EP1161837A1 - Closed circuit television (cctv) camera and system - Google Patents

Closed circuit television (cctv) camera and system

Info

Publication number
EP1161837A1
EP1161837A1 EP00911056A EP00911056A EP1161837A1 EP 1161837 A1 EP1161837 A1 EP 1161837A1 EP 00911056 A EP00911056 A EP 00911056A EP 00911056 A EP00911056 A EP 00911056A EP 1161837 A1 EP1161837 A1 EP 1161837A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
camera
image
moving
cctv
monitor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00911056A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jia Hong Yin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Central Research Laboratories Ltd
Original Assignee
Central Research Laboratories Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9906040.2A external-priority patent/GB9906040D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9907857.8A external-priority patent/GB9907857D0/en
Application filed by Central Research Laboratories Ltd filed Critical Central Research Laboratories Ltd
Publication of EP1161837A1 publication Critical patent/EP1161837A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19678—User interface
    • G08B13/19691—Signalling events for better perception by user, e.g. indicating alarms by making display brighter, adding text, creating a sound
    • G08B13/19693—Signalling events for better perception by user, e.g. indicating alarms by making display brighter, adding text, creating a sound using multiple video sources viewed on a single or compound screen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19602—Image analysis to detect motion of the intruder, e.g. by frame subtraction
    • G08B13/19604—Image analysis to detect motion of the intruder, e.g. by frame subtraction involving reference image or background adaptation with time to compensate for changing conditions, e.g. reference image update on detection of light level change
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19639—Details of the system layout
    • G08B13/19641—Multiple cameras having overlapping views on a single scene
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19695—Arrangements wherein non-video detectors start video recording or forwarding but do not generate an alarm themselves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/18—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast
    • H04N7/181—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast for receiving images from a plurality of remote sources

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras and systems, and more particularly to multi camera CCTV systems.
  • CCTV closed circuit television
  • Such multi camera CCTV systems may include tens or even hundreds of cameras. Monitors are installed remote from the cameras and are usually watched by operators in a central control room or monitoring centre.
  • Multi camera CCTV systems are used increasingly to improve security and safety in a myriad applications, including offices, car parks, shopping malls, on motorways, railways, and airports.
  • Analogue images obtained by the cameras may be transferred to the monitoring centre by cable which is connected to each camera.
  • the installation of cables may be costly, or may not be practical for some situations where, for instance, only mobile cameras can be used.
  • CCTV systems send images via a radio frequency (RF) link.
  • RF links have limited bandwidth and therefore limit the amount of cameras which may be used in any one system.
  • a camera having means for determining whether information detected in its field of view includes a moving object; processing means for determining whether said moving object exceeds a predetermined threshold; and means for transmitting at least a portion of said moving image to a remote location.
  • the means to obtain information preferably includes a charge coupled device (CCD) and a microprocessor arranged to discriminate between static and moving pixels or moving portions of an image. Means may be provided to modify a signal so that it is prioritised over another signal. Thus one or more cameras are configured and/or switched automatically to send image data to a monitoring centre when there is an event of interest occurring in the field of view of a camera.
  • CCD charge coupled device
  • microprocessor arranged to discriminate between static and moving pixels or moving portions of an image.
  • Means may be provided to modify a signal so that it is prioritised over another signal.
  • one or more cameras are configured and/or switched automatically to send image data to a monitoring centre when there is an event of interest occurring in the field of view of a camera.
  • a Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) system including a plurality of CCTV cameras and a communication channel from each of said cameras to at least one monitor; characterised in that means is provided at a camera to obtain information indicative of displacement of an object in the camera's field of view and processing means is provided to determine whether said information exceeds a predetermined threshold, whereby if said threshold is exceeded an override signal is generated, which override signal switches the monitor to receive from said camera.
  • CCTV Closed Circuit Television
  • Each camera may be incorporated with a motion or infra red sensor so that images are transmitted only if movement is detected. Cameras may be adapted to follow or track a moving object. If an infra red motion detector is used to detect presence of an object in a camera's field of view, this may be configured to act as an initial warning or alert that activity is occurring in a particular camera field of view. This information may be used as an initial prioritisation of a transmitted signal and switch a monitor accordingly. In addition a higher priority may be accorded by the processing means and means for determining whether a predetermined threshold is exceeded. This is because the higher priority has associated with it a quantitative element. Thus, for example, the former embodiment may be activated by animals such as birds or cats; whereas when combined with the latter embodiment discrimination of such events is provided.
  • Means may also be provided to detect areas of interest and/or to obtain information indicative of features in the images.
  • the invention enables one or more portions of an image frame to be transmitted, if for example, these areas of interest contain events of interest and there is a risk of a channel reaching its capacity.
  • a monitor may be adapted to receive images from more than one camera at the same time, for example, by reconfiguring a scream into two or more sections.
  • an image store such as a buffer, may be provided. The image store enables once retrieved, an image to be viewed at a different time from another.
  • Means is preferably also provided to determine which portion of the data is useful and which portion of the data is superfluous, such as static objects.
  • Advantageously means is provided to encode data to be transmitted in for example, MPEG 4 format, so as to reduce the amount of transmitted data.
  • the means to obtain information preferably includes a charge couple device (CCD) and a microprocessor, frame store, and/or dedicated circuits such as ASIC's, to discriminate pixel features.
  • CCD charge couple device
  • ASIC's dedicated circuits
  • the said microprocessor and ASIC's may be configurable and programmable, and may be able to communicate with other cameras via one or more communication channels.
  • Actuator means for displacing the field of view of the camera may be provided.
  • the actuator means may be operated under control of a microprocessor which is arranged to displace the camera so that objects of interest are maintained within a field of view.
  • Artificial intelligence for example in the form of a neural network, may be included in the system.
  • Discriminating moving portions of an image may be implemented by a motion detector using consecutive images.
  • Discriminating image portions occupied by an objects may be implemented by object detector using an adopted reference image containing only background image information.
  • Means may also be provided to detect movement direction, or main direction of movement if there are multiple directions in the view of camera, so that the camera may be adapted to follow or track the moving object/objects.
  • Figure 1 shows a block diagram of an example of a camera in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a functional block diagram of a camera processing unit
  • Figure 3 shows a block diagram of a moving edge detector which is incorporated into the camera to detect moving objects
  • Figure 4 shows a block diagram of an object detector
  • Figure 5 is an overall view of a system including four cameras.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a camera 2, which includes Processing Unit 10 and MPEG 4 encoder 4.
  • An actuator 8 is provided to move camera 2 in a controlled manner, eg, by tilting, panning or zooming.
  • Processing unit 10 is shown in greater detail in Figure 2.
  • camera 2 has a lens 6 and an image detector which is preferably a charge coupled device (CCD).
  • Outputs of camera 2 are a transmission Request Signal, to request a transmitter to transmit data when there is an event detected and Tracking Control signal, to control actuator 8 to follow event movement.
  • Whole Image is the same image as obtained from a normal camera.
  • Area of Interest (AOI) Image outputs images in area of interest.
  • MPEG 4 Image outputs MPEG 4 encoded images of an AOI Image.
  • a moving edge detector 31 detects moving edges in an image and generates a moving edge image.
  • a reference image 32 containing only background image data is used to compare with sequential images in order to detect whether objects are present in the camera's field of view.
  • the reference image may automatically be adopted whenever there is not an object detected so as to overcome the problem of change of ambient lighting conditions.
  • the object detector 33 detects whether or not there are events of interest present in the images.
  • Interest Analyser 43 estimates whether there is an event of interest in the field of view. This may be an object/or person present, or just a static background. From the event of interest detected, means for decision making 50 determines when or which images are to be transmitted.
  • Area of interest (AOI) analyser 42 measures an area of interest in the image in the region where an event of interest is detected. Thus, only data in AOI is transmitted. Other parts of the image are ignored as they are relatively static and therefore discarded. Thus bandwidth is saved.
  • direction analyser 41 detects an overall direction of movement of the event. This information may be used to control an actuator so that if present, actuator 15 controls camera 2 in order to follow an event of interest.
  • decision making means 50 From the three variables: events of interest, directions of moving objects and areas of interest, decision making means 50 generates three signals, A, B and C.
  • Signal A informs image buffer 60 to be ready to send an image and which part of the image is to be sent.
  • Signal B requests transmitter to transfer images by overriding any existing channel.
  • Signal C controls camera 10 in Figure 1 so that it tracks the events of interest if necessary, by tilt, pan or zoom.
  • the image is then encoded by MPEG 4 encoder and transmitted either via a hardwire (fibre optic) connection or as an rf, VHF or UHF signal.
  • Moving edge detector is illustrated diagrammatically in Figure 3.
  • Three consecutive images of sequential video images 11 are stored in three frame stores, FSl 21, FS2 22 and FS3 23, and used for moving edge detection.
  • Ii (x,y), (x,y) and I 3 (x,y) denote the three consecutive images respectively.
  • the input of Edge Detection 32 is I 2 (x, y) and its output is E 2 (x,y) is an edge image from image l 2 (x,y).
  • Inputs of temporal difference (1) 31 are l[(x,y) and I,(x,y), and output is a difference image D, 2 (x,y) which is defined as the following equation:
  • temporal difference (2) 33 The inputs of temporal difference (2) 33 are I 2 (x, y) and I (x, y), and its output is a difference image D (x, y) which is defined in equation 2 as the follows:
  • M(x,y) D 12 (x,y).E 2 (x,y).D ⁇ (x,y) Eqn (3)
  • the output of threshold device 42 is the moving edge image ME(x,y) 12, which is defined as follows:
  • T m is a threshold for moving edge detection.
  • Frame store FS2 21 contains the input image 11, which is one of the sequential images of camera 2 and may contain objects.
  • Reference Image 22 is a frame store containing a reference image which contains only background image. The reference image may automatically be adopted by input image 11 whenever there is not an object detected in the image. Thus, the problem of changes in light intensity can be overcome.
  • I 2 (x,y) and R(x, y) denote the image in FS2 and the reference image respectively.
  • the Intensity Subtraction 23 generates a difference image D(x,y), which is calculated as the follows:
  • the output O(x,y) of thresholding means 31 is defined as follows:
  • 0,Otbervrae where 1 indicates that the pixel is an object pixel, 0 indicates that the pixel is a background pixel, and T 0 threshold for object detection.
  • the output signal 12 indicates whether an object or objects have been detected.
  • Figure 5 is a diagramatical overall view of a system 100 including four cameras 100A, B, C and D. Cameras 100 A and B are connected to a monitoring station 104 via hard wire connectors. Cameras 100C and D are connected to monitoring station 104 via rf transmitters 106C and 106D and via rf receiver 108.
  • Monitoring station 104 is connected to a plurality of monitors 110 of which only one is shown.
  • the screen 112 of the monitor is capable of being divided into four sections and images from one or more cameras displayed in the or each section.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a CCTV camera and system. Existing CCTV systems sometimes have many cameras which monitor offices, shops or public places. There is often a risk that a detected incident or event is not displayed at a control room at the time when the event occurs. In a preferred embodiment the invention provides a CCTV system in which means is provided at a camera to obtain information indicative of displacement of an object in the field of view (FOV) of the camera. Processing means determines whether said information exceeds a predetermined threshold and if this occurs switches a monitor to receive from said camera(s). The advantage of the invention is that viewed events are displayed automatically at the instant they occur.

Description

CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION (CCTV) CAMERA AND SYSTEM
The present invention relates to a closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras and systems, and more particularly to multi camera CCTV systems.
Such multi camera CCTV systems may include tens or even hundreds of cameras. Monitors are installed remote from the cameras and are usually watched by operators in a central control room or monitoring centre.
Multi camera CCTV systems are used increasingly to improve security and safety in a myriad applications, including offices, car parks, shopping malls, on motorways, railways, and airports.
Analogue images obtained by the cameras may be transferred to the monitoring centre by cable which is connected to each camera. The installation of cables may be costly, or may not be practical for some situations where, for instance, only mobile cameras can be used. In such situations CCTV systems send images via a radio frequency (RF) link. Such RF links have limited bandwidth and therefore limit the amount of cameras which may be used in any one system.
Large amounts of data are produced from digital cameras. Data compression techniques therefore may be used in wireless (RF) CCTV monitoring systems. However, even these were not able to allow all cameras to transmit at the same time. Therefore operators have had to switch sequentially from one camera to the next in order to monitor premises or check what was happening at a particular location.
A problem has been that sometimes an event has occurred at a location which was not being viewed at the time an event occurred.
The present invention arose in an attempt to overcome this and associated problems. According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided; a camera having means for determining whether information detected in its field of view includes a moving object; processing means for determining whether said moving object exceeds a predetermined threshold; and means for transmitting at least a portion of said moving image to a remote location.
The means to obtain information preferably includes a charge coupled device (CCD) and a microprocessor arranged to discriminate between static and moving pixels or moving portions of an image. Means may be provided to modify a signal so that it is prioritised over another signal. Thus one or more cameras are configured and/or switched automatically to send image data to a monitoring centre when there is an event of interest occurring in the field of view of a camera.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) system including a plurality of CCTV cameras and a communication channel from each of said cameras to at least one monitor; characterised in that means is provided at a camera to obtain information indicative of displacement of an object in the camera's field of view and processing means is provided to determine whether said information exceeds a predetermined threshold, whereby if said threshold is exceeded an override signal is generated, which override signal switches the monitor to receive from said camera.
Each camera may be incorporated with a motion or infra red sensor so that images are transmitted only if movement is detected. Cameras may be adapted to follow or track a moving object. If an infra red motion detector is used to detect presence of an object in a camera's field of view, this may be configured to act as an initial warning or alert that activity is occurring in a particular camera field of view. This information may be used as an initial prioritisation of a transmitted signal and switch a monitor accordingly. In addition a higher priority may be accorded by the processing means and means for determining whether a predetermined threshold is exceeded. This is because the higher priority has associated with it a quantitative element. Thus, for example, the former embodiment may be activated by animals such as birds or cats; whereas when combined with the latter embodiment discrimination of such events is provided.
Means may also be provided to detect areas of interest and/or to obtain information indicative of features in the images. Preferably means is provided to determine whether said information contains data indicative of any events of interest for the purposes of surveillance and monitoring. If said data is obtained and/or exceeds a predetermined threshold, an override signal is generated, which override signal switches a transmitter to transmit the image data of said camera to a monitor. The invention enables one or more portions of an image frame to be transmitted, if for example, these areas of interest contain events of interest and there is a risk of a channel reaching its capacity. Thus in the unlikely event of several cameras transmitting data at the same time, a monitor may be adapted to receive images from more than one camera at the same time, for example, by reconfiguring a scream into two or more sections. Alternatively an image store, such as a buffer, may be provided. The image store enables once retrieved, an image to be viewed at a different time from another.
Means is preferably also provided to determine which portion of the data is useful and which portion of the data is superfluous, such as static objects. Advantageously means is provided to encode data to be transmitted in for example, MPEG 4 format, so as to reduce the amount of transmitted data.
The means to obtain information preferably includes a charge couple device (CCD) and a microprocessor, frame store, and/or dedicated circuits such as ASIC's, to discriminate pixel features. The said microprocessor and ASIC's may be configurable and programmable, and may be able to communicate with other cameras via one or more communication channels.
Actuator means for displacing the field of view of the camera may be provided. The actuator means may be operated under control of a microprocessor which is arranged to displace the camera so that objects of interest are maintained within a field of view. Artificial intelligence, for example in the form of a neural network, may be included in the system.
In order to increase channel carrying capacity means may be provided to discriminate moving portions of an image and image portions occupied by objects. Discriminating moving portions of an image may be implemented by a motion detector using consecutive images. Discriminating image portions occupied by an objects may be implemented by object detector using an adopted reference image containing only background image information.
Means may also be provided to detect movement direction, or main direction of movement if there are multiple directions in the view of camera, so that the camera may be adapted to follow or track the moving object/objects.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, and with reference to the Figures, in which:
Figure 1 shows a block diagram of an example of a camera in accordance with the invention;
Figure 2 shows a functional block diagram of a camera processing unit;
Figure 3 shows a block diagram of a moving edge detector which is incorporated into the camera to detect moving objects;
Figure 4 shows a block diagram of an object detector; and
Figure 5 is an overall view of a system including four cameras.
Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a camera 2, which includes Processing Unit 10 and MPEG 4 encoder 4. An actuator 8 is provided to move camera 2 in a controlled manner, eg, by tilting, panning or zooming. Processing unit 10 is shown in greater detail in Figure 2.
Referring to Figure 1, camera 2 has a lens 6 and an image detector which is preferably a charge coupled device (CCD). Outputs of camera 2 are a transmission Request Signal, to request a transmitter to transmit data when there is an event detected and Tracking Control signal, to control actuator 8 to follow event movement. Whole Image is the same image as obtained from a normal camera. Area of Interest (AOI) Image outputs images in area of interest. MPEG 4 Image outputs MPEG 4 encoded images of an AOI Image.
Operation of the camera will now be described, with reference to Figure 2. Referring to Figure 2, three frames of sequential video images 11 are stored in three frame stores, FS1 21, FS2 22 and FS3 23. Using the three images, a moving edge detector 31 detects moving edges in an image and generates a moving edge image. A reference image 32 containing only background image data is used to compare with sequential images in order to detect whether objects are present in the camera's field of view. The reference image may automatically be adopted whenever there is not an object detected so as to overcome the problem of change of ambient lighting conditions. By comparing a reference image 32 with images from FS2 22, the object detector 33 detects whether or not there are events of interest present in the images.
Using the information inherent in moving edge images, and of objects detected, three features can be detected. These are: events of interest, directions of moving objects and areas of interest. Detection is by way of high level of analysis. Interest Analyser 43 estimates whether there is an event of interest in the field of view. This may be an object/or person present, or just a static background. From the event of interest detected, means for decision making 50 determines when or which images are to be transmitted. Area of interest (AOI) analyser 42 measures an area of interest in the image in the region where an event of interest is detected. Thus, only data in AOI is transmitted. Other parts of the image are ignored as they are relatively static and therefore discarded. Thus bandwidth is saved. By using the technique of block matching, direction analyser 41 detects an overall direction of movement of the event. This information may be used to control an actuator so that if present, actuator 15 controls camera 2 in order to follow an event of interest.
From the three variables: events of interest, directions of moving objects and areas of interest, decision making means 50 generates three signals, A, B and C. Signal A informs image buffer 60 to be ready to send an image and which part of the image is to be sent. Signal B requests transmitter to transfer images by overriding any existing channel. Signal C controls camera 10 in Figure 1 so that it tracks the events of interest if necessary, by tilt, pan or zoom. The image is then encoded by MPEG 4 encoder and transmitted either via a hardwire (fibre optic) connection or as an rf, VHF or UHF signal.
Moving edge detector is illustrated diagrammatically in Figure 3. Three consecutive images of sequential video images 11 are stored in three frame stores, FSl 21, FS2 22 and FS3 23, and used for moving edge detection. Ii (x,y), (x,y) and I3 (x,y) denote the three consecutive images respectively. The input of Edge Detection 32 is I2 (x, y) and its output is E2(x,y) is an edge image from image l2(x,y). Inputs of temporal difference (1) 31 are l[(x,y) and I,(x,y), and output is a difference image D,2(x,y) which is defined as the following equation:
D12(χ,y)= I Ii (χ,y) - L(χ,y) I Eqn (1)
The inputs of temporal difference (2) 33 are I2 (x, y) and I (x, y), and its output is a difference image D (x, y) which is defined in equation 2 as the follows:
D23(x,y) = I I,(x,y)- L.(x,y) | Eqn (2)
The inputs of Multiplication 41 are Dπ(x,y), E7(x,y) and D73(x,y) and its output M(x,y) is calculated as the follows: M(x,y)= D12(x,y).E2(x,y).D^(x,y) Eqn (3)
The output of threshold device 42 is the moving edge image ME(x,y) 12, which is defined as follows:
where Tm is a threshold for moving edge detection.
An example of object detector is illustrated in Figure 4. Frame store FS2 21 contains the input image 11, which is one of the sequential images of camera 2 and may contain objects. Reference Image 22 is a frame store containing a reference image which contains only background image. The reference image may automatically be adopted by input image 11 whenever there is not an object detected in the image. Thus, the problem of changes in light intensity can be overcome. Let I2 (x,y) and R(x, y) denote the image in FS2 and the reference image respectively. By comparing I2 (x, y) and R(x, y), the Intensity Subtraction 23 generates a difference image D(x,y), which is calculated as the follows:
D(x, y) = I I2 (x,y) - R(x, y) Eqn (5)
Then, using a technique of thresholding, the output O(x,y) of thresholding means 31 is defined as follows:
(l,ifd(x, y) > To 0(x, y) = \ Eqn (6)
0,Otbervrae where 1 indicates that the pixel is an object pixel, 0 indicates that the pixel is a background pixel, and T0 threshold for object detection.
Through analyser 32, the output signal 12 indicates whether an object or objects have been detected.
Figure 5 is a diagramatical overall view of a system 100 including four cameras 100A, B, C and D. Cameras 100 A and B are connected to a monitoring station 104 via hard wire connectors. Cameras 100C and D are connected to monitoring station 104 via rf transmitters 106C and 106D and via rf receiver 108.
Monitoring station 104 is connected to a plurality of monitors 110 of which only one is shown. The screen 112 of the monitor is capable of being divided into four sections and images from one or more cameras displayed in the or each section.
The invention has been described by way of examples only and variation may be made to the embodiments described without departure from the scope of the invention.

Claims

A camera having means for determining whether information detected in its field of view includes a moving object; processing means for determining whether said moving object exceeds a predetermined threshold; and means for transmitting at least a portion of said moving image to a remote location.
A camera according to claim 1 wherein the means for transmitting at least a portion of said moving image is a radio frequency (rf) transmitter.
3. A camera according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the camera has an actuator arranged to tilt, pan or zoom.
4. A camera according to claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein at least one motion sensor is included so that images are transmitted only if movement is detected.
5. A Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) Camera and System including a plurality of CCTV cameras and a communication channel from each of said cameras to at least one monitor; characterised in that means is provided at a camera to obtain information indicative of displacement of an object in the camera's field of view and processing means is provided to determine whether said information exceeds a predetermined threshold, whereby if said threshold is exceeded an override signal is generated, which override signal switches a monitor to receive from said camera.
6. A system according to claim 5 wherein the means to obtain information includes a charge coupled device (CCD) and a microprocessor arranged to discriminate between static and moving pixels or moving portions of an image.
7. A system according to claim 5 including artificial intelligence, for example, in the form of a neural network.
8. A method of transmitting image data, obtained by a camera, to a remote location, comprising the steps of: determining whether an object, in the field of view of the camera, is moving and if so whether it exceeds a predetermined threshold; generating an override signal if said threshold is exceeded, transmitting at least a portion of the image data with the override signal to a remote location; said override signal being configured so as to switch a monitor, at the remote location, to display said portion of image.
EP00911056A 1999-03-16 2000-03-16 Closed circuit television (cctv) camera and system Withdrawn EP1161837A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9906040 1999-03-16
GBGB9906040.2A GB9906040D0 (en) 1999-03-16 1999-03-16 A close circuit television (CCTV) system
GBGB9907857.8A GB9907857D0 (en) 1999-04-07 1999-04-07 Closed circuit television (CCTV) camera system
GB9907857 1999-04-07
PCT/GB2000/000989 WO2000056074A1 (en) 1999-03-16 2000-03-16 Closed circuit television (cctv) camera and system

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EP1161837A1 true EP1161837A1 (en) 2001-12-12

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JP (1) JP2003523647A (en)
CN (1) CN1165174C (en)
AU (1) AU759849B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2367915A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2352574A (en)
WO (1) WO2000056074A1 (en)

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CA2367915A1 (en) 2000-09-21
WO2000056074A1 (en) 2000-09-21
GB2352574A (en) 2001-01-31
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CN1165174C (en) 2004-09-01
JP2003523647A (en) 2003-08-05

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