyl, Volume XV/l, 4th Edition 1974, p. 315), for example, by hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis, alkaline saponitication of esters in aqueous-alcoholic solution at temperatures of 0°C to 50°C, acidic saponification with mineral acids or in the case of tert-butyl esters with the aid of trifluoroacetic acid (Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2°d Edition, T. W. Greene and P. G. M.Wuts, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 1991).
The introduction of the desired metal ions can be carried out as was disclosed in Patents EP 71564, EP 130934 and DE-OS 34 O1 052. To this end, the metal oxide or a metal salt (for example, a chloride, nitrate, acetate, carbonate or sulfate) of the desired element is dissolved or suspended in water and/or a lower alcohol (such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol) and reacted with the solution or suspension of the equivalent amount of the complexing agent.
The neutralization of optionally still present free carboxy groups is carried out with the aid of inorganic bases (e.g., hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates) of, e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium or calcium and/or organic bases, such as, i.a., primary, secondary and tertiary amines, such as, e.g., ethanolamine, morpholine, glucamine, N-methyl- and N,N-dimethylglucamine, as well as basic amino acids, such as, e.g., lysine, arginine, and ornithine or amides of original neutral or acidic amino acids.
For the production of neutral complex compounds, for example in acidic complex salts in aqueous solution or suspension, enough of the desired base can be added to reach the neutral point. The solution that is obtained can then be evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum. It is frequently advantageous to precipitate the neutral salts that are formed by adding water-miscible solvents, such as, e.g., lower alcohols (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, etc.), lower ketones (acetone, etc.), polar ethers (tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, etc.), and thus to obtain easily isolated and readily purified crystallizates. It has proven especially advantageous to add the desired base as early as during the complexing of the reaction mixture and thus to save a process step.
The purification of the thus obtained complexes is carried out, optionally after the pH is set to 6 to 8, preferably about 7, by adding an acid or base, preferably by ultrafiltration with membranes of a suitable pore size (e.g., Amicon~YMI , Amicon~
YM3), gel filtration on, e.g., suitable Sephadex~ gels or by HPLC on silica gel or reverse-phase material.
A purification can also be carried out by crystallization from solvents such as methanol, ethanol, i-propanol, acetone or their mixtures with water.
In the case of neutral complex compounds, it is frequently advantageous to add the oligomer complexes via an anion exchanger, for example IRA 67 (OH- form), and optionally in addition via a canon exchanger, for example IRC SO (H+ form), to separate ionic components.
The production of the compounds of general formula I according to the invention can be carried out as indicated above:
a) The reaction of triiodo- or tribromoaromatic compounds of general formula II
with compounds of general formula III is carried out according to the process of amide formation that is known to one skilled in the art.
In this connection, either a direct coupling of the free acid of III with the free amine of lI can be performed with dehydrating reagents, such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, diisopropylcarbodiimide, EDC, EEDQ, TBTU, or HATU in aprotic solvents such as DMF, DMA, THF, dioxane, toluene, chloroform or methylene chloride at temperatures of 0° - 50°C, or else the acid group is activated in the compound of general formula III, by its first being converted into an active ester (see page 11 ) and then these esters in a solvent, such as, for example, DMF, DMA, THF, dioxane, dichloromethane, i-ProOH, or toluene, optionally with the addition of an organic or inorganic base, such as NEt3, pyridine, DMAP, Hiinig base, NaZC03, or CaC03, being reacted at temperatures of -10° to +70° C with the amine of general formula II.
In some cases, it has proven advantageous to produce the metal complexes of general formula III directly and to couple their terminal carboxylic acid under the process that is mentioned in WO 98/24775.
The production of the metal complexes is described in WO 98/24774.
The production of compounds of general formula II is carned out in the case when YZ stands for Y' by reactions of compounds of general formula IV
CO
Hal Hal CO ~ ~CO~
(IV) Hal with diamines of general formula A
HNR'-(CHZ)m-NRZH (A) in which Hal, CO*, R', R2, and m are in the above-indicated meaning, according to the methods of amide formation known to one skilled in the art (see above) in an aprotic solvent such as DMF, DMA, THF, dioxane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, dichloromethane or toluene, optionally with the addition of an organic or inorganic base, such as NEt3, pyridine, DMAP, Hiinig base, NazC03, KZC03, or CaC03, at temperatures of 0°C - 100°C.
In many cases, it has proven advantageous to use diamine itself as a solvent. Many times, it may be advantageous to use one of the two terminal amino groups in protected form (e.g., Mono-Boc, Mono-Z) and, after coupling is completed, to cleave this protective group according to the methods known to one skilled in the art (T. W. Greene, see above).
The diamines or mono-protected diamines are known in the literature and can be purchased (e.g., Aldrich, Fluka). The acid chloride of the compound of general formula IV is preferably used.
The production of the compound COCI
I I
CIOC ~ ~COCI
I
is described in DE 3001292.
The production of the corresponding tri-bromine compound is carried out analogously from tribromoaminoisophthalic acid by Sandmeyer reaction (introduction of CN and subsequent saponification) as described in EP 0073715.
In the case that YZ is not equal to Y', the following procedure has proven worthwhile:
The compounds of general formula B
CO~
Hal Hal * OC NHz Hal (B) in which CO* and Hal are in the above-mentioned meaning, are first reacted with compounds of general formula C
CO*-(CHZ1)-NH-Sg (C) in which CO* and Z1 have the above-mentioned meaning, and Sg stands for an amino protective group.
The reaction is carried out according to the methods of amide formation that are already indicated above (Neher et al, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1946, 1815.) Then, as already described above, it is reacted with compounds of general formula A and then optionally present amino protective groups are cleaved (see T. W. Greene).
It has proven advantageous to use the acid chlorides of general formula C.
If Sg represents a trifluoroacetyl protective group, the latter is cleaved directly in a single-pot process with excess diamine of general formula A.
Compounds of general formula C can be obtained according to methods that are known in the literature.
For the production of urea derivatives, compounds of general formula B
are first reacted with isocyanates of general formula D
R' O=C=N-(CH2)m-N-Sg (~) and then further reacted as described above with the diamines of the general formula.
The reaction of the isocyanates is carried out in aprotic solvents as described above for amide formation. The reaction temperature is 0°C to 100°C.
Isocyanates (D) are produced as described in, e.g., Guichard et al., J. Org.
Chem., 1999, 8702.
Compounds of general formula B are described in DE 3001292.
b) The reaction of compounds of general formula IV with compounds of general formula V is carried out according to the methods of amide formation that are known to one skilled in the art, as were already previously described in detail under a).
Also here, the acid chloride of compounds IV is preferably used.
Compounds of general formula V are obtained from compounds of COOX' ~N
Coox' HN N W
N
COOX' CE) general formula E
in which X' is in the above-mentioned meaning, by reaction with primary epoxides of general formula F
O
R' N'-(CH2)P (CONRZ)m-CH-CHZ (F) I
Sg in which R1, Sg, p, m, and R'' are in the above-mentioned meanings. The reaction is carried out in protic or aprotic solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, butanol, propanol, DMF; toluene, CHC1;, or DMA (optionally in each case with the addition of water) at temperatures of 0°C to 15°C. In some cases, the addition of a Lewis acid, such as LiCI, Liar, LiJ, LiCIOa or Y(triflate)3, has proven worthwhile.
Compounds of general formula F are accessible according to methods that are known in the literature (Krawiecka et al., J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. l, 2001, 1086) or can be purchased.
Compounds of general formula E are so-called D03A derivatives and are described in the literature (Chatal et al., Tetrahedron Lett., 1996, 7~ 15).
c) The reaction of epoxides of general formula VI with compounds of general formua VII is carried out according to the methods of the reaction of epoxides with amines that are described under b).
In some cases, it has proven advantageous to use the method described in EP 045511 with use of the compound Action can also be taken, however, according to EP 064370, or the lithium process that is described under WO 98/55467 can be used.
The production of compounds VII in the case of the W'-protective group, see b), is known in the literature.
The TriBoc-cyclene compound is described in Kimura et al., J. Am.
Chem. Soc., 1997, 3068, and the tri Z-cyclene compound is described in Delaney et al., J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans., 1991, 3329.
Compounds of general formula VI are accessible by reaction of triols of general formula G
Hal HO
Hal~ ~ ~Hal ~ 1 G
with epoxides of general formula H
O
Z -(CHZ)P-CH CHZ (H) with p in the above-mentioned meaning and in which Z stands for Cl, Br, I, or OTS.
The reaction is carried out according to methods of glycide ether formation (p=1) or etherification that are known in the literature, Mouzin et al., Synthesis, 1983, 117.
Compounds of general formula H are known in the literature, e.g., Sharpless et al., J. Org. Chem., and DE 93433 or can be purchased (e.g., epichlorohydrin, Fluka, Aldrich).
Compounds of general formula G in the case of Hal=iodine are described in US 6,310,243. The production of the bromine compound is carried out analogously.
d) The reaction is carried out such that first the amide of the compounds of general formula IX is deprotonated according to the method that is known to one skilled in the art, e.g., with NaH in DMF, THF, DMA, dioxane, toluene (temperatures of 0°C - 100°C) or BuLi, LDA, Li-HMDS, Na-HMDS in THF, MTB at temperatures of-70° to 0°C and then reacted with compounds of general formula VIII (preferred temperatures of-70 to 70°C).
Compounds of general formula VIII are obtained from compounds of general formula G
Hal HO
Hal' ~ ~Hal OH
according to the methods that are known to one skilled in the art for converting a primary OH group into a halide or tosylate, triflate, etc.
Compounds of general formula IX are obtained from compounds of general formula IXa W
'N
*CO -g2 N N -W
N
IX a W
by amide formation with amines of formula RINH~ (amides of the formula are commercially available or known in the literature) according to the methods of amide coupling already mentioned under a). , Compounds of general formula IXa are described in, e.g., WO 97/02051, WO 99/16757 or can be produced simply from tri-Boc cyclene or tri-Z-cyclene according to methods that are known in the literature.
The compounds according to the invention can be used both in x-ray diagnosis and in MR diagnosis.
The high x-ray opacity paired with the good water-solubility of the iodized x-ray contrast media is combined with the intense hydrophilia of metal chelates and good compatibility in a molecule that is inherent in them.
The very high hydrophilia of the new compounds results in that the side-effect profile corresponds to that of the very well-tolerated Gd compounds, as they are used in MR
imaging. This property therefore makes it especially suitable for use in patients with a proven allergy to iodized compounds or in the case of existing atopy. In particular, the incidence of severe side effects such as bronchiospasms and shock or even death is reduced to the low level of the MR contrast medium.
The low osmolality of the formulations is an indication of a generally very good compatibility of the new compounds. They are therefore especially suitable for intravascular (parenteral) uses.
Depending on the pharmaceutical formulation, the contrast media can be used exclusively for x-ray diagnosis (triiodine complexes with diamagnetic metals), but also simultaneously for x-ray diagnosis and MRT diagnosis (triiodine complexes with paramagnetic atoms, preferably Gd). The compounds can very advantageously be used in, e.g., urography, computer tomography, angiography, gastrography, mammography, cardiology and neuroradiology. Even in the case of radiation therapy, the complexes that are used are advantageous. The compounds are suitable for all perfusion measurements.
A differentiation of areas that are well supplied with blood and ischemic areas is possible after intravascular injection. Quite generally, these compounds can be used in all indications where conventional contrast media are used in x-ray diagnosis or MR
diagnosis.
The new contrast media can also be used for the magnetization-transfer technique (see, e.g., Journ. Chem. Phys. 39(11), 2892 (1963), as well as WO 03/013616), if they contain mobile protons in their chemical structure. This is the case, for example, in the hydroxyl group-containing compounds, as they are described in Example 5 (page 41), Example 6 (page 44), Example 7 (page 47) and Example 8 (page 50). This application document thus also comprises contrast media that are suitable in principle for this special MRI technique.
The contrasting of cerebral infarctions and tumors of the liver or space-occupying processes in the liver as well as of tumors of the abdomen (including the kidneys) and the muscle-skeleton system is especially valuable diagnostically. Based on the low osmotic pressure, the blood vessels can be visualized especially advantageously after intraarterial or else intravenous injection.
If the compound according to the invention is intended for use in MR
diagnosis, the metal ion of the signaling group must be paramagnetic. These are in particular the divalent and trivalent ions of the elements of atomic numbers 21-29, 42, 44 and ~8-70.
Suitable ions are, for example, the chromium(III), iron(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), praseodymium(III), ne~dymium(III), samarium(III) and ytterbium(III) ion.
Because of their strong magnetic moment, gadolinium(III), terbium(III), dysprosium(III), holmium(III), erbium(III), iron(III) and manganese(II) ions are preferred;
gadolinium(III) and manganese(II) ions are especially preferred.
If the compound according to the invention is intended for use in x-ray diagnosis, the metal ion is preferably derived from an element of a higher atomic number to achieve an adequate absorption of the x-rays. It was found that for this purpose, diagnostic agents that contain a physiologically compatible complex salt with metal ions of elements of atomic numbers 25, 26 and 39 as well as 57-83 are suitable.
Preferred are manganese(II), iron(II), iron(III), praseaiymium(III), neodymium(III), samarium(III), gadolinium(III), ytterbium(III) or bismuth(III) ions, especially dysprosium(III) ions and yttrium(III) ions.
The production of the pharmaceutical agents according to the invention is carried out in a way that is known in the art by the complex compounds according to the invention - optionally with the addition of the additives that are commonly used in galenicals - being suspended or dissolved in aqueous medium and then the suspension or solution optionally being sterilized. Suitable additives are, for example, physiologically harmless buffers (such as, for example, tromethamine), additives of complexing agents or weak complexes (such as, for example, diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid or the Ca complexes that correspond to the metal complexes according to the invention) or - if necessary - electrolytes such as, for example, sodium chloride, or - if necessary - antioxidants, such as, for example, ascorbic acid.
If suspensions or solutions of the agents according to the invention in water or physiological salt solution are desired for enteral or parenteral administration or other purposes, they are mixed with one or more adjuvant(s) that are commonly used in galenicals [for example, methyl cellulose, lactose, mannitol] and/or surfactants) [for example, lecithins, Tween°, Myrj~] and/or flavoring substances) for taste correction [for example, ethereal oils].
In principle, it is also possible to produce the pharmaceutical agents according to the invention without isolating the complexes. In any case. special care must be taken to ?s perform the chelation so that the complexes according to the invention are virtually free of noncomplexed metal ions that have a toxic effect.
This can be ensured, for example, with the aid of color indicators such as xylenol orange by control titrations during the production process. The invention therefore also relates to the process for the production of complex compounds and their salts. As a final precaution, there remains purification of the isolated complex.
In the in-vivo administration of the agents accordin~~ to the invention, the latter can be administered together with a suitable vehicle, such as, for example, serum or physiological common salt solution, and together with another protein, such as, for example, human serum albumin (HSA).
The agents according to the invention are usually administered parenterally, preferably i.v. They can also be administered intraarterially or interstitially/
intracutaneously, depending on whether a vessel/organ is to be visualized selectively contrasted (e.g., visualization of the coronary arteries after intraarterial injection) or tissue or pathologies (e.g., diagnosis of cerebral tumors after intravenous injection).
The pharmaceutical agents according to the invention contain preferably 0.001-1 mol/1 of the above-mentioned compound and are generally dosed in amounts of 0.001-~ mmol/kg.
The agents according to the invention meet the many requirements for suitability as contrast media for magnetic resonance tomography. After oral or parenteral administration by increasing the signal intensity, they are extremely well suited for enhancing the informational value of the image that is obtained with the aid of an MR
tomograph. They also show the high effectiveness that is necessary to load the body with the minimum possible amounts of foreign substances and the good compatibility that is necessary to maintain the non-invasive nature of the studies. The high effectiveness (relaxivity) of the paramagnetic compounds according to the invention is of great advantage for use in magnetic resonance tomography. Thus, the relaxivity (L/mmol-1#sec-1 of gadolinium-containing compounds is generally 2 to 4x greater than in conventional Gd complexes (e.g., gadobutrol).
The good water solubility and low osmolality of the agents according to the invention makes it possible to produce highly concentrated solutions, so as to keep the volume burden of the circulatory system within reasonable limits and to offset the dilution by bodily fluids. In addition, the agents according to the invention exhibit not only high stability in-vitro, but also surprisingly high stability in vivo, so that a release or an exchange of the ions, which are inherently toxic and are bonded in the complexes, is carried out only extremely slowly within the time that it takes for the new contrast media to be completely excreted.
In general, the agents according to the invention are dosed for use as MRT
diagnostic agents in amounts of 0.001-5 mmol of Gd/kg, preferably 0.005 - 0.5 mmol of Gd/kg.
The agents according to the invention are extremely well suited as x-ray contrast media, whereby it is especially to be emphasized that with them, no signs of the anaphylaxis-like reactions that are known from the iodine-containing contrast media can be detected in biochemical-pharmacological studies. In the case of strong x-ray absorption, they are especially effective in areas of higher tube voltages (e.g., CT and DSA).
In general, the agents according to the invention are dosed for administration as x-ray contrast media analogously to, for example, meglumine-diatrizoate, in amounts of 0.01 - 5 mmol/kg, preferably 0.02 - 1 mmol of substance/kg, which corresponds to 0.06 - 6 mmol (I+Dy)/kg in the case of, e.g., iodine-Dy compounds.
Depending on the diagnostic requirement, formulations can be selected that can be used both in x-ray diagnosis and in MR diagnosis. To achieve optimal results for both imaging modalities, it may be advantageous to select formulations in which the proportion of paramagnetic ions is reduced, since for many MR diagnostic applications, a point of diminishing returns is reached with too high a proportion of paramagnetic ions.
For dual uses, formulations can be used in which the proportion, in percent, of paramagnetic substances (e.g., Gd) is reduced to 0.05 to 50, preferably to 2-20%. As an example, a cardiac diagnostic application can be mentioned. For the examination, a formulation that consists of the substances according to the invention in a total concentration of, e.g., 0.25 mol/1 is used. The proportion of Gd-containing complexes is 20%, the remaining 80% of the metals are, e.g., Dy atoms. In an x-ray coronary angiography after intra-arterial or intravenous administration, e.g., 50 ml is used, i.e., 0.18 mmol of substance per kg of body weight in a patient who weighs 70 kg.
Shortly after x-ray visualization of the coronary vessels has taken place, an MR
diagnosis of the heart is followed to be able to differentiate vital myocardial areas from necrotic myocardial areas. The amount of about 110 ~mol of Gd/kg previously administered for the test is optimal for this purpose.
Example 1 a) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,iV tris-{2-aminoethyl)amide A solution of 10 g (15.5 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid trichloride (DE
3001292, Schering AG, priority: 1/11/1980) in 100 ml of tetrahydrofuran is added in drops to 24 g (400 mmol) of ethylenediamine for 1 hour at room temperature and stirred for 14 more hours. The solid that accumulates is filtered off, rewashed with ethanol, taken up in 100 ml of water, and the solution that is produced is set at a pH
of 8.0 with 1 M lithium hydroxide solution. After concentration by evaporation in a vacuum, it is recrystallized from ethanol.
Yield: 7.8 g (70% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 25.23 H 2.96 N 11.77 I 53.31 Fnd.: C 25.46 H 2.99 N 11.68 I 52.98 b) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,~;~'V tris-(3,6-diaza-4,7-dioxo-8-methyloctane-1,8-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd-complex] } )amide 48.5 g (77.09 mmol) of the Gd complex of 10-[4-carboxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-3-azabutyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (WO 98/24775, Schering AG, (Example 1)) is suspended in 400 ml of DMSO and mixed with 9.8 g (84.8 mmol) of N hydroxysuccinimide and 16.7 g (81 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and preactivated for 1 hour. Then, it is mixed with 12.3 g (17.12 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(2-aminoethvl)-amide and stirred for 3 days at room temperature under nitrogen. Insoluble components are filtered out, and the solution is poured into 2000 ml of acetone. The solid that accumulates in this case is filtered off and washed in portions with 1000 ml of acetone and with 500 ml of diethyl ether. The residue is taken up in 500 ml of water and absorptively precipitated for 2 hours with 100 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) and filtered off. Then, it is absorptively precipitated for 2 hours with 30 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form), filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation to 100 ml. To remove the residual dimethyl sulfoxide, the solution is poured into 1000 ml of acetone, and the precipitate that accumulates is filtered off. The residue is dissolved in 250 ml of water, and with a little ion exchanger (H-form and OH-form), the conductivity is set at a value of 0.005 mS (pH =
7.0), filtered off and concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
Yield: 33.9 g (73% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.9%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld..: C 33.92 H 4.15 N 11.54 I 14.93 Gd 18.51 Fnd.: C 33.99 H 4.17 N 11.49 I 14:88 Gd 18.37 Example 2 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N-tris-{3,6-diaza-4,7-dioxooctane-1,8-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})amide 9.4 g (15.3 mmol) ofthe Gd complex of 10-[4-carboxy-2-oxo-3-azabutvlJ-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (WO 98/24775, Schering AG, {Example 11)) is suspended in 100 ml of DMISO and mixed with 1.96 g (17 mmol) of N-hydroxysuecinimide and 3.3 g (16 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and preactivated for 1 hour. Then, it is mixed with 2.4 g (3.36 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(2-aminoethyl)-amide and stirred for 3 days at room temperature under nitrogen. Insoluble components are filtered out, and the solution is poured into 1000 ml of acetone. The solid that accumulates in this case is filtered off and washed in portions with 300 ml of acetone and with 100 ml of diethyl ether. The residue is taken up in 200 ml of water and absorptively precipitated for 2 hours with 30 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) and filtered off. Then, it is absorptively precipitated for 2 hours with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form), filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation to 100 ml. To remove the residual dimethyl sulfoxide, the solution is poured into 1000 ml of acetone, and the precipitate that accumulates is filtered off. The residue is dissolved in 250 ml of water, and with a little ion exchanger (H-form and OH-form), the conductivity is set to a value of 0.005 mS (pH = 7.0), filtered off and concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
Yield: 6.0 g (68% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.4%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 33.06 H 3.98 N 11.73 I 15.18 Gd 18.82 Fnd.: C 33.31 H 4.02 N 11.70 I 15.09 Gd 18.74 3~
Erample 3 a) 1,4,7-Tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~ 10-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane 68.2 g (118.6 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbony1~1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane (Delaney et al. , J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1991, 3329) is dissolved in 700 ml of acetonitrile and mixed with 75.4 g (545.5 mmol) of sodium carbonate. Then, 39.6 g (355.5 mmol) of bromoacetic acid ethyl ester is added while being stirred vigorously, and it is heated for 20 hours to 40°C.
Insoluble components are filtered out, evaporated to the dry state and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: ethyl acetate/hexane 20 : 1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 72.3 g (92% of theory) of a colorless oil Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 65.44 H 6.71 N 8.48 Fnd.: C 65.51 H 6.78 N 8.43 b) 1,4,7-Tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-10-(carboxymethy1~1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane 34 g (51.4 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-10-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl}-1.4,7.10-tetrazacyclododecane is dissolved in 300 ml of dioxane and mixed with 144 ml of 5% aqueous NaOH solution and stirred for 24 hours at room temperature.
after neutralization with concentrated HCI, it is evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 250 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 250 ml each of 1N
HCl solution. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, and the solvent is evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 27.8 g (85% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 64.54 H 6.37 N 8.86 Fnd.: C 64.47 H 6.41 N 8.79 c) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesicacid-~'V,N,Ntris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl) } )-amide 44.6 g (70.6 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbony1~10-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane, 21 ml (164 mmol) of triethylamine, 14.6 g (70.5 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 8.1 g (70.5 mmol) of N hydroxysuccinimide are added to a suspension of 16.8 g (23.5 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N-tris-(2-aminoethyl)amide in 446 ml of DMF, and it is stirred for 20 hours at room temperature.
Insoluble components are filtered out, and it is evaporated to the dry state.
The residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 500 ml each of water.
The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/
methanol 20 : 1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 23.3 g (39% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 54.93 H 5.32 N 9.86 I 14.88 Fnd.: C 55.11 H 5.37 N 9.81 I 14.76 d) 1,3,x-Triiodotrimesic acid-V;N,N-tris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{1-[1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl] } )-amide 20 g (7.8 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl]})-amide is mixed at 0-~°C carefully [with] 140 ml of HBr/AcOH (33%) and stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. Then, the reaction mixture is poured into 800 ml of diethyl ether, and the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off and rewashed several times with diethyl ether. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and 100 ml of dichloromethane and, while being stirred vigorously, 32% NaOH solution is added until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 50 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 10.3 g (97% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.01 H 6.04 N 18.66 I 28.18 Fnd.: C 40.19 H 6.07 N 18.60 I 28.11 e) 2,4,6-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-l,~-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl]; )-amide 18.6 g (13.7 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-NN ,:V tris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{1-[1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl]})-amide is dissolved in 7~ ml ofwater, 19.~ g (206.5 mmol) of chloroacetic acid is added, and a pH of 9.5 is set at 60°C with 32°~o NaOH. It is heated for 10 hours to 70°C, whereby the pH of the reaction mixture is readjusted continuously to 9.5. After cooling to room temperature, a pH of 1 is set with concentrated HCI, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
The residue is absorptively precipitated with 250 ml of methanol, insoluble components are filtered out, and the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and added to an ion-exchange column (600 ml, IR 120, H+-form).
Then, it is washed with 2 1 of water, and the acidic eluate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 70 ml of methanol and added in drops in 900 ml of diethyl ether;
the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, rewashed several times with diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 13.8 g (54% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.39 H 5.33 N 13.46 I 20.32 Fnd.: C 40.51 H 5.39 N 13.38 I 20.36 f) 2,4,6-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N-tris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})amide 13 g (6.9 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodotrimesic acid-?~;N,N tris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethy1~1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl]})-amide is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed. a pH of 7.4 is set with ammonia and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-forml for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 6.2 g (36% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.2%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.39 H 3.88 N 10.79 I 16.30 Gd 20.20 Fnd.: C 32.44 H 3.89 N 10.71 I 16.33 Gd 20.07 g) 2,4,6-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N-tris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl, Dy complex]})amide 13 g (6.9 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodotrimesic acid-N,.N,N-tris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl]})-amide is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.88 g ( 10.4 mmol) of dysprosium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptivelv precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 7.0 g (41 % of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.9%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.18 H 3.86 N 10.72 I 16.19 Dy 20.73 Fnd.: C 32.32 H 3.91 N 10.67 I 16.11 Dy 20.68 h) 2,4,6-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl- f 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl, Y complex]})amide 13 g (6.9 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,V'-tris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl- f 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl]})-amide is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.72 g (10.4 mmol) of yttrium carbonate is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After the complexing is completed, it is set at pH 7.4 with ammonia and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 6.5 g (42% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 4.8%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 3.51 H 4.26 N 11.38 I 17.87 Y 12.2 Fnd.: C 3.73 H 4.31 I~T 11.31 I 17.79 Y 12.60 Example 4 a) 1,4,7-Tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-10-(1-ethoxycarbonylethyl}~1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane 50.1 g (87.0 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbony1~1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane (Delaney et al. , J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1991, 3329) is dissolved in 500 ml of acetonitrile and mixed with 55.5 g (400 mmol) of sodium carbonate. Then, while being stirred vigorously, 54.3 g (300 mmol) of 1-bromopropionic acid ethyl ester is added, and it is heated for 20 hours to 60°C.
Insoluble components are filtered out, evaporated to the dry state and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: ethyl acetate/hexane 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 46 g (78% of theory) of a colorless oil.
Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 65.86 H 6.87 N 8.30 Fnd.: C 65.99 H 6.88 N 8.23 b) 1,4,7-Tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-10-(1-carboxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane 33.7 g (50 mmol) of 1,4.7-tris-(benzyloxycarbony1~10-(1-ethoxycarbonylethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane is dissolved [in] 300 ml of dioxane and mixed with 140 ml of ~°~o aqueous NaOH solution and stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. After neutralization with concentrated HCI, it is evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 250 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 250 ml each of 1N
HCL
solution. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, and the solvent is evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 28.2 g (87% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 65.00 H 6.55 N 8.66 Fnd.: C 65.22 H 6.59 N 8.60 c) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N-tris-(3-aza-1-methyl-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbony1~1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl]})-amide 45.6 g (70.6 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-10-(1-carboxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane, 21 ml (164 mmol) of triethylamine, 14.6 g ( 70.5 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 8.1 g (70.5 mmol) of N hydroxysuccinimide are added to a suspension of 16.8 g (23.5 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(2-aminoethyl)amide in 450 ml DMF, and it is stirred for 20 hours at room temperature.
Insoluble components are filtered out and evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 500 ml each of water. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 24.5 g (40% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 55.43 H 5.47 N 9.70 I 14.64 Fnd.: C 55.49 H 5.43 N 9.66 I 14.60 d) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(3-aza-1-methyl-4-oxopentane-1,~-diyl-{ 1-[1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl] } )-amide 23 g (8.85 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N-tris-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl]})-amide is mixed carefully at 0-5°C with 140 ml of HBr/AcOH (33%) and stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. Then, the reaction mixture is poured into 800 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off and rewashed several times with diethyl ether. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and 100 ml of dichloromethane while being stirred vigorously, and 32% NaOH solution is added until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 50 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 11.7 g (95% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 41.39 H 6.29 N 18.10 I 27.33 Fnd.: C 41.51 H 6.32 N 18.01 I 27.26 e) 2,4,6-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N-tris-(3-aza-1-methyl-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl]})-amide 18.8 g (13.5 mmol) of 1,3,x-triiodotrimesic acid-~'~;N,N tris-(3-aza-1-methyl-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{1-[1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl]})-amide is dissolved in 75 ml of water, 19.~ g (206.5 mmol) of chloroacetic acid is added, and a pH of 9.5 is set at 60°C with 32% NaOH. It is heated for 10 hours to 70°C; whereby the pH of the reaction mixture is continuously readjusted to 9.5. After cooling to room temperature, a pH of 1 is set with concentrated HCI, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum. The residue is absorptively precipitated with 250 ml of methanol, insoluble components are filtered out, and the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation.
The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and added to an ion-exchange column (600 ml, IR 120, H+-form). Then, it is washed with 2 1 of water, and the acidic eluate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 70 ml of methanol and added in drops in 900 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, rewashed several times with diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 15.0 g (58% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 41.39 H 5.53 N 13.16 I 19.88 Fnd.: C 41.46 H 5.537 N 13.11 I 19.79 f) 2,4,6-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,~'~=tris-(3-aza-1-methyl-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex] })amide 13.2 g (6.9 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(3-aza-1-methyl-4-oxopentane-1, 5-diyl- { 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecanyl] } )-amide is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is relluxed for 6 hours.
After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then it is absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 7.1 g (41% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.6%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 33.34 H 4.07 N 10.60 I 16.01 Gd 19.84 Fnd.: C 33.51 H 4.14 N 10.53 I 15.98 Gd 19.76 Example 5 a) Dibenzyloxiranylmethylamine 98.6 g (0.5 mol) of dibenzylamine and 55.5 g (0.6 mol) of epichlorohydrin are dissolved in 500 ml of methanol and heated for 6 hours to 80°C. The solution is evaporated to the dry state and mixed with 500 ml of tert-butanol. A solution of 36.4 g (0.65 mol) of potassium hydroxide in 50 ml of water is now added while being stirred, and it is heated for 2 hours to 80°C. After cooling to room temperature, the potassium chloride that is formed is filtered out, the filtrate is evaporated to the dry state and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: hexane/ethyl acetate 10 : 1).
The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 126 g (99% of theory) of a colorless oil Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 80.60 H 7.56 N 5.53 Fnd.: C 80.72 H 7.59 N 5.51 4~
b) [1-(3-Dibenzylamino-2-hydroxypropyl~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane]
pentahydrochloride 100 ml (752.77 mmol) of N,N dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal is added to 100 g (580.48 mmol) of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, dissolved in 700 ml of toluene, and it is heated for 2 hours to 120°C under nitrogen. In this case, a methanol/toluene azeotrope is distilled off continuously. Then, the reaction mixture is concentrated by evaporation at 70°C in a vacuum, 157 g (620 mmol) of dibenzyloxiranylmethylamine is added, and it is heated under nitrogen for 24 hours to 110°C. After cooling to room temperature, it is mixed with 500 ml of water and extracted twice with 200 ml each of ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase is mixed with 250 ml of concentrated HCl and then heated for 12 hours to 80°C. It is evaporated to the dry state, mixed with 200 ml of ethanol and 200 ml of methanol and evaporated again to the dry state. The residue is dissolved in 600 ml of ethanol while being heated, and then it is slowly cooled to 0°C, whereby a white solid is crystallized out. The solid is filtered off, washed with ethanol and then dried at 50°C in a vacuum.
Yield: 280 g (79% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: ~ C 49.39 H 7.29 N 11.52 Cl 29.16 Fnd.: C 49.67 H 7.44 N 11.56 Cl 28.22 c) 10-(3-Dibenzylamino-2-hydroxypropyl~l,4,7-tris-(tent-butoxycarbonylmethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane 32°'o NaOH solution is added to 250 g (411.2 mmol) of [1-(3-dibenzylamino-2-hydroxypropyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane] pentahydrochloride, dissolved in ' ' 46 500 ml of water and 500 ml of dichloromethane, while being stirred vigorously until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 250 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state. The residue is dissolved in 1200 ml of acetonitrile and mixed with 176.2 g (1.275 mol) of potassium carbonate.
Then, 248.7 g (1.275 mol) of bromoacetic acid-tent-butyl ester is added while being stirred vigorously, and it is heated for 3 hours to 60°C. Insoluble components are filtered out, it is evaporated to the dry state and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 262 g (83% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 67.25 H 9.05 N 9.12 Fnd.: C 67.33 H 9.02 N 9.15 d) 10-(3-Amino-2-hydroxypropyl~l,4,7-tris-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl}~acyclo-dodecane 76.8 g (100 mmol) of 10-(3-dibenzylamino-2-hydroxypropyl~l,4,7-tris-{tert-butoxycarbonylmethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane is dissolved in 500 ml of methanol, mixed with 40 ml of water, and 10 g of palladium catalyst (20% Pd/C) is added. It is hydrogenated for 8 hours at 50°C under normal pressure.
Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum.
Yield: 58.5 g (quantitative) of a colorless powder Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 59.26 H 9.77 N 11.91 Fnd.: C 59.48 H 9.86 N 11.67 e) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N;N,N tris-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(tent-butoxycarbonylmethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )amide 12.2 g (120 mmol) of triethylamine and then 38.8 g (66 mmol) of 10-(3-amino-2-hydroxypropyl~ 1,4,7-tris-(tent-butoxycarbonylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane are added to 12.86 g (20 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid tris chloride (DE
3001292, Schering AG, priority: 1/11/1980), dissolved in 400 ml of tetrahydrofuran, and it is stirred for 6 hours at room temperature. Insoluble components are filtered out, it is evaporated to the dry state, and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 32.7 g (71% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 50.19 H 7.37 N 9.15 I 16.57 Fnd.: C 50.33 H 7.40 I~T 9.11 I 16.43 f) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,Ntris-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )amide 34.5 g (15 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-lV,N,N tris-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl- { 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(tent-butoxycarbonylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyc lo-dodecanyl]})amide is dissolved in 100 ml of dichloromethane, mixed at 0°C with 100 ml of trifluoroacetic acid and stirred for 3 hours at 0°C. The batch is poured into 500 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates is filtered off, rewashed three times with 100 ml each of diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 25.3 g (94% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.21 H 5.40 N 11.72 I 21.24 Fnd.: C 40.44 H 5.49 N 11.67 I 21.11 g) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]}, Gd complex)amide 21.5 g (12 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-N,l~;N tris-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})amide is dissolved in 250 ml of water and acidified by adding 5 ml of acetic acid. 13 g (36.2 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added and refluxed for 3 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 20/20/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 19.4 g (68% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.3%
Elementary analysis (relative to anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 31.96 H 3.89 N 9.32 I 16.88 Gd 20.92 Fnd.: C 32.11 H 3.94 N 9.28 I 16.77 Gd 20.79 Example 6 a) 1-Benzyl-1-methyl(oxiranylmethyl)amine 60.6 g (0.5 mol) of benzylmethylamine and 55.5 g (0.6 mol) of epichlorohydrin are dissolved in 500 ml of methanol and heated for 6 hours to 80°C. The solution is evaporated to the dry state and mixed with 500 ml of tert-butanol. A solution of 36.4 g (0.65 mol) of potassium hydroxide in 50 ml of water is now added while being stirred, and it is heated for 2 hours to 80°C. After cooling to room temperature, potassium chloride that has formed is filtered out, the filtrate is evaporated to the dry state and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: hexane/ethyl acetate 10 : 1).
The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 85 g (96% of theory) of a colorless oil Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 74.54 H 8.53 N 7.90 Fnd.: C 74.68 H 8.55 N 7.82 b) [1-(3-Benzylmethylamino-2-hydroxypropyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane]
pentahydrochloride 100 ml (752.77 mmol) of N,N dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal is added to 100 g (580.48 mmol) of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, dissolved in 700 ml of toluene, and it is heated for 2 hours to 120°C under nitrogen. In this case, a methanol/toluene JO
azeotrope is continuously distilled off. Then, the reaction mixture is concentrated by evaporation at 70°C in a vacuum, 110 g (620 mmol) of 1-benzyl-1-methyl(oxiranylmethyl)amine is added, and it is heated under nitrogen for 24 hours to 110°C. After cooling to room temperature, it is mixed with 500 ml of water and extracted twice with 200 ml each of ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase is mixed with 250 ml of concentrated HCl and then heated for 12 hours to 80°C. It is evaporated to the dry state, mixed with 200 ml of ethanol and 200 ml of methanol and again evaporated to the dry state. The residue is dissolved in 600 ml of ethanol while being heated, and then it is slowly cooled to 0°C, whereby a white solid crystallizes out. The solid is filtered off, washed with ethanol and then dried at 50°C in a vacuum.
Yield: 235 g (76% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 42.91 H 7.58 N 13.17 C133.33 Fnd.: C 43.34 H 7.60 N 13.29 Cl 32.78 c) 10-(3-Benzylmethylamino-2-hydroxypropyl~-1,4,7-tris-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl}~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane 32% NaOH solution is added to 212.7 g (400 mmol) of [1-(3-benzylmethylamino-2-hydroxypropyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane]
pentahydrochloride, dissolved in 500 ml of water and 500 ml of dichloromethane, while being stirred vigorously until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 250 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state.
The residue is dissolved in 1200 ml of acetonitrile and mixed with 176.2 g (1.275 mol) of potassium carbonate. Then, 248.7 g (1.275 mol) of bromoacetic acid-tent-butyl ester is added while being stirred vigorously, and it is heated for 3 hours to 60°C. Insoluble components are filtered out, it is evaporated to the dry state, and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 219 g (79% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 64.23 H 9.47 N 10.12 Fnd.: C 64.38 H 9.50 N 10.07 d) 10-(3-Methylamino-2-hydroxypropyl}-1,4,7-tris-(tent-butoxycarbonylmethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane 69.2 g (100 mmol) of 10-(3-benzylmethylamino-2-hydroxypropyl}-1,4,7-tris-(tort-butoxycarbonylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane is dissolved in 500 ml of methanol, mixed with 40 ml of water, and 10 g of palladium catalyst (20% Pd/C) is added. It is hydrogenated for 8 hours at ~0°C under normal pressure.
Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum.
Yield: 60 g (quantitative) of a colorless powder Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 59.67 H 9.88 N 11.64 Fnd.: C 59.89 H 9.81 N 11.52 e) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanylJ }
)methylamide 12.2 g (120 mmol) of triethylamine and then 39.7 g (66 mmol) of 10-(3-methylamino-2-hydroxypropyl}-1,4,7-tris-(tent-butoxycarbonylinethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane are added to 12.86 g (20 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid tris chloride (DE 3001292, Schering AG, priority: 1/11/1980), dissolved in 400 ml of tetrahydrofuran, and it is stirred for 18 hours at room temperature. Insoluble components are filtered out, it is evaporated to the dry state and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 31.4 g (67% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 50.83 H 7.50 N 8.98 I 16.41 Fnd.: C 50.99 H 7.57 N 8.90 I 16.22 f) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N-tris-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7.10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )methylamide 35.1 g (15 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-N,V,N tris-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl}~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] })-methylamide is dissolved in 100 ml of dichloromethane, mixed at 0°C
with 100 ml of trifluoroacetic acid and stirred for 3 hours at 0°C. The batch is poured into 500 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates is filtered off, it is rewashed three times with 100 ml each of diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 26.4 g (96% of theory) of a colorless solid S.i Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.25 H 5.60 N 11.45 I 20.75 Fnd.: C 40.17 H 5.69 N 11.51 I 20.58 g) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]}, Gd complex) methylamide 22 g (12 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})methylamide is dissolved in 250 ml of water and acidified by adding 5 ml o.f acetic acid. 13 g (36.2 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 3 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 20/20/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 18.2 g (62% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.1 Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.94 H 4.08 N 9.15 I 16.57 Gd 20.54 Fnd.: C 33.21 H 4.13 N 9.10 I 16.43 Gd 20.22 ' S4 Example 7 a) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(oxiranylmethoxymethyl)benzene 55 ml of a 32% NaOH solution is added in drops at room temperature to a mixture that consists of 11.0 g (20.1 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-trishydroxymethylbenzene, 55.5 g (0.6 mol) of epichlorohydrin and 1.1 g (3.2 mmol) of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate within 1 hour, and then it is stirred for 12 hours.
It is mixed with 150 ml of water and extracted twice with 200 ml each of toluene. The combined organic phases are dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: hexane/ethyl acetate : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 10.5 g (73% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 30.28 H 2.96 I 53.32 Fnd.: C 30.44 H 2.99 I 53.21 b) 1,3,5-Triiodo-{2,4,6-tris(2-hydroxy-3-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-yl)propyloxy-methyl] } benzene 10 ml (75.28 mmol) of N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal is added to 10 g (58.05 mmol) of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, dissolved in 100 ml of toluene, and it is heated for 2 hours to 120°C under nitrogen. In this case, a methanol/toluene azeotrope is distilled off continuously. Then, the reaction mixture is concentrated by evaporation at 70°C in a vacuum, 13.6 g (19.1 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(oxiranylmethoxymethyl)benzene is added, and it is heated under nitrogen for 24 hours ~5 to 110°C. After cooling to room temperature, it is mixed with 100 ml of 2N HC1 and then heated for 12 hours to 80°C. It is evaporated to the dry state, mixed with 50 ml of ethanol and 50 ml of methanol and evaporated to the dry state again. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of ethanol while being heated, and then slowly cooled to 0°C, whereby a white solid crystallizes out. The solid is filtered off, washed with ethanol and then dried at 50°C in a vacuum. The solid is dissolved in 100 ml of water and 100 ml of dichloromethane, and 32% NaOH solution is added while being stirred vigorously until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 100 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 19.0 g (81 % of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.98 H 6.63 N 13.66 I 30.93 Fnd.: C 41.32 H 6.71 N 13.54 I 30.77 c) 1,3,5-Triiodo-{2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-3-(1,4,7-triscarboxymethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-yl)propyloxymethyl] } benzene 16.6 g (13.5 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-{2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-3-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-yl)propyloxy-methyl]} benzene is dissolved in 75 ml of water, 19.5 g (206.5 mmol) of chloroacetic acid is added, and a pH of 9.5 is set at 60°C with 32% NaOH. It is heated for 10 hours to 70°C, whereby the pH of the reaction mixture is continuously readjusted to 9.5. After cooling to room temperature, a pH of 1 is set with concentrated HCI, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
The residue is absorptively precipitated with 2~0 ml of methanol, insoluble components are s6 filtered out, and the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and added to an ion-exchange column (600 ml, IR 120, H+-form).
Then, it is washed with 2 1 of water, and the acidic eluate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 70 ml of methanol and added in drops in 900 ml of diethyl ether;
the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, rewashed several times with diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 14.4 g (61% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 41.11 H 5.69 N 9.59 I 21.71 Fnd.: C 41.34 H 5.56 N 9.62 I 21.45 d) 1,3,5-Triiodo-{2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-3-(1,4,7-triscarboxylatomethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-yl)propyloxymethyl] Gd complex}benzene 12.1 g (6.9 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-{2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-3-(1,4,7-triscarboxymethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-yl)propyloxymethyl]}benzene is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 7.0 g (43% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.4%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.52 H 4.09 N 7.59 I 17.18 Gd 21.29 Fnd.: C 32.88 H 4.19 N 7.62 I 17.00 Gd 20.99 Example 8 a) 10-[4-Aza-6-(benzyloxycarbonylamino}-5-oxo-2-hydroxyhexyl]-1,4,7-tris-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane 21.97 g (105 mmol) of Z-glycine is dissolved in 400 ml of DMF, mixed with 12.1 g (105 mmol) ofN-hydroxysuccinimide and 21.7 g (105 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide while being cooled with ice and preactivated for 1 hour in ice. Then, 58.8 g (100 mmol) of 10-(3-amino-2-hydroxypropy1~1,4,7-tris-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane and 15.4 ml (120 mmol) of triethylamine are added and stirred overnight at room temperature. Insoluble components are filtered out and evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 500 ml each of water. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 63.2 g (81% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementarv analysis:
Cld.: C 60.13 H 8.54 N 10.79 Fnd.: C 60.32 H 8.561 N 10.59 J$
b) 10-(4-Aza-6-amino-5-oxo-2-hydroxyhexyl~l,4,7-tris-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane 60 g (77 mmol) of 10-[4-aza-6-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-5-oxo-2-hydroxyhexyl]-1,4,7-tris-(tent-butoxycarbonylmethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane is dissolved in 500 ml of methanol, mixed with 40 ml of water, and 10 g of palladium catalyst (10% Pd/C) is added. It is hydrogenated for 8 hours at 50°C
under normal pressure. Catalyst is filtered out, and the filtrate is evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 48.8 g (98% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 57.74 H 9.38 N 13.03 Fnd.: C 57.68 H 9.44 N 13.11 c) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(3-aza-2-oxo-5-hydroxyhexane-1,6-diyl-f 10-[1,4,7-tris-(tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})-amide 12.2 g ( 120 mmol) of triethylamine and then 42.6 g (66 mmol) of 10-(4-aza-6-amino-5-oxo-2-hydroxyhexyl~ 1,4,7-tris-(tent-butoxycarbonylmethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane are added to 12.86 g (20 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid tris chloride (DE 3001292, Schering AG, priority: 1/11/1980), dissolved in 400 ml of tetrahydrofuran, and it is stirred for 6 hours at room temperature. Insoluble components are filtered out, evaporated to the dry state and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 36.5 g (74% of theory) of a colorless solid ~9 Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 49.63 H 7.23 N 10.21 I 15.42 Fnd.: C 49.97 H 7.31 N 10.12 I 15.26 d) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(3-aza-2-oxo-5-hydroxyhexane-1,6-diyl-{ 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )amide 34.6 g (14 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-N,N,N tris-(3-aza-2-oxo-5-hydroxyhexane-1,6-diyl-{ 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(tent-butoxycarbonylmethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})amide is dissolved in 100 ml of dichloromethane, mixed at 0°C with 100 ml of trifluoroacetic acid and stirred for 3 hours at 0°C. The batch is poured into 500 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates is filtered off, rewashed three times with 100 ml each of diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 26.0 g {95% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.38 H 5.39 N 12.84 I 19.39 Fnd.: C 40.56 H 5.45 N 12.78 I 19.17 e) 1,3,5-Triiodotrimesic acid-N, V,N tris-(3-aza-2-oxo-5-hydroxyhexane-1,6-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]}, Gd complex)amide 23.6 g (12 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodotrimesic acid-11~;N,N tris-(3-aza-2-oxo-5-hydroxyhexane-1,6-diyl-{ 10-[ 1,4,7-Iris-{carboxymethyl)-1,4, 7,10-tetraazacyclo-dodecanyl]})amide is dissolved in 250 ml of water and acidified by adding 5 ml of acetic acid. 13 g (36.2 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 3 hours.
After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 again with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia:
20/20/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 20.8 g (67% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.4%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.68 H 3.99 N 10.39 I 15.69 Gd 19.45 Fnd.: C 32.99 H 4.07 N 10.35 I 15.53 Gd 19.22 Example 9 a) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(toluenesulfonyloxy)methylbenzene 76.3 g (400 mmol) of toluenesulfonic acid chloride is added in drops to a mixture that consists of 50.0 g (91.4 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-hydroxymethylbenzene and 3 g (8.7 mmol) of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate in 200 ml of 32%
NaOH
solution and 300 ml of toluene at room temperature, and then it is stirred for 12 hours. It is mixed with 300 ml of water and extracted twice with 200 ml each of toluene.
The combined organic phases are dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: hexane/ethyl acetate 10 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 47.2 g (51% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 35.73 H 2.70 I 37.7 Fnd.: C 36.03 H 2.77 I 37.56 b) 1,4,7-Tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-10-(carbamidomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane 17.8 g (130.5 mmol) of isobutyl chloroformate is added in drops at -20°C to a solution of 75 g (118.7 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}~10-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane and 16.9 g (130.5 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine in 500 ml of THF. Then, it is stirred for 1 hour at -20°C and mixed carefully with 20 ml of 25% aqueous ammonia solution. It is stirred for 2 more hours at 0°C, then the solvent is distilled off in a vacuum and the residue 'is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: ethyl acetate/hexane 10 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 60.7 g (81 % of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 64.64 H 6.54 N 11.09 Fnd.: C 64.81 H 6.49 N 11.00 c) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl- f 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] ~ )benzene 44.6 g (70.6 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbony1~10-(carbamidomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane is dissolved in 500 ml of THF and mixed at 0°C under argon with 1.71 g (71 mmol) of sodium hydride and stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. Then, a solution of 20.2 g (20 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(toluenesulfonyloxy)methylbenzene in 150 ml of THF is added in drops and refluxed for 20 hours. After cooling, insoluble components are filtered out and evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 500 ml each of water. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 29.4 g (62% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 55.85 H 5.32 N 8.80 I 15.95 Fnd.: C 56.07 H 5.39 N 8.67 I 15.76 d) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-{2-aza-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-[10-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl)] ]benzene 20 g (8.4 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]])benzene is carefully mixed at 0-5°C [with] 140 ml of HBr/AcOH (33%) and stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. Then, the reaction mixture is poured into 800 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, and it is rewashed several times with diethyl ether. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and 100 ml of dichloromethane while being stirred vigorously, and 32% NaOH solution is added until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 50 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 9.1 g (91 % of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 39.70 H 6.15 N 17.81 I 32.27 Fnd.: C 39.91 H 6.22 N 17.75 I 32.09 e) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )benzene 17.7 g (15 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-{2-aza-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-[10-( 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl)] }benzene is dissolved in 75 ml of water, 19.5 g (206.5 mmol) of chloroacetic acid is added, and a pH of 9.5 is set at 60°C
with 32% NaOH. It is heated for 10 hours to 70°C, whereby the pH of the reaction mixture is readjusted continuously to 9.5. After cooling to room temperature, the pH is set at 1 with concentrated HCI, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
The residue is absorptively precipitated with 250 ml of methanol, insoluble components are filtered out, and the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and added to an ion-exchange column (600 ml, IR 120, H+-form).
Then, it is washed with 2 1 of water, and the acidic eluate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 70 ml of methanol and added in drops in 900 ml of diethyl ether;
the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, rewashed several times with diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 13.8 g (54% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.22 H 5.33 N 12.34 I 22.37 Fnd.: C 40.43 H 5.37 N 12.25 I 22.19 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]}, Gd complex)benzene 11.7 g (6.9 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})benzene is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 8.4 g (53% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.1 Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 31.63 H 3.77 N 9.71 I 17.59 Gd 21.79 Fnd.: C 31.77 H 3.72 N 9.76 I 17.45 Gd 21.63 6~
g) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]}, Dy complex)benzene 11.7 g (6.9 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-{2,4,6-tris-[2-(4,7,10-triscarboxymethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-ylacetylamino)methyl]}benzene is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.88 g (10.4 mmol) of dysprosium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 7.5 g (47% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.9%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 31.40 H 3.74 N 9.64 I 17.46 Dy 22.36 Fnd.: C 31.65 H 3.79 N 9.67 I 17.25 Dy 22.11 h) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-{ 10-[1,4.7-tris-(carboxylatomethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]},Y complex)benzene 11.7 g (6.9 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-{2,4,6-tris-[2-(4,7,10-triscarboxymethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-ylacetylamino)methyl]}benzene is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.72 g (10.4 mmol) of yttrium carbonate is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 8.7 g (61 % of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.4%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 34.93 H 4.17 N 10.72 I 19.43 Y 13.61 Fnd.: C 35.12 H 4.11 N 10.79 I 19.34 Y 13.52 Erample 10 a) 1,4,7-Tris-(benzyloxycarbony1~10-(1-carbamidoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane 17.8 g (130.5 mmol) of isobutyl chloroformate is added in drops to a solution of 76.8 g (118.7 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-10-(1-carboxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane and 16.9 g (130.5 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine in 500 ml of THF at -20°C. Then, it is stirred for 1 hour at -20°C and carefully mixed with 20 ml of 25% aqueous ammonia solution. It is stirred for 2 more hours at 0°C, then the solvent is distilled off in a vacuum, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: ethyl acetate/hexane 10 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 59.8 g (78% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 65.10 H 6.71 N 10.85 Fnd.: C 65.34 H 6.86 N 10.67 b) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-4-methyl-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )benzene 45.6 g (70.6 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbony1~10-(1-carbamidoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane is dissolved in 500 ml of THF and mixed at 0°C under argon with 1.71 g (71 mmol) of sodium hydride and stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. Then, a solution of 20.2 g (20 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(toluenesulfonyloxy)methylbenzene in 150 ml of THF is added in drops and stirred for 20 hours under reflux. After cooling; insoluble components are filtered out and evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 500 ml each of water. The organic phase.is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 27.7 g (57% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 56.37 H 5.48 N 8.65 I 15.67 Fnd.: C 56.56 H 5.39 N 8.73 I 15.46 c) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-{2-aza-4-methyl-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-[10-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl)] }benzene 25 g (10.3 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-4-methyl-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})benzene is carefully mixed at 0-5°C with 150 ml of HBr/AcOH (33%) and stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. Then, the reaction mixture is poured into 800 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, and it is rewashed several times with diethyl ether. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and 100 ml of dichloromethane while being stirred vigorously, and 32% NaOH solution is added until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 50 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 11.4 g (90% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 41.29 H 6.43 N 17.19 I 31.16 Fnd.: C 41.44 H 6.49 N 17.07 I 31.00 d) 1,3,~-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-4-methyl-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )benzene 18.3 g (15 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-{2-aza-4-methyl-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-[10-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl)]}benzene is dissolved in 75 ml ofwater, 19.5 g (206.5 mmol) of chloroacetic acid is added, and a pH of 9.5 is set at 60°C with 32%
NaOH. It is heated for 10 hours to 70°C, whereby the pH of the reaction mixture is continuously readjusted to 9.5. After cooling to room temperature, a pH of 1 is set with concentrated HC1, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
The residue is absorptively precipitated with 250 ml of methanol, insoluble components are filtered out, and the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and added to an ion-exchange column (600 ml, IR 120, H+-form).
Then, it is washed with 2 1 of water, and the acidic eluate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 70 ml of methanol and added in drops in 900 ml of diethyl ether;
the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, rewashed several times with diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 15.5 g (59% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 41.32 H 5.55 N 12.05 I 21.83 Fnd.: C 41.56 H 5.62 N 12.01 I 21.73 e) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-4-methyl-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]}, Gd complex)benzene 12.0 g (6.9 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2-aza-4-methyl-3-oxobutane-1,4-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})benzene is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, a pH of 7.4 is set with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then it is absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, i0 mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 7.6 g (47% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.2%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.66 H 3.97 N 9.52 I 17.25 Gd 21.38 Fnd.: C 32.78 H 3.99 N 9.45 I 17.21 Gd 21.19 Example 11 a) 10-[4-Carbamido-1-methyl-2-oxo-3-azabutyl]-1,4;7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-tent-butyl ester 17.8 g (130.5 mmol) of isobutyl chloroformate is added in drops at-20°C
to a solution of 76.5 g (118.7 mmol) of 10-[4-carboxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-3-azabutyl]1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-tent-butyl ester (DE 19549286 Al, Schering AG, (Example 2d)) and 16.9 g (130.5 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine in 500 ml of THF. Then, it is stirred for 1 hour at -20°C and carefully mixed with 20 ml of 25%
aqueous ammonia solution. It is stirred for 2 more hours at 0°C, then, the solvent is distilled off in a vacuum, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 61.1 g (80% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 57.92 H 9.09 N 13.07 Fnd.: C 58.11 H 9.12 N 12.99 b) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2,5-diaza-3,6-dioxo-7-methylheptane-1,7-diyl-{10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(tert-butyloxycarbonylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclo-dodecanyl]})benzene 44.6 g (70.6 mmol) of 10-[4-carbamido-1-methyl-2-oxo-3-azabutyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-tent-butyl ester is dissolved in 500 ml of THF
and mixed at 0°C under argon with I .71 g (71 mmol) of sodium hydride, and it is stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. Then, a solution of 20.2 g (20 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(toluenesulfonyloxy)methylbenzene in 150 ml of THF is added in drops and stirred under reftux for 20 hours. After cooling, insoluble components are filtered out and evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in S00 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 500 ml each of water. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 15.1 g (31 % of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 50.62 H 7.37 N 10.42 I 15.73 Fnd.: C 50.79 H 7.41 N 10.44 I 15.64 c) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2,5-diaza-3,6-dioxo-7-methylheptane-1,?-diyl-{10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )benzene i 8.2 g (7.5 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-Iris-(2,5-diaza-3,6-dioxo-7-methylheptane-1,7-diyl- { 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(tert-butyloxycarbonylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )benzene is dissolved in .75 ml of dichloromethane, mixed at 0°C with 75 ml of trifluoroacetic acid and stirred for 3 hours at 0°C. The batch is poured into 500 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates is filtered off, rewashed three times with 100 ml each of diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 14.1 g (98% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 41.39 H 5.53 N 13.16 I 19.88 Fnd.: C 41.51 H 5.57 N 13.11 I 19.67 d) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2,5-diaza-3,6-dioxo-7-methylheptane-1,7-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]}, Gd complex)benzene 13.2 g (6.9 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2,5-diaza-3,6-dioxo-7-methylheptane-1,7-diyl- { 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclo-dodecanyl]})benzene is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia:
10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then it is absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 10.2 g (58% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.2%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 33.34 H 4.07 N 10.60 I 16.01 Gd 19.84 Fnd:: C 33.52 H 4.12 N 10.63 I 15.89 Gd 19.72 Example 12 a) 10-(4-Carbamido-2-oxo-3-azabutyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-tent-butyl ester 17.8 g (130.5 mmol) of isobutyl chloroformate is added in drops at-20°C
to a solution of 74.8 g (118.7 mmol) of 10-(4-carboxy-2-oxo-3-azabutyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-tent-butyl ester (DE 19549286 A1, Schering AG, (Example li)) and 16.9 g (130.5 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine in 500 ml of THF.
Then, it is stirred for 1 hour at -20°C and carefully mixed with 20 ml of 25% aqueous ammonia solution. It is stirred for 2 more hours at 0°C, and then the solvent is distilled off in a vacuum, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 55.9 g (75% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld..: C 57.30 H 8.98 N 13.36 Fnd.: C 57.45 H 8.99 N 13.31 7~
b) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2,5-diaza-3,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(tert-butyloxycarbonylmethyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )benzene 44.4 g (70.6 mmol) of 10-(4-carbamido-2-oxo-3-azabutyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-tent-butyl ester is dissolved in 500 ml of THF and mixed at 0°C under argon with 1.71 g (71 mmol) of sodium hydride, and it is stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. Then, a solution of 20.2 g (20 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(toluenesulfonyloxy)methylbenzene in 150 ml of THF is added in drops and stirred under reflux for 20 hours. After cooling, insoluble components are filtered out, and it is evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 500 ml each of water. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 16.2 g (34% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 50.00 H 7.25 N 10.60 I 16.01 Fnd.: C 50.17 H 7.28 N 10.55 I 15.89 c) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2,5-diaza-3,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7, I 0-tetraazacyclododecariyl] } )benzene 17.9 g (7.5 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4.6-tris-(2,5-diaza-3,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl- { 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(tent-butyloxycarbonylmethyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclo-dodecanyl]})benzene is dissolved in 75 ml of dichloromethane, mixed at 0°C with 75 ml of trifluoroacetic acid and stirred for 3 hours at 0°C. The batch is poured into 500 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates is filtered off, rewashed three times with 100 ml each of diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 13.5 g (96% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.39 H 5.33 N 13.46 I 20.32 Fnd.: C 40.21 H 5.27 N 13.57 I 20.22 d) 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2,5-diaza-3,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] }, Gd complex)benzene 12.9 g (6.9 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-tris-(2,5-diaza-3,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})benzene is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then it is absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 10.6 g (61% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.5%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.39 H 3.88 N 10.79 I 16.30 Gd 20.19 Fnd.: C 32.51 H 3.91 N 10.75 I 16.16 Gd 20.01 Example 13 a) 2,4,6-Triiodo-1,3,5-tris-(2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminoethoxymethyl)benzene 142 g (450 mmol) of toluenesulfonic acid-2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminoethyl ester (Carne et al., Tetrahedron Letters, 38, 1997, 3361), dissolved in 250 ml of toluene, is added in drops to a mixture that consists of 50.0 g (91.4 mmol) of 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-trishydroxymethylbenzene, and 3 g (8.7 mmol) of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate in 200 ml of 32% NaOH solution and 300 ml of toluene at room temperature, and then it is stirred for 12 hours. It is mixed with water and extracted twice with 300 ml each of toluene. The combined organic phases are dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state and chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
hexane/ethyl acetate 10 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 28.6 g (32% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 36.94 H 4.96 N 4.31 I 37.75 Fnd.: C 36.98 H 4.90 N 4.27 I 37.64 b) 2,4,6-Triiodo-1,3,5-tris-(aminoethoxymethyl)benzene 24.4 g (25 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-1,3,5-tris-(2-tert-butoxycarbonylaminoethoxy-methyl)benzene is dissolved in 100 ml of dichloromethane, mixed at 0°C
with 100 ml of trifluoroacetic acid and stirred for 3 hours at 0°C. The batch is poured into 500 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off and rewashed several times with diethyl ether. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and 100 ml of dichloromethane while being stirred vigorously, and 32% NaOH solution is added until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 50 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 14.7 g (87% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 26.69 H 3.58 N 6.22 I 56.39 Fnd.: C 26.78 H 3.55 N 6.16 I 56.27 c) 2,4,6-Triiodo-1,3, 5-tris-{ 10-[1,4,7-tiffs-(benzyloxycarbony1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]aminoethoxymethyl}benzene 44.6 g (70.6 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-10-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane, 21 ml (164 mmol) of triethylamine, 14.6 g (70.5 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 8.1 g (70.5 mmol) ofN hydroxysuccinimide are added to a solution of 15.9 g (23.5 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-1,3,x-tris-(aminoethoxymethyl)benzene in 400 ml DMF, and it is stirred for 20 hours at room temperature. Insoluble components are filtered out and evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 500 ml each of water. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 29 g (49% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 55.78 H 5.52 N 9.34 I 15.11 Fnd.: C 55.91 H 5.62 N 9.26 I 14.89 d) 2,4,6-Triiodo-1,3,5-tris-[10-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl)amino-ethoxymethyl]benzene 20 g (7.9 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-1,3,5-tris- f 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]aminoethoxymethyl}benzene is carefully mixed at 0-5°C with 140 ml of HBr/AcOH (33%) and stirred for 3 hours at room temperature.
Then, the reaction mixture is poured into 800 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off and rewashed several times with diethyl ether.
The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and 100 ml of dichloromethane while being stirred vigorously, and 32% NaOH solution is added until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 50 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 10.1 g (97% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 41.20 H 6.45 N 16.01 I 29.02 Fnd.: C 41.09 H 6.42 N 15.98 I 28.87 e) 2,4,6-Triiodo-1,3,5-tris-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclo-dodecanyl]aminoethoxymethyl } benzene 17.7 g (13.5 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-1,3,5-tris-[10-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclo-dodecanyl)aminoethoxymethyl]benzene is dissolved in 75 ml of water, 19.5 g (206.5 mmol) of chloroacetic acid is added, and a pH of 9.5 is set at 60°C
with 32% NaOH. It is heated for 10 hours to 70°C, whereby the pH of the reaction mixture is continuously readjusted to 9.5. After cooling to room temperature, the pH is set at 1 with concentrated HCI, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
The residue is absorptively precipitated with 250 ml of methanol, insoluble components are filtered out, and the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and added to an ion-exchange column (600 ml, IR 120, H+-form).
Then, it is washed with 2 1 of water, and the acidic eluate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 70 ml of methanol and added in drops in 900 ml of diethyl ether;
the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, rewashed several times with diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 14.4 g (58% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 41.25 H 5.60 N 11.45 I 20.76 Fnd.: C 41.20 H 5.48 N 11.51 I 20.59 fj 2,4,6-Triiodo-1,3,5-tris-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]aminoethoxymethyl}benzene 12.7 g (6.9 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-1,3,5-tris-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]aminoethoxymethyl}benzene is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 7.4 g (44% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.9%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.94 H 4.08 N 9.15 I 16.57 Gd 20.54 Fnd.: C 33.21 H 4.12 N 9.17 I 16.35 Gd 20.31 Example 14 a) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetylamino)-acetylamino]-isophthalic acid dichloride 14.5 ml (200 mmol) of thionyl chloride is added in drops at 0°C within 1 hour to a solution of 34.2 g (200 mmol) of glycine trifluoroacetate in 200 ml of dimethylacetamide. Then, 23.8 g (40 mmol) of 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid dichloride (DE 2943777, Schering AG, (priority: 10/26/79)) is added at 0°C and stirred for 4 days at room temperature. The reaction mixture is poured into 5 liters of ice water, and the solid that accumulates is filtered off. For further purification, the filter residue is dissolved in 1000 ml of ethyl acetate, shaken out twice with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, the organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, and the solvent is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
Yield: 29.3 g (97% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 19.25 H 0.54 N 3.74 Fnd.: C 19.39 H 0.57 N 3.72 b) 5-(2-Aminoacetylamino)-N,N bis-(2-aminoethyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid amide A solution of 10 g (13.3 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetylamino)-acetylamino]-isophthalic acid dichloride in 100 ml of tetrahydrofuran is added in drops to 26.7 ml (399 mmol) of ethylenediamine over 1 hour at room temperature, and it is stirred for 14 more hours. The solid that accumulates is filtered off, rewashed with ethanol, taken up in 100 ml of water, and the pH is set at 8.0 with 1 M
lithium hydroxide solution. After concentration by evaporation in a vacuum, it is recrystallized from ethanol.
Yield: 6.4 g (68% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 24.02 H 2.74 N 12.01 I 54.38 Fnd.: C 24.276 H 2.79 N 11.98 I 54.25 c) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3,6-diaza-1,4,7-trioxo-8-methyloctane-1,8-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})aminoiso-phthalic acid-N,N bis-(3,6-diaza-4,7-dioxo-8-methyloctane-1,8-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})amide 9.6 g (15.2 mmol) of the Gd complex of 10-[4-carboxy-2-oxo-3-aza-1-methylbutyl]1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (WO 98/24775, Schering AG, (Example 1 )) is suspended in 100 ml of DMSO and mixed with 1.96 g ( 17 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide and 3.3 g (16 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and preactivated for 1 hour. Then, it is mixed with 2.4 g (3.4 mmol) of 5-(2-aminoacetylamino)-N,N bis-(2-aminoethyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid amide and stirred for 3 days at room temperature under nitrogen. Insoluble components are filtered out, and the solution is poured into 1000 ml of acetone. The solid that accumulates in this case is filtered off and washed in portions with 300 ml of acetone and with 100 ml of diethyl ether. The residue is taken up in 200 ml of water and absorptively precipitated for 2 hours with 30 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) and filtered off.
Then, it is absorptively precipitated for 2 hours with 10 .g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form), filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation to 100 ml. To remove the residual dimethyl sulfoxide, the solution is poured into 1000 ml of acetone, and the precipitate that accumulates is filtered off. The residue is dissolved in 250 ml of water, the conductivity is set at a value of 0.005 mS (pH = 7.0) with a little ion exchanger (H-form and OH-form), it is filtered off and concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
Yield: 5.7 g (62% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.7%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 33.64 H 4.09 N 11.60 I 15.02 Gd 18.61 Fnd.: C 33.77 H 4.13 N 11.54 I 15.00 Gd 18.53 Example 1~
a) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3,6-diaza-1,4,7-trioxooctane-1,8-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})aminoiso-phthalic acid-N,N-bis-(3,6-diaza-4,7-dioxooctane-1,8-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})amide 9.4 g (15.2 mmol) of the Gd complex of 10-[4-carboxy-2-oxo-3-azabutyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (WO 98/24775, Schering AG, (Example 11)) is suspended in 100 ml of DMSO and mixed with 1.96 g (17 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide and 3.3 g (16 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and preactivated for 1 hour. Then, it is mixed with 2.4 g (3.4 mmol) of 5-(2-aminoacetylamino)-N,N bis-(2-aminoethyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid amide, and it is stirred for 3 days at room temperature under nitrogen. Insoluble components are filtered out, and the solution is poured into 1000 ml of acetone. The solid that accumulates in this case is filtered off and washed in portions with 300 ml of acetone and with 100 ml of diethyl ether. The residue is taken up in 200 ml of water and absorptively precipitated for 2 hours with 30 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) and filtered off. Then, it is absorptively precipitated for 2 hours with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form), filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation to 100 ml. To remove the residual dimethyl sulfoxide, the solution is poured into 1000 ml of acetone, and the precipitate that accumulates is filtered off. The residue is dissolved in 250 ml of water, the conductivity is set at a value of 0.005 mS (pH = 7.0) with a little ion exchanger (H-form and OH-form), it is filtered off and concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
Yield: 6.1 g (67% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.4%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.76 H 3.92 N 11.80 I 15.27 Gd 18.92 Fnd.: C 32.91 H 3.98 N 11.81 I 15.11 Gd 18.67 Example 16 a) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})aminoisophthalic acid-N, N-bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl- { 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )amide 44.6 g (70.6 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbony1~10-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane, 21 ml (164 mmol) of triethylamine, 14.6 g (70.5 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 8.1 g (70.5 mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide are added to a suspension of 16.5 g (23.5 mmol) of 5-(2-aminoacetylamino)-N,N bis-(2-aminoethyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid amide in 446 ml DMF, and it is stirred for 20 hours at room temperature. Insoluble components are filtered out, and it is evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 500 ml each of water. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 30.5 g (51 % of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 54.76 H 5.27 N 9.91 I 14.96 Fnd.: C 54.99 H 5.35 N 9.87 I 14.65 b) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclo-dodecanyl]})aminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] })amide 20 g (7.9 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbony1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})aminoisophthalic acid-N,N
bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}~
1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododecanyl]})amide is carefully mixed at 0-5°C [with] 140 ml of HBr/AcOH (33%) and stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. Then, the reaction mixture is poured into 800 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, and it is rewashed several times with diethyl ether. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and 100 ml of dichloromethane while being stirred vigorously, and 32% NaOH
solution is added until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 50 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate, and it is evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 10.1 g (96% of theory) of a colorless solid s6 Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 39.53 H 5.96 N 18.86 I 28.48 Fnd.: C 39.44 H 5.99 N 18.91 I 28.51 c) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})aminoisophthalic acid-N,N-bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )amide 18.0 g (13.5 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})aminoisophthalic acid-N,N-bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})amide is dissolved in 75 ml of water, 19.5 g (206.5 mmol) of chloroacetic acid is added, and a pH of 9.5 is set at 60°C with 32% NaOH. It is heated for 10 hours to 70°C, whereby the pH of the reaction mixture is readjusted continuously to 9.5. After cooling to room temperature, the pH is set at 1 with concentrated HCI, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum.
The residue is absorptively precipitated with 250 ml of methanol, insoluble components are filtered out, and the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and added to an ion-exchange column (600 ml, IR 120, H+-form).
Then, it is washed with 2 1 of water, and the acidic eluate is concentrated by evaporation.
The residue is dissolved in 70 ml of methanol and added in drops to 900 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, rewashed several times with diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 15.3 g (61% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.05 H 5.26 N 13.56 I 20.65 Fnd.: C 40.22 H 5.29 N 13.49 I 20.56 d) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})aminoiso-phthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})amide 12.8 g (6.9 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})aminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododecanyl]})amide is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia:
10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 8.3 g (48% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.9%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.07 H 3.82 N 10.86 I 16.40 Gd 20.32 Fnd.: C 32.21 H 3.85 N 10.89 I 16.25 Gd 20.19 Example 17 a) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxo-5-methylpentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]~)aminoisophthalic acid-N, N-bis-(3-aza-5-methyl-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl- { 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )amide 45.7 g (70.6 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-10-(1-carboxyethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane, 21 ml (164 mmol) oftriethylamine, 14.6 g (70.5 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 8.1 g (70.5 mmol) of N hydroxysuccinimide are added to a suspension of 16.5 g (23.5 mmol) of 5-(2-aminoacetylamino)-N,N bis-(2-aminoethyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid amide in 446 ml DMF, and it is stirred for 20 hours at room temperature. Insoluble components are filtered out, and it is evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 500 ml each of water. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 28.6 g (47% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 55.27 H 5.42 N 9.75 I 14.72 Fnd.: C 55.34 H 5.44 N 9.79 I 14.65 b) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxo-5-methylpentane-l,~-diyl-}10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})aminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-{3-aza-5-methyl-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})amide 20 g (7.7 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxo-5-methylpentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] }
)aminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-5-methyl-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})amide is carefully mixed at 0-5°C [with] 140 ml of HBr/AcOH (33%) and stirred for 3 hours at room temperature.
Then, the reaction mixture is poured into 800 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off and rewashed several times with diethyl ether.
The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and 100 ml of dichloromethane while being stirred vigorously, and 32% NaOH solution is added until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 50 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 10.2 g (96% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.94 H 6.21 N 18.28 I 27.61 Fnd.: C 41.13 H 6.17 N 18.32 I 27.47 c) 2,4.6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxo-5-methylpentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})aminoisophthalic acid-N,N
bis-(3-aza-5-methyl-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl~-1,4, 7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )amide 18.6 g (13.5 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxo-5-methylpentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})aminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-5-methyl-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})amide is dissolved in 75 ml of water, 19.5 g (206.5 mmol) of chloroacetic acid is added, and the pH is set at 9.5 at 60°C with 32% NaOH. It is heated for 10 hours to 70°C, whereby the pH of the reaction mixture is readjusted continuously to 9.5. After cooling to room temperature, a pH of 1 is set with concentrated HCI, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum. The residue is absorptively precipitated with 250 ml of methanol, insoluble components are filtered out, and the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and added to an ion-exchange column (600 ml, IR 120, H+-form). Then, it is washed with 2 1 of water, and the acidic eluate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 70 ml of methanol and added in drops in 900 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, rewashed several times with diethyl ether, and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 14.1 g (55%) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 41.06 H 5.46 N 13.26 I 20.02 Fnd.: C 41.34 H 5.52 N 13.31 I 19.69 d) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxo-5-methylpentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})aminoiso-phthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-5-methyl-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})amide 13.1 g (6.9 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxo-5-methylpentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] }
)aminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-5-methyl-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl~
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})amide is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, a pH of 7.4 is set with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol/
ammonia: 10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA
67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 7.6 g (44% of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.3%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 33.02 H 4.01 N 10.66 I 16.10 Gd 19.96 Fnd.: C 33.34 H 4.08 N 10.62 I 16.01 Gd 19.82 Example d8 a) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-{methyl[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetylamino)-acetyl]amino}-isophthalic acid dichloride 14.5 ml (200 mmol) of thionyl chloride is added in drops at 0°C within 1 hour to a solution of 34.2 g (200 mmol) of glycine trifluoroacetate in 200 ml of dimethylacetamide. Then, 24.4 g (40 mmol) of 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid dichloride (EP 0033426, Sovak, 1/80 US) is added at 0°C, and it is stirred for 4 days at room temperature. The reaction mixture is poured into 5 liters of ice water, and the solid that accumulates is filtered off. For further purification, the filter residue is dissolved in 1000 ml of ethyl acetate, shaken out twice with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, the organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, and the solvent is concentrated by evaporation m a vacuum.
Yield: 28.7 g (94% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 20.47 H 0.79 N 3.67 Fnd.: C 20.52 H 0.77 N 3.71 b) 5-[(2-Aminoacetyl)-methylamino]-N,N bis-(2-aminoethyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid amide A solution of 10 g (13.1 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-{methyl-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetylamino)-acetyl]-amino}-isophthalic acid dichloride in 100 ml of tetrahydrofuran is added in drops to 26.7 ml (399 mmol) of ethylenediamine over 1 hour at room temperature, and it is stirred for 14 more hours. The precipitated solid is filtered off, rewashed with ethanol, taken up in 100 ml of water, and a pH of 8.0 is set with 1 M lithium hydroxide solution. After concentration by evaporation in a vacuum, it is recrystallized from ethanol.
Yield: 7.3 g (78% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 25.23 H 2.96 N 11.77 I 53.31 Fnd.: C 25.44 H 2.98 N 11.81 I 53.09 c) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )-methylaminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~
1,4,7,10-tetraazaeyclododecanyl] }amide 44.6 g (70.6 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}~10-(carboxymethyl~
1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane, 21 ml ( 164 mmol) of triethylamine, 14.6 g (70.5 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 8.1 g (70.5 mmol) of N hydroxysuccinimide are added to a suspension of 16.8 g (23.5 mmol) of 5-[(2-aminoacetyl)-methylamino]-N,N
bis-(2-aminoethyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid amide in 446 ml of DMF, and it is stirred for 20 hours at room temperature. Insoluble components are filtered out, and it is evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate, and it is extracted twice with 500 ml each of water. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1 ). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 34.9 g (58% of theory) of a colorless solid ' 94 Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 54.93 H 5.32 N 9.86 I 14.88 Fnd.: C 55.12 H 5.39 N 9.81 I 14.72 d) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclo-dodecanyl]})-methylaminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl- { 10-[ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } amide 20 g (7.8 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] }
)methylaminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]}amide is carefully mixed at 0-5°C
[with] 140 ml of HBr/AcOH (33%) and stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. Then, the reaction mixture is poured into 800 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off and rewashed several times with diethyl ether. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and 100 ml of dichloromethane while being stirred vigorously, and 32%
NaOH solution is added until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 50 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate, and it is evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 10.0 g (95% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.01 H 6.04 N 18.66 I 28.18 Fnd.: C 40.19 H 6.07 N 18.62 I 28.03 e) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )-methylaminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } amide 18.2 g (13.5 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})-methylaminoisophthalic acid-N,1V bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})-amide is dissolved in 75 ml of water, 19.5 g (206.5 mmol) of chloroacetic acid is added, and a pH of 9.5 is set at 60°C with 32% NaOH. It is heated for 10 hours to 70°C, whereby the pH of the reaction mixture is readjusted continuously to 9.5. After cooling to room temperature, a pH of 1 is set with concentrated HCI, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum. The residue is absorptively precipitated with 250 ml of methanol, insoluble components are filtered out, and the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation.
The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and added to an ion-exchange column (600 ml, IR 120, H+-form). Then, it is washed with 21 of water, and the acidic eluate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 70 ml of methanol and added in drops in 900 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, rewashed several times with diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 15.0 g (59% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.39 H 5.33 N 13.46 I 20.32 Fnd.: C 40.53 H 5.37 N 13.41 I 20.17 fj 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})-methylaminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex] })-amide 12.9 g (6.9 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(3-aza-1,4-dioxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )-methylaminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } amide is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, a pH of 7.4 is set with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia:
10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 8.7 g (51 % of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 5.8%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.39 H 3.88 N 10.79 I 16.30 Gd 20.19 Fnd.: C 32.48 H 3.91 N 10.76 I 16.21 Gd 20.08 Example 19 a) 5-[3-(2-Aminoethyl)-ureido]-N,N bis-(2-aminoethyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid amide 100 ml of a 2 M solution of phosgene in toluene is carefully added to a solution of 29.8 g (50 mmol) of 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid dichloride (DE
2943777, Schering AG, (priority: 10/26/79)) in 250 ml of dioxane, and it is heated for 24 hours to 60°C. Then, the solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum at 80°C, whereby the gases are directed through a 20% aqueous NaOH solution. The residue is dissolved in 200 ml of tetrahydrofuran and added in drops to 66.9 ml (1.0 mol) of ethylenediamine for over 1 hour at room temperature, and it is stirred for 24 more hours. The solid that accumulates is filtered off, rewashed with ethanol, taken up in 200 ml of water, and a pH
of 8.0 is set with 1 M lithium hydroxide solution. After concentration by evaporation in a vacuum, it is recrystallized from ethanol.
Yield: 19.4 g (53% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 24.71 H 3.04 N 13.45 I 52.22 Fnd.: C 24.91 H 3.09 N 13.36 I 51.97 b) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(2,5-diaza-1,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl- f 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )-aminoisophthalic acid-N,N-bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] ~ amide 44.6 g (70.6 mmol) of 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbony1~10-(carboxymethyl~
1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane, 21 ml (164 mmol) of triethylamine, 14.6 g ( 70.5 mmol) of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 8.1 g (70.5 mmol) of .N-hydroxysuccinimide are added to a suspension of 17.1 g (23.5 mmol) of 5-[3-(2-aminoethyl)-ureido]-N,N bis-(2-aminoethyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid amide in 446 ml DMF, and it is stirred for 20 hours at room temperature. Insoluble components are filtered out, and it is evaporated to the dry state. The residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethyl acetate and extracted twice with 500 ml each of water. The organic phase is dried on sodium sulfate, the solvent is evaporated to the dry state, and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent: dichloromethane/methanol 20 : 1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and concentrated by evaporation.
Yield: 32.7 g (54% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 54.61 H 5.33 N 10.24 I 14.80 Fnd.: C 54.81 H 5.35 N 10.13 I 14.72 c) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(2,5-diaza-1,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl-{10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )-aminoisophthalic acid-N,N-bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1, 5-diyl-{ 10-[ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } amide 25.7 g (10 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(2,5-diaza-1,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl-{10-[ 1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] }
~aminoisophthalic acid-N,N-bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(benzyloxycarbonyl~
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})-amide is carefully mixed at 0-5°C
[with] 140 ml of HBr/AcOH (33%) and stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. Then, the reaction mixture is poured into 800 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off and rewashed several times with diethyl ether. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and 100 ml of dichloromethane while being stirred vigorously, and 32%
NaOH solution is added until a pH of 10 is reached. The organic phase is separated, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with 50 ml each of dichloromethane, the combined organic phases are dried on magnesium sulfate and evaporated to the dry state.
Yield: 12.8 g (94% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 39.57 H 6.05 N 19.48 I 27.87 Fnd.: C 39.71 H 5.99 N 19.56 I 27.61 d) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(2,5-diaza-1,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})-aminoisophthalic acid-N,N
bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl] } )-amide 18.4 g (13.5 mmol) oft,4,6-triiodo-5-(2,5-diaza-1,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl-{10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})-aminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})-amide is dissolved in 75 ml of water, 19.5 g (206.5 mmol) of chloroacetic acid is added, and a pH of 9.5 is set at 60°C with 32% NaOH. It is heated for 10 hours to 70°C, whereby the pH of the reaction mixture is readjusted continuously to 9.5. After cooling to room temperature, a pH of 1 is set with concentrated HCI, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation in a vacuum. The residue is absorptively precipitated with 250 ml of methanol, insoluble components are filtered out, and the filtrate is concentrated by evaporation.
The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of water and added to an ion-exchange column (600 ml, IR 120, H+-form). Then, it is washed with 2 1 of water, and the acidic eluate is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in 70 ml of methanol and added in drops in 900 ml of diethyl ether; the solid that accumulates in this case is suctioned off, rewashed several times with diethyl ether, and it is dried in a vacuum.
Yield: 14.3 g (56% of theory) of a colorless solid Elementary analysis:
Cld.: C 40.07 H 5.34 N 14.09 I 20.16 Fnd.: C 40.24 H 5.31 N 13.99 I 19.98 e) 2,4,6-Triiodo-5-(2,5-diaza-1,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})-aminoiso-phthalic acid-N,N-bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{ 10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxylatomethyl}-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl, Gd complex]})-amide 13.0 g (6.9 mmol) of 2,4,6-triiodo-5-(2,5-diaza-1,6-dioxoheptane-1,7-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethy1~1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanyl]})-aminoisophthalic acid-N,N bis-(3-aza-4-oxopentane-1,5-diyl-{10-[1,4,7-tris-(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododecanyl]}amide is dissolved in 100 ml of water and acidified by adding 3 ml of acetic acid. 3.7 g (10.4 mmol) of gadolinium oxide is added, and it is refluxed for 6 hours. After complexing is completed, the pH is set at 7.4 with ammonia, and it is chromatographed on silica gel (mobile solvent:
dichloromethane/methanol/ammonia:
10/10/1). The fractions that contain the product are combined and absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IR 267 H-form) for 2 hours and filtered off, then, it is absorptively precipitated with 10 g of ion exchanger (IRA 67 OH-form) for 2 hours, filtered off, mixed with 2 g of activated carbon, heated for 2 hours to 60°C, filtered off and freeze-dried.
Yield: 7.1 g (41 % of theory) of a colorless solid Water content (Karl-Fischer): 6.3%
Elementary analysis (relative to the anhydrous substance):
Cld.: C 32.19 H 3.90 N 11.32 I 16.19 Gd 20.07 Fnd.: C 32.34 H 3.91 N 11.28 I 16.07 Gd 19.96 Pharmacological Examples CT Studies with Example 1B
By way of example, the suitability of the described compound class was examined in Example 1 B with the aid of computer tomography (CT) of rats. For the CT
studies, a Siemens Somatom CR was available. The 5-second image was prepared with a layer thickness of 2 mm and a tube voltage of 125 kV. Substance 1B was formulated as an aqueous solution at a concentration of 0.17 mol/1 (corresponds to 145 mg ( 1 +Gd)/ml.
Male Wistar rats (400 g of body weight) were scanned before (Fig. la) and after intravenous injection (Fig. 1 ) of 1 B in a dose of 0.15 mmol/kg (corresponds to 127 mg of (I+Gd)/kg).
Fig. 1 a (Baseline) b (15 sec p.i.) Despite the small size of the animal being examined, a very clear contrasting of the blood-conveying vessels (A) and the renal cortex (N) could itself be observed with the low dose of 127 mg of (I+Gd). This early phase reflects the blood perfusion of the renal cortex. As early as 15 minutes later in the parenchyma phase, the renal pelvis was contrasted, which can be attributed to a quick renal excretion of the substance (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2 CT Image of a Rat 15 Minutes after LV. Injection of IB
MRT Studies with Example 1B
The same substance (IB) was examined with the aid of magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) as a contrast medium.
The MRT studies were performed on a 1.5 T device (Siemens Symphonie with 40 mT/m gradients). 400 g Wistar rats were examined with T1-weighted image sequences (angiography TR 2.54 ms, TE 1.12 ms and a = 40° or organ visualization TR 54 ms, TE 4.8 ms and a = 40°). The angiography (MRA, Fig. 3) was from 0-60 seconds p.i., and the organ visualization (Figs. 4a and b) was prepared 15 minutes after the injection. Substance 1B was formulated as an aqueous solution at a concentration of 0.17 mol/1 (corresponds to 0.5 mol of Gd/1) and was intravenously injected in a dose of 0.03 mmol of substance or 0.1 mmol of Gd/kg.
Fig. 3 MRA 7.5 Seconds After LV. Injection of IB in Rats The MRA has an excellent ability to visualize the large arteries (aorta, femoral artery) as well as the heart.
Fig. 4 a (Baseline) b (15 min p.i.) In the whole-body image (Fig. 4b), a clear contrasting of liver (L) as well as kidneys (renal pelvis=N) can be detected. The ureter (U) could also be visualized, which also emphasized the quick renal elimination of the substance.
This combined CT and MR study demonstrates the dual uses of this new compound class. Excellent contrast enhancement was demonstrated in CT and in MR.
The clinical use of these compounds is conceivable, for example, in a high-resolution MuItiSlice CT (visualization of the coronary vessels). After that, a delayed MRT is performed to evaluate the vitality of the myocardium. To this end, a second injection of a contrast medium is not necessary.
Phantom Studies with Example 3F in Comparison to Gadovist and Iopromide The relative X-ray attenuation of Example 3F was determined at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mol/1 of substance, equivalent to 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 mol/1 of opacifying elements (Gd+iodine), compared to equimolar concentrations of iopromide and gadobutrol. To this end, a phantom was used, in which dilutions of the starting formulations (Example 3F - 0.27M, Ultravist~ 300 mg of I/ml equivalent to 0.788 mol/1 of iopromide and gadobutrol 1 mol/1) in distilled water were pipetted into well-plates (Oster 3524). A milliliter of each dilution was pipetted in each case into a well-plate, which corresponded to a height of 0.5 cm. The finish-pipetted well-plate was positioned on the horizontal patient table of the C-arm x-ray device (stenoscope D6, General Electric) in the beam path, and above it, a plastic container with a 17-cm water column was set on the well-plate to simulate soft-tissue absorption and radiation-hardening of the x-ray radiation as under in-vivo conditions.
The x-ray images were recorded in the "high pulse" modality with the DSM x-ray device stenoscope D6 (General Electric) with a cesium filter/iodine intensifier of 16 cm and a 2 mm aluminum filter with various voltages of the x-ray anode.
All images were recorded after manual selection of the anode voltage of x-ray tubes and variation of mA to optimize the image contrast in the respective anode voltage.
The images of stenoscope D6 were then transferred into an image-analyzing device (Quantimet 500+, Leica) and visualized on a scale of 256 gray-scale values. For quantitative gray-scale determination, a circular ROI (region of interest) for each well was analyzed, and the background was subtracted in the respective anode voltage.
The measured gray values of Example 3F, iopromide and gadobutrol, were applied against the respective concentration and a linear regional analysis was performed. The increase in compensating lines was calculated in this case, and the ratio of straight lines between the various contrast media was determined.
Representative x-ray images of the above-described phantom are visualized in Figure 5.
Gadobutrol OOO-O
~,~ Beispiel 3F
'''~' lopromide O O
0.05M O.tM 0.2M O.dM
.s.C , . ~.f' .s < .. . , ~~'.' .,'~.. 1,'i'. ~,~'~, ~ °
60 kV
110 kV
Figure 5: Comparison of X-ray Absorption of Example 3F, Gadobutrol and Iopromide X-ray images of the phantom at 60 and 1 I 0 kV anode voltage are recorded with the C-arm device stenoscope D6 (General Electric).
[Key to Fig. S:J
Beispiel 3F = Example 3F
The ratio between the concentrations of Example 3F, iopromide and gadobutrol was linear in all cases. The evaluation showed a significantly higher x-ray absorption of Example 3F than iopromide and gadobutrol at equimolar concentrations (Figure 5).
ca L
°' 2 _o ~ Beispiel 3F/lopromide ~ Beispiel 3F/Gadobutrol Gadobutrol/lopromid Figure 6: Relative X-ray Absorption of Example 3F in Comparison to Gadobutrol and Iopromide at Various Anode Voltages of X-Ray Tubes (Stenoscope D6, General Electric).
[Key to Fig. 6:]
Beispiel = Example Ipromid = Iopromide In the evaluation of x-ray images, Example 3F showed a 3.08 x-higher x-ray absorption than iopromide and a 3.77x-higher x-ray absorption than gadobutrol with 110 kV and equimolar concentrations. Still higher differences in the x-ray absorption of Example 3F can be expected for higher anode voltages, as they are used in modern x-ray CT-processes (helicoidal and mufti-line CT). Radiation hardening that occurs in 60 kV 65 kV 76 kV 80 kV 90 kV 110 kV
kV
addition under in-vivo conditions promotes additional elements, such as, e.g., Gd, Dy, Yb or Bi.
The phantom studies confirm that Example 3F has an excellent x-ray absorption and is suitable for use in modern DSA and CT, especially mufti-line CT.
Distribution Coefficient The distribution coefficient of Example 3F was determined in comparison to Gadovist, iopromide and iotrolan in 1-butanol and tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.6.
The contrast media were dissolved in the buffer at a final concentration of 0.1 mmol of Gd/l, and the iodine-containing contrast media were used with a starting concentration of 1 mg of I/ml.
Table 1: Distribution Coefficient of Example 3F in Comparison to Commercially Available MR- and X-Ray Contrast Media Distribution Coefficient of Substance ButanoUWater Example 3F 0.0002 0.0001 Gadobutrol 0.006 0.0007 Iopromide 0.051 0.003 Iotrolan 0.0065 ~ 0.002 The data in Table 1 confirm that Example 3F is a very hydrophilic substance with a low distribution coefficient of butanol/water and has even better values than the very well-tolerated MR-contrast medium Gadovist. In comparison to this, the commercially available iodine-containing compound iopromide has a much lower hydrophilia with up to a 255x-higher distribution coefficient of butanol/water (0.051 vs. 0.0002).
IC-50/LD-50 Correlation To determine the IC-50, the neutral red test was used in epithelial cells of the distal renal tubule. In addition, this test is very helpful fox predicting with high accuracy the LD-50 values of newly synthesized compounds.
Epithelial cell line MDCK of the renal distal renal tubule of a canine kidney (ECACC No. 85011435) was incubated from 10,000 cells/well in Alpha MEM Eagle (10% fetal bovine serum) at 37°C and 5% COZ, 95% atmospheric humidity for 20 hours with various Examples 1B, 3F and 5F. Neutral red was used as an indicator for cell viability and for measuring lysosomal integrity and employed to determine those contrast medium concentrations in which a 50% reduction of cell viability (IC-50) occurred after 24 hours.
Four independent replicates were tested for each concentration of contrast medium. The results are summarized in Table 2. Compared to the reference compound for MR contrast media, Gadovist showed a strong increase in compatibility. The latter is a reference compound in clinical practice and a contrast medium with proven excellent compatibility. The highest compatibility was found for Example 3F with 1170 ~mol of I
eq/ml.
Table 2: Comparison of IC;o Values of Different Examples According to the Invention with Gadobutrol as well as the LD;o Value to be Expected in Mice.
"Expected" LDso of ICgo Substance Mice (r2: 0.93) p,mol of I eq/ml mmol of I eq/kg Gadovist 153 32 Example 1B 930 165 Example 3F 1170 195 Example 5G 788 143
Claims (13)
1. Metal complexes of general formula I
in which Hal stands for bromine or iodine, A1 stands for the radicals ~CONR1-(CH2)n-NR2-(CO-CHZ1-NH)m-CO-CHZ2-K, ~CONR1-(CH2)p-(CONR2CH2)m-CHOH-CH2-K, ~CH2O-(CH2)p-CHOH-CH2-K, ~CH2-O-(CH2)n-NR1-(CO-CHZ1-NH)m-CO-CHZ2-K, ~CH2-NR1-CO-(CHZ1-NH-CO)m-CHZ2-K, A2 has the same meaning as A1 or, in the case that A1 has the meaning first mentioned above, can also stand for the radical ~NR1-CO-(NR1)m-(CH2)p-NR2-(CO-CHZ1-NH)m-CO-CHZ2-K, in which R1 and R2, independently of one another, mean a hydrogen atom, a C1-C2-alkyl group or a monohydroxy-C1-C2-alkyl group, Z1 and Z2, independently of one another, mean a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, n means the numbers 2-4, m means the numbers 0 or 1 and p means the numbers 1-4, K stands for a macrocyclic compound of formula I A
with X in the meaning of a hydrogen atom or a metal ion equivalent of atomic numbers 20-29, 39, 42, 44 or 57-83, provided that at least two X stand for metal ion equivalents and optionally present free carboxy groups optionally are present as salts of organic and/or inorganic bases or amino acids or amino acid amides.
in which Hal stands for bromine or iodine, A1 stands for the radicals ~CONR1-(CH2)n-NR2-(CO-CHZ1-NH)m-CO-CHZ2-K, ~CONR1-(CH2)p-(CONR2CH2)m-CHOH-CH2-K, ~CH2O-(CH2)p-CHOH-CH2-K, ~CH2-O-(CH2)n-NR1-(CO-CHZ1-NH)m-CO-CHZ2-K, ~CH2-NR1-CO-(CHZ1-NH-CO)m-CHZ2-K, A2 has the same meaning as A1 or, in the case that A1 has the meaning first mentioned above, can also stand for the radical ~NR1-CO-(NR1)m-(CH2)p-NR2-(CO-CHZ1-NH)m-CO-CHZ2-K, in which R1 and R2, independently of one another, mean a hydrogen atom, a C1-C2-alkyl group or a monohydroxy-C1-C2-alkyl group, Z1 and Z2, independently of one another, mean a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, n means the numbers 2-4, m means the numbers 0 or 1 and p means the numbers 1-4, K stands for a macrocyclic compound of formula I A
with X in the meaning of a hydrogen atom or a metal ion equivalent of atomic numbers 20-29, 39, 42, 44 or 57-83, provided that at least two X stand for metal ion equivalents and optionally present free carboxy groups optionally are present as salts of organic and/or inorganic bases or amino acids or amino acid amides.
2. Metal complexes according to claim 1, characterized in that A1 stands for a group:
-CONH(CH2)2;3NHCOCH2NHCOCH(CH3)-, -CONH(CH2)2;3NHCOCH2NHCOCH2-, -CONH(CH2)2;3NHCOCH2-, -CONH(CH2)2;3NHCOCH(CH3)-, -CONHCH2CH(OH)CH2-, -CON(CH3)CH2CH(OH)CH2-, - CH2OCH2CH(OH)CH2-, -CONHCH2CONHCH2CH(OH)CH2-, -CH2NHCOCH2-, -CH2NHCOCH(CH3)-, -CH2NHCOCH2NHCOCH2-, -CH2NHCOCH2NHCOCH(CH3)-, -CH2O(CH2)2NHCOCH2-, -CON(CH2CH2OH(CH2)2NHCOCH2-, -CH2O(CH2)2N(CH2CH2OH)COCH2-.
-CONH(CH2)2;3NHCOCH2NHCOCH(CH3)-, -CONH(CH2)2;3NHCOCH2NHCOCH2-, -CONH(CH2)2;3NHCOCH2-, -CONH(CH2)2;3NHCOCH(CH3)-, -CONHCH2CH(OH)CH2-, -CON(CH3)CH2CH(OH)CH2-, - CH2OCH2CH(OH)CH2-, -CONHCH2CONHCH2CH(OH)CH2-, -CH2NHCOCH2-, -CH2NHCOCH(CH3)-, -CH2NHCOCH2NHCOCH2-, -CH2NHCOCH2NHCOCH(CH3)-, -CH2O(CH2)2NHCOCH2-, -CON(CH2CH2OH(CH2)2NHCOCH2-, -CH2O(CH2)2N(CH2CH2OH)COCH2-.
3. Metal complexes according to claim 1, wherein A2 stands for a ~NHCOCH2NHCOCH2NHCOCH(CH3)-, ~NHCOCH2NHCOCH2NHCOCH2-, ~NHCOCH2NHCOCH2-, ~NHCOCH2NHCOCH(CH3)-, -N(CH3)COCH2NHCOCH2-, -NHCONH(CH2)2NHCONH2-, -NHCOCH2N(CH2CH2OH)COCH2-, -N(CH3)COCH2N(CH2CH2OH)COCH2-.
4. Metal complexes according to claim 1, wherein X stands for a metal ion equivalent of atomic numbers 21-29, 42, 44, or 58-70.
5. Metal complexes according to claim 4, wherein X stands for a metal ion equivalent of the ions gadolinium(III), dysprosium(III), europium(III), iron(III) or manganese(II).
6. Pharmaceutical agents that contain at least one metal complex of general formula I according to claim 1, optionally with the additives that are commonly used in galenicals.
7. Use of at least one metal complex according to claim 1 for the production of agents for x-ray diagnosis.
8. Use of at least one metal complex according to claim 4 for the production of agents for MRT diagnosis.
9. Pharmaceutical agents that each contain a metal complex according to claims 1 and 4 in a molar ratio of 2000:1 to 1:1, preferably 49:1 to 4:1.
10. Pharmaceutical agents according to claim 6, wherein the metal complex(es) dissolved or suspended in water or physiological salt solution is (are) present at a concentration of 0.001 to 1 mol/l.
11. Use of at least one metal complex according to claim 1 for the production of agents for x-ray diagnosis and MR diagnosis of cerebral infarctions and tumors of the liver or space-occupying processes in the liver as well as tumors of the abdomen (including the kidneys) and the muscle-skeleton system and especially advantageously, the compounds can be used for the visualization of blood vessels after intraarterial and also intravenous injection.
12. Process for the production of the metal complexes of general formula I
according to claim 1, wherein a) a triiodo- or tribromoaromatic compound of general formula II
is reacted in a way that is known in the art with a macrocyclic compound of general formula III
in which C x O stands for a ~COOH- or activated carboxyl group, W stands for a protective group or a ~CH2COOX' group with X' in the meaning of X or a protective group and ~Y1-NR1-CO-B1- stands for the radical A1 in the meaning of ~CO-NR1-(CH2)n-NR2-(CO-CHZ1-NH)m-CO-CHZ2- or ~CH2-O-(CH2)n-NR1-(CO-CHZ1-NH)m-CO-CHZ2- and Y2-NR1-CO-B1 for Y1-NR1-CO-B1 or for the case that Y1-NR1-CO-B1 has the meaning first mentioned above, the latter also stands for ~NR1-CO-(NR1)m(CH2)p-NR2-(CO-CHZ1-NH)m-CO-CHZ2-, whereby B1 means the radical on the first or second (viewed from K) carbonyl group between ~CO- and K, and Y1 or stands for the deficient radical of the linker group that is reduced by one imino group, and then optionally protective group W is removed and the radical CH2COOX is introduced in a way that is known in the art or the protective group that optionally stands for X' is removed and then reacted in a way that is known in the art with a metal oxide or metal salt of an element of atomic numbers 20-29, 39, 42, 44 or 57-83 or b) a triiodo- or tribromoaromatic compound of general formula IV
is reacted in a way that is known in the art with a macrocyclic compound of general in which ~C x O and X' have the above-mentioned meaning and ~CO-NR1-Y3 stands for radical A1 in the meaning of ~CONR1-(CH2)p-(CONR2CH2)m-CH(OH)CH2- and thus Y3 is in the meaning of ~NR1-(CH2)p-(CONR2CH2)m-CH(OH)CH2-, and then the protective group that optionally stands for X'is removed and then is reacted in a way that is known in the art with a metal oxide or metal salt of an element of atomic numbers 20-29, 39, 42, 44 or 57-83 or c) a triiodo- or tribromoaromatic compound of general formula VI
in which A1 stands for a radical is reacted in a way that is known in the art with a cyclene of general formula VII
in which W' stands for a hydrogen atom or a protective group, after the optionally present protective groups have been removed and then radical ~CH2COOX has been introduced in a way that is known in the art, to form a metal complex of general formula I with A1 in the meaning of radical ~CH2-O-(CH2)p-CHOH-CH2- or d) a triiodo- or tribromoaromatic compound of general formula VIII
in which nucleofuge stands for a nucleofuge group, is reacted in a way that is known in the art with a macrocyclic compound of general in which R1 and W have the above-mentioned meanings, and B2 stands for the radical ~(CHZ1-NHCO)m-CHZ2- and then is further processed as indicated under a), such that metal complexes of general formula I are obtained with A1 in the meaning of radical ~CH2-NR1-CO-(CHZ1-NHCO)m-CHZ2, whereby then optionally in the metal complexes, obtained according to a)-d), of general formula I, still present acid hydrogen atoms are substituted by cations of inorganic or organic bases, amino acids or amino acid amides.
according to claim 1, wherein a) a triiodo- or tribromoaromatic compound of general formula II
is reacted in a way that is known in the art with a macrocyclic compound of general formula III
in which C x O stands for a ~COOH- or activated carboxyl group, W stands for a protective group or a ~CH2COOX' group with X' in the meaning of X or a protective group and ~Y1-NR1-CO-B1- stands for the radical A1 in the meaning of ~CO-NR1-(CH2)n-NR2-(CO-CHZ1-NH)m-CO-CHZ2- or ~CH2-O-(CH2)n-NR1-(CO-CHZ1-NH)m-CO-CHZ2- and Y2-NR1-CO-B1 for Y1-NR1-CO-B1 or for the case that Y1-NR1-CO-B1 has the meaning first mentioned above, the latter also stands for ~NR1-CO-(NR1)m(CH2)p-NR2-(CO-CHZ1-NH)m-CO-CHZ2-, whereby B1 means the radical on the first or second (viewed from K) carbonyl group between ~CO- and K, and Y1 or stands for the deficient radical of the linker group that is reduced by one imino group, and then optionally protective group W is removed and the radical CH2COOX is introduced in a way that is known in the art or the protective group that optionally stands for X' is removed and then reacted in a way that is known in the art with a metal oxide or metal salt of an element of atomic numbers 20-29, 39, 42, 44 or 57-83 or b) a triiodo- or tribromoaromatic compound of general formula IV
is reacted in a way that is known in the art with a macrocyclic compound of general in which ~C x O and X' have the above-mentioned meaning and ~CO-NR1-Y3 stands for radical A1 in the meaning of ~CONR1-(CH2)p-(CONR2CH2)m-CH(OH)CH2- and thus Y3 is in the meaning of ~NR1-(CH2)p-(CONR2CH2)m-CH(OH)CH2-, and then the protective group that optionally stands for X'is removed and then is reacted in a way that is known in the art with a metal oxide or metal salt of an element of atomic numbers 20-29, 39, 42, 44 or 57-83 or c) a triiodo- or tribromoaromatic compound of general formula VI
in which A1 stands for a radical is reacted in a way that is known in the art with a cyclene of general formula VII
in which W' stands for a hydrogen atom or a protective group, after the optionally present protective groups have been removed and then radical ~CH2COOX has been introduced in a way that is known in the art, to form a metal complex of general formula I with A1 in the meaning of radical ~CH2-O-(CH2)p-CHOH-CH2- or d) a triiodo- or tribromoaromatic compound of general formula VIII
in which nucleofuge stands for a nucleofuge group, is reacted in a way that is known in the art with a macrocyclic compound of general in which R1 and W have the above-mentioned meanings, and B2 stands for the radical ~(CHZ1-NHCO)m-CHZ2- and then is further processed as indicated under a), such that metal complexes of general formula I are obtained with A1 in the meaning of radical ~CH2-NR1-CO-(CHZ1-NHCO)m-CHZ2, whereby then optionally in the metal complexes, obtained according to a)-d), of general formula I, still present acid hydrogen atoms are substituted by cations of inorganic or organic bases, amino acids or amino acid amides.
13. Process for the production of the pharmaceutical agents according to claim 6, wherein the complex compound that is dissolved or suspended in water or physiological salt solution, optionally with the additives that are commonly used in galenicals, is brought into a suitable form for enteral or parenteral administration.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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DE10307759.6 | 2003-02-19 | ||
DE10307759A DE10307759B3 (en) | 2003-02-19 | 2003-02-19 | Trimers of macrocyclically substituted benzene derivatives, their production and use as contrast media and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
PCT/EP2003/014149 WO2004074267A1 (en) | 2003-02-19 | 2003-12-12 | Trimeric macrocyclically substituted benzene derivatives |
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CA002516467A Abandoned CA2516467A1 (en) | 2003-02-19 | 2003-12-12 | Trimeric macrocyclically substituted benzene derivatives |
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EP (1) | EP1594851A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2006514664A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20050105474A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1753878A (en) |
AR (1) | AR043205A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003290032B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0318125A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2516467A1 (en) |
CR (1) | CR7937A (en) |
DE (1) | DE10307759B3 (en) |
EC (1) | ECSP056026A (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA05008781A (en) |
NO (1) | NO20054291L (en) |
RU (1) | RU2005128834A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004074267A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200507437B (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8513279B2 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2013-08-20 | Almirall, S.A. | Quinuclidine derivatives and medicinal compositions containing the same |
US9254262B2 (en) | 2008-03-13 | 2016-02-09 | Almirall, S.A. | Dosage and formulation |
US9737520B2 (en) | 2011-04-15 | 2017-08-22 | Almirall, S.A. | Aclidinium for use in improving the quality of sleep in respiratory patients |
US10085974B2 (en) | 2008-03-13 | 2018-10-02 | Almirall, S.A. | Dosage and formulation |
Families Citing this family (12)
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DE102004023093B3 (en) * | 2004-05-05 | 2006-03-02 | Schering Ag | Trimere macrocyclic substituted halogen-benzene derivatives |
DE102004026103A1 (en) * | 2004-05-25 | 2005-12-22 | Schering Ag | Trimere macrocyclic substituted aminoisophthalic acid-halogenated benzene derivatives |
ES2257152B1 (en) * | 2004-05-31 | 2007-07-01 | Laboratorios Almirall S.A. | COMBINATIONS THAT INCLUDE ANTIMUSCARINIC AGENTS AND BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS. |
DE102007058220A1 (en) | 2007-12-03 | 2009-06-04 | Bayer Schering Pharma Aktiengesellschaft | New metal complexes useful e.g. for manufacturing agent for X-ray diagnostics and magnetic resonance tomography-diagnostics of brain infarcts and liver tumor, and/or space-process in liver and abdomen tumors and musculoskeletal tumors |
WO2012027727A2 (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2012-03-01 | Kunyuan Cui | Lipomacrocycles and uses thereof |
CN104672259B (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2017-04-05 | 湖北大学 | A kind of rare-earth europium containing iodine (III) complex and its preparation method and application |
CN104721844B (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2017-11-03 | 湖北大学 | A kind of new CT, MRI, the functional microsphere of rare-earth fluorescent three and its preparation method and application |
EP3101012A1 (en) | 2015-06-04 | 2016-12-07 | Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft | New gadolinium chelate compounds for use in magnetic resonance imaging |
CN105254529B (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2017-05-31 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of preparation method of tree-like schiff bases corrosion inhibiter |
KR102464647B1 (en) | 2016-11-28 | 2022-11-08 | 바이엘 파마 악티엔게젤샤프트 | High Relaxation Gadolinium Chelate Compounds for Use in Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
CN107445911B (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2019-07-05 | 南京科技职业学院 | Two core mr contrast agents containing gadolinium of one kind and its preparation and application |
CN113164628A (en) | 2018-11-23 | 2021-07-23 | 拜耳股份有限公司 | Contrast medium preparation and preparation method thereof |
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US5324503A (en) * | 1992-02-06 | 1994-06-28 | Mallinckrodt Medical, Inc. | Iodo-phenylated chelates for x-ray contrast |
AU6996594A (en) * | 1993-06-02 | 1994-12-20 | Bracco S.P.A. | Iodinated paramagnetic chelates, and their use as contrast agents |
FR2736051B3 (en) * | 1995-06-29 | 1997-09-26 | Guerbet Sa | METAL COMPLEXES OF POLYAMINOACIDS, THEIR PREPARATION PROCESS AND THEIR USE IN DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING |
FR2793795B1 (en) * | 1999-05-21 | 2001-08-03 | Guerbet Sa | ISOMERS OF TETRAMIDS OF THE ACID GADOLINIUM COMPLEX (1,4,7,10-TETRAZACYCLODODECANE) 1,4,7,10-TETRA (2-GLUTARIC) THEIR PREPARATION PROCESS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN MEDICAL IMAGING |
FR2794744B1 (en) * | 1999-06-09 | 2001-09-21 | Guerbet Sa | METAL COMPLEXES OF BICYCLIC POLYAMINOACIDS, THEIR PREPARATION PROCESS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN MEDICAL IMAGING |
-
2003
- 2003-02-19 DE DE10307759A patent/DE10307759B3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-12 MX MXPA05008781A patent/MXPA05008781A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-12-12 KR KR1020057015199A patent/KR20050105474A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-12-12 CN CNA2003801098702A patent/CN1753878A/en active Pending
- 2003-12-12 CA CA002516467A patent/CA2516467A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-12 BR BR0318125-1A patent/BR0318125A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-12-12 EP EP03782386A patent/EP1594851A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-12-12 JP JP2004568408A patent/JP2006514664A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-12-12 WO PCT/EP2003/014149 patent/WO2004074267A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-12-12 AU AU2003290032A patent/AU2003290032B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-12 RU RU2005128834/04A patent/RU2005128834A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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2004
- 2004-02-18 AR ARP040100490A patent/AR043205A1/en unknown
-
2005
- 2005-08-09 CR CR7937A patent/CR7937A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-09-15 ZA ZA200507437A patent/ZA200507437B/en unknown
- 2005-09-16 NO NO20054291A patent/NO20054291L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-09-19 EC EC2005006026A patent/ECSP056026A/en unknown
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US8513279B2 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2013-08-20 | Almirall, S.A. | Quinuclidine derivatives and medicinal compositions containing the same |
US8802699B2 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2014-08-12 | Almirall, S.A. | Quinuclidine derivatives and medicinal compositions containing the same |
US9056100B2 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2015-06-16 | Almirall, S.A. | Quinuclidine derivatives and medicinal compositions containing the same |
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US9687478B2 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2017-06-27 | Almirall, S.A. | Quinuclidine derivatives and medicinal compositions containing the same |
US10034867B2 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2018-07-31 | Almirall, S.A. | Quinuclidine derivatives and medicinal compositions containing the same |
US10588895B2 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2020-03-17 | Almirall, S.A. | Quinuclidine derivatives and medicinal compositions containing the same |
US9254262B2 (en) | 2008-03-13 | 2016-02-09 | Almirall, S.A. | Dosage and formulation |
US10085974B2 (en) | 2008-03-13 | 2018-10-02 | Almirall, S.A. | Dosage and formulation |
US11000517B2 (en) | 2008-03-13 | 2021-05-11 | Almirall, S.A. | Dosage and formulation |
US9737520B2 (en) | 2011-04-15 | 2017-08-22 | Almirall, S.A. | Aclidinium for use in improving the quality of sleep in respiratory patients |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ZA200507437B (en) | 2007-02-28 |
NO20054291D0 (en) | 2005-09-16 |
EP1594851A1 (en) | 2005-11-16 |
NO20054291L (en) | 2005-11-17 |
AU2003290032A1 (en) | 2004-09-09 |
WO2004074267A1 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
RU2005128834A (en) | 2006-03-20 |
DE10307759B3 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
AR043205A1 (en) | 2005-07-20 |
MXPA05008781A (en) | 2006-03-10 |
CN1753878A (en) | 2006-03-29 |
KR20050105474A (en) | 2005-11-04 |
JP2006514664A (en) | 2006-05-11 |
CR7937A (en) | 2006-02-07 |
ECSP056026A (en) | 2006-01-27 |
AU2003290032B2 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
BR0318125A (en) | 2006-02-07 |
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