CA2239393A1 - Process for the production of refined edible oils and products for feedstuff animal industry from vegetable or animal raw oils and absorbent silicas - Google Patents
Process for the production of refined edible oils and products for feedstuff animal industry from vegetable or animal raw oils and absorbent silicas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2239393A1 CA2239393A1 CA002239393A CA2239393A CA2239393A1 CA 2239393 A1 CA2239393 A1 CA 2239393A1 CA 002239393 A CA002239393 A CA 002239393A CA 2239393 A CA2239393 A CA 2239393A CA 2239393 A1 CA2239393 A1 CA 2239393A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- silica
- animal
- feedstuff
- absorbent
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/10—Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
There are numerous processes to refine vegetable or animal oils. All of these processes give by-products with little or no value and pollutant effluents.
In this invention we have found that these disadvantages can be overcome by treating directly the raw oil with absorbent silicas produced particularly by precipitation of alkali silicates with acids.
The oil is then separated from the silica saturated with the molecules other than triglycerides. The saturated silica which holds back a small amount of oil becomes a good product for feedstuff animal industry with a good energetic value.
No wastes nor effluents occur in the process.
In this invention we have found that these disadvantages can be overcome by treating directly the raw oil with absorbent silicas produced particularly by precipitation of alkali silicates with acids.
The oil is then separated from the silica saturated with the molecules other than triglycerides. The saturated silica which holds back a small amount of oil becomes a good product for feedstuff animal industry with a good energetic value.
No wastes nor effluents occur in the process.
Description
SPECIFICATION
This invention relates to a process for the production of refined edible oils and products for feedstuff animal industry from vegetable or animal raw oils and absorbent silicas.
This is understood in what comes after for raw vegetable oil as a mixture of molecules extracted from oily plants or fatty parts of animals by mechanical means (pressing, crushing ...), physical and chemical means (stripping, hexane extraction,...).
This mixture generally consists of triglycerides (90 to 99% in weight) formed in living organisms by esterification of three hydroxyles functions with fatty acids (organic acid with long hydrocarbon chain which can include one or several double bonds).
The other compounds (1 to 9%) which are present in raw vegetable and animal oils are generally free fatty acids, mono and diglycerides formed by esterfication of one or two hydroxyles functions of glycerol with an organic acid, phosphoglycerides which contain at least one atom of phosphorous, molecules coming from secondary metabolisms like steroids, tocopherols, carotenes and sugars.
The molecules which do not contain fatty acids are non-saponifiable as they cannot be transformed in soap.
These molecules must be removed to allow the refining oil to be of good standard for human use.
The food quality can be obtained with several technologies.
The processes used are of chemical or physical type or a combination of the two.
The chemical processes use slightly acidic aqueous solutions which are put in contact with oil in a first stage to extract in the aqueous phase, among others, phosphoglycerides and polar molecules. The oil phase is further treated with an aqueous akali solution to remove essentially free fatty acids.
The oil is then filtered using clays or more uncommonly using silicas to make the finishing treatment before marketing. (P.J. Wan, American Oil Chemist Society, Introduction to Fats and Oil Technology 1991, pages 85 -131 and pages 137 - 163).
The physical refining processes allow the elimination of the major part of molecules other than triglycerides.
A finishing treatment, as stated before, on clays or uncommonly on silicas can be done to give an edible oil.
In any case, the silica is used only in finishing treatment after a chemical and/or physical treatment of the raw oil. (K. Carlson, Inform, American Oil Chemist Society, Vol. 4, no. 3, pages 272 - 275, 1993).
The industrial refining technologies generate at each stage by-products and wastes of little or no value which carry away a small quantity of triglycerides which gives rise to a weight loss (5% - 10%) between the raw oil and the refined oil.
We have found that these disadvantages may be overcome by treating directly raw vegetable oil and raw animal oil with absorbent silicas.
The oil is then separated from the silica saturated with the molecules other than glycerides. The saturated silica which holds back a small quantity of oil becomes a good product for feedstuff animal industry with a good energetic value. (Figure 1 ) The invention arose from the surprising established facts of science: the absorbent silicas can trap in raw oil non-saponifiable molecules, mono and diglycerides, phosphoglycerides, metals in trace without acidic or alkali washing, stripping with steam or filtration on clays.
The refined oil is generally separated by filtration or percolation. The filtration can be made up with the saturated silica and can be used without modification as a product for feedstuff animal industry.
This refining process is water-free; consequently it does not generate aqueous water polluted effluents. The quantity of silica used is directly linked to the quantity of molecules other than triglycerides found in raw oil.
The molecules that are liable to unpleasant taste or smell of oil are trapped on the absorbent silica.
This technology does not produce any kind of waste. It is a clean technology well adapted for a small factory which does not request important investment.
The process of the invention can be implemented with oils from fruits (palm, olive ...); oils from seeds (soya, rapeseed, sunflower,...) as well as seal oil, fish oil etc.
A favorite implementation uses silica with a size of agglomerates between 50 and 120 ~m and a surface area between 50 and 250 m2/g.
In these conditions, the fixation of molecules other than triglycerides is very efficient without any disadvantage for the moving of triglycerides around and inside the silica particles.
Another favourite implementation is to arrange silica in the bottom of a column and to percolate oil on it under pressure.
The saturation of the silica is obtained when the white silica turns to brownish colour.
Depending on the quality of raw oil and of the characteristics of the silica, 1 kg of silica allows generally to refine 10 to 15 kg of oil.
The saturated silica is then removed from the column and used without any modification as a product for feedstuff animal industry.
We claimed the quality of new products for the refined oils and the products for feedstuff animal industry described below.
The invention is illustrated by the following examples:
EXAMPLE NO. 1:
We put in a glass column (1 ) (diameter: 0.04m, height: 0.8m), 0.04 kg of absorbent silica (2) (average size of agglomerates : 60 Vim, average surface area : 100 m2/g) retained by a cellulose filter (3) put on a metallic framework (4) (Figure 1 ).
The soya oil stored in the container (5) has been obtained with an hexane extraction of soya seeds. The average value of the acidity of the raw oil expressed in % of weight of oleic acid is of 1.2%.
0.3 kg of raw oil is then placed in the column (1 ) at room temperature with a device including a pump and a flood gate (7). A pressure of 16 p.s.i.
is applied with a compressor (7) fitted with a flood gate (8) after closing the flood gates (6).
The average value of 0.9 I/h is measured for the flow rate.
The saturation of the silica is obtained for an addition of 0.2 kg of soya raw o i I .
0.47 kg of refined oil (9) has an acidity expressed in % weight of oleic acid lower than 0.1 % which allows its use in human feeding.
The saturated silica (10) is removed from the column and directly used as a product for feedstuff animal industry.
EXAMPLE NO. 2:
We put in a glass column (1 ) (diameter: 0.04m, height: 0.8m) 0.04 kg of absorbent silica (2) (average size of agglomerate 100 ~.m, average surface area: 190 m2/g) retained by a cellulose filter (3) put on a metallic framework (4) (Figure 1 ). The sunflower oil stored in the container (5) was been obtained with an hexane extraction of dehulled seeds. The average value of the acidity of the raw oil expressed in % of weight of oleic acid is 1.1 %.
0.3 kg of raw oil is then place in the column (1 ) at room temperature with a device including a pump and a flood gate (7). A pressure of 16 p.s.i.
is applied with a compressor (7) fitted with a flood gate (8) after closing the flood gate (6). The average value of 1.8 I/h is measured for the flow rate.
The saturation of silica is obtained after another addition of 0.25 kg of raw sunflower oil.
0.52 kg of refined oil (9) has an acidity expressed in % weight of oleic acid lower then 0.1 % which allows its use in human feeding.
The saturated silica (10) is removed from the column and directly used as a product for feedstuff animal industry.
EXAMPLE NO. 3:
We put in a polyvinylchloride (P.V.C.) Column (1 ) (diameter: 0.5 m, height :0.8 m) fitted with a window in plexiglass (width: 0.04m, height 0.7m), g kg of absorbent silica (2) (average size of agglomerates: 100 ~,m, average surface area : 190 m 2/g) retained by a synthetic textile filter (3) put on a metallic framework (4) (Figure 1 ).
The seal oil stored in the container (5) has been extracted from the blubbers of harp seals. The average value of the acidity expressed in % of weight of oleic acid is of 1.4 %.
30 kg. of raw oil is then placed in the column (1 ) at room temperature with a device including a pump and a flood gate (7).
A pressure of 12 p.s.i. is applied with a compressor (7) fitted with a flood gate (8) after closing the flood gate (6). The average value of 3.8 I/h is measured for the flood rate.
The saturation of silica is obtained after another addition of 27 kg of raw seal oil.
53 kg of refined oil (9) has an acidity expressed in % weight of oleic acid lower than 0.1 % which allows its use in human feeding.
The saturated silica is removed from the column (10) and directly used as a product for feedstuff animal industry.
EXAMPLE NO. 4:
We put in a polyvinylchloride (P.V.C.) Column (1) (diameter: 0.5m, height: 0.8m) fitted with a window of plexiglass (width: 0.04m, height: 0.7m), 5 kg of absorbent silica (2) (average size of agglomerates: 100 ~,m average surface area: 190 m2/g) retained by a cellulose filter (3) put on a metallic framework (4) (Figure 1 ).
The seal oil stored in the container (5) has been extracted from the blubbers of harp seals. The average value of the acidity expressed in % of weight of oleic acid is of 0.9%.
35 kg of raw oil are then placed in the column (1 ) at room temperature with a device including a pump and a flood gate (7).
A pressure of 14 p.s.i. is applied with a compressor (7) fitted with a flood gate after closing the flood gate (6). The average value of 4.2 I/h is measured for the flood rate.
The saturation of the silica is obtained after another addition of 35 kg of raw seal oil.
67.5 kg of refined oil (9) has an acidity expressed in % weight of oleic acid lower than 0.1 % which allows its use in human feeding.
The saturated silica (10) is removed from the column and directly used as a product for feedstuff animal industry.
This invention relates to a process for the production of refined edible oils and products for feedstuff animal industry from vegetable or animal raw oils and absorbent silicas.
This is understood in what comes after for raw vegetable oil as a mixture of molecules extracted from oily plants or fatty parts of animals by mechanical means (pressing, crushing ...), physical and chemical means (stripping, hexane extraction,...).
This mixture generally consists of triglycerides (90 to 99% in weight) formed in living organisms by esterification of three hydroxyles functions with fatty acids (organic acid with long hydrocarbon chain which can include one or several double bonds).
The other compounds (1 to 9%) which are present in raw vegetable and animal oils are generally free fatty acids, mono and diglycerides formed by esterfication of one or two hydroxyles functions of glycerol with an organic acid, phosphoglycerides which contain at least one atom of phosphorous, molecules coming from secondary metabolisms like steroids, tocopherols, carotenes and sugars.
The molecules which do not contain fatty acids are non-saponifiable as they cannot be transformed in soap.
These molecules must be removed to allow the refining oil to be of good standard for human use.
The food quality can be obtained with several technologies.
The processes used are of chemical or physical type or a combination of the two.
The chemical processes use slightly acidic aqueous solutions which are put in contact with oil in a first stage to extract in the aqueous phase, among others, phosphoglycerides and polar molecules. The oil phase is further treated with an aqueous akali solution to remove essentially free fatty acids.
The oil is then filtered using clays or more uncommonly using silicas to make the finishing treatment before marketing. (P.J. Wan, American Oil Chemist Society, Introduction to Fats and Oil Technology 1991, pages 85 -131 and pages 137 - 163).
The physical refining processes allow the elimination of the major part of molecules other than triglycerides.
A finishing treatment, as stated before, on clays or uncommonly on silicas can be done to give an edible oil.
In any case, the silica is used only in finishing treatment after a chemical and/or physical treatment of the raw oil. (K. Carlson, Inform, American Oil Chemist Society, Vol. 4, no. 3, pages 272 - 275, 1993).
The industrial refining technologies generate at each stage by-products and wastes of little or no value which carry away a small quantity of triglycerides which gives rise to a weight loss (5% - 10%) between the raw oil and the refined oil.
We have found that these disadvantages may be overcome by treating directly raw vegetable oil and raw animal oil with absorbent silicas.
The oil is then separated from the silica saturated with the molecules other than glycerides. The saturated silica which holds back a small quantity of oil becomes a good product for feedstuff animal industry with a good energetic value. (Figure 1 ) The invention arose from the surprising established facts of science: the absorbent silicas can trap in raw oil non-saponifiable molecules, mono and diglycerides, phosphoglycerides, metals in trace without acidic or alkali washing, stripping with steam or filtration on clays.
The refined oil is generally separated by filtration or percolation. The filtration can be made up with the saturated silica and can be used without modification as a product for feedstuff animal industry.
This refining process is water-free; consequently it does not generate aqueous water polluted effluents. The quantity of silica used is directly linked to the quantity of molecules other than triglycerides found in raw oil.
The molecules that are liable to unpleasant taste or smell of oil are trapped on the absorbent silica.
This technology does not produce any kind of waste. It is a clean technology well adapted for a small factory which does not request important investment.
The process of the invention can be implemented with oils from fruits (palm, olive ...); oils from seeds (soya, rapeseed, sunflower,...) as well as seal oil, fish oil etc.
A favorite implementation uses silica with a size of agglomerates between 50 and 120 ~m and a surface area between 50 and 250 m2/g.
In these conditions, the fixation of molecules other than triglycerides is very efficient without any disadvantage for the moving of triglycerides around and inside the silica particles.
Another favourite implementation is to arrange silica in the bottom of a column and to percolate oil on it under pressure.
The saturation of the silica is obtained when the white silica turns to brownish colour.
Depending on the quality of raw oil and of the characteristics of the silica, 1 kg of silica allows generally to refine 10 to 15 kg of oil.
The saturated silica is then removed from the column and used without any modification as a product for feedstuff animal industry.
We claimed the quality of new products for the refined oils and the products for feedstuff animal industry described below.
The invention is illustrated by the following examples:
EXAMPLE NO. 1:
We put in a glass column (1 ) (diameter: 0.04m, height: 0.8m), 0.04 kg of absorbent silica (2) (average size of agglomerates : 60 Vim, average surface area : 100 m2/g) retained by a cellulose filter (3) put on a metallic framework (4) (Figure 1 ).
The soya oil stored in the container (5) has been obtained with an hexane extraction of soya seeds. The average value of the acidity of the raw oil expressed in % of weight of oleic acid is of 1.2%.
0.3 kg of raw oil is then placed in the column (1 ) at room temperature with a device including a pump and a flood gate (7). A pressure of 16 p.s.i.
is applied with a compressor (7) fitted with a flood gate (8) after closing the flood gates (6).
The average value of 0.9 I/h is measured for the flow rate.
The saturation of the silica is obtained for an addition of 0.2 kg of soya raw o i I .
0.47 kg of refined oil (9) has an acidity expressed in % weight of oleic acid lower than 0.1 % which allows its use in human feeding.
The saturated silica (10) is removed from the column and directly used as a product for feedstuff animal industry.
EXAMPLE NO. 2:
We put in a glass column (1 ) (diameter: 0.04m, height: 0.8m) 0.04 kg of absorbent silica (2) (average size of agglomerate 100 ~.m, average surface area: 190 m2/g) retained by a cellulose filter (3) put on a metallic framework (4) (Figure 1 ). The sunflower oil stored in the container (5) was been obtained with an hexane extraction of dehulled seeds. The average value of the acidity of the raw oil expressed in % of weight of oleic acid is 1.1 %.
0.3 kg of raw oil is then place in the column (1 ) at room temperature with a device including a pump and a flood gate (7). A pressure of 16 p.s.i.
is applied with a compressor (7) fitted with a flood gate (8) after closing the flood gate (6). The average value of 1.8 I/h is measured for the flow rate.
The saturation of silica is obtained after another addition of 0.25 kg of raw sunflower oil.
0.52 kg of refined oil (9) has an acidity expressed in % weight of oleic acid lower then 0.1 % which allows its use in human feeding.
The saturated silica (10) is removed from the column and directly used as a product for feedstuff animal industry.
EXAMPLE NO. 3:
We put in a polyvinylchloride (P.V.C.) Column (1 ) (diameter: 0.5 m, height :0.8 m) fitted with a window in plexiglass (width: 0.04m, height 0.7m), g kg of absorbent silica (2) (average size of agglomerates: 100 ~,m, average surface area : 190 m 2/g) retained by a synthetic textile filter (3) put on a metallic framework (4) (Figure 1 ).
The seal oil stored in the container (5) has been extracted from the blubbers of harp seals. The average value of the acidity expressed in % of weight of oleic acid is of 1.4 %.
30 kg. of raw oil is then placed in the column (1 ) at room temperature with a device including a pump and a flood gate (7).
A pressure of 12 p.s.i. is applied with a compressor (7) fitted with a flood gate (8) after closing the flood gate (6). The average value of 3.8 I/h is measured for the flood rate.
The saturation of silica is obtained after another addition of 27 kg of raw seal oil.
53 kg of refined oil (9) has an acidity expressed in % weight of oleic acid lower than 0.1 % which allows its use in human feeding.
The saturated silica is removed from the column (10) and directly used as a product for feedstuff animal industry.
EXAMPLE NO. 4:
We put in a polyvinylchloride (P.V.C.) Column (1) (diameter: 0.5m, height: 0.8m) fitted with a window of plexiglass (width: 0.04m, height: 0.7m), 5 kg of absorbent silica (2) (average size of agglomerates: 100 ~,m average surface area: 190 m2/g) retained by a cellulose filter (3) put on a metallic framework (4) (Figure 1 ).
The seal oil stored in the container (5) has been extracted from the blubbers of harp seals. The average value of the acidity expressed in % of weight of oleic acid is of 0.9%.
35 kg of raw oil are then placed in the column (1 ) at room temperature with a device including a pump and a flood gate (7).
A pressure of 14 p.s.i. is applied with a compressor (7) fitted with a flood gate after closing the flood gate (6). The average value of 4.2 I/h is measured for the flood rate.
The saturation of the silica is obtained after another addition of 35 kg of raw seal oil.
67.5 kg of refined oil (9) has an acidity expressed in % weight of oleic acid lower than 0.1 % which allows its use in human feeding.
The saturated silica (10) is removed from the column and directly used as a product for feedstuff animal industry.
Claims (12)
1. A process for treating raw vegetable oil and raw animal oil which comprises the use of absorbent silica and allows to obtain a refined vegetable oil or a refined animal oil and a product for feedstuff animal industry, compounded more particularly with the absorbent silica, the molecules retained on silica and a small quantity of triglycerides.
2. A process as defined in claim 1 in which the oil is of vegetable origin.
3. A process as defined in claim 1 in which the oil is of animal origin.
4. A process as defined in claim 1, 2 or 3 in which the absorbent silica used is a precipitated silica usable in feedstuff animal industry.
5. A process as defined in claim 1, 2 or 4 in which the oil is a fruit oil (palm, olive,...) or a seed oil (soya, rapeseed, sunflower,...).
6. A process as defined in claim 1, 3 or 4 in which the oil is a mammals oil (whale, seal,...) or a fish oil (salmon, herring, cod,...).
7. A process as defined in claim 1,2,3,4,5 or 6 in which the precipitated silica has an average agglomerate size between 50 and 120 µm.
8. A process as defined in claim 1,2,3,4,5,6 or 7 in which the precipitated silica has an average surface area between 50 and 250 m2/g.
9. A process as defined in claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8 in which the oil is percolated through a silica bed placed in a column. The progressive saturation of the silica is obtained when the white silica changes to a brownish colour.
10. A process as defined in claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 or 9 in which the percolation is realized at room temperature (20°C.)
11. A refined oil as defined in claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 or 10.
12. A product for feedstuff animal industry as defined in claim 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 or 11.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002239393A CA2239393A1 (en) | 1998-07-09 | 1998-07-09 | Process for the production of refined edible oils and products for feedstuff animal industry from vegetable or animal raw oils and absorbent silicas |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002239393A CA2239393A1 (en) | 1998-07-09 | 1998-07-09 | Process for the production of refined edible oils and products for feedstuff animal industry from vegetable or animal raw oils and absorbent silicas |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2239393A1 true CA2239393A1 (en) | 2000-01-09 |
Family
ID=29275814
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002239393A Abandoned CA2239393A1 (en) | 1998-07-09 | 1998-07-09 | Process for the production of refined edible oils and products for feedstuff animal industry from vegetable or animal raw oils and absorbent silicas |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2239393A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001049814A1 (en) * | 2000-01-05 | 2001-07-12 | Caboto Seafoods | Process for refining animal and vegetable oil |
-
1998
- 1998-07-09 CA CA002239393A patent/CA2239393A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001049814A1 (en) * | 2000-01-05 | 2001-07-12 | Caboto Seafoods | Process for refining animal and vegetable oil |
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|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |