CA2385744A1 - Decalactones, method for making, and pharmaceuticals therefrom - Google Patents
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Abstract
A novel class of decalactones with the general formula (I) and their stereoisomers is disclosed. A method for the synthesis of the decalactones of general formula (I) and the use of the decalactones in pharmaceutical compositions is also described.
Description
DECALACTONES, METHOD FOR MAKING, AND PHARMACEUTICALS THERE FROM
This application claims t:he benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.
60/289,876 filed on May 9, 2001.
Field of Invention The present invention relates to novel decalactones from marine sponges, method for making the decalactones, and synthetic derivatives thereof.
Background of the Invention The ocean represents an important source of secondary metabolites, with its indeterminate number of organisms, such as the bryozoa, mollusca and porifera species.
The potential of discovering natural products present in marine sponges and the bacteria, fungi and protists, associated with them, has been explored only to a slight extent. The diversity and structural properties of these natural products can be simulated only at great expense, with classical synthetic methods. An above average number of these natural products have biological properties which are worth following up. Accordingly, they are of interest as potential active ingredients or as novel guiding structures for the development of pharmaceuticals.
Marine sponges require an efficient defense mechanism because of their habitat.
It is therefore very likely that highly biologically active compounds can be isolated from these sponges, albeit in very low concentrations. Halichondrin, spongistatin 1, ocadaic acid as well as swinholide A are mentioned as examples of such compounds, which have been successfully isolated from sponges.
The multitude of substances present in extracts of the aforementioned marine organisms require methods for rapidly and intensively differentiating between compounds already known and those which are new. In particular, the "LC triad"
is mentioned here which represents a coupling of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy ((s. Bringmann et al., ANAL. CHEM., 1998, 70, 2805 - 2811 and G. Bringmann et al., ANAL. Ct~lvt., 1999, 71, 2678 - 2686).
This method not only permits the identification of known substances directly from the extracts, but also allows for the determination of absolute configuration of structures under suitable circumstance.
The development of tumors is a fundamental disease of higher organisms such as plants, animals and man. The generally recognized multi-step model of carcinosis assumes that due to the accumulation of several mutations in a single cell, the proliferation and differentiation behavior of the cell is changed to such an extent that, after benign intermediate stages, a malignant state with metastasis is attained.
The concept of cancer or tumor includes a syndrome with more than 200 different individual diseases. Tumor diseases can be benign or malignant. The tumors that cause the biggest impact are in the lung, the breast, the stomach, the cervix, the prostate, the head and the neck, the large intestine and rectum, the liver and the blood system. There are large differences with respect to the progression, prognosis and therapy amongst the individual diseases. More than 90 percent of the diagnosed cases relate to solid tumors which can be treated only with difficulty if at all, especially in advanced stages or when the tumor has progressed to metastasis.
The three pillars of combating cancer continue to be surgical removal, radiation and chemotherapy. To date, it has not been possible to develop pharmaceuticals which bring about unambiguous prolongations of survival times or a complete cure in the case of metastasizing solid tumors. It is therefore meaningful to discover new pharmaceuticals for fighting carcinosis.
A new way of treating cancer is the prevention of signal transduction from a cell surface receptor in the nucleus of the cell by inhibiting specific enzymes.
This biological activity can be brought about by synthetic materials and also by natural products.
This application claims t:he benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.
60/289,876 filed on May 9, 2001.
Field of Invention The present invention relates to novel decalactones from marine sponges, method for making the decalactones, and synthetic derivatives thereof.
Background of the Invention The ocean represents an important source of secondary metabolites, with its indeterminate number of organisms, such as the bryozoa, mollusca and porifera species.
The potential of discovering natural products present in marine sponges and the bacteria, fungi and protists, associated with them, has been explored only to a slight extent. The diversity and structural properties of these natural products can be simulated only at great expense, with classical synthetic methods. An above average number of these natural products have biological properties which are worth following up. Accordingly, they are of interest as potential active ingredients or as novel guiding structures for the development of pharmaceuticals.
Marine sponges require an efficient defense mechanism because of their habitat.
It is therefore very likely that highly biologically active compounds can be isolated from these sponges, albeit in very low concentrations. Halichondrin, spongistatin 1, ocadaic acid as well as swinholide A are mentioned as examples of such compounds, which have been successfully isolated from sponges.
The multitude of substances present in extracts of the aforementioned marine organisms require methods for rapidly and intensively differentiating between compounds already known and those which are new. In particular, the "LC triad"
is mentioned here which represents a coupling of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy ((s. Bringmann et al., ANAL. CHEM., 1998, 70, 2805 - 2811 and G. Bringmann et al., ANAL. Ct~lvt., 1999, 71, 2678 - 2686).
This method not only permits the identification of known substances directly from the extracts, but also allows for the determination of absolute configuration of structures under suitable circumstance.
The development of tumors is a fundamental disease of higher organisms such as plants, animals and man. The generally recognized multi-step model of carcinosis assumes that due to the accumulation of several mutations in a single cell, the proliferation and differentiation behavior of the cell is changed to such an extent that, after benign intermediate stages, a malignant state with metastasis is attained.
The concept of cancer or tumor includes a syndrome with more than 200 different individual diseases. Tumor diseases can be benign or malignant. The tumors that cause the biggest impact are in the lung, the breast, the stomach, the cervix, the prostate, the head and the neck, the large intestine and rectum, the liver and the blood system. There are large differences with respect to the progression, prognosis and therapy amongst the individual diseases. More than 90 percent of the diagnosed cases relate to solid tumors which can be treated only with difficulty if at all, especially in advanced stages or when the tumor has progressed to metastasis.
The three pillars of combating cancer continue to be surgical removal, radiation and chemotherapy. To date, it has not been possible to develop pharmaceuticals which bring about unambiguous prolongations of survival times or a complete cure in the case of metastasizing solid tumors. It is therefore meaningful to discover new pharmaceuticals for fighting carcinosis.
A new way of treating cancer is the prevention of signal transduction from a cell surface receptor in the nucleus of the cell by inhibiting specific enzymes.
This biological activity can be brought about by synthetic materials and also by natural products.
The search for new anti-infective agents is also meaningful since many diseases caused by infections are inadequately treated resulting in an increase in protozoic and fungal organisms which are resistant to pharmaceuticals commonly used at the present time.
Summary of the Invention The compounds of the present invention are denoted by general formula (I):
ORZ X Z
~/ ~I) Y
RIO ~ O CH3 Wherein Rt is hydrogen; a. linear or branched C1_6 alkyl, suitably methyl;
C1_6 alkyl which is mono- or poly-substituted by C6_~4 aryl, suitably benzyl;
linear or branched carboxy C1_I8 alkyl; linear or branched Ci_6 alkoxycarbonyl; linear or branched C1_i2 alkylcarbonyl, suitably acetyl; CZ_6 alkenyl, suitably allyl; C2_6 alkinyl, suitably ethinyl or propargyl; linear or branched cyano Cl_6 alkyl, suitably cyanomethyl;
benzyloxy; 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc); triphenylmethyl (Tr); 2-(4'-pyridyl)ethoxycarbonyl (Pyoc); or diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS) residues.
R2 is hydrogen; a linear or branched C1_6 alkyl, suitably methyl; C1_6 alkyl, which is mono- or poly-substituted by C6_,4 aryl, suitably benzyl; linear or branched carboxy Cl_ 1g alkyl; linear or branched C~_6 alkoxycarbonyl; linear or branched C1_12 alkylcarbonyl, suitably acetyl; CZ_6 alkenyl, suitably allyl; Cz_6 alkinyl, suitably ethinyl or propargyl;
linear or branched cyano C~_~ alkyl, suitably cyanomethyl; benzyloxy; 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc); triphenylmethyl (Tr); 2-(4'-pyridyl)ethoxycarbonyl (Pyoc); or diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS) residues.
X is O, S, NOH, NOR4, in which R4 is a linear or branched C1~ alkyl, suitably methyl; linear or branched C1_6 alkyl, which is mono- or poly-substituted by C6_,a aryl, suitably benzyl; linear or branched carboxy C1_1$ alkyl; linear or branched Ci-alkoxycarbonyl; and linear or branched C1_l~ alkylcarbonyl, suitably acetyl residues.
Summary of the Invention The compounds of the present invention are denoted by general formula (I):
ORZ X Z
~/ ~I) Y
RIO ~ O CH3 Wherein Rt is hydrogen; a. linear or branched C1_6 alkyl, suitably methyl;
C1_6 alkyl which is mono- or poly-substituted by C6_~4 aryl, suitably benzyl;
linear or branched carboxy C1_I8 alkyl; linear or branched Ci_6 alkoxycarbonyl; linear or branched C1_i2 alkylcarbonyl, suitably acetyl; CZ_6 alkenyl, suitably allyl; C2_6 alkinyl, suitably ethinyl or propargyl; linear or branched cyano Cl_6 alkyl, suitably cyanomethyl;
benzyloxy; 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc); triphenylmethyl (Tr); 2-(4'-pyridyl)ethoxycarbonyl (Pyoc); or diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS) residues.
R2 is hydrogen; a linear or branched C1_6 alkyl, suitably methyl; C1_6 alkyl, which is mono- or poly-substituted by C6_,4 aryl, suitably benzyl; linear or branched carboxy Cl_ 1g alkyl; linear or branched C~_6 alkoxycarbonyl; linear or branched C1_12 alkylcarbonyl, suitably acetyl; CZ_6 alkenyl, suitably allyl; Cz_6 alkinyl, suitably ethinyl or propargyl;
linear or branched cyano C~_~ alkyl, suitably cyanomethyl; benzyloxy; 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc); triphenylmethyl (Tr); 2-(4'-pyridyl)ethoxycarbonyl (Pyoc); or diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS) residues.
X is O, S, NOH, NOR4, in which R4 is a linear or branched C1~ alkyl, suitably methyl; linear or branched C1_6 alkyl, which is mono- or poly-substituted by C6_,a aryl, suitably benzyl; linear or branched carboxy C1_1$ alkyl; linear or branched Ci-alkoxycarbonyl; and linear or branched C1_l~ alkylcarbonyl, suitably acetyl residues.
YisOorS,and Z is H or OR3, in which R3 can be H; a linear or branched C1~ alkyl, suitably methyl; C1~ alkyl, which is mono- or poly-substituted by C6_la aryl, suitably benzyl;
linear or branched carboxy C1_l8 alkyl; linear or branched Ct_6 alkoxycarbonyl; linear or branched C1_12 alkylcarbonyl, suitably acetyl; Cz_6 alkenyl, suitably allyl;
CZ_6 alkinyl, suitably ethinyl or propargyl; linear or branched cyano C» alkyl, suitably cyanomethyl;
benzyloxy; 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (>~moc); triphenylmethyl (Tr); 2-(4'-pyridyl) ethoxycarbonyl (Pyoc); or diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS) residues.
When Z is H, the compounds of general formula (I) can be present as R or S
enantiomers, or a mixture of R and S enantiomers. Alternatively, when Z is not H but is otherwise defined as above, the compounds of general formula (I) can be present as (R,R), (S,S), (R,S), (S,R) stereoisomers or in the form of all possible mixtures of such stereoisomers.
When Rl and R2 represent H, X and Y are O and Z is H in general formula (I), the compound is named xestodecalactone A. When R~, RZ and R3 are H, X and Y are O, and Z is OR3 in general formula (I), the compounds are named xestodecalactone B or C, depending on the stereochemistry.
The present invention also describes methods for the synthesis of compounds denoted by general formula (I) and the use of such compounds in pharmaceutical compositions.
Detailed Description of the Invention Tt is an object of the present invention to isolate, characterize (through structure determination), synthesize, and to provide methods of using new biologically active decalactones from associated fungi of marine sponges as pharmaceuticals. The synthetic derivatives of these biologically active decalactones are also contemplated.
The compounds of the present invention are to be used as active components of pharmaceuticals. The pharmaceuticals can be used to combat diseases in man and animals.
linear or branched carboxy C1_l8 alkyl; linear or branched Ct_6 alkoxycarbonyl; linear or branched C1_12 alkylcarbonyl, suitably acetyl; Cz_6 alkenyl, suitably allyl;
CZ_6 alkinyl, suitably ethinyl or propargyl; linear or branched cyano C» alkyl, suitably cyanomethyl;
benzyloxy; 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (>~moc); triphenylmethyl (Tr); 2-(4'-pyridyl) ethoxycarbonyl (Pyoc); or diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS) residues.
When Z is H, the compounds of general formula (I) can be present as R or S
enantiomers, or a mixture of R and S enantiomers. Alternatively, when Z is not H but is otherwise defined as above, the compounds of general formula (I) can be present as (R,R), (S,S), (R,S), (S,R) stereoisomers or in the form of all possible mixtures of such stereoisomers.
When Rl and R2 represent H, X and Y are O and Z is H in general formula (I), the compound is named xestodecalactone A. When R~, RZ and R3 are H, X and Y are O, and Z is OR3 in general formula (I), the compounds are named xestodecalactone B or C, depending on the stereochemistry.
The present invention also describes methods for the synthesis of compounds denoted by general formula (I) and the use of such compounds in pharmaceutical compositions.
Detailed Description of the Invention Tt is an object of the present invention to isolate, characterize (through structure determination), synthesize, and to provide methods of using new biologically active decalactones from associated fungi of marine sponges as pharmaceuticals. The synthetic derivatives of these biologically active decalactones are also contemplated.
The compounds of the present invention are to be used as active components of pharmaceuticals. The pharmaceuticals can be used to combat diseases in man and animals.
The new decalactones of the present invention are 10-membered macrolides with a fused 1, 3-dihydroxybenzene ring. These natural products were neither synthesized nor isolated from any biological source previous to the work described in this invention. 12-Membered macrolides of the curvu.larin type have been described from terrestrial strains of Curvularia (0.C. Musgrave, J. ORG. CHEM., 1956, 4301 - 4305), Penicillium sp. (S.
Lai, Y. Shizuri, S. Yamamura, K. Kawai, Y. Tearda and H. Furukuwa, TETRAHEDRON
LETT., 1989, 2241 - 2244), Cochliobulus (E.L. Ghisalberti and C.Y. Rowland, J.
NAT.
PROD., 1993, 56, 2175 - 2177) and Alternaria (D.J. Roberson and G.A. Strobel, J. NAT.
PROD., 1985, 48, 139 - 141). Other decalactones previously isolated include those from fungi of the diplodia species (K. Wada and T. Ishida, JCS PERKIN I, 1979, 1154 - 1158) and Penicillium (S. Lai, Y. Shizuri, S. Yamamura, K. Kawai, Y. Tearda and H.
Furukuwa, TETRAHEDRON LETT., 1989, 2241 - 2244) and their action as steroid hydroxylase inhibitors described. Likewise, structurally similar lactones can be found in the pathogenic plant fungus Diplodia pinea (K. Wada and T. Ishida, JCS PERKIN
l, 1979, 1154 - 1158) and as metabolites in the insect Phora~anta synonyma (B.P. Moore and W.V. Brown, Aus'r. J. CHEM., 1976, 29, 1365 - 1369). However, the structure and properties of these decalactones differ from those of the compounds described in this invention.
The invention relates to new biologically active decalactones such as those isolated from associated fungi of marine sponges and their synthetic derivatives as pharmaceuticals. The synthesis of this class of compounds is also described.
The new compounds are denoted by general formula (I):
ORZ X Z
./
Y
R10 ,~ 0 CH3 Wherein R' is hydrogen; a linear or branched C1_6 alkyl, suitably methyl; C1-6 alkyl which is mono- or poly-substituted by C6_la aryl, suitably benzyl;
linear or branched carboxy C1_1g alkyl; linear or branched C,_6 alkoxycarbonyl; linear or branched C1_12 alkylcarbonyl, suitably acetyl; CZ_6 alkenyl, suitably allyl; Cz_6 alkinyl, suitably ethinyl or propargyl; linear or branched cyano C1_6 alkyl, suitably cyanomethyl;
benzyloxy; 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc); triphenylmethyl (Tr); 2-(4'-pyridyl)ethoxycarbonyl (Pyoc); or diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS) residues.
RZ is hydrogen; a linear or branched C~_6 alkyl, suitably methyl; C1_6 alkyl, which is mono- or poly-substituted by C6_,a aryl, suitably benzyl; linear or branched carboxy C1_ Ig alkyl; linear or branched C~_6 alkoxycarbonyl; linear or branched C1_12 alkylcarbonyl, suitably acetyl; CZ_6 alkenyl, suitably allyl; CZ_~ alkinyl, suitably ethinyl or propargyl;
linear or branched cyano C 1 _b alkyl, suitably cyanomethyl; benzyloxy; 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc); triphen.ylmethyl (Tr); 2-(4'-pyridyl)ethoxycarbonyl (Pyoc); or diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS) residues.
X is O, S, NOH, NOR4, in which R4 is a linear or branched C1_6 alkyl, suitably methyl; linear or branched CI_6 alkyl, which is mono- or poly-substituted by C6_~4 aryl, suitably benzyl; linear or branched carboxy C~_l8 alkyl; linear or branched C~_6 alkoxycarbonyl; and linear or branched C1_1~ alkylcarbonyl, suitably acetyl residues.
Y is O or S, and Z is H or OR3, in which R3 can be H; a linear or branched C1_6 alkyl, suitably methyl; C,_6 alkyl, which is mono- or poly-substituted by C6_14 aryl, suitably benzyl;
linear or branched carboxy C 1 _~ g alkyl; linear or branched C 1 _6 alkoxycarbonyl; linear or branched C1_12 alkylcarbonyl, suitably acetyl; CZ_6 alkenyl, suitably allyl;
Cz_6 alkinyl, suitably ethinyl or propargyl; linear or branched cyano C,_6 alkyl, suitably cyanomethyl;
benzyloxy; 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc); triphenylmethyl (Tr); 2-(4'-pyridyl) ethoxycarbonyl (Pyoc); or diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS) residues.
When Z is H, the compounds of general formula (I) can be present as R or S
enantiomers, or a mixture of R and S enantiomers. Alternatively, when Z is not H but is otherwise defined as above, the compounds of general formula (I) can be present as (R,R), (S,S), (R,S), (S,R) stereoisomers or in the form of all possible mixtures of such stereoisomers.
Lai, Y. Shizuri, S. Yamamura, K. Kawai, Y. Tearda and H. Furukuwa, TETRAHEDRON
LETT., 1989, 2241 - 2244), Cochliobulus (E.L. Ghisalberti and C.Y. Rowland, J.
NAT.
PROD., 1993, 56, 2175 - 2177) and Alternaria (D.J. Roberson and G.A. Strobel, J. NAT.
PROD., 1985, 48, 139 - 141). Other decalactones previously isolated include those from fungi of the diplodia species (K. Wada and T. Ishida, JCS PERKIN I, 1979, 1154 - 1158) and Penicillium (S. Lai, Y. Shizuri, S. Yamamura, K. Kawai, Y. Tearda and H.
Furukuwa, TETRAHEDRON LETT., 1989, 2241 - 2244) and their action as steroid hydroxylase inhibitors described. Likewise, structurally similar lactones can be found in the pathogenic plant fungus Diplodia pinea (K. Wada and T. Ishida, JCS PERKIN
l, 1979, 1154 - 1158) and as metabolites in the insect Phora~anta synonyma (B.P. Moore and W.V. Brown, Aus'r. J. CHEM., 1976, 29, 1365 - 1369). However, the structure and properties of these decalactones differ from those of the compounds described in this invention.
The invention relates to new biologically active decalactones such as those isolated from associated fungi of marine sponges and their synthetic derivatives as pharmaceuticals. The synthesis of this class of compounds is also described.
The new compounds are denoted by general formula (I):
ORZ X Z
./
Y
R10 ,~ 0 CH3 Wherein R' is hydrogen; a linear or branched C1_6 alkyl, suitably methyl; C1-6 alkyl which is mono- or poly-substituted by C6_la aryl, suitably benzyl;
linear or branched carboxy C1_1g alkyl; linear or branched C,_6 alkoxycarbonyl; linear or branched C1_12 alkylcarbonyl, suitably acetyl; CZ_6 alkenyl, suitably allyl; Cz_6 alkinyl, suitably ethinyl or propargyl; linear or branched cyano C1_6 alkyl, suitably cyanomethyl;
benzyloxy; 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc); triphenylmethyl (Tr); 2-(4'-pyridyl)ethoxycarbonyl (Pyoc); or diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS) residues.
RZ is hydrogen; a linear or branched C~_6 alkyl, suitably methyl; C1_6 alkyl, which is mono- or poly-substituted by C6_,a aryl, suitably benzyl; linear or branched carboxy C1_ Ig alkyl; linear or branched C~_6 alkoxycarbonyl; linear or branched C1_12 alkylcarbonyl, suitably acetyl; CZ_6 alkenyl, suitably allyl; CZ_~ alkinyl, suitably ethinyl or propargyl;
linear or branched cyano C 1 _b alkyl, suitably cyanomethyl; benzyloxy; 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc); triphen.ylmethyl (Tr); 2-(4'-pyridyl)ethoxycarbonyl (Pyoc); or diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS) residues.
X is O, S, NOH, NOR4, in which R4 is a linear or branched C1_6 alkyl, suitably methyl; linear or branched CI_6 alkyl, which is mono- or poly-substituted by C6_~4 aryl, suitably benzyl; linear or branched carboxy C~_l8 alkyl; linear or branched C~_6 alkoxycarbonyl; and linear or branched C1_1~ alkylcarbonyl, suitably acetyl residues.
Y is O or S, and Z is H or OR3, in which R3 can be H; a linear or branched C1_6 alkyl, suitably methyl; C,_6 alkyl, which is mono- or poly-substituted by C6_14 aryl, suitably benzyl;
linear or branched carboxy C 1 _~ g alkyl; linear or branched C 1 _6 alkoxycarbonyl; linear or branched C1_12 alkylcarbonyl, suitably acetyl; CZ_6 alkenyl, suitably allyl;
Cz_6 alkinyl, suitably ethinyl or propargyl; linear or branched cyano C,_6 alkyl, suitably cyanomethyl;
benzyloxy; 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc); triphenylmethyl (Tr); 2-(4'-pyridyl) ethoxycarbonyl (Pyoc); or diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS) residues.
When Z is H, the compounds of general formula (I) can be present as R or S
enantiomers, or a mixture of R and S enantiomers. Alternatively, when Z is not H but is otherwise defined as above, the compounds of general formula (I) can be present as (R,R), (S,S), (R,S), (S,R) stereoisomers or in the form of all possible mixtures of such stereoisomers.
When R1 and Rz represent Fl, X and Y are O and Z is H in general formula (I), the compound is named xestodecalactone A. When R~, RZ and R3 are H, X and Y are O, and Z is OR3 in general formula (I), the compounds are named xestodecalactone B or C, depending on the stereochemistry.
The marine sponge Xestospe~ngia exigua occurs in the Bali Sea of Indonesia.
This sponge was collected and the Penicillium sp. fungus was isolated from it. The fungus was cultured and after investigations of the extract with HPLC-MS/MS, HPLC-NMR
and HPLC-CD, new natural products were isolated from the culture broth in the form of fungal metabolites. The new compounds isolated are named xestodecalactone A, B
and C. The xestodecalactone A, B and C were converted by conventional chemical reactions into new chemical derivatives, which were previously not known.
The compounds of the present invention can be converted with conventional methods into galenic forms, which are suitable for therapeutic applications.
Suitable galenic forms of administrations are ointrr~ents, drops, tablets, capsules, suppositories, forms suitable for injection, forms suitable for nasal administration and forms suitable for inhalation. The galenic dosage forms can be used intravenously, intramuscularly, intradermally, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, rectally, topically and intravenously in the form of liposomes.
The invention further comprises a process for the synthesis of compounds of general formula (I) from a biological source. For this purpose, the Penicillium sp. fungus is isolated and cultured and compounds are isolated in a suitable manner from the culture broth and purified.
The invention further comprises a process for the synthesis of compounds of general formula (I) from known chemical precursors by conventional chemical reactions.
The invention is a meaningful combination of these reactions in accordance with the following synthesis procedure desilmated herein and in the claims as Synthesis Procedure A.
The marine sponge Xestospe~ngia exigua occurs in the Bali Sea of Indonesia.
This sponge was collected and the Penicillium sp. fungus was isolated from it. The fungus was cultured and after investigations of the extract with HPLC-MS/MS, HPLC-NMR
and HPLC-CD, new natural products were isolated from the culture broth in the form of fungal metabolites. The new compounds isolated are named xestodecalactone A, B
and C. The xestodecalactone A, B and C were converted by conventional chemical reactions into new chemical derivatives, which were previously not known.
The compounds of the present invention can be converted with conventional methods into galenic forms, which are suitable for therapeutic applications.
Suitable galenic forms of administrations are ointrr~ents, drops, tablets, capsules, suppositories, forms suitable for injection, forms suitable for nasal administration and forms suitable for inhalation. The galenic dosage forms can be used intravenously, intramuscularly, intradermally, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, rectally, topically and intravenously in the form of liposomes.
The invention further comprises a process for the synthesis of compounds of general formula (I) from a biological source. For this purpose, the Penicillium sp. fungus is isolated and cultured and compounds are isolated in a suitable manner from the culture broth and purified.
The invention further comprises a process for the synthesis of compounds of general formula (I) from known chemical precursors by conventional chemical reactions.
The invention is a meaningful combination of these reactions in accordance with the following synthesis procedure desilmated herein and in the claims as Synthesis Procedure A.
Synthesis Procedure A
ORz ORz / / Y X
Y
I
z i RZO~ ~ ORl ORz Z OMe R O a OR b /
Y
z %
p Z X O Z X OH Z X ~ R O O CH3 ''~OH ~ '. v v 'OMc: ~ !~~OMe c d e_ x OH X Z ORz X Z
ORz OOH
/ I Y / ~ Y Z
HO ~ O CH3 Rz0 ~ ~'O CH3 z i h The compounds of the prc;sent invention can be used as pharmaceuticals for combating diseases in man or animals. Such diseases include cancers and disorders of the endocrine metabolism inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, arthritis, Crohn's diseases or asthma. Moreover, the. compounds of the present invention can be used for the treatment of infectious diseases such as fungal diseases or diseases due to plasmodia or trypanosomes.
The compounds of the present invention suitably act through interactions of the endogenous proteins, cellular kinases or through hormone receptors, which affect cell metabolism or cell growth. The kinases can be receptors and enzymes of the signal transduction cascade of the cell, such as receptor tyrosine, non-receptor tyrosine and serine threonine kinases. For example, hormone receptors can be coupled to G
protein.
In addition, an interaction with proteins of the cellular cyto-skeleton is possible such as with tubulin.
It is possible that the compounds of the present invention act through a biological mechanism which was previously unknown. The compounds of the present invention can also kill microorganisms.
ORz ORz / / Y X
Y
I
z i RZO~ ~ ORl ORz Z OMe R O a OR b /
Y
z %
p Z X O Z X OH Z X ~ R O O CH3 ''~OH ~ '. v v 'OMc: ~ !~~OMe c d e_ x OH X Z ORz X Z
ORz OOH
/ I Y / ~ Y Z
HO ~ O CH3 Rz0 ~ ~'O CH3 z i h The compounds of the prc;sent invention can be used as pharmaceuticals for combating diseases in man or animals. Such diseases include cancers and disorders of the endocrine metabolism inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, arthritis, Crohn's diseases or asthma. Moreover, the. compounds of the present invention can be used for the treatment of infectious diseases such as fungal diseases or diseases due to plasmodia or trypanosomes.
The compounds of the present invention suitably act through interactions of the endogenous proteins, cellular kinases or through hormone receptors, which affect cell metabolism or cell growth. The kinases can be receptors and enzymes of the signal transduction cascade of the cell, such as receptor tyrosine, non-receptor tyrosine and serine threonine kinases. For example, hormone receptors can be coupled to G
protein.
In addition, an interaction with proteins of the cellular cyto-skeleton is possible such as with tubulin.
It is possible that the compounds of the present invention act through a biological mechanism which was previously unknown. The compounds of the present invention can also kill microorganisms.
Examples General Recovery of the Compounds of the Invention from Biological Material The compounds of the invention are obtained from the mycelia and culture filtrate of a fungus. The fungus is suitably of the Penicillium sp. strain. The compounds of the invention can also be isolated from other biological sources, especially from other strains of Penicillium.
The fungus of the Penicillium sp. occurs in association with a marine sponge Xestospongia exigua. The fungus can also occur in other marine sponges. The marine sponge Xestospongia exigua can be found in coastal waters of the island of Mengangan in the Bali Sea of Indonesia. The marine sponge Xestospongia exigua, as a source of the fungus of the Penicillium sp., can also occur in other waters. Moreover, the fungus of the Pencillium sp. can also occur in other sponges.
It is also possible to artificially grow the marine sponge containing the fungus of the Penicillium sp. in marine aquaculture.
The compounds of the invention are isolated from the culture medium of the fungus of the Penicillium sp. by known methods described below. The fungus of the Penicillium sp. can also be reproduced and artificially cultured without a sponge.
A strain of the fungus of the Pencillium sp. with the register No. HBI-3 is kept at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Clcean Research in Bremerhaven.
Method of Isolation of Fungus The fungus of the Pencillium sp. is isolated from freshly collected samples of the marine sponge Xestospongia exigua. The sponge is collected by divers. Tissue samples are obtained from a portion of the sponge and transferred to suitable culture medium.
Agar is suitably used. The incubation is carried out at temperatures between 25°C and 32°C. The medium used contains nutrients, auxiliary materials and salts, suitably malt abstract and sea salt. The culture is reproduced in the usual manner and pure strains of the Penicillium sp. are isolated by re-inoculation on the nutrient medium.
Before the extraction, the fungus is permitted to grow in a suitable medium, such as a molt broth medium. After a number of days of incubation, mycelia and culture filtrate are collected and extracted with an organic solvent. Methanol and ethyl acetate are suitably used.
Other solvents, such as ethanol, butanol, ether, n-hexane, gasoline, toluene, acetone, methylene chloride, methyl ethyl ketone and t-butyl acetate can also be used.
The combined extracts are concentrated to dryness under a vacuum. The contents of the extract are investigated with the help of HPLC-NMR-MSlMS-CD coupling. The crude product thus obtained is separated with the help of a chromatographic method.
Suitably, vacuum liquid chromatography is used, but alternative chromatographic procedures may also be employed. Silica is used as stationary phase, but other stationary phases, such as aluminum oxide or cellulose or a separation by liquid cbromotography, such as NSCC, are also suitable. A solvent gradient of two or more organic solvents, suitably methylene, chloride and methanol are used but other solvent mixtures, of the combination of 2 or 3 of the following solvents, may also be used.. ethanol, propanol, butanol, ether, n-hexane, gasoline, toluene, acetone, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, t-butyl acetate. Different fractions are collected and analyzed for their content of the compound of the invention.
Suitably, the coupling of HPLC with NMR., MS/NMR MS/MS and CD spectroscopy is used to analyze the mixture. Usually, the compounds of the invention are obtained after the lipophilic components of the abstract. After the fractions of interest axe concentrated, the crude product is purified by a chromatographic method on a suitable support material with a solvent gradient. Semi-preparative HPLC, for example, is used as chromatographic method, but purification can also be accomplished by a recrystallization from a suitable solvent or solvent mixture.
Examples of Compounds of the Invention The invention is further demonstrated by the following examples.
The fungus of the Penicillir~m sp. is isolated from freshly collected samples of the marine sponge Xestospongia exigu~a. Tissue samples are obtained from the inside of the sponge under sterile conditions and applied on malt agar slant culture. These slant cultures contain malt extract (15 glL) as well as bay salt (24.4 g/L) and are incubated at 27°C. Pure strains of Penicilliurn sp. arc; isolated from the growing culture by re-inoculation on malt agar plates. Before the extraction, the fungi are grown in a malt broth medium of 25 g malt extract and one liter of sea water. After 41 days of incubation, the mycelia and culture filtrate are collected and extracted with methanol and ethyl acetate.
The combined extracts are concentrated to dryness under vacuum. 6.31 g of crude product is obtained and chromatographed an silica gel with liquid chromatography. A
solvent gradient of methylene chloride and methanol is used. The lipophilic fractions 1 to 3 contain fatty acids and steroids, and the xestadecalactones of the present invention are collected in fractions 4 to 6. The factions are concentrated and the crude products are purified by a semi-preparative HPLC (Merck) on a Eurospher C 18 column with a methanol gradient of the following composition: 0 minutes 40% MeOH, 30 minutes 60%
MeOH, 35-40 minutes 100% MeOI~. The compounds of Examples 1 to 3 are obtained.
Example 1 xestodecalactone A
colorless powder; [a]p +28.3° (c 0.31, MeOH) EIMS (70 eV) m/z [M]+ 264 (88), [M-HZO]~~ 246 (22) Example 2 xestodecalactone B
colorless powder; [a]D +22.5° (c 0.15, MeOEI) EIMS (70 eV) m/z [M]+ 280 (38) Example 3 xestodecalactone C
colorless powder; [a]D +17.3° (c 0..3, MeOH) EIMS (70 eV) m/z [M]+ 280 (22) 't 1 Structural Identification of the Compounds of the Invention The chemical structures of the claimed compounds are confirmed by modern spectroscopic methods, which include NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and CD
spectroscopy.
Synthesis of the Decalactones of the Invention Aside from being isolated from biological material, the compounds of the present invention can also be produced by chemical synthesis from known starting materials.
The compounds may be synthesized by the process shown above in Synthesis Procedure A. The compounds are obtained as racemic mixtures. Alternatively, Compound a (infra) can also be enantioselectively synl;hesized in any configuration by a selective reducing agent and used for the synthesis of Compound f (infra). In this way, Compound i (infra) can be synthesized in any possible configurations.
Procedure Example 1 - Synthesis Procedure of xestodecalactone A
Outline of the Synthesis Procedure of xestodecalactone A:
OH OBn O
O -OBn 'OMe HO OMe Bn0 ~' OMe O
O O O O OH O Bn0 ~ O CH3 v 'OH ~ '' v v _OMe ~~OMe 3_ 4 5 OH O OBn O
OBn ~OH
O .,~-- ~ ~ O
HO O C:H,, Bn0 O CHj Bn0 O CH3 Synthesis of the acetate (Compound 2) Methyl-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl) acetate 1 (1 g, 5.6 mmoles), 7 g of potassium carbonate and 7.5 ml of benzyl chloride are heated in 20 mL of acetone until reaction is completed. Subsequently, the inorganic salts are removed by filtration through Celite and the solvent is removed under vacuum. The remaining oily residue is dissolved in 40 mL
of 2 N sodium hydroxide, refluxed for 30 minutes and the aqueous phase acidified with N sulfuric acid and extracted wil:h toluene. The organic phase is evaporated to dryness 10 and the residue is recrystallized firom ethyl acetate and petroleum ether.
1.66 g (4.7 mmoles) of 2 is obtained which represents a yield of 86%.
Reference: H. Gerlach, HELV. CHI~t. ACTH, 1977, 60, 3039 - 3044.
Synthesis of Methyl-5-hydroxyhex<~noate (C'.ompound 4) 5-Hydroxy hexanoic acid 3 (1 g, 7.69 mmoles) is dissolved in 30 mL of methanol, mixed with a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid and heated until the reaction is completed.
Subsequently, the solvent is removed under vacuum and the residue distilled under the vacuum of an oil pump. 870 m~; (6.00 mmoles) of methyl-5-hydroxyhexanoate 4 is obtained which represents a yield of 78%.
Reference: Organikum Houben-Weyl Methad of Organic Chemistry.
Synthesis of Racemic Methyl 5-Hydroxyhexanoate (Compound 5) Methyl-S-hydroxy hexanoate 4 (0.1 moles) is added at room temperature in portions, with stirring, to a solution of 0.04 moles of NaBH4 in 120 mL of isopropyl alcohol. The reaction mixture is stirred overnight which allows the reaction to run to completion. Dilute hydrochloric acrid is then added carefully until hydrogen is no longer evolved. The solution obtained is extracted 5 times with ether. The extract is dried with sodium sulfate and the solvent is distilled ofd Reference: Organikum Houben-Weyl Method of Organic Chemistry.
Synthesis of compound 6_, (analogous to F. Bracher, B. Schulte, LIEBIGS
A~./RECUE1L
1997, 1979 -1982).
(3,5)-DibenzyloxyphenylacE;tic acid (2, 2.73 g, 7.84 mmoles) and oxalyl chloride (25 mL) are stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 1 hour. The excess of oxalyl chloride is then removed by vacuum distillation. The residue is dissolved in anhydrous methylene chloride (100 mL), mhydrous potassium carbonate (19 g) and 5_ (7.84 mmoles) are added and the mixture; is stirred under nitrogen for 6 hours. The precipitate formed is removed by filtration and washed with methylene chloride. The combined filtrates are concentrated under vacuum and the residue is purified by flash chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate, 8:2). The ester _6 is obtained in this manner.
Synthesis of Compound 7, (analogous to F. Bracher, B. Schulte, LIEBIGS
Atnl./RECUE~L
1997, 1979 -1982).
The compound 6 (6.4 mmoles) is dissolved in the anhydrous triamide of hexamethylphosphoric acid (HMPA, 30 mL) and powdered sodium cyanide (0.945 g, 19.3 mmoles, dried under vacuum at 170°C) is added. The mixture is stirred for 12 hours at 75°C, cooled, treated with 2 M hydrochloric acid (100 mL, hot) and then extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). 'The combined organic phases are washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue is purified by flash chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate 8:2; then ethyl acetate/methanol 9:1 ). The desired acid 7 is obtained in this manner.
l4 Synthesis of Compound 8, (analogaus of H. Gerlach, HELV. CHIM. ACTH, 1977, 60, - 3044).
The carboxylic acid 7 (0.59 mmoles;) was dissolved in 12 mL of a 2:1 mixture of trifluoroacetic acid and trifluoroacetic anhydride and kept for 2 hours at room temperature. Subsequently, the reagent was removed under vacuum and the residue distributed between benzene and 2 N potassium bicarbonate. After the benzene layers were evaporated, the residue was recrystallized from a mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane.
Synthesis of Compound 9_, (analogous to H. Gerlach, HELV. Cmvt. ACTH, 1977, 60,3039 - 3044).
Dibenzyl ether _8 in 15 mL .of a 1:1 mixture of tetrahydrofuran and methanol was shaken with 25 mg of 10% palladium on charcoal under hydrogen. The catalyst was filtered off, the solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue was recrystallized from a mixture of methanol and benzene.
Other routes are also available for the synthesis of the compounds of the present invention.
Examples 2 and 3 - Synthesis Procedure of xestodecalactone B and C
S 3-hydroxybutyric acid methyl ester is reacted with acetic acid tert-butyl ester in the presence of lithium diisopropylamide (L:DA) to form S-5-hydroxy-3-keto-caproic acid tent-butyl esters. Reaction with NaBH4 will stereospecifically reduce the ketone to the R,S- or S,S-3,5-dihydrocaproic acid tent-butyl esters, respectively, which are then converted into the methyl esters. Protection of a hydroxy group and completion of the synthesis follows Synthesis Procedure A.
Synthesis of Derivatives Derivatives of the class of decalactones can be prepared from the new compounds isolated from the culture of the fungus of the Penicillium sp by suitable chemical reactions. These suitable chemical reactions are described in the chemical literature (Organikum, Houben-Weyl Method of Organic Chemistry). These reactions suitably are alkylation reactions, acylation reactions and benzylation of the hydroxy group in the compounds of general formula (I). The oxygen atoms of the ketone and ester carbonyl groups may be replaced, for example, by sulfur.
The derivatization of the compounds of general formula (I) is illustrated by the following Compounds.
Example 4 O-Methyl Derivative OMe O
O
Me0 \ O CH3 Example 5 O-Benzyl Derivative OBn O
O
Bn0 ' O CH3 Example 6 O-Acetyl Derivative OAc O
O
Ac0 ~ O CH3 Biological Properties of the Compounds The compounds of the present invention have interesting biological properties, which makes them suitable for use as active compounds in pharmaceuticals. In particular, the claimed compounds can be used as agents against carcinoses and as anti-infective agents. The compounds and derivatives inhibit the reproduction of certain strains of yeast, such as C. albicans and have fungicidal properties.
Testing of Biological Activity Testing the biological activity for prevention of the growth of tumor cells is accomplished with the help of conventional commercial XTT testing. For this purpose, different tumor cell lines, such as L 1210, SKOV3 and MCF-7 are used. The effect of the compounds on cell proliferation and on cell count is determined indirectly by their mitochondria) activity. This non-radioactive colorimetric assay system is based on the test system of Scudiero et al., CANCER 1ZES., 1988, 48, 4827 - 4833. The basic reaction is the mitochondria) dehydrogenation of the yellow tetrazolium salt XTT into the orange formazan dye. The dehydrogenation takes place only in the active mitochondria and thus correlates with the number of living cells. The formazan dye formed is measured spectrophotometrically at 490 nm and subsequently quantified.
The compounds are used in concentrations of 0.003 pg to 3.16 p.g per mL for the testing.
The anti-infective activity is tested by conventional and commercially available test methods.
The fungus of the Penicillium sp. occurs in association with a marine sponge Xestospongia exigua. The fungus can also occur in other marine sponges. The marine sponge Xestospongia exigua can be found in coastal waters of the island of Mengangan in the Bali Sea of Indonesia. The marine sponge Xestospongia exigua, as a source of the fungus of the Penicillium sp., can also occur in other waters. Moreover, the fungus of the Pencillium sp. can also occur in other sponges.
It is also possible to artificially grow the marine sponge containing the fungus of the Penicillium sp. in marine aquaculture.
The compounds of the invention are isolated from the culture medium of the fungus of the Penicillium sp. by known methods described below. The fungus of the Penicillium sp. can also be reproduced and artificially cultured without a sponge.
A strain of the fungus of the Pencillium sp. with the register No. HBI-3 is kept at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Clcean Research in Bremerhaven.
Method of Isolation of Fungus The fungus of the Pencillium sp. is isolated from freshly collected samples of the marine sponge Xestospongia exigua. The sponge is collected by divers. Tissue samples are obtained from a portion of the sponge and transferred to suitable culture medium.
Agar is suitably used. The incubation is carried out at temperatures between 25°C and 32°C. The medium used contains nutrients, auxiliary materials and salts, suitably malt abstract and sea salt. The culture is reproduced in the usual manner and pure strains of the Penicillium sp. are isolated by re-inoculation on the nutrient medium.
Before the extraction, the fungus is permitted to grow in a suitable medium, such as a molt broth medium. After a number of days of incubation, mycelia and culture filtrate are collected and extracted with an organic solvent. Methanol and ethyl acetate are suitably used.
Other solvents, such as ethanol, butanol, ether, n-hexane, gasoline, toluene, acetone, methylene chloride, methyl ethyl ketone and t-butyl acetate can also be used.
The combined extracts are concentrated to dryness under a vacuum. The contents of the extract are investigated with the help of HPLC-NMR-MSlMS-CD coupling. The crude product thus obtained is separated with the help of a chromatographic method.
Suitably, vacuum liquid chromatography is used, but alternative chromatographic procedures may also be employed. Silica is used as stationary phase, but other stationary phases, such as aluminum oxide or cellulose or a separation by liquid cbromotography, such as NSCC, are also suitable. A solvent gradient of two or more organic solvents, suitably methylene, chloride and methanol are used but other solvent mixtures, of the combination of 2 or 3 of the following solvents, may also be used.. ethanol, propanol, butanol, ether, n-hexane, gasoline, toluene, acetone, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, t-butyl acetate. Different fractions are collected and analyzed for their content of the compound of the invention.
Suitably, the coupling of HPLC with NMR., MS/NMR MS/MS and CD spectroscopy is used to analyze the mixture. Usually, the compounds of the invention are obtained after the lipophilic components of the abstract. After the fractions of interest axe concentrated, the crude product is purified by a chromatographic method on a suitable support material with a solvent gradient. Semi-preparative HPLC, for example, is used as chromatographic method, but purification can also be accomplished by a recrystallization from a suitable solvent or solvent mixture.
Examples of Compounds of the Invention The invention is further demonstrated by the following examples.
The fungus of the Penicillir~m sp. is isolated from freshly collected samples of the marine sponge Xestospongia exigu~a. Tissue samples are obtained from the inside of the sponge under sterile conditions and applied on malt agar slant culture. These slant cultures contain malt extract (15 glL) as well as bay salt (24.4 g/L) and are incubated at 27°C. Pure strains of Penicilliurn sp. arc; isolated from the growing culture by re-inoculation on malt agar plates. Before the extraction, the fungi are grown in a malt broth medium of 25 g malt extract and one liter of sea water. After 41 days of incubation, the mycelia and culture filtrate are collected and extracted with methanol and ethyl acetate.
The combined extracts are concentrated to dryness under vacuum. 6.31 g of crude product is obtained and chromatographed an silica gel with liquid chromatography. A
solvent gradient of methylene chloride and methanol is used. The lipophilic fractions 1 to 3 contain fatty acids and steroids, and the xestadecalactones of the present invention are collected in fractions 4 to 6. The factions are concentrated and the crude products are purified by a semi-preparative HPLC (Merck) on a Eurospher C 18 column with a methanol gradient of the following composition: 0 minutes 40% MeOH, 30 minutes 60%
MeOH, 35-40 minutes 100% MeOI~. The compounds of Examples 1 to 3 are obtained.
Example 1 xestodecalactone A
colorless powder; [a]p +28.3° (c 0.31, MeOH) EIMS (70 eV) m/z [M]+ 264 (88), [M-HZO]~~ 246 (22) Example 2 xestodecalactone B
colorless powder; [a]D +22.5° (c 0.15, MeOEI) EIMS (70 eV) m/z [M]+ 280 (38) Example 3 xestodecalactone C
colorless powder; [a]D +17.3° (c 0..3, MeOH) EIMS (70 eV) m/z [M]+ 280 (22) 't 1 Structural Identification of the Compounds of the Invention The chemical structures of the claimed compounds are confirmed by modern spectroscopic methods, which include NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and CD
spectroscopy.
Synthesis of the Decalactones of the Invention Aside from being isolated from biological material, the compounds of the present invention can also be produced by chemical synthesis from known starting materials.
The compounds may be synthesized by the process shown above in Synthesis Procedure A. The compounds are obtained as racemic mixtures. Alternatively, Compound a (infra) can also be enantioselectively synl;hesized in any configuration by a selective reducing agent and used for the synthesis of Compound f (infra). In this way, Compound i (infra) can be synthesized in any possible configurations.
Procedure Example 1 - Synthesis Procedure of xestodecalactone A
Outline of the Synthesis Procedure of xestodecalactone A:
OH OBn O
O -OBn 'OMe HO OMe Bn0 ~' OMe O
O O O O OH O Bn0 ~ O CH3 v 'OH ~ '' v v _OMe ~~OMe 3_ 4 5 OH O OBn O
OBn ~OH
O .,~-- ~ ~ O
HO O C:H,, Bn0 O CHj Bn0 O CH3 Synthesis of the acetate (Compound 2) Methyl-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl) acetate 1 (1 g, 5.6 mmoles), 7 g of potassium carbonate and 7.5 ml of benzyl chloride are heated in 20 mL of acetone until reaction is completed. Subsequently, the inorganic salts are removed by filtration through Celite and the solvent is removed under vacuum. The remaining oily residue is dissolved in 40 mL
of 2 N sodium hydroxide, refluxed for 30 minutes and the aqueous phase acidified with N sulfuric acid and extracted wil:h toluene. The organic phase is evaporated to dryness 10 and the residue is recrystallized firom ethyl acetate and petroleum ether.
1.66 g (4.7 mmoles) of 2 is obtained which represents a yield of 86%.
Reference: H. Gerlach, HELV. CHI~t. ACTH, 1977, 60, 3039 - 3044.
Synthesis of Methyl-5-hydroxyhex<~noate (C'.ompound 4) 5-Hydroxy hexanoic acid 3 (1 g, 7.69 mmoles) is dissolved in 30 mL of methanol, mixed with a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid and heated until the reaction is completed.
Subsequently, the solvent is removed under vacuum and the residue distilled under the vacuum of an oil pump. 870 m~; (6.00 mmoles) of methyl-5-hydroxyhexanoate 4 is obtained which represents a yield of 78%.
Reference: Organikum Houben-Weyl Methad of Organic Chemistry.
Synthesis of Racemic Methyl 5-Hydroxyhexanoate (Compound 5) Methyl-S-hydroxy hexanoate 4 (0.1 moles) is added at room temperature in portions, with stirring, to a solution of 0.04 moles of NaBH4 in 120 mL of isopropyl alcohol. The reaction mixture is stirred overnight which allows the reaction to run to completion. Dilute hydrochloric acrid is then added carefully until hydrogen is no longer evolved. The solution obtained is extracted 5 times with ether. The extract is dried with sodium sulfate and the solvent is distilled ofd Reference: Organikum Houben-Weyl Method of Organic Chemistry.
Synthesis of compound 6_, (analogous to F. Bracher, B. Schulte, LIEBIGS
A~./RECUE1L
1997, 1979 -1982).
(3,5)-DibenzyloxyphenylacE;tic acid (2, 2.73 g, 7.84 mmoles) and oxalyl chloride (25 mL) are stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 1 hour. The excess of oxalyl chloride is then removed by vacuum distillation. The residue is dissolved in anhydrous methylene chloride (100 mL), mhydrous potassium carbonate (19 g) and 5_ (7.84 mmoles) are added and the mixture; is stirred under nitrogen for 6 hours. The precipitate formed is removed by filtration and washed with methylene chloride. The combined filtrates are concentrated under vacuum and the residue is purified by flash chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate, 8:2). The ester _6 is obtained in this manner.
Synthesis of Compound 7, (analogous to F. Bracher, B. Schulte, LIEBIGS
Atnl./RECUE~L
1997, 1979 -1982).
The compound 6 (6.4 mmoles) is dissolved in the anhydrous triamide of hexamethylphosphoric acid (HMPA, 30 mL) and powdered sodium cyanide (0.945 g, 19.3 mmoles, dried under vacuum at 170°C) is added. The mixture is stirred for 12 hours at 75°C, cooled, treated with 2 M hydrochloric acid (100 mL, hot) and then extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). 'The combined organic phases are washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue is purified by flash chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate 8:2; then ethyl acetate/methanol 9:1 ). The desired acid 7 is obtained in this manner.
l4 Synthesis of Compound 8, (analogaus of H. Gerlach, HELV. CHIM. ACTH, 1977, 60, - 3044).
The carboxylic acid 7 (0.59 mmoles;) was dissolved in 12 mL of a 2:1 mixture of trifluoroacetic acid and trifluoroacetic anhydride and kept for 2 hours at room temperature. Subsequently, the reagent was removed under vacuum and the residue distributed between benzene and 2 N potassium bicarbonate. After the benzene layers were evaporated, the residue was recrystallized from a mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane.
Synthesis of Compound 9_, (analogous to H. Gerlach, HELV. Cmvt. ACTH, 1977, 60,3039 - 3044).
Dibenzyl ether _8 in 15 mL .of a 1:1 mixture of tetrahydrofuran and methanol was shaken with 25 mg of 10% palladium on charcoal under hydrogen. The catalyst was filtered off, the solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue was recrystallized from a mixture of methanol and benzene.
Other routes are also available for the synthesis of the compounds of the present invention.
Examples 2 and 3 - Synthesis Procedure of xestodecalactone B and C
S 3-hydroxybutyric acid methyl ester is reacted with acetic acid tert-butyl ester in the presence of lithium diisopropylamide (L:DA) to form S-5-hydroxy-3-keto-caproic acid tent-butyl esters. Reaction with NaBH4 will stereospecifically reduce the ketone to the R,S- or S,S-3,5-dihydrocaproic acid tent-butyl esters, respectively, which are then converted into the methyl esters. Protection of a hydroxy group and completion of the synthesis follows Synthesis Procedure A.
Synthesis of Derivatives Derivatives of the class of decalactones can be prepared from the new compounds isolated from the culture of the fungus of the Penicillium sp by suitable chemical reactions. These suitable chemical reactions are described in the chemical literature (Organikum, Houben-Weyl Method of Organic Chemistry). These reactions suitably are alkylation reactions, acylation reactions and benzylation of the hydroxy group in the compounds of general formula (I). The oxygen atoms of the ketone and ester carbonyl groups may be replaced, for example, by sulfur.
The derivatization of the compounds of general formula (I) is illustrated by the following Compounds.
Example 4 O-Methyl Derivative OMe O
O
Me0 \ O CH3 Example 5 O-Benzyl Derivative OBn O
O
Bn0 ' O CH3 Example 6 O-Acetyl Derivative OAc O
O
Ac0 ~ O CH3 Biological Properties of the Compounds The compounds of the present invention have interesting biological properties, which makes them suitable for use as active compounds in pharmaceuticals. In particular, the claimed compounds can be used as agents against carcinoses and as anti-infective agents. The compounds and derivatives inhibit the reproduction of certain strains of yeast, such as C. albicans and have fungicidal properties.
Testing of Biological Activity Testing the biological activity for prevention of the growth of tumor cells is accomplished with the help of conventional commercial XTT testing. For this purpose, different tumor cell lines, such as L 1210, SKOV3 and MCF-7 are used. The effect of the compounds on cell proliferation and on cell count is determined indirectly by their mitochondria) activity. This non-radioactive colorimetric assay system is based on the test system of Scudiero et al., CANCER 1ZES., 1988, 48, 4827 - 4833. The basic reaction is the mitochondria) dehydrogenation of the yellow tetrazolium salt XTT into the orange formazan dye. The dehydrogenation takes place only in the active mitochondria and thus correlates with the number of living cells. The formazan dye formed is measured spectrophotometrically at 490 nm and subsequently quantified.
The compounds are used in concentrations of 0.003 pg to 3.16 p.g per mL for the testing.
The anti-infective activity is tested by conventional and commercially available test methods.
Claims (14)
1. A compound of a general formula (I) wherein R1 is H; a linear or branched C1-6 alkyl; C1-6 alkyl which is mono -or polysubstituted by a C6-14 aryl; linear or branched carboxy C1-18 alkyl;
linear or branched C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl; linear or branched C1-12 alkylcarbonyl; C2-6 alkenyl; C2-6 alkinyl;
linear or branched cyano C1-6 alkyl; benzyloxy; 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc);
triphenylmethyl (Tr); 2-(4'pyridyl)ethoxycarbonyl (Pyoc); or diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS) residue, R2 is H; a linear or branched C1-6 alkyl; C1-6 alkyl which is mono -or polysubstituted by C6-14 aryl; linear or branched carboxy C1-18 alkyl; linear or branched C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl; linear or branched C1-12 alkylcarbonyl; C2-6 alkenyl; C2-6 alkinyl;
linear or branched cyano C1-6 alkyl; benzyloxy; 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc);
triphenylmethyl (Tr); 2-(4'-pyridyl)ethoxy-carbonyl (Pyoc); or diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS) residue, X is O, S, a NOH or NOR4 residue, wherein R4 is a linear or branched C1-6 alkyl;
C1-6 alkyl residue which is mono- or polysubstituted by C6-14 aryl; linear or branched carboxy C1-18 alkyl; linear or branched C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl; or linear or branched C1-12 alkylcarbonyl residue, Y is O or S and Z is H or OR3, wherein R3 is H, linear or branched C1-6 alkyl; C1-6 alkyl residue which is mono- or polysubstituted by C6-14 aryl; linear or branched carboxy C1-18 alkyl;
linear or branched C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl; linear or branched C1-12 alkylcarbonyl; C2-6 alkenyl; C2-6 alkinyl; linear or branched cyano C1-6 alkyl; benzyloxy; 9-fluorenyl-methoxycarbonyl (Fmoc); triphenylmethyl (Tr); 2-(4'-pyridyl) ethoxycarbonyl (Pyoc); or diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS) residue.
linear or branched C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl; linear or branched C1-12 alkylcarbonyl; C2-6 alkenyl; C2-6 alkinyl;
linear or branched cyano C1-6 alkyl; benzyloxy; 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc);
triphenylmethyl (Tr); 2-(4'pyridyl)ethoxycarbonyl (Pyoc); or diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS) residue, R2 is H; a linear or branched C1-6 alkyl; C1-6 alkyl which is mono -or polysubstituted by C6-14 aryl; linear or branched carboxy C1-18 alkyl; linear or branched C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl; linear or branched C1-12 alkylcarbonyl; C2-6 alkenyl; C2-6 alkinyl;
linear or branched cyano C1-6 alkyl; benzyloxy; 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc);
triphenylmethyl (Tr); 2-(4'-pyridyl)ethoxy-carbonyl (Pyoc); or diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS) residue, X is O, S, a NOH or NOR4 residue, wherein R4 is a linear or branched C1-6 alkyl;
C1-6 alkyl residue which is mono- or polysubstituted by C6-14 aryl; linear or branched carboxy C1-18 alkyl; linear or branched C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl; or linear or branched C1-12 alkylcarbonyl residue, Y is O or S and Z is H or OR3, wherein R3 is H, linear or branched C1-6 alkyl; C1-6 alkyl residue which is mono- or polysubstituted by C6-14 aryl; linear or branched carboxy C1-18 alkyl;
linear or branched C1-6 alkoxycarbonyl; linear or branched C1-12 alkylcarbonyl; C2-6 alkenyl; C2-6 alkinyl; linear or branched cyano C1-6 alkyl; benzyloxy; 9-fluorenyl-methoxycarbonyl (Fmoc); triphenylmethyl (Tr); 2-(4'-pyridyl) ethoxycarbonyl (Pyoc); or diphenylmethylsilyl (DPMS) residue.
2. A compound of claim 1, wherein Z is H comprising the R or S enantiomer or a mixture of R and S enantiomers.
3. A compound of claim 2, which is a racemic compound.
4. A compound of claim 1, comprising the (R,R), (S,S), (R,S), or (S,R) stereoisomers, or mixtures of the stereoisomers providing that Z is not H.
5. A compound of claim 1 wherein said linear or branched C1-6 alkyl residue is methyl, said C1-6 alkyl residue substituted by C6-14 aryl residue is benzyl, said linear or branched C1-12 alkylcarbonyl residue is acetyl, said C2-6 alkenyl residue is allyl, said C2-6 alkinyl residue is ethinyl or propargyl, and said linear or branched cyano C1-
6 alkyl residue is cyanomethyl.
6. A compound of claim 1 wherein R1, R2 and Z are each H, X and Y are each O.
6. A compound of claim 1 wherein R1, R2 and Z are each H, X and Y are each O.
7. The compound of claim 6, which is xestodecalactone A.
8. A compound of claim 1, wherein R1, R2, and R3 are all H, X and Y are both O, and Z is OR3.
9. The compound of claim 8, which is xestodecalactone B.
10. The compound of claim 8, which is xestodecalactone C.
11. A method for isolating a compound of claim 1, which comprises culturing the fungus of the Penicillium sp., extracting a culture broth of the fungus of said Penicillium sp. with an organic solvent, purifying the extract, and separating and recovering and purifying the compounds of general formula (I).
12. A method for the synthesis of the compound of claim 5 by Synthesis Procedure A.
13. A pharmaceutical composition containing as an active ingredient a compound of claim 1 as an anti-tumor agent, an anti-infective agent, a fungicide, an agent for the treatment of plasmodia, trypanosomes, carcinosis, or a disease based on the rapid division of endogenous cells.
14. A process for treating a tumor, a bacterial or a fungal infection, plasmodia, trypanosomes, carcinosis, or a disease based on the rapid division of endogenous cells, which comprises administering to a patient in need therefor a pharmaceutical composition of claim 13.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US28987601P | 2001-05-09 | 2001-05-09 | |
| US60/289,876 | 2001-05-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2385744A1 true CA2385744A1 (en) | 2002-11-09 |
Family
ID=23113502
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002385744A Abandoned CA2385744A1 (en) | 2001-05-09 | 2002-05-09 | Decalactones, method for making, and pharmaceuticals therefrom |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6872747B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2385744A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005121802A1 (en) * | 2004-06-09 | 2005-12-22 | Heinz Voigt | Protein differentiation |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004043463A1 (en) * | 2004-06-09 | 2006-02-09 | Heinz Voigt | Differentiation of proteins, for use in diagnosis of cancer, comprises separating antigens from specimen electrophoretically and reacting with antibody composition |
| UA100804C2 (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-01-25 | Валерий Александрович Гаврилов | Fungus strain penicillium roseopurpureum - producer of curvularine |
-
2002
- 2002-05-09 US US10/143,596 patent/US6872747B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-05-09 CA CA002385744A patent/CA2385744A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005121802A1 (en) * | 2004-06-09 | 2005-12-22 | Heinz Voigt | Protein differentiation |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6872747B2 (en) | 2005-03-29 |
| US20030216354A1 (en) | 2003-11-20 |
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