CA2367915A1

CA2367915A1 - Closed circuit television (cctv) camera and system

Info

Publication number: CA2367915A1
Application number: CA002367915A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Jia Hong Yin
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Central Research Laboratories Ltd
Priority date: 1999-03-16
Filing date: 2000-03-16
Publication date: 2000-09-21
Also published as: GB2352574A; CN1343423A; GB0006417D0; CN1165174C; JP2003523647A; WO2000056074A1; AU759849B2; AU3305300A; EP1161837A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a CCTV camera and system. Existing CCTV systems sometimes have many cameras which monitor offices, shops or public places. There is often a risk that a detected incident or event is not displayed at a control room at the time when the event occurs. In a preferred embodiment th e invention provides a CCTV system in which means is provided at a camera to obtain information indicative of displacement of an object in the field of view (FOV) of the camera. Processing means determines whether said informati on exceeds a predetermined threshold and if this occurs switches a monitor to receive from said camera(s). The advantage of the invention is that viewed events are displayed automatically at the instant they occur.

Description

CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION (CCTV) CAMERA AND SYSTEM
The present invention relates to a closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras and systems, and more particularly to mufti camera CCTV systems.
Such mufti camera CCTV systems may include tens or even hundreds of cameras.
Monitors are installed remote from the cameras and are usually watched by operators in a central control room or monitoring centre.
Mufti camera CCTV systems are used increasingly to improve security and safety in a myriad applications, including offices, car parks, shopping malls, on motorways, railways, and airports.
1~
Analogue images obtained by the cameras may be transferred to the monitoring centre by cable which is connected to each camera. The installation of cables may be costly, or may not be practical for some situations where, for instance, only mobile cameras can be used. In such situations CCTV systems send images via a radio frequency (RF) link.
Such RF links have limited bandwidth and therefore limit the amount of cameras which may be used in any one system.
Large amounts of data are produced from digital cameras. Data compression techniques therefore may be used in wireless (RF) CCTV monitoring systems. However, even these were not able to allow all cameras to transmit at the same time.
Therefore operators have had to switch sequentially from one camera to the next in order to monitor premises or check what was happening at a particular location.
A problem has been that sometimes an event has occurred at a location which was not being viewed at the time an event occurred.
The present invention arose in an attempt to overcome this and associated problems.

25-05-2001 ' . CA 02367915 2001-09-14 Although it is generally known, e.g. from US-A-3 988 533 and from EP-A-0 02;8 933, that it is desirable to convey video signals derived from plural surveillance cameras to a remote monitoring location over communication channels, and to limit either the amount of information transmitted over the channels or that utilised at said location, there remains a need for intelligent camera-based systems that make efficient use of the communications bandwidth available by reliably and automatically selecting.' and prioritising video signals relating to events of !0 interest .~
According. to the invention there is provided a closed circuit television (CCTV) system for surveillance of a region, the system comprising a plurality of video cameras viewing said region and IS at least.one communication channel linking said cameras to a monitoring location remote from the region under surveillance, wherein the system further comprises processing means for processing video output signals provided by a camera to generate information relating to events of interest; the processing means 20 comprising detection means for generating detection signals indicative of objects appearing in the camera's field of view and motion determining means for generating motion signals indicative of,motion of detected objects, and means for conveying over said at least,one communication channel for review at said monitoring 25 location; only video signals containing information about said events of interest, characterized in that (a) the motion determining means comprises a moving edge detection means for providing said motion signals; (b) said processing means comprises further means for operating upon said detection signals 30 and said~motion signals to provide further signals indicative of the direction of motion of detected objects, of an area of ' interest; within said field of view, at which an event of interest;is occurring, and of a degree of interest attaching to the event; (c) thresholding means is connected to receive signals 35 output from said moving edge detection means and arranged to AMENDED SHEET

25-05-2001 ' CA 02367915 2001-09-14 supply said motion signals to said further means only when the movement of said edges exceeds a motion threshold level; and (d) decision means is provided for operating upon said further signals to generate control signals for selecting information to be conveyed over said at least one communication channel to said monitoring location.
Such a system preferably includes a charge coupled device (CCD) and a microprocessor arranged to discriminate between static and moving pixels or moving portions of an image. Means may be provided .to modify a signal so that it is prioritized over another signal. Thus one or more cameras are configured and/or switched automatically to send image data to a monitoring center when there is an event of interest occurring in the field of view of the camera.
Each camera may be incorporated with a motion or infra red sensor so that images are transmitted only if movement is detected.
Cameras may be adapted to follow or track a moving object. If an infra red motion detector is used to detect presence of an object in a camera's field of view, this may be configured to act as an .initial warning or alert that activity is occurring in a particular camera field of view. This information may be used as an initial prioritization of a transmitted~signal and switch a monitor accordingly. In addition a higher priority may be accorded ,by the processing means and means for determining whether a predetermined threshold is exceeded. This is because the higher priority has associated with it a quantitative element. Thus, for example, the former AMENDED SHEET

embodiment may be activated by animals such as birds or cats; whereas when combined with the latter embodiment discrimination of such events is provided.
Means may also be provided to detect areas of interest and/or to obtain information indicative of features in the images. Preferably means is provided to determine whether said information contains data indicative of any events of interest for the purposes of surveillance and monitoring. If said data is obtained and/or exceeds a predetermined threshold, an override signal is generated, which override signal switches a transmitter to transmit the image data of said camera to a monitor. The invention enables one or more portions of an image frame to be transmitted, if for example, these areas of interest contain events of interest and there is a risk of a channel reaching its capacity. Thus in the unlikely event of several cameras transmitting data at the same time, a monitor may be adapted to receive images from more than one camera at the same time, for example, by reconfiguring a scream into two or more sections. Alternatively an image store, such as a buffer, may be provided. The image store enables once retrieved, an image to be viewed at a different time from another.
Means is preferably also provided to determine which portion of the data is useful and which portion of the data is superfluous, such as static objects.
Advantageously means is provided to encode data to be transmitted in for example, MPEG 4 format, so as to reduce the amount of transmitted data.
The means to obtain information preferably includes a charge couple device (CCD) and a microprocessor, frame store, and/or dedicated circuits such as ASIC's, to discriminate pixel features. The said microprocessor and ASIC's may be configurable and programmable, and may be able to communicate with other cameras via one or more communication channels.
Actuator means for displacing the field of view of the camera may be provided.
The actuator means may be operated under control of a microprocessor which is arranged to displace the camera so that objects of interest are maintained within a field of view.

Artificial intelligence, for example in the form of a neural network, may be included in the system.
In order to increase channel carrying capacity means may be provided to discriminate moving portions of an image and image portions occupied by objects.
Discriminating moving portions of an image may be implemented by a motion detector using consecutive images. Discriminating image portions occupied by an objects may be implemented by object detector using an adopted reference image containing only background image information.
Means may also be provided to detect movement direction, or main direction of movement if there are multiple directions in the view of camera, so that the camera may be adapted to follow or track the moving object/objects.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, and with reference to the Figures, in which:
Figure 1 shows a block diagram of an example of a camera in accordance with the invention;
Figure 2 shows a functional block diagram of a camera processing unit;
Figure 3 shows a block diagram of a moving edge detector which is incorporated into the camera to detect moving objects;
Figure 4 shows a block diagram of an object detector; and Figure 5 is an overall view of a system including four cameras.
Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a camera 2, which includes Processing Unit 10 and MPEG 4 encoder 4. An actuator 8 is provided to move camera 2 in a controlled manner, eg, by tilting, panning or zooming. Processing unit 10 is shown in greater detail in Figure 2.
Refernng to Figure 1, camera 2 has a lens 6 and an image detector which is preferably a 5 charge coupled device (CCD). Outputs of camera 2 are a transmission Request Signal, to request a transmitter to transmit data when there is an event detected and Tracking Control signal, to control actuator 8 to follow event movement. Whole Image is the same image as obtained from a normal camera. Area of Interest (AOI) Image outputs images in area of interest. MPEG 4 Image outputs MPEG 4 encoded images of an AOI
Image.
Operation of the camera will now be described, with reference to Figure 2.
Referring to Figure 2, three frames of sequential video images 11 are stored in three frame stores, FS1 21, FS2 22 and FS3 23. Using the three images, a moving edge detector 31 detects l~ moving edges in an image and generates a moving edge image. A reference image 32 containing only background image data is used to compare with sequential images in order to detect whether objects are present in the camera's field of view. The reference image may automatically be adopted whenever there is not an object detected so as to overcome the problem of change of ambient lighting conditions. By comparing a reference image 32 with images from FS2 22, the object detector 33 detects whether or not there are events of interest present in the images.
Using the information inherent in moving edge images, and of objects detected, three features can be detected. These are: events of interest, directions of moving objects and areas of interest. Detection is by way of high level of analysis. Interest Analyser 43 estimates whether there is an event of interest in the field of view. This may be an objector person present, or just a static background. From the event of interest detected, means for decision making 50 determines when or which images are to be transmitted.
Area of interest (AOI) analyser 42 measures an area of interest in the image in the region where an event of interest is detected. Thus, only data in AOI is transmitted.
Other parts of the image are ignored as they are relatively static and therefore discarded.
Thus bandwidth is saved. By using the technique of block matching, direction analyser 41 detects an overall direction of movement of the event. This information may be used to control an actuator so that if present, actuator 15 controls camera 2 in order to follow an event of interest.
From the three variables: events of interest, directions of moving objects and areas of interest, decision making means 50 generates three signals, A, B and C. Signal A
informs image buffer 60 to be ready to send an image and which part of the image is to be sent. Signal B requests transmitter to transfer images by overriding any existing channel. Signal C controls camera 10 in Figure 1 so that it tracks the events of interest if necessary, by tilt, pan or zoom. The image is then encoded by MPEG 4 encoder and transmitted either via a hardwire (fibre optic) connection or as an rf, VHF or UI~
signal.
Moving edge detector is illustrated diagrammatically in Figure 3. Three consecutive images of sequential video images 11 are stored in three frame stores, FS 1 21, FS2 22 and FS3 23, and used for moving edge detection. I, (x,y), IZ(x,y) and I3 (x,y) denote the three consecutive images respectively. The input of Edge Detection 32 is I2 (x, y) and its output is E~(x,y) is an edge image from image h(x,y). Inputs of temporal difference (1) 31 are I,(x,y) and h(x,y), and output is a difference image D,~(x,y) which is defined as the following equation:
DIZ(x~yJ= ~ Ii (x,y) - Iz(x~y) I Eqn (1) The inputs of temporal difference (2) 33 are IZ (x, y) and I3 (x, y), and its output is a difference image D2j (x, y) which is defined in equation 2 as the follows:
D23(x~Y) _ ~ IZ(x~Y)- I3(x,y) ( Eqn (2) The inputs of Multiplication 41 are Dl~(x,y), E,(x,y) and D~3(x,y) and its output M(x,y) is calculated as the follows:

M(x,y)= Dl~(.r,y).E~(.r,y).D~3(x,y) Eqn (3) The output of threshold device 42 is the moving edge image ME(x,y) 12, which is defined as follows:
ME(x~Y) = M(x' y)~ifM(x~ y) > T", Eqn (4) 0, Otherwise where T~, is a threshold for moving edge detection.
An example of object detector is illustrated in Figure 4. Frame store FSZ 21 contains the input image 11, which is one of the sequential images of camera 2 and may contain objects. Reference Image 22 is a frame store containing a reference image which contains only background image. The reference image may automatically be adopted by input image 11 whenever there is not an object detected in the image. Thus, the problem of changes in light intensity can be overcome. Let IZ (x,y) and R(x, y) denote the image in FS2 and the reference image respectively. By comparing IZ (x, y) and R(x, y), the Intensity Subtraction 23 generates a difference image D(x,y), which is calculated as the follows:
D(x, Y) _ ~ IZ (x,y) - R(x, Y) ~ Eqn (5) Then, using a technique of thresholding, the output O(x,y) of thresholding means 31 is defined as follows:
l,ifd(x, y) > To O(x, y) = Eqn (6) O, Otherwise where 1 indicates that the pixel is an object pixel, 0 indicates that the pixel is a background pixel, and To threshold for object detection.
Through analyser 32, the output signal 12 indicates whether an object or objects have been detected.
Figure 5 is a diagramatical overall view of a system 100 including four cameras 100A, B, C and D. Cameras 100 A and B are connected to a monitoring station 104 via hard wire connectors. Cameras 100C and D are connected to monitoring station 104 via rf transmitters 106C and 106D and via rf receiver 108.
Monitoring station 104 is connected to a plurality of monitors 110 of which only one is shown. The screen 112 of the monitor is capable of being divided into four sections and images from one or more cameras displayed in the or each section.
The invention has been described by way of examples only and variation may be made to the embodiments described without departure from the scope of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMS:
I. A closed circuit television (CCTV) system for surveillance of a; region, the system comprising a plurality of video cameras (2, 100A, 100B, 100C, 100D) viewing said region and at least one communication channel linking said cameras to a monitoring location (104, 108) remote from the region under surveillance, wherein the system further comprises processing means (30, 40, 50) for processing video output signals provided by a camera to generate information relating to events of interest; the processing means comprising detection means (33) for generating detection signals indicative of objects appearing in the camera's field of view and motion determining means (31) for generating motion signals indicative of motion of detected objects, and means (50, 60) for conveying over said at least one communication channel for review at said monitoring location only video signals containing information about said events of interest, characterized in that: (a) the motion determining means (31) comprises a moving edge detection means for providing said motion signals; (b) said processing means comprises further means (41, 42, 43) for operating upon said detection signals and said motion signals to provide further signals indicative of the direction of motion of detected objects, of an area of interest, within said field of view, at which an event of interest is occurring, and of a degree of interest attaching to the event; (c) thresholding means is connected to receive signals output from said moving edge detection means and arranged to supply said motion signals to said further means only when the movement of said edges exceeds a motion threshold level; and (d) decision means (50) is provided for operating upon said further signals to generate control signals for selecting information to be conveyed over said at least one communication channel to said monitoring location.
2. A system according to claim 1 characterized by the provision of a buffer means (60) connected to receive said video output signals and wherein said buffer means (60) is controlled by said control signals.
3. A system according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterized in that said detection means (33) for generating detection signals indicative of objects appearing in the camera's field of view comprises means for comparing, pixel by pixel, the intensity of video output signals from said camera with a reference image, for comparing intensity differences with a detection threshold level and arranged to supply said detection signals to said further means only when the intensity difference exceeds said detection threshold.
4. A system according to any preceding claim characterized in that, when selected information is conveyed to said monitoring station, said decision means generates an override signal according priority to the selected information.
5. A system according to any preceding claim characterized in ~
that, when selected information is conveyed to said monitoring station, said decision means generates camera control signals capable of causing said camera to execute tilt;, pan or zoom functions.
6. A system according to any preceding claim characterized in that at least one of said cameras has associated therewith an infra red presence detector.