CA2140913A1

CA2140913A1 - Two-element wad with pneumatic damping

Info

Publication number: CA2140913A1
Application number: CA002140913A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Pedro Diaz Prieto
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1993-06-04
Filing date: 1994-06-01
Publication date: 1994-12-05
Also published as: ES2076081A2; WO1994029666A1; JPH07509775A; AU6845194A; CN1110485A; EP0671598A1; ES2076081B1; ES2076081R

Abstract

ABSTRACT
TWO-ELEMENT WAD WITH PNEUMATIC DAMPING

Two-element wad with pneumatic damping designed for the cartridge industry formed by two interchangeable elements connected to each other and which consist of a case (1) and a damper-shutter (8). The case (1) incorporates a series of foldable flaps (7) and a valve (2) that regulates the damping and injects air.
Both the case (1) and the damper (8) have cross-sectional walls (3) and (9) of aconvex-concave shape and can absorb radial deformations to the symmetry axis of the wad. The damper (8) has a four-fold action: it supports the flexion and deformation of the material, the friction against the walls and the compression Or the air contained.

Description

21~0g~3 TWO-~LRMEN T W~D WITII T ~EUM~TIC DAMrlNÇ~

OI~JIICT OT~ TIIE INVE:N I ION

5 The object of this application for an Invenliol1 Palent is a two-elemel1t wa(l wilh pneumalic damping, wl1icl1 presents a series of advat1t~ges and novelties when con~pared with the wads currenlly used in lhe carlridge seclor.

nACl~GROUND OF TllE INVENTION

Currenlly, and as far as ~he slate of the a~t is concerned, it sllolll(l l)e note(t that, witl1in tl1e cartridge sector, wads are us~lally manufactllre(l from a single piece of leformable material, due io lhe need to prolect lhe barrel of lhe gUl1 against llle leading or copperizing derive(l from rel)eate(l shols an(l Ille enh~ cel11el1t of llle 15 pallcrl1 and lllc con1plcLe pluggillg of ~ases crea~e(l d~ lg lhe con1l~llsliol1 of powder.
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However, lhe llse of lhe current wads presenls a series of inconveniences, namely the following ones~

- I ack of pallerl1 ul1iformily whell comparing dirferel1t shots made witl1 ~he same cartridgc and wad and the samo rifle.

- Damping by bending an~l deformaliol1 of lhe constitllel1t material, 25 lllerefore prodllcing a non-recoveral)le energy.

- Slldden deformations when lhe throllling of tl1e gun is reachc(l. The pellels are embedded within ~he malerial. -3 o The amount of energy consume(l dllring these deforlnations is higl1, as well as lhe friclion against lhe glin barrel.
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- l~ach charge needs a wad wilh specific dimensions, i.e. each different amount of pellets needs a different wad size, as in the case of different 3 5 lengll1s of the carlri(lge case, evcn ~or similar charges.

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- The wad has an excessive gunsilot there~)y causing apprecialion errors to ~he sllooter ana thir(l parties.

DI~SCRIM`ION OI; TI~E INVENTION
The two-elemellt ~ad with pnellmatic damping whicll is Ihe object of this Inven~ion is compo~ed of two in~erchangeable elements whicll are joined each o~her lhe case and Ihedamper-shutter.

0 The case incorpora~es a series of bendable flaps and a damping regulaling and air-injecting valve. Both lhe case and the damper present a series of cross~section walls of a convexo-concave shape able to absorb radial deformations witlrespect lo Ille symmctry axis of Ille wa(l :L5 I he dall1per ilas a follr-fol~l aclion; i~ s~ands ~l1e bending and deforma~ion of tlle malerial the friction against Ille barrel and tlle compression of the air conlained.

The main advantages of lhe preconized cartridge wad compared witl convenlional wads are lhe fo11Owillg ones~

Enhancement of ~he pat~ern.

- Need of less energy for a given charge drive.

- The same wad can be adapled to different cartr;(lge case lengths and house different charges witllin tllc same cartridge.

- Different cases and dlmpers can be interchanged.

- Flexibilily lo adapt to l)arrel Illrottle and different bores for the same gun bores.

- Perfect gas plugging with tl?e lesser friction.

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~ 21~0913 - SmalIer embedding of small-shols OII lhe wad material, whicll makes ~he wad-cilArgc separalion easier. ` `, , . .. . . i .;., - Smaller range of the wad - Smoo~her recoil - Damping system with energy recovely.

10 To complement Ille subsequent descriplion and in an effort to better undersland the main characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached ~o this ~ :~
descriptive report ~here, as an illustration and wilhout limilation, the mosl " ;~
represen~ative details haveb en include(l~

15 I)ESCI~IIYI~ION Oli TIII~ DRAWINCS

l~igure 1 slIows a side sectional view of a preferred execution of the ~ .
invention.

l~lgure 2 s!lows two dihedric v~ews (plan vlew and side section) of fhe ~igure 3 shows ~wo dilIedric vlews (plan view an(l si(le section) of tilO
damper-shlltter. , ;' "'`;"' '~

Figures 4, 5 and 6 show a series of figures analogous to lhose of the above `~ i filgllres 1, 2 and 3, according to anotller alterlIative of execution of the inven~ion.

D1~5CRIPTION OF A PREI~RRFD EXECVTION

In IlIe light of Ille above mentioned figures and according to llle numbering `
system adopted, it can be seen how it has been carried ollt a cartridge wad formed by two independent elemenss, the case (I) and the damper-shlltter ~8). Once ass~mbled, both elepents furm the ear~ridge wao itself " ~. 21 ~ 0gl 3 . ' ~ ` `''' .~

The case {1) is charac~erized because it shows a cylindrical external ;~
appearance, wi~h a series of flaps (7) connecte(l to it by its lower part while, in turl1, ~he walk(3) present a series of bores wl~ich serve to hollse sucl1 ~aps (7).

5Whell tl1e ~aps ~7) are folded, they are hosed into such holes, and tl1e case presen~s an external appearance ~otally cylindrical.

Tl-e case (1~ presenls srnooth inner walls of a trunco-conical sllape open outwards. The bottom or base (4) presen~s a trunco-conical convex shape, ended oin a circular ring whicll is the base of the case itself, where, in turn, the inner walls encl.

Tlle lower area of the case presents at the foremost part a ring-sl1ape ~
groove whicll serves to conllcct Ille dall1per-slllltter (8), while Ille cenlral area ~ ,s 15presen~s a ~mllco-collical collcave shape. In ~llrn, ~he cen~ral area of ~he base or `~
wall whicll serves as the boltom of it (4) hollses a valve (2) formed by two non~ h~
passing holes coinciding willl a tllin membrane (5) made of tlle same material as tl~e case. The llpper hole of tlle valve can have a cylindrical or prismatic shape, ~i .
wl~ile tlle lower one can be trunco-col1ic21 or of a simiiar shape. Tile dirnensions 20and Ihe thickness of the meml;rane can vary dependlng on the needs. .
Il sholll(l also be noticed that the membrane can be replaced by a cap able to slide tllrollgllollt the seat forced by tlle pressufe and actirig similarly to tlle melllbranet or even by a hole regulating tlle air throttle as needed.

The damper-shlllter (8) presents a vase-shape external appearance, witll a cllamber delimited by bellow-shaped walls (9) or originate~l by a sinllsoidal curve, Wilh sligh~ly rounded in~ections. Sucll wall (9) is suppor~ed on~o a cross-seclional wall (12) which acls as closure or base of the bellow which,. in turn, has a 3 0convèx-shaped bottom formed by two trunco-conicai shapes (11) and (13) ~ -connected eacil other.

The same wall (12) has a concave-shaped bottom formed by tlle two ;trunco-conical shapes ~11) and (13) connected each other.

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i-- 5 -- : ~ -rhe upper part or edge (lO) of tlle damper (B) incorporates a ring-shap d groove The groove llas a dollble-lip edge to provicle a better water-tightness when .
supported on a flat surrace. In turn, there is a rhlg-shaped rib whicll matches the case (I) thlls preventing that once the damper (8) and the case (I) have been .j`~.,'.. 'i'!~'.~''~' connected, they can be easily detachc~t. ;~

This invention has tried ~o solve all ~he inconveniences presented by "',,.,,"'.,,r~':',`,',',.~,',' current wads. For this purpose, a two-element wad has been selected, and both elements will be manufactured by injection or blowing, and will be made of c~
plastic or non-rigid or semi-rigid material.

~f~er both elements of the wad have been assembled, il can already be " ~l~
installcd into thc carlridge.

When lhe wad is introduced into the cardboard case, the side llaps will be ~;.
foldeci inside their housing, remaining in tllis condition unlil lhe wad comes out i.
from the gun. Thcn they will unfold to serve as stabilizers and brakes. `~

When the wad is located inside the case and resling against the powder charge, lhe damper will be flexed and the air inside the cartridge will be ~ . f ~
compressed (such compression being determined by the lenglh of lhe damper ,'~ "'~,,, bellow~ In this posilion, the wad receives the small-shot charge on its upper part, ;j:
and it will be ready to be shot.

2 5 Taking all the above into consideration, when the gun is shot lhe damper will work by flexing the material of its walls (bellow) along witll llle friclion produced against the walls of the case or lhe gun. When llle bellow of the darnper is completely fs~lded, the convex~cone of the base of the damper wili push the folded walls against thc concave cone of the wall of the case which produces a 3 o deformation until it adapts to the shape of both cones. Then, the air conlained and compressed in lhe chamber ~6) will have reached the necessary pressure to open ~he valve (2) expelling a jet of compressed air which will impel the small-shot cllarge recovèring part of the~energy used for the damping and converting it into a usefill impulse for the shot. Should this valve be designed so that it opens when it receives the extra pressure from the gtln throltle, it will use part of the energy 21 ~ û91 3 ~ -accllmlllaled (l~lring tl1e damping to impulse tlle small-shot charge and, furlhermo-re, it will permit lhe wad to pass through the gun throtlle ~s Ihe inlernal resistance `~
to compression decreases.
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5 Since Ille cross-sectional wall of the case and the closing wall of the damper have a convex-concave shape, lhey enable to absorb Mdial contractions to the symmetry axis of ~he wad thus making the passing of the wad witl- the small-shotcharge lhrollgll the throtlle being smooth and evcn.

Furlllermore, tlle valve (2) can act either inslanlaneously or in a progressive way 1,,.,~,'!.~ ;,"' "~,' dependin~ on the needs, by simply varying tlle opening pressure of tlle valve orlhe seclion of the air hole. Under these circumstances, it is easy to make Ihe air '~
flow almost instantaneollsly or more gradually, thereby achievillg the final daml)illg dcsircd.
When lhe wad comes out from ~he gun, llle flaps ~end lo unfol(l. Such unfolding ;
will be ravoured by the air which conlacts Ihem at a very higll speed. Once tiley have been lmfolded, they do not stop the wad, but even they do stabilize its trajectory, making the segregation of the wad and the small-shot charge quick and 20 smooth with a scarce dislortion of tlle trajectory of the small-shot charge.

When tlle wad is suddenly segregated from the charge, (iue to the braking effectof the air, it will fall in tlle nearby of Ihe shooler, and it will not be easy to doubt whetller hc has reached his target or not.
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Claims

1.- Two-element wad with pneumatic damping, designed to be used with fire weapons cartridges and similar, essentially characterized because it is formed by two interchangeable elements which are joined each other, a case (1) and a damper-shutter (8), manufactured by injection or blowing, and made of plastic orany other non-rigid or semi-rigid material, so that the case incorporates a series of peripheral flaps (7) foldable and able to unfold when the wall comes out fromthe gun, thus stopping the wad quickly and stabilizing its trajectory, thereby enabling a quick and smooth segregation of the wad and the small-shot charge, with small distortion of the trajectory.

2.- Two-element wad with pneumatic damping, according to the previous claim, essentially characterized because the case (1) adopts a cylindrical shapewith the flaps (7) protruding from the base. The flaps are connected to the wadby their lower part, and they are housed in a folded position inside a series ofgrooves coinciding with the walls (3) which are flat and of trunco-conical shapeopen outwards, with the bottom or base (4) being of a convex trunco-conical shape ended on a circular ring which serves as a base for the case. The lower area of the case presents at the outmost part a ring-shaped grooves able to receive and couple the damper-shutter (8), while the central area presents a concave trunco-conical shape. The central part of the base (4) presents a valve (2) formed by two holes joined by a thin membrane (5) made of the same material of the case, which can be replaced by a cap sliding in its seat by means of the pressure or by a hole regulating the air output as needed.

3.- Two-element wad with pneumatic damping, according to claims 1 and 2 characterized because the damper-shutter (8) is vase-shaped with a chamber (6) surrounded by walls (9) with the shape of a bellow fixed to a cross-sectional wall (12) which forms the closure or base of such wall (9) and formed by two trunco-conical elements (11) and (13). The upper part (10) of the damper (8) incorpora-tes a ring-shaped groove which determines a double-lip edge that guarantees the necessary water-tightness since it rests on a flat surface. Furthermore, a ring-shaped recess on the upper part is housed inside such case (1) preventing the segregation of the damper (8) and the case (1). Such damper (8) can support the flexion and bending of the material, the friction against the walls and the compression of the air contained during the shot

4. Two-element wad with pneumatic damping, according to claims 1 to 3 characterized because since the wad is housed inside the case and resting against the small-shot charge it has been foreseen that it originates a flexion of the damper (8) with the subsequent compression of the air contained inside it. In this position, the wad receives the small-shot charge at its upper part and the cartridge is ready to be shot.

5. Two-element wad with pneumatic damping, accortding to claims 1 to 4 characterized because the damper (8) - after the shot - acts through the flexion of the material of its walls (9) along with the friction against the walls (3) of the case (1) or the gun so that when the bellow of such walls is completely folded, the convex cone of the damper base will push the folded walls against the concave cone of the case wall thus deforming them until they adapt themselves to the shape of both cones.

6 Two-element wad with pneumatic damping, according to claims 1 to 5 characterized because it has been foreseen that the compressed air contained inside the chamber (6) reaches sufficient pressure to open the valve (2) expelling a jet of compressed air to impel the small-shot charge thus recovering part of the energy used for the damping converting it in a useful impulse for the shot irrespective of the fact that such valve (2) is designed or not to be opened when it receives the extra pressure from the gun throttle thus enabling the wad lo pass through the gun throttle reducing its internal resistance to compression. The size of the valve call vary

7. Two-element wad with pneumatic damping, according to claims 1 to 6 characterized because the cross-sectional wall of the case and that of the damper closing have the adequate convex-concave shape lo absorb the radial deformationsto the symmetry axis of the wad enabling a perfect shutting for different bore diameters as well as the smooth and even passing of the wad whrough the gun throttle.