CA2165700A1 - Intermediate thickness and multiple furnace process line with slab storage and slab sequencing - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and apparatus of making coiled plate, sheet in coiled form or discrete plate. The apparatus includes a continuous strip caster forming a strand of intermediate thickness; a shear for cutting the strand into a plurality of slabs of desired lengths; a slab sequencing and storing device; one or two reheat furnaces for selectively reheating the slabs; a feed and run back table at the exit of one reheat furnace; a single or twin stand hot reversing mill for reducing the slab to a coiling thickness in a number of flat passes; and a pair of coiler furnaces located on opposite sides of the hot reversing mill.

Description

216~700 lN-l~K~EDIATE THI~KN~ AND MULTIPLE FURNA OE
PRO OE SS LINE WITH SLAR STORAGE AND SLAR SE~u _lN~
FIELD OF l~ lNV~ lON
This invention relates to the continuous casting and rolling of slabs and, more particularly, to an integrated intermediate thickness caster and a hot reversing mill with flexibility in slab sourcing, sequencing and storage with the ability to roll thin gauge products.

R~G~OUND OF THE lNv~.llON
Since the advent of the continuous casting of slabs in the steel industry, companies have been trying to combine the hot strip mill with the continuous caster through an inline arrangement so as to maximize production capability and minimize the equipment and capital investment required. The initial efforts in this regard consisted of integrating continuous casters producing slabs on the order of 6 to 10 inches (152.4 to 254 millimeters) with existing continuous or semicontinuous hot strip mills.
These existing hot strip mills included a reheat furnace, a roughing train (or a reversing rougher) and a six or seven stand finishing mill with a capacity of 1.5 to 5 million tons (1.4 to 4.5 million metric tons) per year.
This arrangement is the present day design of large steel company hot mills, and it is unlikely that new hot strip mills of this design would ever be built due to the high capital cost. The quest for low cost integrated caster hot strip mills is not solved by current designs. Further, such prior art integrated mills were extremely inflexible as to product mix and thus current market requirements.
These difficulties gave rise to the development of the so-called thin slab continuous hot strip mill which typically produces 1,000,000 tons (907,185 metric tons) of steel per year as standard products. These mills have been integrated with thin slab casters on the order of two inches (50.8 mm) or less. Such integrated thin slab casters are enjoying increased popularity but are not without serious drawbacks of their own. Significant drawbacks include the quality and quantity limitations associated with the thin slab casters. Specifically, the trumpet-type mold necessary to provide the metal for the thin slab can cause high frictional forces and stresses along the surface of the thin wall slab which leads to poor surface quality in the finished product. Further, the two-inch (50.8 mm) strip casters are limited to a single tundish life of approximately seven heats because of the limited metal capacity of the mold.
Most importantly, the thin casters, by necessity, have to cast at high speeds to prevent the metal from freezing in the current ladle arrangements. This, in turn, requires the tunnel furnace which is just downstream of the slab caster to be extremely long, often on the order of 500 feet (152.4 meters), in order to accommodate the speed of the slab and still be able to provide the heat input to a thin slab (two inches)(50.8 mm) which loses heat at a very high rate. Since the slab also leaves the furnace at a high speed, one needs the multistand continuous hot strip mill to accommodate the rapidly moving strip and roll it to sheet and strip thicknesses. However, such a system is still unbalanced at normal widths since the caster has a capacity of about 800,000 tons (about 725,750 metric tons) per year and the continuous mill has a capacity as great as 5 million tons (4.54 million metric tons) per year. The capital cost of such a system then approaches that of the earlier prior art systems which the system was intended to replace.
In addition, the scale loss as a percentage of slab thickness is substantial for the two inch (50.8 mm) thin cast slab. Because of the extremely long furnace, one must provide a long roller hearth which becomes very 216~70~

maintenance intensive because of the exposed rotating rollers.
It has been suggested that light gauge hot band on the order of 0.040 inch (1.016 mm) be rolled from these two inch (50.8 mm) slabs. However, in the case of low carbon steels, the thermal decay is too great on a multistand continuous mill making it impossible to achieve the necessary finishing temperatures; and in the case of low alloy high-strength steels, it has been reported that the two inch thick slab does not produce the reduction required for high-strength low alloy steel which then causes a coarse microstructure which must then be refined through special temperature treatments which are greater than for the cold charging of the same microalloyed steel grade, "Optimisation of hot rolling schedule for direct charging of thin slabs of Nb-V microalloyed steel", N.
Zentara and R. Kaspar, Materials Science and TechnoloqY, May 1994.
The typical multistand hot strip mill, likewise, requires a substantive amount of work in a short time which must be provided for by larger horsepower rolling stands which, in some cases, can exceed the energy capabilities of a given area, particularly in the case of emerging countries. Thin slab casters, likewise, are limited as to product width because of the difficulty in using vertical edgers on a two inch (50.8 mm) slab. Further problems associated with the thin strip casters include the problems associated with keeping the various inclusions formed during steel-making away from the surface of the thin slab where such inclusions can lead to surface defects if exposed. Furthermore, existing systems are limited in scale removal because thin slabs lose heat rapidly and are thus adversely affected by the high-pressure water normally used to break up the scale.

21~S700 ..

In addition, this thin strip process can only operate in a continuous manner, which means that a breakdown anywhere in the process stops the entire line, often causing scrapping of the entire product then being processed.
The integration of a slab caster with any hot rolling mill requires a synchronizing of the casting and rolling of slabs. Without the ability to decouple the casting and rolling of slabs in such an integrated system, a breakdown anywhere in the process stops the entire line, possibly resulting in the scrapping of the entire product then being processed. The casting and rolling of slabs can be effectively decoupled by providing the ability to transfer a cast slab to a slab storage area. However, this solution is inefficient. The slab is transferred to an external slab storage area such that when the mill is brought back on-line, a substantial amount of energy is required to bring the slabs back to an appropriate rolling temperature. Several other approaches have been attempted to address this particular problem. These include retaining or storing hot slabs in a heating furnace or in a thermal insulating chamber. However, these solutions have also had certain drawbacks, including the space required and the capital expense involved.
It is an object of our invention to integrate an intermediate thickness slab caster with a hot reversing mill. It is a further object to adopt a system which balances the rate of the caster to the rate of the rolling mill and provides for decoupling of the caster from the mill, as needed. It is also an object of our invention to adopt a system using less thermal and electrical energy.
It is still a further object to adopt an automated system with small capital investment, reasonable floor space requirements, reasonably powered rolling equipment and low operating costs. It is a further object to provide ~ `~ 2165700 flexibility in slab sourcing, sequencing and storage, and to economically accommodate increased demand for light gauge wide strip.

SUMMARY OF THE lNv~.LlON
Our invention provides for a versatile, integrated caster and minimill capable of producing at least 650,000 and preferably in excess of 1 million finished tons (at least 589,670 and preferably in excess of 987,185 finished metric tons) a year with a divergent product mix. Such a facility can produce product 24 to 120 inches (610 to 3,048 mm) wide and can routinely produce a product of 800 PIW with 1,200 PIW being possible. This is accomplished using a casting facility having a fixed and adjustable width mold with a straight, rectangular cross section without the trumpet-type mold. The caster has a mold which contains enough liquid volume to provide sufficient time to make flying tundish changes, thereby not limiting the caster run to a single tundish life. Our invention provides a slab approximately two to three times as thick as the thin cast slab, thereby losing much less heat and requiring a lesser input of BTU's of energy. Our invention provides a slab having a lesser scale loss due to reduced surface area per volume and permits the use of one or two reheat or equalizing furnaces with minimal maintenance required. Further, our invention provides a caster which can operate at conventional caster speeds and conventional descaling techniques. Our invention provides for the selection of the optimum thickness cast slab to be used in conjunction with a twin stand, tandem hot reversing mill providing a balanced production capability. Our invention has the ability to separate the casting from the rolling if there is a delay in either end. Our invention provides for hot slab storage if the delay is in the rolling. Our invention provides for the easy removal of 216~700 transitional slabs formed when molten metal chemistry changes or width changes are made in the caster.
Furthermore, our invention provides for easily bringing cold slabs into the processing line. Such slabs may be outsourced (i.e., slabs not formed by the caster) and may be thicker than those which may be cast by the caster.
This versatility will allow the processing line to be operated at the respective capacity of the individual components and allows for various portions of the line to be independently operated. This outsourcing of slabs also permits the product mix to include steel grades beyond the capability of the steel-making facility which forms a part of any given integrated process.
All of the above advantages are realized while maintaining the advantages of a thin caster which include low ferrostatic head, low weight of slab, straight molds, shorter length molds, smaller required mold radii, low cooling requirements, low burning costs or shear capacity and simplified machine constructions.
Our invention provides an intermediate thickness slab caster integrated with a hot strip and plate line which includes at least one reheat or equalizing furnace capable of receiving slabs directly from the caster, from a slab collection and storage area positioned adjacent a slab conveyor table exiting the continuous caster or from another area. One embodiment of the present invention includes a slab container capable of receiving slabs from the caster. A feed and run back table is positioned at the exit end of one of the reheat furnaces and inline with a twin stand hot reversing mill having a coiler furnace positioned on either side thereof. In one embodiment of the present invention the feed and run back table is in alignment with the coiler such that the reheat furnace may be selectively bypassed. The mill can reduce a cast slab to a thickness of about one inch (25.4 mm) or less in a - `- 216S700 minimum number of flat passes, about three or four flat passes. The combination coil, coiled plate, sheet in coil form or discrete plate finishing line extends inline and downstream of the hot reversing mill and the coiler furnaces. The finishing facilities may include a cooling station, a downcoiler, a plate table, a shear, a cooling bed crossover, a plate side and end shear and a piler.
To achieve the necessary balance between the hot reversing mill and the caster, it is preferable to cast slabs having a thickness of about 3 to about 6 inches (about 76 to about 152 mm) and preferably between about 3.5 to about 5.5 inches (about 88.9 to about 139.7 mm). As used herein, the term intermediate thickness is generally intended to define such slabs, although in certain specialty steels such as stainless steel intermediate thickness slabs may extend up to about 8 inches (about 203 mm). The cast slabs are reduced to a thickness capable of being coiled and normally about one inch (about 25.4 mm) or less in four flat passes on the hot reversing mill before starting the coiling of the intermediate product between the coiler furnaces as it is further reduced to the desired finished product thickness. In order to provide the capability of making coiled plate, discrete plate and sheet in coil form up to 1,000 PIW and higher, slab width may vary from 24 to 120 inches (610 to 3,048 mm).
One processing line of the present invention includes an intermediate thickness continuous strip caster with an inline shear downstream of the caster for cutting a cast strand into an intermediate thickness slab of the desired length. A slab conveyor table is provided inline with the shear and a slab loading and unloading mechanism positioned adjacent the conveyor for supplying slabs thereto. A slab collection and storage area is adjacent the slab loading and unloading mechanism for receiving and supplying slabs thereto. At least one reheat furnace is - - 216~700 provided having an entry end inline with the slab conveyor table for receiving slabs therefrom and supplying reheated slabs to a feed and run back table positioned at the exit end of the reheat furnace. A hot reversing mill is provided inline with the feed and run back table for reducing a slab on the feed and run back table to an intermediate product having a thickness sufficient for coiling in a number of flat passes. Two spaced coiler furnaces are positioned inline with the feed and run back table, with one located upstream of the hot reversing mill and the other located downstream thereof. The coiler furnaces are capable of receiving and paying out the intermediate product as it is passed between the coiler furnaces and through the hot reversing mill so as to be reduced to an end product. A finishing line is provided downstream and inline with the coiler furnaces and the hot reversing mill.
In the above-described apparatus, the hot reversing mill includes a pair of four-high rolling mill stands adapted to be operated in tandem with an adjustable vertical edger positioned between the pair of rolling mill stands. Additionally, the slab loading and unloading means includes a first slab transfer device adjacent the slab conveyor table and operable transverse to the slab conveyor table, wherein the feed and run back table is positioned adjacent an end of the first slab transfer device. A
second slab transfer device is adjacent the feed and run back table, wherein the slab collection and storage area is adapted to receive slabs from and supply slabs to the second slab transfer device. Additionally, this embodiment of the present invention may include a second reheat furnace having an entry end inline with a feed and run back table and an exit end inline with the slab conveyor table.
The method of operation of processing coil plate, sheet in coil form or discrete plate according to the present invention includes providing an intermediate thickness continuous caster and inline shear for casting an intermediate thickness strand and shearing the strand into a slab of predetermined length. Additionally, a slab loading and unloading device adjacent the slab collection and storage area for moving slabs between a position inline with the intermediate thickness caster and the slab collection and storage area is provided.
As discussed above, one embodiment of the present invention may include a slab container which includes a vertically movable carriage adapted to engage a lowermost slab and a stack of the slabs, wherein the slabs in the stack are directly contacting each other. Insulation may be provided to surround at least the sides and top of the stack. In one embodiment of the invention, the carriage may be mounted on a track within an insulated slab holding pit with a cover adapted to enclose the slab holding pit.
In a second embodiment, the carriage may include one or two pairs of slab engaging arms adapted to engage and support a lowermost slab in the stack of slabs. The slab engaging arms are preferably movable to accommodate varying slab widths and include insulating side and top members attached to each slab engaging arm. The top members of the insulation on respective slab engaging arms are configured to overlap each other, allowing for movement of the slab engaging arms to accommodate the varying widths of the slabs.
A slab originating from either the intermediate thickness caster, the slab container (if provided) or the slab collection and storage area is fed to an inline heating furnace. The slab to be reduced is extracted from the inline heating furnace onto a continuous processing line which includes a hot reversing mill having a coiler furnace on each of the upstream and downstream sides thereof. The slab to be worked is passed back and forth 216~00 through the reversing mill to form an intermediate product of a thickness capable of being coiled. The intermediate product is coiled in one of the coiler furnaces. The coiled intermediate product is passed back and forth through the mill to reduce the coiled intermediate product to an end product of desired thickness, the intermediate product being collected in and fed out of each of the coiler furnaces on each pass through the hot reversing mill. The end product may be finished into one of either coiled plate, discrete plate or sheet in coil form.
The method according to the present invention also provides that some of the coil slabs may bypass the heating furnace if the temperature of the slab is sufficient for rolling; additionally, some of the slabs supplied to the heating furnace may be outsourced (i.e., slabs which were not cast in the intermediate thickness caster). These outsourced slabs may have a thickness greater than slabs cast by the intermediate thickness caster and/or a chemistry different from that which can be produced on the melting/refining furnace(s) associated with the caster. The hot reversing mills of the present invention include a pair of rolling mill stands adapted for operation in tandem further including an adjustable vertical edger positioned between the pair of rolling mill stands. The method of the present invention may include a second heating furnace adjacent the inline heating furnace to provide for a wide versatility in slab sourcing, sequencing and processing, as will be described in detail hereln .

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF 1~ DRAWINGS
Figs. lA and lB are schematics illustrating an intermediate thickness strip caster and inline hot reversing mill and coiler furnace arrangement according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

~`` 21~570~
_ Fig. 2 is a schematic illustrating an intermediate thickness strip caster and inline hot reversing mill and coiler furnace arrangement with multiple reheat and equalizing furnaces according to a second 5 embodiment of the present invention;
Figs. 3A and 3B are schematic illustrations of a third embodiment for the intermediate thickness strip caster and inline hot reversing mill and coiler furnace arrangement according to the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of one embodiment of a slab storage container shown schematically in Figs. 3A
and 3 B;
Fig. 5 is a side view of another embodiment of a slab storage container shown schematically in Figs. 3A and 15 3B; and Fig. 6 is a front view of the slab storage container shown in Fig. 5.

DESCRIPTION OF l~ PR~KK~V EMBODIMENT
The intermediate thickness slab caster and inline 20 hot strip and plate line of a first embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. lA. This embodiment is well suited for slab sequencing as will be discussed hereinafter. One or more electric melting furnaces 26 provide the molten metal at the entry end of 25 our combination caster and strip and plate line 25. The molten metal is fed into a ladle furnace 28 prior to being fed into the caster 30. The caster 30 feeds into a mold (curved or straight) 32 of rectangular cross section.
A torch cutoff (or shear) 34 is positioned at the 30 exit end of the mold 32 to cut the strand of now solidified metal into an intermediate thickness slab, about 3.0 to 6 inches (about 76 to about 152 mm) thick, of the d~sired length which also has a width of 24 to 120 inches (610 to 3048 mm).
.

_ 21657~0 The slab then feeds on a feed and run back table 52 to a slab takeoff area where it may be removed from the feed and run back table 52 by a movable slab transfer table 35 operating transverse to the feed and run back table 52.
5 The slabs are moved by the slab transfer table 35 to a table conveyor 36 to be charged into a furnace 42 or removed from the inline processing and stored in a slab collection and storage area 40 which normally will house slab conditioning facilities of one type or another. The provision of the easily accessible slab collection and storage area allows for a decoupling of the caster and the downstream processing. For example, if the mill goes off-line during a casting, the r~m~;n;ng casts may be forwarded to the slab collection and storage area. Additionally, if 15 the caster were off-line, then the downstream processing can be continued with outsourced slabs. The slab collection and storage area 40 allows individual slabs to be collected for individual surface processing to address defects in individual slabs. The preferred furnace is of 20 the walking beam type although a walking hearth furnace could also be utilized in certain applications. Full-size slabs 44 and discrete length slabs 46 for certain plate products are shown within walking beam furnace 42. Slabs 38, which are located in the slab collection and storage 25 area 40, may also be fed into the furnace 42 by means of slab pushers 48 or charging arm devices located for indirect charging of walking beam furnace 42 with slabs 38.
It is also possible to charge slabs from other slab yards or storage areas. Where slabs are introduced from the slab 30 collection and storage area 40 or from the off-line locations, the furnace 42 must have the capacity to add Btu's to bring the slabs up to rolling temperatures.
Because the intermediate thickness slabs retain heat to a much greater extent than the thin slabs, 35 temperature equalization is all that is required in many modes of operation. Additionally, for certain cast slabs, the internal temperature throughout the slab as it is received on the feed and run back table 52 may be sufficient for rolling directly. In this situation, the 5 slab may be fed directly to downstream processing, bypassing the furnace 42. It is also anticipated that a second furnace may be positioned upstream of the first furnace 42 to increase the flexibility and the control of the current system.
The various slabs are fed through the furnace 42 in a conventional manner and are removed by slab extractors 50 and placed on the feed and run back table 52. Descaler 53 and/or a vertical edger 54 can be utilized on the intermediate thickness slabs. A vertical edger normally 15 could not be used with a slab of only 2 inches (50.8 mm) or less.
Downstream of feed and run back table 52 and vertical edger 54 is a single stand hot reversing mill 56 having an upstream and a downstream coiler furnace 58 and 20 60, respectively. Run out table 61 and cooling station 62 are downstream of coiler furnace 60. Downstream of cooling station 62 is a coiler 66 operated in conjunction with a coil car 67 followed by a plate table 64 operated in conjunction with a shear 68. The final product is either 25 coiled on coiler 66 and removed by coil car 67 as sheet in strip or coil plate form or is sheared into plate form for further processing inline. A plate product is transferred by transfer table 70 which includes a cooling bed onto a final processing line 71. The final processing line 71 30 includes a plate side shear 72, plate end shear 74 and plate piler 76. Of course, the plate product facility is omitted where only coil or coil and sheet product are desired.
The advantages of the subject invention come 35 about as the result of the operating parameters employed \ -and the sequencing flexibility available with the current design. The cast strand should have an intermediate thickness, generally between about 3.0 inches to about 6 inches (about 76 to about 152 mm) , preferably between 3.5 inches to 5.5 inches (about 88.9 to about 139.7 mm). The width can generally vary between 24 inches and 100 inches (610 mm and 2,540 mm) to produce a product up to 1,000 PIW
and higher.
The slab is flat passed back and forth through hot reversing mill 56 in a minimum number of flat passes achieving a slab thickness of about 1 inch (25.4 mm) or less. The intermediate product is then coiled in the appropriate coiler furnace, which in the case of three flat passes would be downstream coiler furnace 60. Thereafter, the intermediate product is passed back and forth through hot reversing mill 56 and between the coiler furnaces to achieve the desired thickness for the sheet in coil form, the coil plate or the plate product. The number of passes to achieve the final product thickness may vary but normally may be done in nine passes which include the initial flat passes. On the final pass, which normally originates from upstream coiler furnace 58, the strip of the desired thickness is rolled in the hot reversing mill and continues through the cooling station 62 where it is appropriately cooled for coiling on a coiler 66 or for entry onto a plate table 64. If the product is to be sheet or plate in coil form, it is coiled on coiler 66 and removed by coil car 67. If it is to go directly into plate form, it enters plate table 64 where it is sheared by shear 68 to the appropriate length. The plate thereafter enters a transfer table 70 which acts as a cooling bed so that the plate may be finished on final processing line 71 which includes descaler 73, side shear 72, end shear 74 and piler 76.

The intermediate thickness continuous caster and hot strip and plate line provide many of the advantages of the thin strip caster without the disadvantages. The basic design of the facility can be predicated on rolling 150 5 tons (136 metric tons) per hour on the rolling mill. The market demand will obviously dictate the product mix, but for purposes of calculating the required caster speeds to achieve 150 tons (136 metric tons) per hour of rolling, one can assume the bulk of the product mix will be between 36 inches (914 mm) and 72 inches (1829 mm). A 72 inch (1829 mm) slab rolled at 150 tons (136 metric tons) per hour would require a casting speed of 61 inches (1549 mm) per minute. At 60 inches (1524 mm) of width, the casting speed increases to 73.2 inches (1859 mm) per minute; at 48 inches (1219 mm), the casting speed increases to 91.5 inches (2324 mm) per minute; and at 36 inches (914 mm) of width, the casting speed increases to 122 inches (3099 mm) per minute. All of these speeds are within acceptable casting speeds.
The annual design tonnage can be based on 50 weeks of operation per year at 8 hours a turn and 15 turns per week for 6,000 hours per year of available operating time assuming that 75~ of the available operating time is utilized and assuming a 96~ yield through the operating 25 facility, the annual design tonnage will be approximately 650,000 finished tons (589,670 metric tons).
The intermediate thickness slab caster and inline hot strip and plate line according to a modified version of the first embodiment of the present invention is 30 illustrated in Fig. lB. The combination caster and strip and plate line 25 iS identical to the line 25 described in connection with Fig. lA except that a twin stand hot reversing mill 56 ' replaces the single stand hot reversing mill. The provision of the twin stand increases the 35 rolling capacity of the mill. Additionally, the twin stand - - 216 ~7~0 mill 56 ' allows for processing of outsourced slabs which are thicker than the intermediate thickness slabs which could be produced by the caster 30. With the twin stand mill 56', four flat reducing passes on the feed and run 5 back table 52 (with two passes occurring with each passage of the slab along the feed and run back table 52) are normally required to arrive at a thickness capable of being coiled.
An intermediate thickness slab caster and inline hot strip and plate line including multiple furnaces and/or a multiple stand hot reversing mill according to a second embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in Fig. 2. The process line in Fig. 2 is similar in many respects to the line illustrated in the embodiment shown in 15 Fig. 1. One or more electrical melting furnaces 126 will provide the molten metal at the entry end of the combination intermediate thickness caster and strip and plate processing line. The molten metal is fed into a ladle furnace 128 prior to being fed into the intermediate 20 thickness caster 130. The caster 130 feeds into a curved or straight mold 132 of rectangular cross section. A torch cutoff or shear 134 is positioned at the exit end of the mold 132 to cut the strand of solidified metal into an intermediate thickness slab of desired length which may 25 also have a width of 24 to 120 inches (610 to 3,048 mm).
The intermediate thickness slab then feeds onto a slab conveyor table 136. A hot scarfer 137 may be positioned above the slab conveyor table 136 for processing the surface of the slabs. The slab may be removed from the 30 inline processing and stored in a slab collection and storage area 140 or it may be directly charged from the slab conveyor table 136 into an entry side of an equalizing or reheat furnace 142. The preferred furnace 142 is of a walking beam type, although a roller hearth furnace could 35 be utilized in certain applications. The various slabs are - `- 2165~00 fed through the furnace 142 and removed in a conventional manner and placed on a feed and run back table 152 positioned at the exit of the furnace 142. The feed and run back table 152 is inline with the caster 130 in the processing sense but is not physically aligned with the caster as in the first embodiment.
When slabs are transferred to the slab collection and storage area 140, they can be removed from slab conveyor table 136 by a slab transfer table 138 operating transverse to the processing line. The slab transfer table 138 will transfer a slab from the slab conveyor table 136 to the feed and run back table 152. A second slab transfer table 144 is positioned adjacent the feed and run back table 152 to transfer slabs from the feed and run back table 152 to the slab collection and storage area 140. An alternative arrangement would combine the first and second slab transfer tables 138 and 144 into a single transfer table extending from the slab conveyor table to the slab collection and storage area 140 with the feed and run back table 152 extending from and receiving slabs from an intermediate portion of the combined slab transfer table.
A furnace 146 is positioned between the slab conveyor table 136 and the feed and run back table 152 and positioned adjacent the furnace 142. The furnace 146 may have an entrance side on the feed and run back table 152 and an exit end on the slab conveyor table 136. The slab storage area additionally includes a slab conditioning section 148 wherein further surface processing on the slabs can be performed, as needed.
The disclosed dual furnace and slab loading and unloading arrangement provides for great versatility in slab sourcing and processing. As discussed above, a slab cast from the intermediate thickness caster 130 can be fed directly through furnace 142 onto the feed and run back table 152 and into the processing line. Because the - ~ 216S~O~

intermediate thickness slabs retain heat to a much greater extent than the thin slabs, the temperature equalization is generally all that will be required in many modes of operation.
The present arrangement additionally provides for transferring a slab from a position inline on the slab conveyor table 136 to the slab collection and storage area 140 through slab transfer tables 138 and 144. Such storage may be required to allow continuous casting to continue when a breakdown downstream in the processing line has occurred or, alternatively, allows for removing individual slabs for further processing in the slab conditioning section 148 such as due to any undesirable surface defects.
The present arrangement provides for great versatility in 15 bringing slabs from the slab collection and storage area 140 back in the processing line.
In short delays, the slab may be passed directly onto the feed and run back table 152 by the slab transfer table 144 for subsequent processing. A second alternative 20 would be to transfer a slab onto the slab conveyor table 136 through both slab transfer tables 138 and 144. The slab can then continue down through furnace 142 and to the feed and run back table 152 for processing. Where cold slabs are being re-introduced into the processing line, the 25 present arrangement allows for the slab to be transferred to the slab conveyor table 136 through the reheat furnace 146 which will have a capacity to add BTU~s to bring the slab up to the appropriate temperature for subsequent processing. The present arrangement additionally provides 30 for introducing outsourced slabs into the processing line.
Outsourced slabs refer to slabs which were not cast on the intermediate thickness caster 130. Such outsourced slabs may have any thickness, including a thickness greater than that cast on the intermediate thickness caster 130 and/or 35 a chemistry different than what can be produced or achieved ` 211~00 in electric melting furnaces 126 and ladle furnace 128.
The additional ability of incorporating outsourced slabs into the processing line provides additional options for a more complete matching of the speed of the intermediate 5 thickness caster 130 and the supply of outsourced slabs to the downstream processing.
An alternative embodiment of the present invention is contemplated wherein furnace 146 has an entrance side on the slab conveyor table 136 and an exit side on the feed and run back table 152. In such an arrangement, the slabs from the slab collection and storage area 140 would generally be supplied to the slab conveyor table 136 and then through an appropriate one of the furnaces 142 or 146. In this alternative arrangement, both 15 furnaces would generally be operated in the same manner.
In the embodiment disclosed in Fig. 2, furnace 146 can be utilized and operated as a reheat furnace whereas furnace 142 can be generally operated as an equalizing-type furnace.
The present arrangement additionally provides for directly transferring an appropriate slab from the slab conveyor table 136 to the feed and run back table 152 for subsequent processing without going through either of the furnaces 142 or 146 as in the first embodiment. Such 25 procedure would only be possible if the cast slab already contains an appropriate rolling temperature throughout.
This alternative further illustrates the inherent flexibility of the present design.
The slabs positioned on the feed and run back 30 table 152 for subsequent working are passed through a conventional descaler 153. As discussed above, such a descaler process could be detrimental to 2 inch thin cast slabs.
Downstream of feed and run back table 152 and 35 aligned therewith is a hot reversing mill which includes a 216570~

pair of four-high rolling mill stands 156 configured to operate in tandem. Positioned between the pair of rolling mill stands 156 is an adjustable vertical edger 154.
Vertical edger 154 is intended to be used conventionally or to taper the leading and trailing ends, respectively, of the slab on the first pass through the mill so as to compensate for the flaring out of the extreme ends which occurs during subsequent rolling. Such tapering can be controlled by the AGC, and the vertical edger can be passively driven by the twin stands of the mill. The effectiveness of the tapered ends can be monitored by a width gauge at the exit end of the downstream hot reversing stand wherein a fingerprint of the width is taken and adjustments are made through a feedback loop to the vertical edger, where necessary.
Upstream and downstream coiler furnaces 158 and 160, respectively, are positioned on either side of the pair of rolling mill stands 156 of the hot reversing mill.
A run out table 161 extends downstream from the coiler furnace 160. A cooling station 162, such as l~m-n~r flow cooling, is downstream of the downstream coiler furnace 160 and extends along the run out table 161. Downstream of the cooling station 162 is an upcoiler 166 which can be operated in conjunction with a coil car 167. A subsequent finishing line may be provided substantially the same as described above in Fig. 1 which includes shear 68, transfer table 70, final processing line 71, plate side shear 72, plate end shear 74 and plate piler 76.
The provision of tandem operated twin reversing stands 156 in the hot reversing mill of the present invention includes increased processing tonnages as well as the ability to achieve lighter gauges such as 0.040 inch, which are of increasing importance in many industries such as the building industry where light gauge hot mill product is formed into studs and the like to replace lumber. The I 216~700 additional expense of incorporating a twin stand reversing mill rather than a single stand reversing mill is justified by the increased productivity and versatility and the incorporation of outsourced slabs from the slab collection and storage area 140, as discussed above. As noted, such outsourced slabs may have a thickness greater than those cast in the caster 130 and can provide for an even greater variety of product mix. The following Examples illustrate such a product mix.

21G~ 70 D

EXAMPLE I
A 48.99 inch (1244 mm) wide x 0.040 inch (1.016 mm) thick sheet in coil form is produced from a 5 1/2 inch (139.7 mm) cast slab in accordance with the following rolling schedule:

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In o In o In - ~- 216570Q

Example I illustrates one of a wide variety of product types which can be rolled with the present system.
As illustrated in this Example, the present mill can economically hot roll down to 0.040 inch (1.0 mm) thick.
The provision of the twin stands allows for accurately rolling down to these light gauges for which there is an increased market demand.

216~ ~0~

EXAMPLE II
A 55 inch (1397 mm) wide x 0.060 inch (1.52 mm) thick sheet in coiled form is produced from a 5 1/2 inch (139.7 mm) cast slab in accordance with the following rolling schedule:

. _ 3 i o a~
H :,O 1~ ~ r ~ t~ ~ x u7 CD x V~ ~ ~ r ~o o 0 ~ ~
. H ~~1 ~ ~ O ~ ~ ~ t` t`
O--~ li E~ tQ~1 ~1 ~ N ~
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o ~
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o ~ r t~
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o ~ 0 r ~ ~ o ~ ~ o o ~ 0 ~ ~ ~D ~ 0 0 ~ Ln U~
o ~ o ~n 0 o o ~ ~ a~ o ~ ~
-- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u~ ~ r r ~ r In ~ - ~ o In o ~ ~ ~D ~ ~ ~1 ~1 ~ Vl O O O O o o o o ~ ~D O
o 0 o o o u~ ~ 0 ~ o o 5 - ~ ~ r ~o~ 0 r ~ ~ O O O

u~ C
. p ~ . :
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o In o ~ ~1 ~

3 ~ N a~ ~ ~1 ~ 0~ ~ ~ O a) r H ~ U ~ ~ o o ~ ~ o ~ r o~ a~
p,~ . ...........
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O X ~ ~ ~ ~ N ~~ ~ O o o -O ~1 ~ ~ ~ O~ In ~ ~D ~D
~ O U) ~D O a~ ~ ~ o ~
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N N ~1 ~1 ~1 ~1 0 0~ CD r o E ~ ~ r` ~ m ,1 o a) t` o ~
~. ..........
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Z ~ ~ ~ O O a~

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~ ~ ~ ~ In o ~ ~ ~ r U~

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o x o o o u) ~ ~ o o ~ t~ O ~ t~ d~ ~ ~ r ~
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u~ o u~
~1 216~70~

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r ~ h _ ~ o ~ ~~ o o o o o o ~ ` ~ ~ ~` ' U~ r t~ r ~ O
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o o o o o In ~ ~ 0 0 0 U~
cn ~ o r H ~ O ~) ~ IS~ r ~ cq ~
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-~ V '~ ~ 0 0 ~ ~ ~1 ~ O
o o ~ In o D O ~ In o ~1 -U~ u~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ dl ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r~

~ ~ O O O O O O O O ~ ~D O a) ~ # r~o - o o 0 o o o u~ r 0 ~ o o c~ o ~ r o u~ r ~ ~ a~ r ~ 1~ ro a~ ~ r ~t ~ ~ ~ z ~ D 0 ~ ~ ~1 0 0 0 '-) U ~
H ~ a ro ~ r -.. .. .. .. .. ~ rl~ m l ~ ` J G

m ~tq : ~ ~ - a cn . ~ ro o ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ u~ .D r 0 ~ c c c r~

u7 o ~ o In 216~70~
`

Example II, like Example I, illustrates the versatility of the present system in hot rolling thin gauges. These hot rolled narrow gauge products, such as about 0.040 inch (1.0 mm) and about 0.060 inch (1.5 mm) thick, are able to be utilized as final end products in situations in which the final end product is generally not exposed and does not require any surface finishing. Metal construction studs, for example 0.040 inch (1.0 mm) galvanized studs, represent one final end product that can be hot rolled by the present invention. This is a distinct advantage over the known prior art which would generally hot roll somewhere above 0.080 inch (2.0 mm) thick then pickle and finish the product on a cold mill with a subsequent anneal and temper rolling.

2l6s70a ` -EXAMPLE III
A 62 inch (1574.8 mm) wide x 0.090 inch (2.3 mm) thick sheet in coil form is produced from a 10 inch (254 mm) outsourced slab in accordance to the following schedule:

21~S700 H

E ~ ~ ~1 0 0 a~ ~ r ~ o ,l o ~
o U~ ' ~ O ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 0 ~p ~ ~ ~
O ~ ~

o ~
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N ~) ~ r o Ln ~ o ~ N 0 r H H N ~ r H ~D N r N
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0 0 0 0 0 N a~ O ~ H
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`1 N ~1 ~I L
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5:~ O ~ P N O r ~ N ~i O O O O 'J

H o o m o ~ r N N H H N O O O O O
N : ~ r r o m o ~o o ~ o ~ o u~
t ~ ~1 H N N ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ N N ~1 U~ O O O O O N 0 0 ~
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13 ~I N N H ~I N N ~1 ~I N N H ~ N

~q i !C) O H N r~) d', Il U~ r 0 a~ o H N 0 L~ O U~ O
H H N

-~ 216~i70~

3 ~ ~ m CD CD ~ r m ,~ o ~1~ ~ ~ ~ 11'1 0 ~ 0 ~D 1~ U) 111 O ~ 1'7 ~`1 ~1 0 ~ ~ ~ O OD ~ ~ O ~ O ~ ~
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- - v o P: cn o o o o o o o o o r ~ ~ ~ u~ O ~q L) ~15, L 1l O If ~ O m O ~) r~ N ~D 0 1~ t` 0 O CS~
~, O ~J7 ~ ~D ~ a~ 0 ,~ ~ ~ ~ ,1 ~1 ~1 0 ~1 a u ,~ ~ s 0 ~: ~, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,~ r~ a ~ ,1 a ~
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In O U~ O In o 216~700 Example III illustrates the flexibility of the present system which can receive outsourced slabs for further processing. Such outsourced slabs may be, as here, slabs which are too thick to be cast in the intermediate thickness caster or slabs which have a specialized composition limiting where they may be produced or simply additional slabs to supplement the caster product. The rolling of outsourced slabs and the ability to store cast slabs allows the casting and rolling to be decoupled and operated independently of each other.

EXAMPLE IV
A 48 inch (1219.2mm) wide x 0.125 inch (3.175mm) thick sheet of high carbon steel (0.51-0.95 carbon) in coil form is produced from a 5 ~ inch (139.7mm) thick cast slab in accordance to the following rolling schedule:

2165?0 D

~ W O ~D CD ~ ~ In o CD ~1 0 0 ~ c~ o r o~ n o ~ ~ r ~
F C IY ' - - - - - - - - -e ,~ O O
H E~ ~1 ~ ~ 0 a~

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A 60 inch (1524mm) wide x 0.100 inch (2.54mm) thick sheet in coil form is produced from a 5 inch (127mm) cast slab of low carbon steel according to the following rolling schedule:

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The intermediate thickness slab caster and inline 5 hot strip and plate line of a third embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in Figs. 3A and 3B. The third embodiment is similar to the first two embodiments including electric melting furnaces 226 provided at the entry end of the strip and plate line 225, ladle furnace 10 228, caster 230, mold 232 and cutoff 234 positioned at the exit end of the mold 232 to cut the strand of now solidified metal into a 3.5 to 6 inch thick slab (intermediate thickness) of the desired length which also has a width of 24 to 120 inches.
The slab then feeds on a table conveyor 236 to a slab takeoff area where it is directly charged into a furnace 242 or is stored in slab storage container 280 or alternatively is removed from the inline processing and stored in a slab collection area 240. If the cast slab is 20 needed to be stored prior to rolling, such as due to maintenance on the rolling mill, it is preferred that the slabs be stored in the slab storage container 280. The slab collection area 240 will generally be utilized where additional processing of a slab is required, such as 25 surfacing of the slab by hand scarfing. Full-size slabs 244 and discrete length slabs 246 for certain plate products are shown within walking beam furnace 242. Slabs 238 which are located in the slab collection area 240 may also be fed into the furnace 242 by means of slab pushers 248 or 30 charging arm devices located for indirect charging of walking beam furnace 242 with slabs 238. It is also possible to charge slabs i.nto furnace 242 from the slab storage container 280 which feed onto the table conveyor 236. AS discussed above, where slabs are introduced from 35 off-line locations, the furnace must have the capacity to 216~700 add Btu's to bring the slabs up to rolling temperatures.
The slab storage container 280 will minimize the need for such off-line slab loading.
The various slabs are fed through the following furnace 242. The third embodiment operates substantially identical to the two embodiments discussed above. The third embodiment includes slab extractors 250, feed and run back table 252, descaler 253, vertical edger 254, and hot reversing mill 256 downstream of feed and run back table 252, upstream and downstream coiler furnace 258 and 260, cooling station 262, coiler 266 downstream of cooling station 262, coil car 267, a plate table 264, a shear 268, a transfer table 270, and a final processing line 271 which includes a plate side shear 272, plate end shear 274 and plate piler 276.
Fig. 3B illustrates a modified version of the embodiment of the caster and inline mill illustrated in Fig. 3A. Fig. 3B is identical to Fig. 3A except that a plurality of slab storage containers 280 and 280' is provided adjacent the table conveyor 236. A second slab storage container 280' obviously provides additional capacity for storing cast slabs in the event of a delay downstream. However, the addition of a second or more slab storage container 280' also provides slab sequencing possibilities. This allows for a certain prioritization and changing of the order of slabs by directing them to appropriate slab storage containers 280, 280' from which the slabs can be selectively withdrawn.
Fig. 4 illustrates a first embodiment of the slab storage container 280. The slab storage container 280 includes a carriage 282 mounted by rollers 284 onto a track 286 located within a slab holding pit 288. The walls 290 of the slab holding pit 288 are appropriately insulated as is the top surface 292 of the carriage 282 which engages and supports the lowermost slab of a stack of slabs. An 21 6~ 70~

insulated movable cover 294 is provided for covering the slab holding pit 288 and the stack of slabs, as shown in phantom in Fig. 4. Slab pushers 296 are provided for moving slabs into and out of the stack in the slab storage 5 container 280. The slab storage container 280 operates as follows. The lowermost slab of the stack of slabs is pushed onto the top surface 292 of the carriage 282 by slab pushers 296. Carriage 282 is then indexed down a distance substantially equal to the thickness of the slab whereby a second slab can be pushed by slab pusher 296 directly on top of the initial slab. When the stack of slabs has been placed into the slab storage container 280, the cover 294 can be positioned on top of the slab holding pit 288 to maintain the heat within the slabs.
The configuration of the slab storage container 280 provides a simple and effective means for storing a stack of slabs which also minimizes the space required.
Furthermore, stacking the slabs directly on top of each other and maintaining the stacked slabs in contact with 20 each other gives the thermal advantages of a thicker slab.
The temperature loss of the individual slabs is minimized with this stacked arrangement.
Fig. 5 is a side view of another embodiment of a slab storage container 280 ' according to the present 25 invention. The slab storage container 280 ' includes a carriage 282 ' supported on a frame 298. The carriage 282 ' is vertically movable on the frame 298. The carriage 282 ' includes a front and back pair of slab engaging arms 300.
As shown in Fig. 6, engaging points 302 of each engaging arm 300 engage the sides of a lowermost slab in a stack of slabs to engage and support the stack of slabs.
Preferably, the slab engaging arms 300 are hydraulically operated to move into and out of engagement with the slabs.
In addition to moving in and out of engagement with the 35 slabs, the slab engaging arms 300 are preferably movable to 216570~1 accommodate various widths of the slabs. Side insulating plate 304 and top insulating plate 306 are attached to each slab engaging arm 300. As illustrated in Fig. 6, the top insulating plates 306 of opposed slab engaging arms 300 5 will overlap with each other to allow for the movement of the slab engaging arms 300 which provide for the accommodation of varying widths of the slabs.
The slab storage container 280 ' operatés in a m~nn~r similar to the slab storage container 280 described above and provides similar advantages. In operation, the carriage 282 ' is lowered to a position over a slab and the slab engaging arms 300 are activated to securely clamp the slab therebetween and the carriage 282 ' is again raised holding the slab therein. To add a second slab to the slab 15 stack, the carriage 282' iS lowered, positioning the slab on top of the second slab to be positioned in the stack.
Slab engaging arms 300 are disengaged from the first slab carriage moved down to align the engaging points 302 with the new lowermost slab in the stack and the slab engaging 20 arms 300 engage to contact the new lowermost slab in the stack of slabs. This process is repeated until all of the slabs are positioned within the stack and the process is reversed for removing the slabs from the stack.
As discussed above, the slab storage container 25 280' provides the advantages of minimal space and efficient, effective thermal conservation of the slabs as with the slab storage container 280 described above. In addition, the slab storage container 280 ' provides a system that can be mounted directly over top of the slab conveyor table, further minimizing the floor space required for the overall system.
Although the present invention has been described in considerable detail with reference to certain preferred versions thereof, other versions are possible. Therefore, 35 the spirit and scope of the appended claims should not be - -- 21657~0 limited to the description of the preferred versions contained herein.

Claims (10)

1. An intermediate thickness slab caster and inline hot strip and plate line comprising:
a) a continuous strip caster means for forming an intermediate thickness strand;
b) an inline cutoff downstream of said caster means for cutting said strand to a slab of a desired length;
c) a slab storage and sequencing means for selectively storing and sequencing selected slabs;
d) at least one reheat furnace positioned downstream of said slab storage and sequencing means;
e) a feed and run back table positioned at an exit end of said at least one reheat furnace;
f) a hot reversing mill means inline with said feed and run back table for reducing said slab exiting the reheat furnace to an intermediate product of a thickness sufficient for coiling; and g) a pair of coiler furnaces, one located upstream of said hot reversing mill means and the other located downstream, said coiler furnaces capable of receiving and paying out said intermediate product as it is passed between the coiler furnaces and through said hot reversing mill means so as to be reduced to an end product thickness.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 further including a slab conveyor table inline with said cutoff, wherein said slab sequencing and storing means includes:
a slab transfer means adjacent said slab conveyor table operable transverse of said slab conveyor table and in communication with said feed and run back table; and a slab collection and storage area adjacent said slab transfer means adapted to selectively receive slabs therefrom.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 further including a pair of said reheat furnaces, a first said reheat furnace positioned between said feed and run back table and said slab conveyor table, and a second said reheat furnace downstream of and adjacent said first reheat furnace and having an entry end inline with said slab conveyor table and an exit inline with said feed and run back table.

4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said feed and run back table is positioned inline with said cutoff and adapted to receive slabs directly therefrom, and wherein said slab sequencing and storing means includes:
a slab transfer table adjacent said feed and run back table operable transverse of said feed and run back table to selectively remove slabs from said feed and run back table;
a slab conveyor table adjacent said slab transfer table and adapted to receive slabs from said slab transfer table; and a slab collection and storage area adjacent said slab conveyor table adapted to receive slabs from said slab conveyor table.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 further including a slab conveyor table inline with said cutoff wherein said slab storage and sequencing means includes at least one vertically stackable slab storage container positioned adjacent said slab conveyor table, wherein said slab storage container includes a vertically movable carriage for supporting a stack of said slabs.

6. A method of processing metal slabs comprising the steps of:
a) continuously casting an intermediate thickness strand;
b) cutting said strand into a plurality of slabs of predetermined lengths;
c) selectively feeding each said slab to either i) a continuous processing line including a hot reversing mill having a coiler furnace on each of an upstream and downstream side thereof, or ii) an inline heating furnace from which said slab exits to said continuous processing line, or iii) a slab storing area and subsequently transferring said slab to said inline heating furnace;
d) flat passing said slab to be worked back and forth through said hot reversing mill to form an intermediate product of a thickness sufficient for coiling;
e) coiling said intermediate product in one of said coiler furnaces; and f) passing said coiled intermediate product back and forth through said hot reversing mill to reduce said coiled intermediate product to an end product of desired thickness, said intermediate product being collected in and fed out of each of said coiler furnaces on each pass through said hot reversing mill.

7. The method of claim 6 further including supplying at least one slab to be worked to said inline heating furnace and said continuous processing line from said slab storing area which was not cast in said intermediate thickness caster.

8. The method of claim 6 wherein said slab storing area includes at least one vertically stacking slab container.

9. The method of claim 6 wherein said slab storing area includes a slab collection and storage area, and wherein a second heating furnace is positioned adjacent said inline heating furnace.

10. A slab container positioned between a continuous caster and a hot reversing mill adapted to selectively receive slabs from said caster, said container including a vertically movable carriage adapted to engage a lowermost slab in a stack of said slabs within said container, wherein said slabs in said stack are directly contacting each other.