CA2182947C - Surface finish of cementitous nature and containing glass beads - Google Patents
Surface finish of cementitous nature and containing glass beads Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2182947C CA2182947C CA002182947A CA2182947A CA2182947C CA 2182947 C CA2182947 C CA 2182947C CA 002182947 A CA002182947 A CA 002182947A CA 2182947 A CA2182947 A CA 2182947A CA 2182947 C CA2182947 C CA 2182947C
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- glass beads
- surface finish
- matrix
- cementitious material
- finish
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
- E01C7/35—Toppings or surface dressings; Methods of mixing, impregnating, or spreading them
- E01C7/351—Toppings or surface dressings; Methods of mixing, impregnating, or spreading them with exclusively hydraulical binders; Aggregate, fillers or other additives for application on or in the surface of toppings with exclusively hydraulic binders
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
- E01C7/35—Toppings or surface dressings; Methods of mixing, impregnating, or spreading them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
- E01F9/50—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users
- E01F9/506—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users characterised by the road surface marking material, e.g. comprising additives for improving friction or reflectivity; Methods of forming, installing or applying markings in, on or to road surfaces
- E01F9/524—Reflecting elements specially adapted for incorporation in or application to road surface markings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/80—Optical properties, e.g. transparency or reflexibility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
Abstract
A surface finish for application to a substrate comprising vertical, horizontal or sloping surfaces of a structure or object, the surface finish comprising: a matrix formed from a combination of at least a cementitous material, water and glass beads of either the same size or a blend of at least two different sizes and an adhesive.
Description
2 1 8 2 ~ 4 7 PCTIAU95100075 SURFACE FINISH OF CEMENTITIOUS NATURE AND CONTAINING GLASS BEADS
The present invention relates to surface finishes for pall,way~, walls, swimming pools and other structures and more particularly relates to a surface finish which is of a s c~..r~.lilous nature and which in~ des at least one aggregate type co."~,ising glass beads. More particularly, the invention relates to a mix forming and to a method of producing the finishes.
In the building industry there has been prolific use of aggregate surfaces for paving o . footpaths, surfacing of prefabricated building panels and slabs to provide attractive and functional facades and in and around swh~ g pools and the like. The known aggregate mixes have invariably utilised aggregate materials which include stones, pebbles and the like mixed in a matrix of cP~-,çl~lilous material selected from cement or resin.
1s The selection of pebbles and stones as the aggregate material usually dictates the apl)eal ~lce of the finish particularly with respect to its colour and texture. When resins are used, the aggregate provides the final surface colouration as the ce-~..P...I;lu-ls resins are generally clear. An alternative surface coating may be formed by using 20 coloured mortar with pebbles and stones.
Despite the use of a wide range of aggregates to produce a variety of surface finishes succec.cfillly plt;pa~ing a cçmPntitous surface matrix using as the a~g,e~,a~e material glass beads either alone or with another aggregate materials sPlected from precious or 25 semi-precious stones, sands, quartz, marble, granites and the like has been difficult to achieve. It was previously thought to be lln.c~ti.cf~ctory to attempt to use other than conventional aggregates in hard wearing surface finishes as the bonding achieved was inferior co~,pal ed with conventional aggregates. In the building industry it has been considered unwise to use materials such as glass beads as aggregates as the glass is 30 generally considered to be inc~lfflciently porous or rough enough to establish an effective bond. The bond is also co~ ,lo~,.sed by ~lk~linity bleed out from the glass beads.
wo gs/22662 2 1 8 2 ~ 4 7 PCI/AU95100075 The present invention overcomes the effective use of alternative aggregates and particularly glass beads in which the problems of poor bonding known in the prior art aggregates is overcome.
s In the broadest form of the appalal~ls aspect the present invention co~llplises;a surface finish for application to a vertical, horizontal or sloping surface/s of a structure or object which provides a substrate for said surface finish, the surface finish comprising; a matrix forrned from a colllbill~tion of at least a 0 c~ k~.l;lous material, water, glass beads of either the same or di~t:le~ll sizes and an adhesive.
In the pr~rl;ll ed embodiment, the surface finish colll~,lises a blended matrix of cementitous mortar, an aggregate of glass beads of the same or di~l ~lll sizes used 5 alone or in conjunction with other aggregates selected from precious stones, semi-precious stones or raw stones and liquid adhesive comprising a coml~inalion of asiliconiser and polyrneriser for enh~nring the bond between the cÇ~-~e~ lQus mortar and glass beads.
20 The finish may be applied to the surface of a structure such as a building facade, as a paving surface or simply to almost any object formed from a material capable of forming a bond with the finish.
The con~ictency and/or blend of,the matrix may be varied acc~ldh~g to the nature of 25 the substrate surface to which the surface coating is applied. Thus the mix will vary according to whether or not the surface is holi~olllal, vertical or sloped and according to the type of material which forms the substrate. For in.~t~nce, application of the finish to a vertical surface requires the mix to bind to the surface and this is achieved by ensuring that the mix ~sllmes the right paste con~
Accoldil~g to the method aspect, the present invention also provides a method of plep~ing a surface finish colllplisillg the steps of 21 82~47 WO 95/22662 PCr/AU95/0007S
a) mixing a ce...~ ous mortar with water and a liquid or powdered adhesive, b) introducing glass beads into the mix alone or with another aggregate, c) blending the mix for a pre-selected duration until the mix reaches a predetermined con~i~tpm~y~
5 d) applying the mix to a substrate surface of a structure or other object, e) allowing the mix to soft set, f) exposing a predete~ lned surface area of the beads by either washing or sponging the surface of the finish with water; or g) allowing the mix to hard set and washing with hydrochloric acid.
In the broadest form of the method aspect, the present invention coll,p,ise."
a method for producing a surface finish on the surface of a structure or other object as helehlb~rore described comprising the steps of;
a) selectin~ a c~ ;lous material, 15 b) sele~ling glass beads from within the size range of 0. lmm to 200mm, c) adding an adhesive to the mix, d) mixing the ce",t"lilous material with the selected bead sizes and water until the mix reaches a predetermined con~i~tpncy~
e) applying the matrix so formed to the surface of a structure, 20 f) washing away part of the cempntitous material such that 30 - 60% of the surface area of a sub~ lial number of the glass beads on the surface of the matrix is exposed, g) allowing the surface finish to set.
According to the plerelled embodiment ofthe method aspect the adhesive c~lllplises a 25 siliconiser and polymeriser mixed together.
Acco~ding to a p~ lled embodiment the aggregate bead/cement ratio is 5:8 or fivepart beads to 3 parts cement. Alternatively, the bead/cement ratio may be 8:5.
30 The present invention will now be desclibed in all its aspects and in more detail according to pler~lled but non-limiting embo-lim~ntc and with reference to the accolll?a.lyillg illustrations whelein;
2 1 82~47 Figure 1: shows a structural element in~ ling the surface finish accol ding to one embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2: shows the surface finish accolding to an alternative embodiment ofthe s invention whe~c;ill di~le--l size glass beads are used; and Figure 3: shows an alternative embodiment of the finish inrhl-ling other selected agglegales.
According to a prer~--t;d embodiment the surface finish ofthe present invention o . comprises a matrix of cement, water, an adhesive and glass beads forming the aggregate material.
The adhesive is introduced into the rnix with the water to f~rilit~te bonding b~lween the glass beads and the mortar. For this purpose known adhesives may be used such as 15 Xycrylic polymeriser mixed with a siliconiser to provide a merh~nical locking and thus binding between the beads and the mortar. In ~ltili~ing the surface finish of the present invention, many variations of aggregate mix can be achieved to provide di~ t;nl aesthetic, bonding and structural effects The blend proportions and constituents over and above the ess~nti~l con~tit~l~nt~ are primarily determined by the particular20 application of the surface coating and more particularly whether it would be used on a hofi~olllal~ vertical or sloping ~ub~ le surface. The nature and quality of the substrate material is also a dete.. nalll ofthe mix.
Referring to figure 1 there is shown a surface finish 1 applied to the surface of a structural 25 element 2. Surface finish 1 comprises a matrix formed from at least a c~ ;lous material 3 and water into which is mixed spherical glass beads 4 which may be of the same or di~l ellt sizes. Preferably, the beads fall within a size range 0. lmm to 200mm but the ideal range from which beads would be selected and thus the most collllllollly used beads would be in the order of 1 to 15mm.
The glass beads provide a large surface area for binding with the c~ ;lQus m~teri~l 3.
However, in order to çl-h~nce the natural adhesion betweel- the glass beads 4 and cement 3 wo gs/22662 2 1 8 2 ~ 4 7 pcrlAu95looo75 an adhesive is added which has the effect of chemically abrading or etching the smooth surface of the glass beads to provide proper adhesion. The adhesive is either a powder or Iiquid co~ l iS;ng a mixture of a siliconiser and a polymeriser. The polymeriser retards the set so to colllpellsale for this, the siliconiser accelerates the set. The polymeriser fortifies the 5 cement mix, increases haldness, durability, bonding capability and ch~nnic~l le~ nce to alkalinity bleed from the glass beads. The surface finish is prepared by mixing the cementitous material with the glass beads in a slurry which is formed by adding water and an adhesive. Most of the glass beads are distributed throughout the slurry to ensure consistent structural integrity of the surface finish matrix.
Ideally, the outer surface 5 of the surface finish matrix is formed by glass beads near the surfiace which sit proud of the ce~ ;lous material. Ideally, the surface area plt;se~ g to and rclll-mg the outside of the surface finish would be 30% to 60% of the surface area of each bead but preferably closer to 60%. Thus, 30% of the beads along the surface 5 would 15 be visible above the surface upon completion of the finish. The proportion of the glass beads which are exposed is determined largely by the amount of washing of the surface prior to final setting of the surface finish. This has the effect of washing away the layer of mortar nearest the outside thereby exposing the glass beads close to the surface of the matrix. The glass beads interlock within the matrix providing resi~t~nce against various forces applied to the 20 surface finish such as tensile, co".l,.t;ssiv-e or bending forces ~nh~nring the structural integrity of the finish. The interlocking also prevents the t~n-l~ncy of glass beads to spall off from the matrix thereby preserving the inleglily ofthe surface finish. Accoldil~ to a prerelled embodiment, the bead sizes throughout the matrix are varied. For ~ ce, for a particular surface finish one may choose beads from the sizes 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12 and 15mm wl.er~y the 25 smaller ~i~meter beads would assume the spaces b~;lween the larger ~i~meter beads in a given finish thereby rnh~nr.ing the interlocking between the beads. Accolding to one embodiment, the surface finish would have a ratio of c~ .l;lous material to glass beads of 1:1.
Altt;~lalively, the ratio would be 5:4. The colour ofthe cement mortar which is used determines the colour ~ ;lled by the glass beads. As the beads are clear they are 30 internally reflective. If white cement is used, the glass beads tend to reflect a white colour, whereas if a darker cement such as grey is used, the bead reflection would be grey. Thus, the wo 95/22662 2 1 8 2 9 ~ 7 PCI/AU95/00075 beads reflect the colour of the cement that is used. In another embodiment a mixture of coloured beads may be used so that a mixed colour effect is achieved.
In an alternative embodiment, the matrix is plepaled by s~lectin~ in addition to the glass 5 beàds ag~;. t;gdles sPIected from earth materials such as semi precious gems, precious gems, sands or quartz, marble and pebble aggregates.
Preferably, beads mixed with other aggregates should be mixed with substantially the same size aggregate as the beads to achieve proper grading within and adequate ~1, el,gl}l of the matrix. For in~tqn~e, if a 3mm bead size is chosen as the predonl,nalll bead, then if there is to be used an additional aggregate material, a 3mm size aggregate should be chosen. In an alternative embodiment, the plopol ~ion of the cçmpntitous material may be greater than the plopollion of glass beads by weight with the selection of proportions rlictqted by the particular application of the surface finish. To ~nhqnce adhesion b~w~ell the glass beads and 1S the cement an adhesive is introduced. In addition to the adhesive, other admixtures are used accol ling to the pl Opel lies of the surface finish required. The ratio of atlmixh-re to cement used would preferably be in the region of 250ml to 40 kg by weight of cement.
The propol lions of the mixed con~tit~lçnt.s which make up the matrix are determined 20 accordillg to the particul. r applicalion and appeal ance required for the surface finish. Thus, ~"~JIes of blends would be 50% glass beads to 50% sele~,led aggregate such as pebbles, 75% glass bead to 25% gem stones, 70% glass bead to 30% gem stones. Bead or aggregate ratio selection depends on the surface finish required. Thus, the ratio is ç~c~ntislly determined by choice for a particular p,u?o"ion of bead le~uired to be seen plc.r..;n~ely on 25 the surface of the mix.
When the surface finish is used in structures in contact with water, a water proofing additive is desirable. The water proofing agent should be of the c~ ous crystalline type that ch~micqlly controls and p~;~",~n~..lly fixes non-soluble crystalline growth throughout the 30 capillary voids ofthe cement. The admixture should be used to pel...~ ...lly v~,a~elyloor structures either above or below ground where water ingress is a predicted pl obl~ . The adhesive may also act as a waterproofing agent. The weight of the ad"~iAlule per cubic meter wo 95/22662 2 1 8 2 9 4 7 PCT/AU95/00075 of surface finish is detemlined according to the level of water pressure to which the structure is likely to be subjected. Furthermore, where the waterproofing mixture is used, the amount - of water required for the slurry will reduce by 5 to 20 litres per cubic metre depending on the dosage rate and mix design. The water proofing admixture can also act as a set lelald~L
5 Thus, when a water proofing ~-lmixtl~re is used precautions must be used to adjust the mixture to accommodate the effects that the water proofing atlmixtllre has on the matrix.
The waterproofing admixture which may also be Xycrilic polymeriser also has the advantage of increasing adhesive ~ll englll and bonding although in doing this it slightly retards the setting time but as indicated, this is compensated for by the use of a siliconiser which has an o accelerating effect on setting ofthe cement.
Figure 2 shows an altemative embodiment of the invention this time showing the surface finish co"l~;.,ing beads of varying sizes. Thus, beads 6 fall in the upper end ofthe size range, beads 7 in the middle and beads 8 in the lower end. These beads may be spherical and regular 15 or irregular.
Figure 3 shows the finish fommed with beads of di~relenl sizes as in figure 2 however, in this embodiment the finish also in~h1des a non glass aggregate 9 blended with aggregates 6, 7 and 8.
Accoldh1g to the method aspect, the invention may be realised by applying various methodological steps according to the selected mixture and application to which the surface finish will be put.
25 In the most n~-l;",~ y fomm a mix may be achieved by manual hand mixing such as in a bucket or wheelbarrow or by manual mixing on a flat surface. This is suitable for small applications but for larger applications a ~e~ nical mixing device should be used.
Plerel~bly, a paddle mixer is used such that the paddles are set offthe barrell bin with hard plastic blades att~hed to the end of the paddle to scrape and clean the bowl. This prevents .
30 crushing of the glass and grinding of the beads by the paddles against the barrel resulting in Cl ushin~; and degradation of the beads Where a finish is to be applied to a vertical surface, certain additional p~ ~?al ~lory steps are required. First the surface of the substrate is laid with wo 95122662 2 1 8 ~ 9 4 7 PCI/AU95/00075 a patch coat which seals the s.lbsL,~Ie material from unwanted bleed out. The patch coat co"~p,ises a slurry in~ lin~ a siliconiser, polymeriser, cement and water but no aggregate.
This mix must be mixed to the required paste con~i~t~ncy to ensure binding to the substrate.
Following this, the full mix is applied comprising cement, water, adhesive and sçlected glass 5 beads and if required, other aggregates. According to a ple~lled embodiment ofthe method aspect, the invention involves the following steps:
a) selecting a suitable cçm~.ntitous material of a predett;llllined colouration;b) selecting glass beads of a size within the range 0.1 to 200mm, mixing an adhesive into - lo water for mixing with the glass beads and c~ ;Lous material progressively adding the water to the mix during mixing until a slurry is formed at a predetermined consistency suitable for the selected laying application;
c) applying the matrix so formed to the surface of a structure;
d) allowing the matrix to soft set for a predesign~ted period;
5 e) washing away part of the c~m~ntitous material such that 30% to 60% of the surface area of a substantial number of glass beads on the fini~hed surface are exposed;f) allowing the matrix to hard set.
In an alternative embodiment the additives are introduced into the mix at the mixing step which 20 additives are selected from set retardants, waterproofing agents, and adhesives. The nature of the additive selected would be dtlelll"ned accolding to the application for the surface finish.
According to one embodiment of the method aspect, the mixture may also include the addition of aggregates selected from precious or semi-precious gems, sands crushed quartz, marble or 25 pebbles. These ag~;~ egales may be introduced during the early mixing phase when a slurry is formed or alternatively, a selec.ted aggregate may be broadcast on the surface finish just after laying and either before or after washing of the surface to expose the glass beads. The eco.. ~ ed method is however, to mix the ag~;l~dle sçlected with the matrix so the design con~i~tenCy of the finish is assured.
There are a large variety of applications to which the surface finish may be put. Once the matrix is mixed to the le~luiled conci~t~ncy~ it may be applied by hand acco,dh~g to rendering wo 95/22662 2 1 8 2 9 ~ 7 PCT/AUg5100075 ..
techniques either to ho~i~.ollLal, vertical and indeed surfaces of almost any shape. One application of the finish is in surfacing of ~w;lllllling pools, in which case waterproofing additives are required to be inr,l~lded in the matrix.
s As an alternative to the use of mortar it is possible to utilise vinyl based resins which may either be rolled onto a surface by hand, (called hand IZIII;I~AI;I~g) or alternatively sprayed with a suitable gun under air pressure. According to this application the gun sprays the beads, a catalyst and resin at once, leaving the beads to set in the clear finish formed on the surface.
As an alternative to the above described method aspect, it is possible to form tiles once the matrix has mixed and set. Thus, rather than immediately applying the surface finish after the required con~ictçncy is achieved upon mixing, the mixture can be placed in a mold and allowed to set thereby forming a tile which can later be used as a surfacing material over a structural or non-structural substrate such as prefabricated or precast panels for use in the s building industry inr.lu~ling high rise.
Where the surface finish is applied by use of a gun, the surface to which the finish is to be applied has an adhesive membrane applied to its surface to provide support for the glass beads and resin mixture when sprayed on under air pressure.
The beads used in the various applications of the present invention are made of glass. The main ingredient is silica, sand, soda ash and limestone. These are generally weighed during m~mlf~ctllre and mixed with minor ingredients such as metal oxides. The most commonly used beads are made from recycled glass and are spherical or irregularly shaped.
Tinting of the glass beads may be achieved by mixing colouration or by incorporating fine particles of metal such as gold or m~gneci~lm in the beads. Gold or m~gnP~illm will provide a red bead. Cobalt will provide a blue bead.
30 Although the pleÇelled shape for the glass beads is spherical it will be appreciated that other shapes may be used in the surface finish accordhlg to requil~lllellls. Such bead shapes would wo 95/22662 2 1 8 2 9 4 7 PCT/AUg5/00075 include for example, elliptical, oval, pear, rect~ng~ r, tri~ng~ r, cylindrical, prismic, hexagonal, octagonal and other prismic shapes.
The methodology of the present invention is particularly adaptable to pre-cast fabrication 5 whereby pre-cast structural lllclllbel ~ such as concrete panels which are cast in situ in factories may have applied to them the surface finish acco~-ling to the present invention and its various embodiments. Thus, the surface finish can be applied to building panels which may either be structural or cosmetic, moulded off site and plepaled with the surface finish prior to delivery. Apart from structural panels, panels may also be m~n~f~r.tllred in~.hll1in~
lo the surface finish when used for pavings, slabs, stepping stones, brick and tile pavers, floors, wall decorations.
According to one method of prefabrication, the surface finish is applied while the conclt:le which forms the pre-fabricated panel is still wet. The bead finish is then applied to the still 5 wet panel enabling the panel and the surface finish to combine in the one setting process.
This allows the surface finish to be integral with the setting and çnh~nces the overall structural integrity of the substrate.
Another application ofthe present invention is in the m~nllf~ctllre of bead sheeting which 20 involves applying the surface finish accoldhlg to the invention and its embo~lim~nt~ to netting, paper, synthetic, metal wooden or other surface. Once the surface finish sets, the ~heeting which forms the substructure surface finish may then be att~ched to a structure using an adhesive according to the surface to which the sl.e~ g is to be adhered. The bead sheetin~
or bead netting is applied to an c~ g structure using polylllelised siliconised adhesive.
25 Synthetic~lly based or c~ ;lQus based adhesive is used depending on the material or surface to which the sheet is to be adhered. Thus, the surface finish according to the invention and its various embo~im~nt~ has llulllelous applications in building and industry.
Among the applications are the use of the surface finish for reflective purposes and this is particularly useful in safety applications such as in mines, on roads and roadside structures, 30 airports for runway .lla,ki,lgs, on enl,allces to tunnels, platform edging and for o~ltlinin~
structures for night attention. Thus, the ~.lbsl~les to which the surface finish ofthe present invention may be applied are limited only to those having finish co"".aliblc surfaces and wo gsl22662 2 1 8 ~ 9 4 7 PCT/AU95~ 75 include a variety of materials surfaces and objects. Dependillg upon the subslldle material selected, a suitable adhesive is chosen or alternatively the substrate surface is pl epared in - order to receive and support the glass bead surface finish. The film may also be used in hl.e applications for in.ct~nce, in ill,...,;,~ g dangerous rock outcrops, channel 5 màrkings, pole markings, ferry wharfs and ellll~i-ces where reflective materials are required.
Yachts, boats, ships, etc. which require permanent reflective safety ..a-lullg may also have the finish applied. Other maritime applications include marker boys, colour coding of moorings, night illllmin~tion of ferry's, private wharfs, pontoons and obstructions in maritime waterways. Other maritime applications include safety lllal l~ings for wetsuits and surf boards.
0 .The glass beading may also be used in furniture applications inch1-1ing table tops, lounges and other items of furniture.
Other building applications include use of the surface finish for driveways, paths, courtyards, interior and exterior floors, garden edging, on le~ .;l-g walls, stepping stones and other applications where safety is required.
The glass beads are generally supplied by weight in qu~ntities according to predetermined proportions of bead sizes. As an example it is possible to obtain a bag of beads in~ ling 10% glass beads, size 1.4mm, 20% bead size 1.7mm and 70% bead size 2mm; as another example, a plepaled bag mixture may contain 10% beading at 2.8mm, 20% at 3.3.5mm and 70% at 4mm. In a further example, a mix bag of glass beads may include 10% at 2.3, 6mm, 20% at 2.8mm and 70% at 3.35mm.
It will be recognised by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and mo~ifi.~.~tions may be made to the invention as broadly desc- il,ed herein without departing from the overall spirit and scope of the invention.
The present invention relates to surface finishes for pall,way~, walls, swimming pools and other structures and more particularly relates to a surface finish which is of a s c~..r~.lilous nature and which in~ des at least one aggregate type co."~,ising glass beads. More particularly, the invention relates to a mix forming and to a method of producing the finishes.
In the building industry there has been prolific use of aggregate surfaces for paving o . footpaths, surfacing of prefabricated building panels and slabs to provide attractive and functional facades and in and around swh~ g pools and the like. The known aggregate mixes have invariably utilised aggregate materials which include stones, pebbles and the like mixed in a matrix of cP~-,çl~lilous material selected from cement or resin.
1s The selection of pebbles and stones as the aggregate material usually dictates the apl)eal ~lce of the finish particularly with respect to its colour and texture. When resins are used, the aggregate provides the final surface colouration as the ce-~..P...I;lu-ls resins are generally clear. An alternative surface coating may be formed by using 20 coloured mortar with pebbles and stones.
Despite the use of a wide range of aggregates to produce a variety of surface finishes succec.cfillly plt;pa~ing a cçmPntitous surface matrix using as the a~g,e~,a~e material glass beads either alone or with another aggregate materials sPlected from precious or 25 semi-precious stones, sands, quartz, marble, granites and the like has been difficult to achieve. It was previously thought to be lln.c~ti.cf~ctory to attempt to use other than conventional aggregates in hard wearing surface finishes as the bonding achieved was inferior co~,pal ed with conventional aggregates. In the building industry it has been considered unwise to use materials such as glass beads as aggregates as the glass is 30 generally considered to be inc~lfflciently porous or rough enough to establish an effective bond. The bond is also co~ ,lo~,.sed by ~lk~linity bleed out from the glass beads.
wo gs/22662 2 1 8 2 ~ 4 7 PCI/AU95100075 The present invention overcomes the effective use of alternative aggregates and particularly glass beads in which the problems of poor bonding known in the prior art aggregates is overcome.
s In the broadest form of the appalal~ls aspect the present invention co~llplises;a surface finish for application to a vertical, horizontal or sloping surface/s of a structure or object which provides a substrate for said surface finish, the surface finish comprising; a matrix forrned from a colllbill~tion of at least a 0 c~ k~.l;lous material, water, glass beads of either the same or di~t:le~ll sizes and an adhesive.
In the pr~rl;ll ed embodiment, the surface finish colll~,lises a blended matrix of cementitous mortar, an aggregate of glass beads of the same or di~l ~lll sizes used 5 alone or in conjunction with other aggregates selected from precious stones, semi-precious stones or raw stones and liquid adhesive comprising a coml~inalion of asiliconiser and polyrneriser for enh~nring the bond between the cÇ~-~e~ lQus mortar and glass beads.
20 The finish may be applied to the surface of a structure such as a building facade, as a paving surface or simply to almost any object formed from a material capable of forming a bond with the finish.
The con~ictency and/or blend of,the matrix may be varied acc~ldh~g to the nature of 25 the substrate surface to which the surface coating is applied. Thus the mix will vary according to whether or not the surface is holi~olllal, vertical or sloped and according to the type of material which forms the substrate. For in.~t~nce, application of the finish to a vertical surface requires the mix to bind to the surface and this is achieved by ensuring that the mix ~sllmes the right paste con~
Accoldil~g to the method aspect, the present invention also provides a method of plep~ing a surface finish colllplisillg the steps of 21 82~47 WO 95/22662 PCr/AU95/0007S
a) mixing a ce...~ ous mortar with water and a liquid or powdered adhesive, b) introducing glass beads into the mix alone or with another aggregate, c) blending the mix for a pre-selected duration until the mix reaches a predetermined con~i~tpm~y~
5 d) applying the mix to a substrate surface of a structure or other object, e) allowing the mix to soft set, f) exposing a predete~ lned surface area of the beads by either washing or sponging the surface of the finish with water; or g) allowing the mix to hard set and washing with hydrochloric acid.
In the broadest form of the method aspect, the present invention coll,p,ise."
a method for producing a surface finish on the surface of a structure or other object as helehlb~rore described comprising the steps of;
a) selectin~ a c~ ;lous material, 15 b) sele~ling glass beads from within the size range of 0. lmm to 200mm, c) adding an adhesive to the mix, d) mixing the ce",t"lilous material with the selected bead sizes and water until the mix reaches a predetermined con~i~tpncy~
e) applying the matrix so formed to the surface of a structure, 20 f) washing away part of the cempntitous material such that 30 - 60% of the surface area of a sub~ lial number of the glass beads on the surface of the matrix is exposed, g) allowing the surface finish to set.
According to the plerelled embodiment ofthe method aspect the adhesive c~lllplises a 25 siliconiser and polymeriser mixed together.
Acco~ding to a p~ lled embodiment the aggregate bead/cement ratio is 5:8 or fivepart beads to 3 parts cement. Alternatively, the bead/cement ratio may be 8:5.
30 The present invention will now be desclibed in all its aspects and in more detail according to pler~lled but non-limiting embo-lim~ntc and with reference to the accolll?a.lyillg illustrations whelein;
2 1 82~47 Figure 1: shows a structural element in~ ling the surface finish accol ding to one embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2: shows the surface finish accolding to an alternative embodiment ofthe s invention whe~c;ill di~le--l size glass beads are used; and Figure 3: shows an alternative embodiment of the finish inrhl-ling other selected agglegales.
According to a prer~--t;d embodiment the surface finish ofthe present invention o . comprises a matrix of cement, water, an adhesive and glass beads forming the aggregate material.
The adhesive is introduced into the rnix with the water to f~rilit~te bonding b~lween the glass beads and the mortar. For this purpose known adhesives may be used such as 15 Xycrylic polymeriser mixed with a siliconiser to provide a merh~nical locking and thus binding between the beads and the mortar. In ~ltili~ing the surface finish of the present invention, many variations of aggregate mix can be achieved to provide di~ t;nl aesthetic, bonding and structural effects The blend proportions and constituents over and above the ess~nti~l con~tit~l~nt~ are primarily determined by the particular20 application of the surface coating and more particularly whether it would be used on a hofi~olllal~ vertical or sloping ~ub~ le surface. The nature and quality of the substrate material is also a dete.. nalll ofthe mix.
Referring to figure 1 there is shown a surface finish 1 applied to the surface of a structural 25 element 2. Surface finish 1 comprises a matrix formed from at least a c~ ;lous material 3 and water into which is mixed spherical glass beads 4 which may be of the same or di~l ellt sizes. Preferably, the beads fall within a size range 0. lmm to 200mm but the ideal range from which beads would be selected and thus the most collllllollly used beads would be in the order of 1 to 15mm.
The glass beads provide a large surface area for binding with the c~ ;lQus m~teri~l 3.
However, in order to çl-h~nce the natural adhesion betweel- the glass beads 4 and cement 3 wo gs/22662 2 1 8 2 ~ 4 7 pcrlAu95looo75 an adhesive is added which has the effect of chemically abrading or etching the smooth surface of the glass beads to provide proper adhesion. The adhesive is either a powder or Iiquid co~ l iS;ng a mixture of a siliconiser and a polymeriser. The polymeriser retards the set so to colllpellsale for this, the siliconiser accelerates the set. The polymeriser fortifies the 5 cement mix, increases haldness, durability, bonding capability and ch~nnic~l le~ nce to alkalinity bleed from the glass beads. The surface finish is prepared by mixing the cementitous material with the glass beads in a slurry which is formed by adding water and an adhesive. Most of the glass beads are distributed throughout the slurry to ensure consistent structural integrity of the surface finish matrix.
Ideally, the outer surface 5 of the surface finish matrix is formed by glass beads near the surfiace which sit proud of the ce~ ;lous material. Ideally, the surface area plt;se~ g to and rclll-mg the outside of the surface finish would be 30% to 60% of the surface area of each bead but preferably closer to 60%. Thus, 30% of the beads along the surface 5 would 15 be visible above the surface upon completion of the finish. The proportion of the glass beads which are exposed is determined largely by the amount of washing of the surface prior to final setting of the surface finish. This has the effect of washing away the layer of mortar nearest the outside thereby exposing the glass beads close to the surface of the matrix. The glass beads interlock within the matrix providing resi~t~nce against various forces applied to the 20 surface finish such as tensile, co".l,.t;ssiv-e or bending forces ~nh~nring the structural integrity of the finish. The interlocking also prevents the t~n-l~ncy of glass beads to spall off from the matrix thereby preserving the inleglily ofthe surface finish. Accoldil~ to a prerelled embodiment, the bead sizes throughout the matrix are varied. For ~ ce, for a particular surface finish one may choose beads from the sizes 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12 and 15mm wl.er~y the 25 smaller ~i~meter beads would assume the spaces b~;lween the larger ~i~meter beads in a given finish thereby rnh~nr.ing the interlocking between the beads. Accolding to one embodiment, the surface finish would have a ratio of c~ .l;lous material to glass beads of 1:1.
Altt;~lalively, the ratio would be 5:4. The colour ofthe cement mortar which is used determines the colour ~ ;lled by the glass beads. As the beads are clear they are 30 internally reflective. If white cement is used, the glass beads tend to reflect a white colour, whereas if a darker cement such as grey is used, the bead reflection would be grey. Thus, the wo 95/22662 2 1 8 2 9 ~ 7 PCI/AU95/00075 beads reflect the colour of the cement that is used. In another embodiment a mixture of coloured beads may be used so that a mixed colour effect is achieved.
In an alternative embodiment, the matrix is plepaled by s~lectin~ in addition to the glass 5 beàds ag~;. t;gdles sPIected from earth materials such as semi precious gems, precious gems, sands or quartz, marble and pebble aggregates.
Preferably, beads mixed with other aggregates should be mixed with substantially the same size aggregate as the beads to achieve proper grading within and adequate ~1, el,gl}l of the matrix. For in~tqn~e, if a 3mm bead size is chosen as the predonl,nalll bead, then if there is to be used an additional aggregate material, a 3mm size aggregate should be chosen. In an alternative embodiment, the plopol ~ion of the cçmpntitous material may be greater than the plopollion of glass beads by weight with the selection of proportions rlictqted by the particular application of the surface finish. To ~nhqnce adhesion b~w~ell the glass beads and 1S the cement an adhesive is introduced. In addition to the adhesive, other admixtures are used accol ling to the pl Opel lies of the surface finish required. The ratio of atlmixh-re to cement used would preferably be in the region of 250ml to 40 kg by weight of cement.
The propol lions of the mixed con~tit~lçnt.s which make up the matrix are determined 20 accordillg to the particul. r applicalion and appeal ance required for the surface finish. Thus, ~"~JIes of blends would be 50% glass beads to 50% sele~,led aggregate such as pebbles, 75% glass bead to 25% gem stones, 70% glass bead to 30% gem stones. Bead or aggregate ratio selection depends on the surface finish required. Thus, the ratio is ç~c~ntislly determined by choice for a particular p,u?o"ion of bead le~uired to be seen plc.r..;n~ely on 25 the surface of the mix.
When the surface finish is used in structures in contact with water, a water proofing additive is desirable. The water proofing agent should be of the c~ ous crystalline type that ch~micqlly controls and p~;~",~n~..lly fixes non-soluble crystalline growth throughout the 30 capillary voids ofthe cement. The admixture should be used to pel...~ ...lly v~,a~elyloor structures either above or below ground where water ingress is a predicted pl obl~ . The adhesive may also act as a waterproofing agent. The weight of the ad"~iAlule per cubic meter wo 95/22662 2 1 8 2 9 4 7 PCT/AU95/00075 of surface finish is detemlined according to the level of water pressure to which the structure is likely to be subjected. Furthermore, where the waterproofing mixture is used, the amount - of water required for the slurry will reduce by 5 to 20 litres per cubic metre depending on the dosage rate and mix design. The water proofing admixture can also act as a set lelald~L
5 Thus, when a water proofing ~-lmixtl~re is used precautions must be used to adjust the mixture to accommodate the effects that the water proofing atlmixtllre has on the matrix.
The waterproofing admixture which may also be Xycrilic polymeriser also has the advantage of increasing adhesive ~ll englll and bonding although in doing this it slightly retards the setting time but as indicated, this is compensated for by the use of a siliconiser which has an o accelerating effect on setting ofthe cement.
Figure 2 shows an altemative embodiment of the invention this time showing the surface finish co"l~;.,ing beads of varying sizes. Thus, beads 6 fall in the upper end ofthe size range, beads 7 in the middle and beads 8 in the lower end. These beads may be spherical and regular 15 or irregular.
Figure 3 shows the finish fommed with beads of di~relenl sizes as in figure 2 however, in this embodiment the finish also in~h1des a non glass aggregate 9 blended with aggregates 6, 7 and 8.
Accoldh1g to the method aspect, the invention may be realised by applying various methodological steps according to the selected mixture and application to which the surface finish will be put.
25 In the most n~-l;",~ y fomm a mix may be achieved by manual hand mixing such as in a bucket or wheelbarrow or by manual mixing on a flat surface. This is suitable for small applications but for larger applications a ~e~ nical mixing device should be used.
Plerel~bly, a paddle mixer is used such that the paddles are set offthe barrell bin with hard plastic blades att~hed to the end of the paddle to scrape and clean the bowl. This prevents .
30 crushing of the glass and grinding of the beads by the paddles against the barrel resulting in Cl ushin~; and degradation of the beads Where a finish is to be applied to a vertical surface, certain additional p~ ~?al ~lory steps are required. First the surface of the substrate is laid with wo 95122662 2 1 8 ~ 9 4 7 PCI/AU95/00075 a patch coat which seals the s.lbsL,~Ie material from unwanted bleed out. The patch coat co"~p,ises a slurry in~ lin~ a siliconiser, polymeriser, cement and water but no aggregate.
This mix must be mixed to the required paste con~i~t~ncy to ensure binding to the substrate.
Following this, the full mix is applied comprising cement, water, adhesive and sçlected glass 5 beads and if required, other aggregates. According to a ple~lled embodiment ofthe method aspect, the invention involves the following steps:
a) selecting a suitable cçm~.ntitous material of a predett;llllined colouration;b) selecting glass beads of a size within the range 0.1 to 200mm, mixing an adhesive into - lo water for mixing with the glass beads and c~ ;Lous material progressively adding the water to the mix during mixing until a slurry is formed at a predetermined consistency suitable for the selected laying application;
c) applying the matrix so formed to the surface of a structure;
d) allowing the matrix to soft set for a predesign~ted period;
5 e) washing away part of the c~m~ntitous material such that 30% to 60% of the surface area of a substantial number of glass beads on the fini~hed surface are exposed;f) allowing the matrix to hard set.
In an alternative embodiment the additives are introduced into the mix at the mixing step which 20 additives are selected from set retardants, waterproofing agents, and adhesives. The nature of the additive selected would be dtlelll"ned accolding to the application for the surface finish.
According to one embodiment of the method aspect, the mixture may also include the addition of aggregates selected from precious or semi-precious gems, sands crushed quartz, marble or 25 pebbles. These ag~;~ egales may be introduced during the early mixing phase when a slurry is formed or alternatively, a selec.ted aggregate may be broadcast on the surface finish just after laying and either before or after washing of the surface to expose the glass beads. The eco.. ~ ed method is however, to mix the ag~;l~dle sçlected with the matrix so the design con~i~tenCy of the finish is assured.
There are a large variety of applications to which the surface finish may be put. Once the matrix is mixed to the le~luiled conci~t~ncy~ it may be applied by hand acco,dh~g to rendering wo 95/22662 2 1 8 2 9 ~ 7 PCT/AUg5100075 ..
techniques either to ho~i~.ollLal, vertical and indeed surfaces of almost any shape. One application of the finish is in surfacing of ~w;lllllling pools, in which case waterproofing additives are required to be inr,l~lded in the matrix.
s As an alternative to the use of mortar it is possible to utilise vinyl based resins which may either be rolled onto a surface by hand, (called hand IZIII;I~AI;I~g) or alternatively sprayed with a suitable gun under air pressure. According to this application the gun sprays the beads, a catalyst and resin at once, leaving the beads to set in the clear finish formed on the surface.
As an alternative to the above described method aspect, it is possible to form tiles once the matrix has mixed and set. Thus, rather than immediately applying the surface finish after the required con~ictçncy is achieved upon mixing, the mixture can be placed in a mold and allowed to set thereby forming a tile which can later be used as a surfacing material over a structural or non-structural substrate such as prefabricated or precast panels for use in the s building industry inr.lu~ling high rise.
Where the surface finish is applied by use of a gun, the surface to which the finish is to be applied has an adhesive membrane applied to its surface to provide support for the glass beads and resin mixture when sprayed on under air pressure.
The beads used in the various applications of the present invention are made of glass. The main ingredient is silica, sand, soda ash and limestone. These are generally weighed during m~mlf~ctllre and mixed with minor ingredients such as metal oxides. The most commonly used beads are made from recycled glass and are spherical or irregularly shaped.
Tinting of the glass beads may be achieved by mixing colouration or by incorporating fine particles of metal such as gold or m~gneci~lm in the beads. Gold or m~gnP~illm will provide a red bead. Cobalt will provide a blue bead.
30 Although the pleÇelled shape for the glass beads is spherical it will be appreciated that other shapes may be used in the surface finish accordhlg to requil~lllellls. Such bead shapes would wo 95/22662 2 1 8 2 9 4 7 PCT/AUg5/00075 include for example, elliptical, oval, pear, rect~ng~ r, tri~ng~ r, cylindrical, prismic, hexagonal, octagonal and other prismic shapes.
The methodology of the present invention is particularly adaptable to pre-cast fabrication 5 whereby pre-cast structural lllclllbel ~ such as concrete panels which are cast in situ in factories may have applied to them the surface finish acco~-ling to the present invention and its various embodiments. Thus, the surface finish can be applied to building panels which may either be structural or cosmetic, moulded off site and plepaled with the surface finish prior to delivery. Apart from structural panels, panels may also be m~n~f~r.tllred in~.hll1in~
lo the surface finish when used for pavings, slabs, stepping stones, brick and tile pavers, floors, wall decorations.
According to one method of prefabrication, the surface finish is applied while the conclt:le which forms the pre-fabricated panel is still wet. The bead finish is then applied to the still 5 wet panel enabling the panel and the surface finish to combine in the one setting process.
This allows the surface finish to be integral with the setting and çnh~nces the overall structural integrity of the substrate.
Another application ofthe present invention is in the m~nllf~ctllre of bead sheeting which 20 involves applying the surface finish accoldhlg to the invention and its embo~lim~nt~ to netting, paper, synthetic, metal wooden or other surface. Once the surface finish sets, the ~heeting which forms the substructure surface finish may then be att~ched to a structure using an adhesive according to the surface to which the sl.e~ g is to be adhered. The bead sheetin~
or bead netting is applied to an c~ g structure using polylllelised siliconised adhesive.
25 Synthetic~lly based or c~ ;lQus based adhesive is used depending on the material or surface to which the sheet is to be adhered. Thus, the surface finish according to the invention and its various embo~im~nt~ has llulllelous applications in building and industry.
Among the applications are the use of the surface finish for reflective purposes and this is particularly useful in safety applications such as in mines, on roads and roadside structures, 30 airports for runway .lla,ki,lgs, on enl,allces to tunnels, platform edging and for o~ltlinin~
structures for night attention. Thus, the ~.lbsl~les to which the surface finish ofthe present invention may be applied are limited only to those having finish co"".aliblc surfaces and wo gsl22662 2 1 8 ~ 9 4 7 PCT/AU95~ 75 include a variety of materials surfaces and objects. Dependillg upon the subslldle material selected, a suitable adhesive is chosen or alternatively the substrate surface is pl epared in - order to receive and support the glass bead surface finish. The film may also be used in hl.e applications for in.ct~nce, in ill,...,;,~ g dangerous rock outcrops, channel 5 màrkings, pole markings, ferry wharfs and ellll~i-ces where reflective materials are required.
Yachts, boats, ships, etc. which require permanent reflective safety ..a-lullg may also have the finish applied. Other maritime applications include marker boys, colour coding of moorings, night illllmin~tion of ferry's, private wharfs, pontoons and obstructions in maritime waterways. Other maritime applications include safety lllal l~ings for wetsuits and surf boards.
0 .The glass beading may also be used in furniture applications inch1-1ing table tops, lounges and other items of furniture.
Other building applications include use of the surface finish for driveways, paths, courtyards, interior and exterior floors, garden edging, on le~ .;l-g walls, stepping stones and other applications where safety is required.
The glass beads are generally supplied by weight in qu~ntities according to predetermined proportions of bead sizes. As an example it is possible to obtain a bag of beads in~ ling 10% glass beads, size 1.4mm, 20% bead size 1.7mm and 70% bead size 2mm; as another example, a plepaled bag mixture may contain 10% beading at 2.8mm, 20% at 3.3.5mm and 70% at 4mm. In a further example, a mix bag of glass beads may include 10% at 2.3, 6mm, 20% at 2.8mm and 70% at 3.35mm.
It will be recognised by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and mo~ifi.~.~tions may be made to the invention as broadly desc- il,ed herein without departing from the overall spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (12)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A surface finish (1) for application to a substrate surface (2) of a structure or object wherein the surface (2) is disposed vertically, horizontally or is sloped, the surface finish (1) comprising a matrix formed from a combination of a cementitious material (3), water, glass beads (4) and an adhesive;
wherein the glass beads (4) are the same diameter or a blend of at least two different diametric sizes selected from the range 0.1 mm to 200 mm in diameter;
the finish (1) being characterised by at least a part of the surface area of the glass beads (4) being hidden in the cementitious material (3) with the remainder visible above the surface such that between 30% - 60% of the surface area of each bead (4) is visible above the surface of the cementitious material (3); said adhesive comprising a blend of a polymeriser and a siliconiser that enhances the adhesion between glass beads (4) and cementitious material (3) said glass beads (4) interlocking proximate adjacent beads (4) within the matrix so as to provide resistance against abrasion and tensile, bending and compression forces applied to said matrix by such influences as human and vehicular traffic.
wherein the glass beads (4) are the same diameter or a blend of at least two different diametric sizes selected from the range 0.1 mm to 200 mm in diameter;
the finish (1) being characterised by at least a part of the surface area of the glass beads (4) being hidden in the cementitious material (3) with the remainder visible above the surface such that between 30% - 60% of the surface area of each bead (4) is visible above the surface of the cementitious material (3); said adhesive comprising a blend of a polymeriser and a siliconiser that enhances the adhesion between glass beads (4) and cementitious material (3) said glass beads (4) interlocking proximate adjacent beads (4) within the matrix so as to provide resistance against abrasion and tensile, bending and compression forces applied to said matrix by such influences as human and vehicular traffic.
2. A surface finish (1) according to claim 1, wherein the beads (4) are graded within the matrix and are selected from sizes approximating 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12 and 15 mm in diameter.
3. A surface finish (1) according to claim 2, wherein the cementitious material (3)/
glass bead (4) ratio is 1:1 by wt.
glass bead (4) ratio is 1:1 by wt.
4. A surface finish (1) according to claim 2, wherein the proportion of glass beads (4) within the matrix is greater than the proportion of cementitious material (3) by wt.
5. A surface finish according to claim 2, wherein the proportion of cementitious material (3) is greater than the proportion of glass beads (4) by wt.
6. A surface finish according to claim 5, wherein the proportion of cementitious material (3) to glass beads (4) is 8:5 by wt.
7. A surface finish (1) according to claims 4, 5 or 6, further comprising aggregate selection from the group comprising semi-precious gems, sands or crushed quartz, marble or pebble.
8. A surface finish (1) according to claim 7, wherein the matrix also comprises an additive or additives selected from the group consisting of polymers, set retardants, set accelerators and waterproofing agents.
9. A surface finish (1) according to claim 8, wherein the finish thickness falls within the range of 1 mm to 150 mm.
10. A method of preparing a surface finish (1) on the surface of a structure or object wherein the surface (2) is disposed vertically, horizontally or is sloped, comprising the steps of:
selecting a cementitious material (3); selecting glass beads (4) from within the size range of 0.1 mm to 200 mm diameter; mixing the cementitious material (3) with the selected bead sizes, water and an adhesive to form a matrix of a predetermined consistency;
and applying the matrix to the surface of the structure or object which provides a substrate;
wherein the method is characterised by removing part of the cementitious material (3) by washing away part of the cementitious material such that 30 - 60% of the surface area of glass beads (4) on the surface of the matrix is exposed, hydrochloric acid being used when the washing is performed after hard setting;
the adhesive being a mixture of a polymeriser and a siliconiser that enhances the adhesion between the glass beads (4) and the cementitious material (3).
selecting a cementitious material (3); selecting glass beads (4) from within the size range of 0.1 mm to 200 mm diameter; mixing the cementitious material (3) with the selected bead sizes, water and an adhesive to form a matrix of a predetermined consistency;
and applying the matrix to the surface of the structure or object which provides a substrate;
wherein the method is characterised by removing part of the cementitious material (3) by washing away part of the cementitious material such that 30 - 60% of the surface area of glass beads (4) on the surface of the matrix is exposed, hydrochloric acid being used when the washing is performed after hard setting;
the adhesive being a mixture of a polymeriser and a siliconiser that enhances the adhesion between the glass beads (4) and the cementitious material (3).
11. A method for preparing a surface finish (1) according to claim 10, comprising the further steps of adding during the mixing step one or more admixtures selected from set retardants, waterproofing agents and the set accelerators.
12. A method according to claim 11 comprising a further step of:
a) selecting an additional aggregate/s from the group of precious or semi-precious gems, sands or crushed quartz, marble or pebbles, b) broadcasting the selected aggregates into the mix following a washing phase of the application of the surface finish.
a) selecting an additional aggregate/s from the group of precious or semi-precious gems, sands or crushed quartz, marble or pebbles, b) broadcasting the selected aggregates into the mix following a washing phase of the application of the surface finish.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPM3887A AUPM388794A0 (en) | 1994-02-16 | 1994-02-16 | Beadcrete |
| AUPM3887 | 1994-02-16 | ||
| PCT/AU1995/000075 WO1995022662A1 (en) | 1994-02-16 | 1995-02-16 | Surface finish of cementitous nature and containing glass beads |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2182947A1 CA2182947A1 (en) | 1995-08-24 |
| CA2182947C true CA2182947C (en) | 2003-04-29 |
Family
ID=3778504
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002182947A Expired - Lifetime CA2182947C (en) | 1994-02-16 | 1995-02-16 | Surface finish of cementitous nature and containing glass beads |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0745164B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3405730B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100439705B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1152174C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE201468T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AUPM388794A0 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9506697A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2182947C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69521032T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2161282T3 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ281144A (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2162913C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995022662A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6692566B2 (en) | 1994-02-16 | 2004-02-17 | Beadcrete Pty, Ltd. | Surface finish of cementitious nature and containing glass beads |
| FR2770213B1 (en) * | 1997-10-27 | 1999-11-26 | Screg | TRAFFIC COVERINGS OR RELATED REFLECTIVE ELEMENTS, AND COMPOSITION THEREOF |
| KR100290455B1 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 2001-06-01 | 조경래 | Indication paper of signpost using glass bead |
| EP1082274A1 (en) | 1998-05-01 | 2001-03-14 | Mbt Holding Ag | Integrated retroreflective marking materials |
| FR2809422B1 (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2003-08-01 | France Etat | DEVICE CAPABLE OF REPRODUCING THE ADHESION CHARACTERISTICS OF A VEHICLE ON A SNOW-COVERED OR COVERED GROUND |
| DE10152060A1 (en) * | 2001-10-25 | 2003-05-08 | Siltrade Gmbh | Plastering system contains small glass spheres which have a higher index of refraction and are coated with transparent, highly wear resistant colored dyes in a network pattern |
| GB0216923D0 (en) * | 2002-07-20 | 2002-08-28 | Daniel Christopher P | Reflective boat sign |
| DE10321602B4 (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2005-11-10 | Luhmann Gmbh | Pressure vessel for covered installation |
| DE102005015344A1 (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-05 | Sf-Kooperation Gmbh Beton-Konzepte | A method of making a soil cover and concrete body for making such a soil cover |
| US20110059295A1 (en) * | 2009-09-08 | 2011-03-10 | Flint Trading, Inc. | Retroreflective pavement marking with improve performance in wet night conditions |
| JP2011197022A (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2011-10-06 | Taisei Corp | Method for manufacturing reflector |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR726252A (en) * | 1930-11-16 | 1932-05-26 | Paving process | |
| FR859180A (en) * | 1939-08-18 | 1940-12-12 | Improvements to concrete coverings for floors, roads or other similar surfaces | |
| GB905988A (en) * | 1960-02-09 | 1962-09-19 | Rock Fabricates And Mining Cor | Fabrication of composite surfaces and structures |
| FR1269116A (en) * | 1960-06-14 | 1961-08-11 | Salviam | Semi-rigid coatings |
| SE356543B (en) * | 1972-01-31 | 1973-05-28 | N Schrewelius | |
| GB1397737A (en) * | 1971-09-28 | 1975-06-18 | Langtry Langton J A | Road surfacing |
| CH562372A5 (en) * | 1973-05-16 | 1975-05-30 | Liguori Philippe N Di | Glass spheroid reflective highway surface - varies brightness of reflection by altering proportion of spheroids in mix |
| DE2457766A1 (en) * | 1973-09-19 | 1976-06-10 | Montagebeton Gmbh | Glass inlay for concrete slabs - uses mould with surface indentations for glass beads set in concrete and plastics |
| US4579891A (en) * | 1984-11-06 | 1986-04-01 | Miraco, Inc. | Feldspar containing protective composition |
| JPS61140302U (en) * | 1985-02-22 | 1986-08-30 | ||
| JPS6255607U (en) * | 1985-09-20 | 1987-04-07 | ||
| JPH03187403A (en) * | 1989-12-15 | 1991-08-15 | Maeda Seikan Kk | Manufacture of concrete product having recurrent reflective surface |
| JPH0796766B2 (en) * | 1990-09-10 | 1995-10-18 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | Interlocking block |
| JP2821945B2 (en) * | 1990-10-12 | 1998-11-05 | 吉野理化工業株式会社 | Method of manufacturing retroreflective block |
| GB9106946D0 (en) * | 1991-04-03 | 1991-05-22 | R S Clare & Company Limited | Road marking compositions |
| EP0518854A1 (en) | 1991-06-13 | 1992-12-16 | Ebenseer Betonwerke Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Concrete block for traffic areas |
| WO1993018233A1 (en) * | 1992-03-06 | 1993-09-16 | Plastiroute S.A. | Reflective bodies made of transparent material to be applied on traffic surfaces or traffic guiding surfaces |
| JPH086430B2 (en) * | 1992-04-09 | 1996-01-24 | ニチエー吉田株式会社 | How to waterproof exposed concrete |
-
1994
- 1994-02-16 AU AUPM3887A patent/AUPM388794A0/en not_active Abandoned
-
1995
- 1995-02-16 BR BR9506697A patent/BR9506697A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-02-16 CN CNB951922327A patent/CN1152174C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-02-16 EP EP95909580A patent/EP0745164B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-02-16 JP JP52146795A patent/JP3405730B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-02-16 KR KR1019960704493A patent/KR100439705B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-02-16 DE DE69521032T patent/DE69521032T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-02-16 WO PCT/AU1995/000075 patent/WO1995022662A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-02-16 AT AT95909580T patent/ATE201468T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-02-16 NZ NZ281144A patent/NZ281144A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-02-16 RU RU96118433/28A patent/RU2162913C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-02-16 CA CA002182947A patent/CA2182947C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-02-16 ES ES95909580T patent/ES2161282T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3405730B2 (en) | 2003-05-12 |
| EP0745164B1 (en) | 2001-05-23 |
| ATE201468T1 (en) | 2001-06-15 |
| DE69521032T2 (en) | 2002-03-21 |
| JPH10500184A (en) | 1998-01-06 |
| WO1995022662A1 (en) | 1995-08-24 |
| CN1144547A (en) | 1997-03-05 |
| RU2162913C2 (en) | 2001-02-10 |
| NZ281144A (en) | 1998-06-26 |
| EP0745164A1 (en) | 1996-12-04 |
| KR970701291A (en) | 1997-03-17 |
| EP0745164A4 (en) | 1997-05-14 |
| DE69521032D1 (en) | 2001-06-28 |
| CA2182947A1 (en) | 1995-08-24 |
| KR100439705B1 (en) | 2004-10-14 |
| AUPM388794A0 (en) | 1994-03-10 |
| BR9506697A (en) | 1997-09-09 |
| CN1152174C (en) | 2004-06-02 |
| ES2161282T3 (en) | 2001-12-01 |
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