CA2406910C - Process for refining animal and vegetable oil - Google Patents
Process for refining animal and vegetable oil Download PDFInfo
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- CA2406910C CA2406910C CA002406910A CA2406910A CA2406910C CA 2406910 C CA2406910 C CA 2406910C CA 002406910 A CA002406910 A CA 002406910A CA 2406910 A CA2406910 A CA 2406910A CA 2406910 C CA2406910 C CA 2406910C
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019730 animal feed additive Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000002327 glycerophospholipids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001746 carotenes Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000005473 carotenes Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- -1 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000024053 secondary metabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000019149 tocopherols Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical class OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000283216 Phocidae Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001529469 Phoca groenlandica Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004758 synthetic textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010698 whale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/10—Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/103—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides for a process for refining animal or vegetable oil.
Unprocessed oil is made up of triglycerides and other compounds such as fatty acids, mono and diglycerides formed by esterification of one or two hydroxy groups of glycerol with an organic acid, phosphoglycerides which contain at least one atom of phosphorus, molecules coming from secondary metabolisms such as steroids, tocopherols, carotenes, and sugars. The process of the present invention comprises treating the unprocessed oil with absorbent silica. The silica absorbs those compounds other than the triglycerides from the oil and absorbs little or no triglycerides. The silica is separated from the oil to produce a refined oil. The silica may then be used as an additive for animal feed.
Unprocessed oil is made up of triglycerides and other compounds such as fatty acids, mono and diglycerides formed by esterification of one or two hydroxy groups of glycerol with an organic acid, phosphoglycerides which contain at least one atom of phosphorus, molecules coming from secondary metabolisms such as steroids, tocopherols, carotenes, and sugars. The process of the present invention comprises treating the unprocessed oil with absorbent silica. The silica absorbs those compounds other than the triglycerides from the oil and absorbs little or no triglycerides. The silica is separated from the oil to produce a refined oil. The silica may then be used as an additive for animal feed.
Description
PROCESS FOR REFINING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE OIL
The field of the present invention is a process for the production of refmed edible oils using absorbent silica.
Unprocessed vegetable and animal oils consist of a mixture of substances extracted from oily plants or fatty parts of animals by mechanical means such as pressing or crushing or by physical and chemical means such as stripping or hexane extraction.
The oil mixture generally consists of triglycerides, usually from about 90-99%
by weight of the mixture. The triglycerides are formed in living organisms by esterification of three hydroxy groups with fatty acids. These are organic acids with long hydrocarbon chains which can include one or several double bonds. The oil mixture also includes other compounds, usually from 1-9 % by weight, such as fatty acids, mono and diglycerides formed by esterification of one or two hydroxy groups of glycerol with an organic acid, phosphoglycerides which contain at least one atom of phosphorus, molecules coming from secondary metabolisms such as steroids, tocopherols, carotenes, and sugars.
These other compounds are not triglyceride fatty acids and are non-saponificable. These compounds must be removed to allow the oil to be refined to a food quality standard suitable for human use.
Standard techniques to refine the oil are either a chemical or a physical type process or a combination of the two. The chemical process uses slightly acidic aqueous solutions which are put in contact with the oil mixture in a first stage, to extract in the aqueous phase substances such as phosphoglycerides and polar molecules. The oil phase is treated further with an aqueous base solution to remove free fatty acids. The acidic or alkali washing and stripping with steam or through filtration generates aqueous wastes. The oil is then filtered using clays. It may be filtered using silica. [P.J. Wan, American Oil Chemist Society, Introduction to Fats and Oil Technology 1991, pp 85-131, 137-163].
The physical refining process allows the elimination of most of the compounds other than the triglycercides. A fmishing treatment, as indicated above, may be performed on the resulting oil to give an edible oil. The finishing treatment usually incorporates clays but may use silica.
The field of the present invention is a process for the production of refmed edible oils using absorbent silica.
Unprocessed vegetable and animal oils consist of a mixture of substances extracted from oily plants or fatty parts of animals by mechanical means such as pressing or crushing or by physical and chemical means such as stripping or hexane extraction.
The oil mixture generally consists of triglycerides, usually from about 90-99%
by weight of the mixture. The triglycerides are formed in living organisms by esterification of three hydroxy groups with fatty acids. These are organic acids with long hydrocarbon chains which can include one or several double bonds. The oil mixture also includes other compounds, usually from 1-9 % by weight, such as fatty acids, mono and diglycerides formed by esterification of one or two hydroxy groups of glycerol with an organic acid, phosphoglycerides which contain at least one atom of phosphorus, molecules coming from secondary metabolisms such as steroids, tocopherols, carotenes, and sugars.
These other compounds are not triglyceride fatty acids and are non-saponificable. These compounds must be removed to allow the oil to be refined to a food quality standard suitable for human use.
Standard techniques to refine the oil are either a chemical or a physical type process or a combination of the two. The chemical process uses slightly acidic aqueous solutions which are put in contact with the oil mixture in a first stage, to extract in the aqueous phase substances such as phosphoglycerides and polar molecules. The oil phase is treated further with an aqueous base solution to remove free fatty acids. The acidic or alkali washing and stripping with steam or through filtration generates aqueous wastes. The oil is then filtered using clays. It may be filtered using silica. [P.J. Wan, American Oil Chemist Society, Introduction to Fats and Oil Technology 1991, pp 85-131, 137-163].
The physical refining process allows the elimination of most of the compounds other than the triglycercides. A fmishing treatment, as indicated above, may be performed on the resulting oil to give an edible oil. The finishing treatment usually incorporates clays but may use silica.
-2-In either situation, silica is used only in the finishing step after the unrefined oil has been treated with a chemical and/or physical treatment. [K. Carlson, Inform, American Oil Cheniist Society, vol. 4, no. 3, pp 272-275, 1993].
The industrial refining technologies generate by-products at each stage of the refining process. Wastes of little or no value are generated and discarded and a small quantity of triglycerides is lost during refming. This process gives rise to a weight loss of approximately 2-10 k between the unrefined oil and the refined oil.
There, therefore, is a need for a process to refine raw vegetable and animaI
oil which does not produce waste by-products. There is also a need to process raw vegetable and animal oils using a process which retains the triglycerides and removes the other substances without producing aqueous wastes.
The present invention provides for a process for treating animal or vegetable oil comprising the steps of treating the oil with absorbent silica; and separating the oil and silica to produce a refined oil wherein the silica absorbs little or no triglycerides from the oil.
The present invention, in one embodiment provides a process for treating substantially raw animal or vegetable oil comprising the steps of treating the oil with adsorbent silica having an average surface area between 50 and 250 m2/g; and separating the oil and silica to produce a refined oil and an animal feed additive comprising the silica which substantially adsorbs compounds from the oil other than triglycerides.
The present invention, in one embodiment, provides that the absorbent silica is precipitated silica having an average agglomerated size between 50 and 120 m.
Further, the precipitated silica may have an average surface area of between 50 and 250 m2/g.
Preferably, the silica absorbs less than 2 % of triglycerides from the oil.
The present invention also provides for a vegetable or animal oil refined by this process as well as an additive for animal feed comprising the silica used in this process.
In one embodiment of the invention, the process used to refine the oil comprises the step of treating the oil with the absorbent silica by percolating the oil through a silica bed in a column. The percolating step is preferably carried out at room temperature.
- 2a-The present invention may be better understood with reference to the embodiment shown in Figure 1 which is a schematic drawing of the process of the present invention and the equipment used to carry it out.
Absorbent silica can be used in treating unrefined oil to trap non-saponifiable compounds, mono and diglycerides, phosphoglycerides, and trace metals without using acidic or alkali washing, stripping with steam or filtration on clays. Thus, large quantities of aqueous wastes are not generated. The unrefined oil is treated with the absorbent silica and the oil is separated from the silica. The desired triglycerides remain in the oil phase and the silica is saturated with these other molecules. The saturated silica may hold back a small quantity of oil and becomes a good additive for animal feed since it has a good energy value.
Since it is these other compounds which produce the unpleasant taste and/or smell of oil particularly when using the oil in cooking, the use of the absorbent silica to trap these compounds and remove them from the oil improves the quality of the resulting refmed oil. As
The industrial refining technologies generate by-products at each stage of the refining process. Wastes of little or no value are generated and discarded and a small quantity of triglycerides is lost during refming. This process gives rise to a weight loss of approximately 2-10 k between the unrefined oil and the refined oil.
There, therefore, is a need for a process to refine raw vegetable and animaI
oil which does not produce waste by-products. There is also a need to process raw vegetable and animal oils using a process which retains the triglycerides and removes the other substances without producing aqueous wastes.
The present invention provides for a process for treating animal or vegetable oil comprising the steps of treating the oil with absorbent silica; and separating the oil and silica to produce a refined oil wherein the silica absorbs little or no triglycerides from the oil.
The present invention, in one embodiment provides a process for treating substantially raw animal or vegetable oil comprising the steps of treating the oil with adsorbent silica having an average surface area between 50 and 250 m2/g; and separating the oil and silica to produce a refined oil and an animal feed additive comprising the silica which substantially adsorbs compounds from the oil other than triglycerides.
The present invention, in one embodiment, provides that the absorbent silica is precipitated silica having an average agglomerated size between 50 and 120 m.
Further, the precipitated silica may have an average surface area of between 50 and 250 m2/g.
Preferably, the silica absorbs less than 2 % of triglycerides from the oil.
The present invention also provides for a vegetable or animal oil refined by this process as well as an additive for animal feed comprising the silica used in this process.
In one embodiment of the invention, the process used to refine the oil comprises the step of treating the oil with the absorbent silica by percolating the oil through a silica bed in a column. The percolating step is preferably carried out at room temperature.
- 2a-The present invention may be better understood with reference to the embodiment shown in Figure 1 which is a schematic drawing of the process of the present invention and the equipment used to carry it out.
Absorbent silica can be used in treating unrefined oil to trap non-saponifiable compounds, mono and diglycerides, phosphoglycerides, and trace metals without using acidic or alkali washing, stripping with steam or filtration on clays. Thus, large quantities of aqueous wastes are not generated. The unrefined oil is treated with the absorbent silica and the oil is separated from the silica. The desired triglycerides remain in the oil phase and the silica is saturated with these other molecules. The saturated silica may hold back a small quantity of oil and becomes a good additive for animal feed since it has a good energy value.
Since it is these other compounds which produce the unpleasant taste and/or smell of oil particularly when using the oil in cooking, the use of the absorbent silica to trap these compounds and remove them from the oil improves the quality of the resulting refmed oil. As
-3-well, this technology does not produce waste by-products. The resulting saturated silica which is removed from the oil can be reused as an additive for animal feed. The process is easy to use, clean, and does not require a large factory or significant investment in equipment.
The unrefmed oil used in the process may be vegetable oil taken from fruits such as palm or olive oil or oils from seeds such as soya, rapeseed or sunflower oil. It may also be animal oils such as seal oil, whale oil, or fish oil.
Preferably, the silica used to refme the oil has an agglomerate size of between about 50 and about 120 m and a surface area of between 50 and about 250 m2/g.
This size and surface area is most efficient for the fixation of compounds in the.oil mixture other than the triglycerides to produce a refined oil.
The refmed oil may be separated from the silica by filtration or percolation.
The resulting saturated silica which is separated from the oil may be used as an additive in animal feed without the need for further treatment.
This refining process is water-free and consequently does not generate aqueous water polluted effluents. The quantity of silica used is directly linked to the quality of the oil and the quantity of compounds other than triglycerides which are found in the unrefined oil.
In the separation step using percolation, silica is arranged on the bottom of a column and the oil is percolated on it under pressure. Saturation of the silica is detectable when the white silica turns to a brownish colour. The saturated silica is then removed from the column and may be used as an animal feed additive. The amount of silica required will depend upon the quality and characteristics of the unrefined oil. Generally, 1 kg of silica will refme 10-15 kg of unrefmed oil.
The following examples are meant to be illustrative of preferred embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Variations of the invention will be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art and may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. These variations are intended to be within the scope of the present invention. The only limitations to the scope of the present invention are set out in the appended claims.
The unrefmed oil used in the process may be vegetable oil taken from fruits such as palm or olive oil or oils from seeds such as soya, rapeseed or sunflower oil. It may also be animal oils such as seal oil, whale oil, or fish oil.
Preferably, the silica used to refme the oil has an agglomerate size of between about 50 and about 120 m and a surface area of between 50 and about 250 m2/g.
This size and surface area is most efficient for the fixation of compounds in the.oil mixture other than the triglycerides to produce a refined oil.
The refmed oil may be separated from the silica by filtration or percolation.
The resulting saturated silica which is separated from the oil may be used as an additive in animal feed without the need for further treatment.
This refining process is water-free and consequently does not generate aqueous water polluted effluents. The quantity of silica used is directly linked to the quality of the oil and the quantity of compounds other than triglycerides which are found in the unrefined oil.
In the separation step using percolation, silica is arranged on the bottom of a column and the oil is percolated on it under pressure. Saturation of the silica is detectable when the white silica turns to a brownish colour. The saturated silica is then removed from the column and may be used as an animal feed additive. The amount of silica required will depend upon the quality and characteristics of the unrefined oil. Generally, 1 kg of silica will refme 10-15 kg of unrefmed oil.
The following examples are meant to be illustrative of preferred embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Variations of the invention will be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art and may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. These variations are intended to be within the scope of the present invention. The only limitations to the scope of the present invention are set out in the appended claims.
4 PCT/CAOO/00028 We put in a glass column (1) (diameter: 0.04m, height: 0.8m), 0.04 kg of absorbent silica (2) (average size of agglomerates: 60 m, average surface area: 100 mZ/g) retained by a cellulose filter (3) put on a metallic framework (4).
The soya oil stored in the container (5) has been obtained with a hexane extraction of soya seeds. The average value of the acidity of the raw oil expressed in %
of weight of oleic acid is of 1.2 %.
0.3 kg of oil is then placed in the column (1) at room temperature with a device included in a pump and a flood gate (7). A pressure of 16 p.s.i. is applied with a compressor (7) fitted with a flood gate (8) after closing the flood gate (6).
The average value of 0.7 1/h is measured for the flow rate.
The saturation of the silica is obtained for an addition of 0.2 kg of raw oil.
The refined oil has an acidity expressed in % weight of oleic acid lower than 0.1 %
which allows its use in human feeding.
The saturated silica is removed from the column and directly used as an additive animal feeding.
We put in a glass column (1) (diameter: 0.04m, height: 0.8m) 0.04 kilo of absorbent silica (2) (average size of agglomerate 100 m, average surface area: 190 m2/g) retained by a cellulose filter (3) put on a metallic framework (4). The sunflower oil stored in the container (5) has been obtained with a hexane extraction of dehulled seeds. The average value of the acidity of the raw oil expressed in % of weight of oleic acid is 1.1 %.
0.3 kg of oil is then placed in the column (1) at room temperature with a device including a pump and a flood gate (7). A pressure of 16 p.s.i. is applied with a compressor (7) fitted with a flood gate (8) after closing the flood gate (6). The average value of 1.8 1/h is measured for the flow rate.
The saturation of silica is obtained after another addition of 0.25 kg of raw sunflower oil.
The refined oil has an acidity expressed in % weight of oleic acid lower than 0.1 %
which allows its use in human feeding.
The soya oil stored in the container (5) has been obtained with a hexane extraction of soya seeds. The average value of the acidity of the raw oil expressed in %
of weight of oleic acid is of 1.2 %.
0.3 kg of oil is then placed in the column (1) at room temperature with a device included in a pump and a flood gate (7). A pressure of 16 p.s.i. is applied with a compressor (7) fitted with a flood gate (8) after closing the flood gate (6).
The average value of 0.7 1/h is measured for the flow rate.
The saturation of the silica is obtained for an addition of 0.2 kg of raw oil.
The refined oil has an acidity expressed in % weight of oleic acid lower than 0.1 %
which allows its use in human feeding.
The saturated silica is removed from the column and directly used as an additive animal feeding.
We put in a glass column (1) (diameter: 0.04m, height: 0.8m) 0.04 kilo of absorbent silica (2) (average size of agglomerate 100 m, average surface area: 190 m2/g) retained by a cellulose filter (3) put on a metallic framework (4). The sunflower oil stored in the container (5) has been obtained with a hexane extraction of dehulled seeds. The average value of the acidity of the raw oil expressed in % of weight of oleic acid is 1.1 %.
0.3 kg of oil is then placed in the column (1) at room temperature with a device including a pump and a flood gate (7). A pressure of 16 p.s.i. is applied with a compressor (7) fitted with a flood gate (8) after closing the flood gate (6). The average value of 1.8 1/h is measured for the flow rate.
The saturation of silica is obtained after another addition of 0.25 kg of raw sunflower oil.
The refined oil has an acidity expressed in % weight of oleic acid lower than 0.1 %
which allows its use in human feeding.
-5-The saturated silica is removed from the column and directly used as an additive for animal feeding.
We put in a polyvinylchloride (P. V. C.) Column (1) (diameter: 0.5 m, height:
0.8 m) fitted with a window in plexiglass (width: 0.04 m, height: 0.7 m), 5 kilos of absorbent silica (2) (average size of agglomerates: 100 m, average surface area: 190 m2/g) retained by a synthetic textile filter (3) put on a metallic framework (4).
The seal oil stored in the container (5) has been extracted from the blubbers of harp seals. The average value of the acidity expressed in % of weight of oleic acid is of 1.4%.
30 kg of oil is then placed in the column (1) at room temperature with a device including a pump and a flood gate (7).
A pressure of 12 p.s.i. is applied with a compressor (7) fitted with a flood gate (8) after closing the flood gate (6). The average value of 3.8 1/h is measured for the flood rate.
The saturation of silica is obtained after another addition of 27 kg of raw seal oil.
The refined oil has an acidity expressed in % weight of oleic acid lower than 0.1 %
which allows its use in human feeding.
The saturated silica is removed from the column and directly used as an additive for animal feeding.
We put (scheme no. 1) in a polyvinylchloride (P. V. C. ) Column (1) (diameter:
0.5 m, height: 0.8 m) fitted with a window of plexiglass (width: 0.04 m, height: 0.7 m), 5 kilos of absorbent silica (2) (average size of agglomerates: 100 m average surface area:
190 m2/g) retained by a cellulose filter (3) put on a metallic framework (4).
The seal oil stored in the container (5) has been extracted from the blubbers of harp seals. The average value of the acidity expressed in % of weight of oleic acid is of 0.9%.
30 kg of oil are then placed in the column (1) at room temperature with a device
We put in a polyvinylchloride (P. V. C.) Column (1) (diameter: 0.5 m, height:
0.8 m) fitted with a window in plexiglass (width: 0.04 m, height: 0.7 m), 5 kilos of absorbent silica (2) (average size of agglomerates: 100 m, average surface area: 190 m2/g) retained by a synthetic textile filter (3) put on a metallic framework (4).
The seal oil stored in the container (5) has been extracted from the blubbers of harp seals. The average value of the acidity expressed in % of weight of oleic acid is of 1.4%.
30 kg of oil is then placed in the column (1) at room temperature with a device including a pump and a flood gate (7).
A pressure of 12 p.s.i. is applied with a compressor (7) fitted with a flood gate (8) after closing the flood gate (6). The average value of 3.8 1/h is measured for the flood rate.
The saturation of silica is obtained after another addition of 27 kg of raw seal oil.
The refined oil has an acidity expressed in % weight of oleic acid lower than 0.1 %
which allows its use in human feeding.
The saturated silica is removed from the column and directly used as an additive for animal feeding.
We put (scheme no. 1) in a polyvinylchloride (P. V. C. ) Column (1) (diameter:
0.5 m, height: 0.8 m) fitted with a window of plexiglass (width: 0.04 m, height: 0.7 m), 5 kilos of absorbent silica (2) (average size of agglomerates: 100 m average surface area:
190 m2/g) retained by a cellulose filter (3) put on a metallic framework (4).
The seal oil stored in the container (5) has been extracted from the blubbers of harp seals. The average value of the acidity expressed in % of weight of oleic acid is of 0.9%.
30 kg of oil are then placed in the column (1) at room temperature with a device
-6-including a pump and a flood gate (7).
A pressure of 12 p.s.i. is applied with a compressor (7) fitted with a flood gate after closing the flood gate (6). The average value of 4.2 1/h is measured for the flood rate.
The saturation of the silica is obtained after another addition of 35 kg of raw seal oil.
The refmed oil has an acidity expressed in % weight of oleic acid lower than 0.1 %
which allows its use in human feeding.
The saturated silica is removed from the column and directly used as an additive for animal feeding.
A pressure of 12 p.s.i. is applied with a compressor (7) fitted with a flood gate after closing the flood gate (6). The average value of 4.2 1/h is measured for the flood rate.
The saturation of the silica is obtained after another addition of 35 kg of raw seal oil.
The refmed oil has an acidity expressed in % weight of oleic acid lower than 0.1 %
which allows its use in human feeding.
The saturated silica is removed from the column and directly used as an additive for animal feeding.
Claims (8)
1. A process for treating substantially raw animal or vegetable oil comprising the steps of treating the oil with adsorbent silica having an average surface area between 50 and 250 m2/g; and separating the oil and silica to produce a refined oil and an animal feed additive comprising the silica which substantially adsorbs compounds from the oil other than triglycerides.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the adsorbent silica is a precipitated silica suitable for use in animal feed.
3. The process of claim 2, wherein the precipitated silica has an average agglomerated size of between 50 and 120 µm.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the silica adsorbs less than 2% of triglycerides from the oil.
5. The process of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the step of treating the oil with the adsorbent silica comprises percolating the oil through a silica bed in a column.
6. The process of claim 5, wherein the percolating step is carried out at about room temperature (20°C).
7. The process of claim 1, wherein the vegetable oil is a fruit oil or a seed oil.
8. The process from claim 1, wherein the animal oil is oil of mammals or fish oil.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CA2000/000028 WO2001049814A1 (en) | 2000-01-05 | 2000-01-05 | Process for refining animal and vegetable oil |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2406910A1 CA2406910A1 (en) | 2001-07-12 |
| CA2406910C true CA2406910C (en) | 2010-03-09 |
Family
ID=4143032
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002406910A Expired - Fee Related CA2406910C (en) | 2000-01-05 | 2000-01-05 | Process for refining animal and vegetable oil |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1261553C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU3027900A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2406910C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001049814A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PE20070482A1 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-06-08 | Ocean Nutrition Canada Ltd | METHOD TO REMOVE AND / OR REDUCE STEROLS FROM OILS |
| CN101305752B (en) * | 2008-04-07 | 2011-09-07 | 杨晓光 | Production method of human milk fat substituted grease |
| FR2953854B1 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2012-12-28 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | METHOD FOR CONVERTING CHARGES FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES WITH PRETREATMENT OF LOADS BY HOT DEPHOSPHATION |
| CN102051262A (en) * | 2010-11-16 | 2011-05-11 | 北京林业大学 | Physical refining device for edible oil |
| CN103305340B (en) * | 2012-03-06 | 2017-12-22 | 丰益(上海)生物技术研发中心有限公司 | Reduce method, fat or oil composition and the oil product of cholesterol level in grease |
| CN104437446B (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-08-17 | 烟台海州润滑油有限公司 | A kind of oil or vegetable and animals oils refine with the renovation process of silica decoloration sand |
| GR1009852B (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-10-29 | Pinchas Or | Cold pressed olive oil having free fatty acid content |
| CN113046166A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-06-29 | 丰益(上海)生物技术研发中心有限公司 | Oil and fat composition |
| EP3858958A1 (en) * | 2020-01-28 | 2021-08-04 | Or, Pinhas | Cold pressed olive oil having free fatty acid content of less than 0.1% |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4734226A (en) * | 1986-01-28 | 1988-03-29 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Method for refining glyceride oils using acid-treated amorphous silica |
| US4629588A (en) * | 1984-12-07 | 1986-12-16 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Method for refining glyceride oils using amorphous silica |
| CA1298853C (en) * | 1986-05-14 | 1992-04-14 | William Alan Welsh | Method for treating caustic refined glyceride oils for removal of soaps and phospholipids |
| GB8823006D0 (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1988-11-09 | Unilever Plc | Process for refining glyceride oil |
| CA2239393A1 (en) * | 1998-07-09 | 2000-01-09 | Caboto Seafoods | Process for the production of refined edible oils and products for feedstuff animal industry from vegetable or animal raw oils and absorbent silicas |
-
2000
- 2000-01-05 CA CA002406910A patent/CA2406910C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-01-05 AU AU30279/00A patent/AU3027900A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-01-05 WO PCT/CA2000/000028 patent/WO2001049814A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-01-05 CN CNB008190410A patent/CN1261553C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2406910A1 (en) | 2001-07-12 |
| CN1434849A (en) | 2003-08-06 |
| WO2001049814A1 (en) | 2001-07-12 |
| CN1261553C (en) | 2006-06-28 |
| AU3027900A (en) | 2001-07-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20190107 |