CA2110830A1 - Structure with transparent enclosing surfaces - Google Patents
Structure with transparent enclosing surfacesInfo
- Publication number
- CA2110830A1 CA2110830A1 CA002110830A CA2110830A CA2110830A1 CA 2110830 A1 CA2110830 A1 CA 2110830A1 CA 002110830 A CA002110830 A CA 002110830A CA 2110830 A CA2110830 A CA 2110830A CA 2110830 A1 CA2110830 A1 CA 2110830A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- structure according
- panes
- transparent
- enclosing surfaces
- radiation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1438—Covering materials therefor; Materials for protective coverings used for soil and plants, e.g. films, canopies, tunnels or cloches
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
- C03C17/23—Oxides
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/0046—Loggias
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
In a structure designed in particular as a glassed-in extension, the transparent enclosing surfaces are equipped with filters which selectively absorb mainly the non-visible spectral components of incident solar energy and convert them into long-wave thermal radiation, while the visible portions of the solar radiation can pass through substantially unimpeded. On one side, the enclosing surfaces may be provided with a coating which reduces the emission of thermal radiation, and the absorptive filters may be panes of glass or plastic material having a coloured core and through which the visible components of solar energy can pass essentially unimpeded. In a preferred embodiment, the transparent enclosing surfaces are designed as wall elements and thus may be optionally adjusted with one or the other side facing towards the enclosed space or towards the outside.
In a structure designed in particular as a glassed-in extension, the transparent enclosing surfaces are equipped with filters which selectively absorb mainly the non-visible spectral components of incident solar energy and convert them into long-wave thermal radiation, while the visible portions of the solar radiation can pass through substantially unimpeded. On one side, the enclosing surfaces may be provided with a coating which reduces the emission of thermal radiation, and the absorptive filters may be panes of glass or plastic material having a coloured core and through which the visible components of solar energy can pass essentially unimpeded. In a preferred embodiment, the transparent enclosing surfaces are designed as wall elements and thus may be optionally adjusted with one or the other side facing towards the enclosed space or towards the outside.
Description
STRUCTURE WITH TRANSPARENT ENCLOSING SURFACES
Structures havin~ large and often predominantly transparent enclosing surfaces are usually known as conservatories and solariums but may also, for example, include greenhouses.
5 Conservatories and solariums are usually glassed-in extensions attached to onewall of a building and they enclose self-contained rooms which are interconnected with the rooms of the building situated to the rear of the structure. In these glassed-in extensions, the non-transparent enclosing surfaces are formed by the adjacent walls of the building and the floor of the 10 structure. On the other hand, in the case of greenhouses only the floor is a non-transparent enclosing surface.
It is characteristic of such structures with transparent enclosing surfaces that, depending on the angle of arrival of the incident solar energy, the latter enters into the structure by passing through a transparent enclosing surface and then 15 emerges from the structure either directly by passing through an opposite enclosing surface or it is reflected in all directions by surfaces located inside the room. Sunlight therefore to a large extent passes through such structures.
Glassed-in extensions have been enjoying increasing popularity especially in recent years. This is probably due on the one hand to the opportunity they 20 offer to experience an unimpeded view of the surroundin~ world while remaining protected from climatic conditions, and on the other hand their popularity is due to people's need for sunshine and the warmth of the sun.
Glassed-in extensions are regarded as thermal buffer zones for the attached buildings or also as passively heated solar collectors whose thermal energy 25 passes into the adjacent living spaces via room-air convection. However, it has been found that the thermal benefits of such glassed-in extensions fall far short of meeting the physical expectations placed in them by their designers.
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Measurements conducted on experimental structures have revealed that in the most favourable of cases the attached buildings save no more than up to 15%
heating energy. But also, cases were found in which a negative thermal balance existed and where the benefits of the glassed-in structures, which 5 were erected to compensate for winter heat losses, were limited merely to the additional living space that was gained and to the experience of living close tonature.
In general, the limited habitability of rooms having large or predominantly transparent enclosing surfaces has proved to be disadvantageous. In order to 10 ensure that such glass-enclosed spaces remain habitable in the summer months it is usually necessary to provide which afford protection from the sun and which ventilate the structure. In the winter months, on the other hand, and in many instances also in the transitional periods between seasons, it is necessaryto provide heat by means of additional heating systems even when highly 15 efficient sealed double-glazing units with heat transmission values of, for example, k < 1.2 W/qmK are used.
In view of these inadequate--aspects of the current state of the art, the underlying task of the invention is to design structures with lar0e and predominantly transparent enclosing surfaces, such as conservatories or other 20 glassed-in extensions, but also greenhouses, which are rendered pleasantly habitable in the transitional periods between the seasons and in particular ~ -during the winter by efficient conversion of the incident radiant energy from the sun, without it being necessary to interfere with the architectural appearance of the structure. According to the invention, therefore, the energy 25 characteristics of glassed-in extensions would be optimized and the structures would be designed in such a way that they form efficient facilities for capturin~
solar radiant ener0y and thermally converting it in any adjacent rooms.
This task is solved in the following manner: In a structure havin~ one room, which is at least partially enclosed by transparent surfaces, in particular a ~O glazed extension in the form of a conservatory, a solarium or similar, the transparent enclosing surfaces are equipped with filters which for the most part .
selectively absorb the non-visible spectral components of the incident solar energy and convert them into long-wave thermal radiation, while allowing the visible components of the solar radiation for the most part to pass through unimpeded.
5 The object of the invention is thus, in particular, by means of selectively absorptive filters in the enclosing element, to convert into long-wave thermal radiation the non-visible components of the short-wave solar radiation impinging on a structure, right at the moment when the solar radiation passes through the transparent enclosing surface. The transparent surfaces enclosing 10 the room are approximately opaque to the solar energy entering the room in the form of long-wave thermal radiation. If the entire transparent enclosing surfaceof a glassed-in extension is equipped with absorptive filters, the non-visible portions of the incident solar energy are almost totally absorbed. This is what happens in particular in the case of glassed-in extensions in which the incident15 solar radiation passes through two sets of filters as it travels through the structure.
Since glass is opaque to long-wave thermal radiation, almost 50 % of the solar energy passing through such glassed-in extensions remains inside the transparently enclosed space. This is in particular the case when, in 20 accordance with a further embodiment of the invention, the transparent enclosing surfaces are equipped on their outer sides with a coating which reduces the emission of thermal radiation.
Such a coating, which is transparent to the solar spectrum, is thermally beneficial iri two ways. On the one hand it reduces the emission back into the 25 outside world of the thermal energy which is absorbed as the solar radiation passes through the transparent enclosing surface; and, on the other hand, it brings about a general increase in the thermal resistance of the glass enclosingsurfaces of the structure.
The coating which reduces the emission of thermal radiation may advantageously be a tin oxide coating which is pyrolytically applied to the transparent enclosing surfaces.
Such coatings are preferably applied to the surfaces which are exposed, 5 without protection, to the external atmosphere because the coatings possess excellent scratch resistance and are resistant to aging. On the other hantl, in the case of coatings which are protected against abrasion, such as coatings applied to the inner surfaces of the two panes of glass in sealed double glazin~units, it is possible to use less resistant semi-conductor or metal coatings 10 applied as a vapour in a vacuum and having induced transmission in the visible spectral range; or also structural coatings of organic substances may be applied; these latter coatings generally possess a lower emissivity than the pyrolytically applied tin oxide coatings.
Within the scope of the invention, the absorptive filters may be designed in particular as panes of glass or plastic having a core which is coloured or ;
enriched with selectively absorptive substances and through which the visible spectral components of solar energy can pass substantially unimpeded. The absorptive filters may also, however, take the form of selectively acting coatings of inorganic or organic material which are applied to the sides of the 20 transparent enclosiny surfaces facing inwards to the enclosed space. ~ ~ u Within the scope of the invention the transparent enclosing surfaces may also take the form of composite elements having at least two panes joined to~ether with on another at their surfaces by means of an adhesive foil.
Advantageously, one of these panes is an adsorptively acting filter panel and 25 the other pane is equipped on the side facing away from tne filter panel with the coating which reduces the emission of thermal radiation.
As an alternative to designing the enclosing surfaces as composite elements having an adsorptively acting filter panel, the adhesive layer between the two panes may also be formed as a filter layer which selectively absorbs solar 30 radiation in the non-visible range. Selectively absorptive, inorganic or organic pigments may be embedded in the adhesive foil or the adhesive foil may be a compound foil having an integral, embedded filter foil containing inorganic or organic pigments.
It has proved particularly advantageous to design the large-area transparent 5 enclosing surfaces of greenhouses and glassed-in extensions as sealed glazing units having two or more panes, which are very effective thermal insulators.
Advantageously, the panes facing towards the enclosed space are designed as absorptive filter panels while the other panes are made of material which is highly transparent to the sun's rays.
10 When the panes of material which are highly transparent to solar radiation are made of glass, it has proved particularly advantageous according to a further embodiment of the invention to use clear, colourless flint glass because this type of glass is more transparent to the solar spectrum than conventional window glass.
15 Flint glass is a glass having an extremely low iron oxide content; in the visible range of the solar radiation spectrum the glass causes a barely perceptible increase in transparency, but in the non-visible, short-wave, infrared spectral ran~e the transmissivity for solar energy radiation is increased by approximately 10 %. Up until now, such glass has only been used as the covering glass of 20 solar collectors.
~ :
So far, in the case of structures having transparent enclosing surfaces, the benefits of such special glasses have by no means been appreciated because they only marginally increase the transparency to light; on the other hand, in the summer months they can increase the already excessive input of radiation 25 energy, which is barely tolerable unless measures are taken to protect against the sunshine.
A double-pane, highly efficient thermal glazing system helps to achieve considerable heat gains in a glass-enclosed space. This is of considerable benefit to the habitability of the space both in the transitional seasons of the 2110830 :::
year as well as in the winter months. In the summer on the other hand, when glass-enclosed spaces can easily become uninhabitable due to excessive heat build-up in strong sunshine, an effective protection against solar radiation is required and this usually takes the form of a sun blind.
5 According to another important embodiment of the invention, the enclosing surfaces are inclined outward from the ground up. The angle of inclination from the vertical is less than 30 and preferably between 10 and 15.
Such a measure has proved particularly advantageous in that, in the case of summer solar radiation, a large part of the directional solar radiation which 10 impinges at a steep angle, is reflected away from the structure due to the phenomenon of total reflection. On the other hand, under winter conditions, because of the low angle of incidence of the sunlight, almost all of the directional solar energy radiation passes through into the structure. Also, the diffuse radiation input is increased by reflection from the surface of the ~round, 15 particularly when snow has fallen.
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When the panes are inclined to the surface of the ground, the radiant heat losses from the room are reduced. In view of the hemispherical radiation, the surfaces of the ground and of the surrounding buildings or of the surrounding vegetation play a greater role as radiation partners of the panes. These 20 radiation partners have an incomparably higher radiation temperature than the extremely cold sky.
Compared also with the outdoor air in the winter months, the surfaces of the ground and the surfaces of surrounding buildings usually have a much hisher temperature level because of the solar radiation received during the day and 25 because of their ability to store this heat during the night. The same applies also to layers of snow in winter time.
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Another important advantage of the invention is that, according to another ~-embodiment, the transparent enclosing surfaces are desiyned as reversible ~ ~
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elements and may be adjusted as desired with one or the other of their sides facing towards the enclosed space or towards the outside.
Thus, by designing the enclosing surfaces as reversible elements it is possible,during the seasons of the year when there is no need to convert solar energy 5 into heat, to protect a structure enclosed by transparent enclosing surfaces from excessive insolation by turning the enclosing surfaces so that the sides which face inwards during the transitional seasons of the year and in winter now face outwards.
Because a selective filter pane which absorbs primarily the non-visible solar 10 spectrum is coated on one side with a coating which is transparent for short-wave solar radiation, but reduces the emissions of long-wave thermal radiation, the pane performs the function of a dark glass protecting against the sun when it is rotated by 180 compared with the position it occupies durin~ winter operation. Once the pane has been reversed, the emission-reducin~ coating is 15 positioned on the rear surface of the filter pane relative to the direction of the incident sunlight, i.e. on the side facing towards the enclosed space. In turn, the non-visible portion of the incident solar radiation is absorbed by the filter pane, as happens during winter operation. The thermal energy ~enerated in the filter pane is then for the most part radiated outwards because of the emission-20 reducing coating which is positioned to the inside, facing the room.
When sealed double glazing units are used for the enclosing surfaces ofglassed-in structures, this effect is naturally considerably enhanced because the air or gas layer enclosed between the panes forms a thermal barrier for heat transfer via convection and thermal conductivity, without affecting the 25 specific energetic radiation functions. The thermal barrier function of a sealed double-glazed element thus has proved to be extremely advantageous both in the winter and in the summer positions of the pane.
One embodiment of a structure according to the invention, having transparent enclosing surfaces, as well as various means of configuring these enclosing 2110830 ::
surfaces, will now be explained on the basis of the attached drawing, which ~ -contains the following diagrammatic views: ~ -Fig. 1 shows a conservatory designed as a glassed-in extension, with transparent enclosing surfaces attached to a fixed structure.
Fig. 2 shows a monolithic transparent panel element with a two-layer coating. ~ -Fig. 3 shows a transparent enc!osing element in the form of a monolithic coloured filter pane made of glass or plastic and having a coating which reduces the emission of thermal radiation.
~ - .
Fi~. 4 is a transparent enclosing element in the form of a colourless window glass or float glass having a selective filter coating on - ~ -one side and a coating which reduces the emission of thermal radiation on the other side. ~ ;
Fig. 5 shows a transparent composite enclosin~ element built up of two colourless glass panes joined together with one another by means of an adhesive foil.
Fig. 6 shows an enclosing element also designed in the form of a composite element, in which one of the panes is designed as a filter pane and .
20 Fig. 7 shows an enclosing element designed as a sealed double-glazed ~ -unit with two panes spaced a certain distance apart.
~, ...
The conservatory 10 illustrated in Fi3. 1 is a glassed-in extension attached to a wall 11 of a fixed structure 12; it comprises a skeleton framework, which is -not of any further interest here, and transparent enclosing surfaces mounted 25 in this framework structure. The glassed-in extension possesses in each case two sidewalls 13, 13' extending at a right angle from the wall 11 of the .
. .. - . . - . - .
. . .
-10- 21~0830 structure 12 and a longitudinal wall 14 runnin~ at a distance from this wall of the structure, as well as a roof surface 15 inclined at an angle from the wall 11 of the structure down to the longitudinal wall 14 of the conservatory. The roof surface consists of several roof trusses 16 spaced a certain distance apart5 and running parallel to each other, between which is fitted an enclosin~
element 17 which closes off the upper side of the room enclosed by the glassed-in porch. The sidewalls 13, 13' and the longitudinal wall 14 running parallel to the wall 11 of the structure are formed from casement elements 18 which can be pivoted by 180 around a vertical axis between a summer and 10 a winter position; the transparent enclosure elements, which will be described in detail below, are fitted in the frames 19 of these casement elements.
The enclosing element illustrated in Fig. 2 is a monolithic panel element 20 comprising a transparent pane 21 and a two-layer coating made up of the layers 21, 23. The coating 22 is applied directly to the pane and performs a 15 selective absorption function, while the second layer is applied on top of the absorptive layer and takes the form of a low-E coating which reduces the emission to the outside atmosphere of the thermal energy captured by the selective absorbing layer 22.
In such panel elements with a two-layer coating, care should be taken to 20 ensure that the coating is always applied to the panel element in such a way that the low-E coating 23 is applied on top of the absorption layer 22 (also referred to as a filter), which in turn is applied directly to the pane 21.
, .
The enclosing element 25 shown in Fig. 3 is a monolithic coloured filter pane 26 having applied to one side of it a low-E coating 27 which reduces the 25 emission of thermal radiation. The monolithic coloured filter pane may be a pane of pre-tensioned or partially pre-tensioned glass or it may also be a pane of plastic material. When an unprotected coating is applied to monolithic glass panes, it is recommended to use hard cover coatings which consist of tin oxide-based coatin~s applied pyrolytically to float glass.
~,, .
, . .. , ., . . . ~ . . - . . .
The enclosing element 30 illustrated in Fig. 4 comprises a pane 31 of highly transparent colourless flint glass containing extremely low amounts of iron oxides. On one side, this enclosing element is provided with a selective filter layer 32, consisting of inorganic or organic substances, which absorbs 5 disproportionately high amounts of solar radiation in the non-visible range. The other side of the glass pane is provided, in a similar manner to that used for the enclosing element according to Fig. 3, with a low-E coating 33 which reduces the emission of thermal radiation.
Instead of using a pane of colourless flint glass 31, it is also possible to use a 10 transparent plastic panel which may then incorporate appropriately acting pigments. When a transparent plastic panel equipped in this manner is used it is not necessary to apply the selective filter coating which absorbs solar radiation in the non-visible ranges, and the coating on the other side of the pane may be a layer of semi-conductor material or noble metal, preferably 15 covered with an extremely thin protective layer of plastic film through which thermal radiation can pass.
The composite element 35 illustrated in Fig. 5 consists of two colourless glass panes 36, 37, which are joined together with one another by means of a composite adhesive foil 38 designed as a filter layer. For this purpose, 20 selectively absorptive inorganic or organic pigments are embedded in the composite adhesive foil. Alternatively, the adhesive foil may also be a composite foil incorporating a filter foil in which inorganic or organic pigments are embedded. On the side facing away from the adhesive foil the pane 36 is provided wi~h a low-E coating 39.
25 The composite element 40 shown in Fig. 6 possesses a pane of glass or plasticmaterial, of the type described above in connection with Fig. 3, designed as a colour filter 41 which is connected over its entire surface to a pane 43 of colourless flint glass using a PVB or PU adhesive foil 42. A low-E coating 44, of the kind already dealt with above in connection with Figs. 2 to 5, is in turn30 applied to the other side of the pane of colourless flint glass.
.. , .' .
-12- 211083~) The enclosing element 45 seen in Fig. 7 is a sealed double-glazed element having two panes 46, 47 arranged at a certain distance from each other and containing an inert gas filling in the space 48 enclosed between the panes.
Again, as in the embodiments illustrated in Figs. 3 and 6, one of the outer 5 panes is designed as a coloured filter in the form of a pane of glass or plastic material 46 having a low-E coating 49 on the side facing the space between the panes. In contrast, the other pane 47 is designed as a pane of colourless flint glass which is held at a certain distance from the other pane in the manner indicated by the spacer section 50. The components 22, 26, 32, 38, 41, 46 10 are also cumulatively referred to as "filters". The aforesaid components 23, 27, 33, 39, 44, 49 are cummulatively referred to as "a coatin~"
:
The panel elements described above in connection with Figs. 2 to 7 may be used individually, but they may also be combined, for example into composite panes or sealed double-glazed units. In each case, care should be taken to 15 ensure that the low-E coating remains open to the surrounding atmosphere, i.e.
forms the outer or non-covered surface of a monolithic panel element. An exception from this rule is permitted only if this coating is possibly covered over by a protective coating which, like air or inert gas, is permeable to thermal radiation in the wavelength range from 2.5 I~m to 15 ~Im. This requirement is 20 met, for example, by certain relatively wear-resistant plastic materials such as polyvinyl chloride applied in a thickness of less than 50 IJm.
Fig. 1 shows one of the casement elements 18, which can be pivoted by 180 around a vertical axis between a winter and a summer position, in the open position in the longitudinal wall 14 of the conservatory 10. In the winter 25 setting the pivoting elements are adjusted in such a manner that the filter coatings or filter panes in each case face towards the room, behind the low-E
coatings, which are on the side facing the incoming solar radiation, so that the ~ -thermal energy induced in the filter layers is primarily emitted into the room.
On the other hand, in the summer setting the pivoting elements are rotated by 30 180 around their vertical axes so that the filter layers or filter panes are facing the incoming solar radiation in front of the low-E coatings, which then face inwards towards the room. In this settin~ the thermal ener~y induced in the filter panes is primarily emitted to the outside and in addition is also removed :
convectively to the outside.
.
Structures havin~ large and often predominantly transparent enclosing surfaces are usually known as conservatories and solariums but may also, for example, include greenhouses.
5 Conservatories and solariums are usually glassed-in extensions attached to onewall of a building and they enclose self-contained rooms which are interconnected with the rooms of the building situated to the rear of the structure. In these glassed-in extensions, the non-transparent enclosing surfaces are formed by the adjacent walls of the building and the floor of the 10 structure. On the other hand, in the case of greenhouses only the floor is a non-transparent enclosing surface.
It is characteristic of such structures with transparent enclosing surfaces that, depending on the angle of arrival of the incident solar energy, the latter enters into the structure by passing through a transparent enclosing surface and then 15 emerges from the structure either directly by passing through an opposite enclosing surface or it is reflected in all directions by surfaces located inside the room. Sunlight therefore to a large extent passes through such structures.
Glassed-in extensions have been enjoying increasing popularity especially in recent years. This is probably due on the one hand to the opportunity they 20 offer to experience an unimpeded view of the surroundin~ world while remaining protected from climatic conditions, and on the other hand their popularity is due to people's need for sunshine and the warmth of the sun.
Glassed-in extensions are regarded as thermal buffer zones for the attached buildings or also as passively heated solar collectors whose thermal energy 25 passes into the adjacent living spaces via room-air convection. However, it has been found that the thermal benefits of such glassed-in extensions fall far short of meeting the physical expectations placed in them by their designers.
~ ........... . . . .
Measurements conducted on experimental structures have revealed that in the most favourable of cases the attached buildings save no more than up to 15%
heating energy. But also, cases were found in which a negative thermal balance existed and where the benefits of the glassed-in structures, which 5 were erected to compensate for winter heat losses, were limited merely to the additional living space that was gained and to the experience of living close tonature.
In general, the limited habitability of rooms having large or predominantly transparent enclosing surfaces has proved to be disadvantageous. In order to 10 ensure that such glass-enclosed spaces remain habitable in the summer months it is usually necessary to provide which afford protection from the sun and which ventilate the structure. In the winter months, on the other hand, and in many instances also in the transitional periods between seasons, it is necessaryto provide heat by means of additional heating systems even when highly 15 efficient sealed double-glazing units with heat transmission values of, for example, k < 1.2 W/qmK are used.
In view of these inadequate--aspects of the current state of the art, the underlying task of the invention is to design structures with lar0e and predominantly transparent enclosing surfaces, such as conservatories or other 20 glassed-in extensions, but also greenhouses, which are rendered pleasantly habitable in the transitional periods between the seasons and in particular ~ -during the winter by efficient conversion of the incident radiant energy from the sun, without it being necessary to interfere with the architectural appearance of the structure. According to the invention, therefore, the energy 25 characteristics of glassed-in extensions would be optimized and the structures would be designed in such a way that they form efficient facilities for capturin~
solar radiant ener0y and thermally converting it in any adjacent rooms.
This task is solved in the following manner: In a structure havin~ one room, which is at least partially enclosed by transparent surfaces, in particular a ~O glazed extension in the form of a conservatory, a solarium or similar, the transparent enclosing surfaces are equipped with filters which for the most part .
selectively absorb the non-visible spectral components of the incident solar energy and convert them into long-wave thermal radiation, while allowing the visible components of the solar radiation for the most part to pass through unimpeded.
5 The object of the invention is thus, in particular, by means of selectively absorptive filters in the enclosing element, to convert into long-wave thermal radiation the non-visible components of the short-wave solar radiation impinging on a structure, right at the moment when the solar radiation passes through the transparent enclosing surface. The transparent surfaces enclosing 10 the room are approximately opaque to the solar energy entering the room in the form of long-wave thermal radiation. If the entire transparent enclosing surfaceof a glassed-in extension is equipped with absorptive filters, the non-visible portions of the incident solar energy are almost totally absorbed. This is what happens in particular in the case of glassed-in extensions in which the incident15 solar radiation passes through two sets of filters as it travels through the structure.
Since glass is opaque to long-wave thermal radiation, almost 50 % of the solar energy passing through such glassed-in extensions remains inside the transparently enclosed space. This is in particular the case when, in 20 accordance with a further embodiment of the invention, the transparent enclosing surfaces are equipped on their outer sides with a coating which reduces the emission of thermal radiation.
Such a coating, which is transparent to the solar spectrum, is thermally beneficial iri two ways. On the one hand it reduces the emission back into the 25 outside world of the thermal energy which is absorbed as the solar radiation passes through the transparent enclosing surface; and, on the other hand, it brings about a general increase in the thermal resistance of the glass enclosingsurfaces of the structure.
The coating which reduces the emission of thermal radiation may advantageously be a tin oxide coating which is pyrolytically applied to the transparent enclosing surfaces.
Such coatings are preferably applied to the surfaces which are exposed, 5 without protection, to the external atmosphere because the coatings possess excellent scratch resistance and are resistant to aging. On the other hantl, in the case of coatings which are protected against abrasion, such as coatings applied to the inner surfaces of the two panes of glass in sealed double glazin~units, it is possible to use less resistant semi-conductor or metal coatings 10 applied as a vapour in a vacuum and having induced transmission in the visible spectral range; or also structural coatings of organic substances may be applied; these latter coatings generally possess a lower emissivity than the pyrolytically applied tin oxide coatings.
Within the scope of the invention, the absorptive filters may be designed in particular as panes of glass or plastic having a core which is coloured or ;
enriched with selectively absorptive substances and through which the visible spectral components of solar energy can pass substantially unimpeded. The absorptive filters may also, however, take the form of selectively acting coatings of inorganic or organic material which are applied to the sides of the 20 transparent enclosiny surfaces facing inwards to the enclosed space. ~ ~ u Within the scope of the invention the transparent enclosing surfaces may also take the form of composite elements having at least two panes joined to~ether with on another at their surfaces by means of an adhesive foil.
Advantageously, one of these panes is an adsorptively acting filter panel and 25 the other pane is equipped on the side facing away from tne filter panel with the coating which reduces the emission of thermal radiation.
As an alternative to designing the enclosing surfaces as composite elements having an adsorptively acting filter panel, the adhesive layer between the two panes may also be formed as a filter layer which selectively absorbs solar 30 radiation in the non-visible range. Selectively absorptive, inorganic or organic pigments may be embedded in the adhesive foil or the adhesive foil may be a compound foil having an integral, embedded filter foil containing inorganic or organic pigments.
It has proved particularly advantageous to design the large-area transparent 5 enclosing surfaces of greenhouses and glassed-in extensions as sealed glazing units having two or more panes, which are very effective thermal insulators.
Advantageously, the panes facing towards the enclosed space are designed as absorptive filter panels while the other panes are made of material which is highly transparent to the sun's rays.
10 When the panes of material which are highly transparent to solar radiation are made of glass, it has proved particularly advantageous according to a further embodiment of the invention to use clear, colourless flint glass because this type of glass is more transparent to the solar spectrum than conventional window glass.
15 Flint glass is a glass having an extremely low iron oxide content; in the visible range of the solar radiation spectrum the glass causes a barely perceptible increase in transparency, but in the non-visible, short-wave, infrared spectral ran~e the transmissivity for solar energy radiation is increased by approximately 10 %. Up until now, such glass has only been used as the covering glass of 20 solar collectors.
~ :
So far, in the case of structures having transparent enclosing surfaces, the benefits of such special glasses have by no means been appreciated because they only marginally increase the transparency to light; on the other hand, in the summer months they can increase the already excessive input of radiation 25 energy, which is barely tolerable unless measures are taken to protect against the sunshine.
A double-pane, highly efficient thermal glazing system helps to achieve considerable heat gains in a glass-enclosed space. This is of considerable benefit to the habitability of the space both in the transitional seasons of the 2110830 :::
year as well as in the winter months. In the summer on the other hand, when glass-enclosed spaces can easily become uninhabitable due to excessive heat build-up in strong sunshine, an effective protection against solar radiation is required and this usually takes the form of a sun blind.
5 According to another important embodiment of the invention, the enclosing surfaces are inclined outward from the ground up. The angle of inclination from the vertical is less than 30 and preferably between 10 and 15.
Such a measure has proved particularly advantageous in that, in the case of summer solar radiation, a large part of the directional solar radiation which 10 impinges at a steep angle, is reflected away from the structure due to the phenomenon of total reflection. On the other hand, under winter conditions, because of the low angle of incidence of the sunlight, almost all of the directional solar energy radiation passes through into the structure. Also, the diffuse radiation input is increased by reflection from the surface of the ~round, 15 particularly when snow has fallen.
.
When the panes are inclined to the surface of the ground, the radiant heat losses from the room are reduced. In view of the hemispherical radiation, the surfaces of the ground and of the surrounding buildings or of the surrounding vegetation play a greater role as radiation partners of the panes. These 20 radiation partners have an incomparably higher radiation temperature than the extremely cold sky.
Compared also with the outdoor air in the winter months, the surfaces of the ground and the surfaces of surrounding buildings usually have a much hisher temperature level because of the solar radiation received during the day and 25 because of their ability to store this heat during the night. The same applies also to layers of snow in winter time.
::
Another important advantage of the invention is that, according to another ~-embodiment, the transparent enclosing surfaces are desiyned as reversible ~ ~
.... . . .
elements and may be adjusted as desired with one or the other of their sides facing towards the enclosed space or towards the outside.
Thus, by designing the enclosing surfaces as reversible elements it is possible,during the seasons of the year when there is no need to convert solar energy 5 into heat, to protect a structure enclosed by transparent enclosing surfaces from excessive insolation by turning the enclosing surfaces so that the sides which face inwards during the transitional seasons of the year and in winter now face outwards.
Because a selective filter pane which absorbs primarily the non-visible solar 10 spectrum is coated on one side with a coating which is transparent for short-wave solar radiation, but reduces the emissions of long-wave thermal radiation, the pane performs the function of a dark glass protecting against the sun when it is rotated by 180 compared with the position it occupies durin~ winter operation. Once the pane has been reversed, the emission-reducin~ coating is 15 positioned on the rear surface of the filter pane relative to the direction of the incident sunlight, i.e. on the side facing towards the enclosed space. In turn, the non-visible portion of the incident solar radiation is absorbed by the filter pane, as happens during winter operation. The thermal energy ~enerated in the filter pane is then for the most part radiated outwards because of the emission-20 reducing coating which is positioned to the inside, facing the room.
When sealed double glazing units are used for the enclosing surfaces ofglassed-in structures, this effect is naturally considerably enhanced because the air or gas layer enclosed between the panes forms a thermal barrier for heat transfer via convection and thermal conductivity, without affecting the 25 specific energetic radiation functions. The thermal barrier function of a sealed double-glazed element thus has proved to be extremely advantageous both in the winter and in the summer positions of the pane.
One embodiment of a structure according to the invention, having transparent enclosing surfaces, as well as various means of configuring these enclosing 2110830 ::
surfaces, will now be explained on the basis of the attached drawing, which ~ -contains the following diagrammatic views: ~ -Fig. 1 shows a conservatory designed as a glassed-in extension, with transparent enclosing surfaces attached to a fixed structure.
Fig. 2 shows a monolithic transparent panel element with a two-layer coating. ~ -Fig. 3 shows a transparent enc!osing element in the form of a monolithic coloured filter pane made of glass or plastic and having a coating which reduces the emission of thermal radiation.
~ - .
Fi~. 4 is a transparent enclosing element in the form of a colourless window glass or float glass having a selective filter coating on - ~ -one side and a coating which reduces the emission of thermal radiation on the other side. ~ ;
Fig. 5 shows a transparent composite enclosin~ element built up of two colourless glass panes joined together with one another by means of an adhesive foil.
Fig. 6 shows an enclosing element also designed in the form of a composite element, in which one of the panes is designed as a filter pane and .
20 Fig. 7 shows an enclosing element designed as a sealed double-glazed ~ -unit with two panes spaced a certain distance apart.
~, ...
The conservatory 10 illustrated in Fi3. 1 is a glassed-in extension attached to a wall 11 of a fixed structure 12; it comprises a skeleton framework, which is -not of any further interest here, and transparent enclosing surfaces mounted 25 in this framework structure. The glassed-in extension possesses in each case two sidewalls 13, 13' extending at a right angle from the wall 11 of the .
. .. - . . - . - .
. . .
-10- 21~0830 structure 12 and a longitudinal wall 14 runnin~ at a distance from this wall of the structure, as well as a roof surface 15 inclined at an angle from the wall 11 of the structure down to the longitudinal wall 14 of the conservatory. The roof surface consists of several roof trusses 16 spaced a certain distance apart5 and running parallel to each other, between which is fitted an enclosin~
element 17 which closes off the upper side of the room enclosed by the glassed-in porch. The sidewalls 13, 13' and the longitudinal wall 14 running parallel to the wall 11 of the structure are formed from casement elements 18 which can be pivoted by 180 around a vertical axis between a summer and 10 a winter position; the transparent enclosure elements, which will be described in detail below, are fitted in the frames 19 of these casement elements.
The enclosing element illustrated in Fig. 2 is a monolithic panel element 20 comprising a transparent pane 21 and a two-layer coating made up of the layers 21, 23. The coating 22 is applied directly to the pane and performs a 15 selective absorption function, while the second layer is applied on top of the absorptive layer and takes the form of a low-E coating which reduces the emission to the outside atmosphere of the thermal energy captured by the selective absorbing layer 22.
In such panel elements with a two-layer coating, care should be taken to 20 ensure that the coating is always applied to the panel element in such a way that the low-E coating 23 is applied on top of the absorption layer 22 (also referred to as a filter), which in turn is applied directly to the pane 21.
, .
The enclosing element 25 shown in Fig. 3 is a monolithic coloured filter pane 26 having applied to one side of it a low-E coating 27 which reduces the 25 emission of thermal radiation. The monolithic coloured filter pane may be a pane of pre-tensioned or partially pre-tensioned glass or it may also be a pane of plastic material. When an unprotected coating is applied to monolithic glass panes, it is recommended to use hard cover coatings which consist of tin oxide-based coatin~s applied pyrolytically to float glass.
~,, .
, . .. , ., . . . ~ . . - . . .
The enclosing element 30 illustrated in Fig. 4 comprises a pane 31 of highly transparent colourless flint glass containing extremely low amounts of iron oxides. On one side, this enclosing element is provided with a selective filter layer 32, consisting of inorganic or organic substances, which absorbs 5 disproportionately high amounts of solar radiation in the non-visible range. The other side of the glass pane is provided, in a similar manner to that used for the enclosing element according to Fig. 3, with a low-E coating 33 which reduces the emission of thermal radiation.
Instead of using a pane of colourless flint glass 31, it is also possible to use a 10 transparent plastic panel which may then incorporate appropriately acting pigments. When a transparent plastic panel equipped in this manner is used it is not necessary to apply the selective filter coating which absorbs solar radiation in the non-visible ranges, and the coating on the other side of the pane may be a layer of semi-conductor material or noble metal, preferably 15 covered with an extremely thin protective layer of plastic film through which thermal radiation can pass.
The composite element 35 illustrated in Fig. 5 consists of two colourless glass panes 36, 37, which are joined together with one another by means of a composite adhesive foil 38 designed as a filter layer. For this purpose, 20 selectively absorptive inorganic or organic pigments are embedded in the composite adhesive foil. Alternatively, the adhesive foil may also be a composite foil incorporating a filter foil in which inorganic or organic pigments are embedded. On the side facing away from the adhesive foil the pane 36 is provided wi~h a low-E coating 39.
25 The composite element 40 shown in Fig. 6 possesses a pane of glass or plasticmaterial, of the type described above in connection with Fig. 3, designed as a colour filter 41 which is connected over its entire surface to a pane 43 of colourless flint glass using a PVB or PU adhesive foil 42. A low-E coating 44, of the kind already dealt with above in connection with Figs. 2 to 5, is in turn30 applied to the other side of the pane of colourless flint glass.
.. , .' .
-12- 211083~) The enclosing element 45 seen in Fig. 7 is a sealed double-glazed element having two panes 46, 47 arranged at a certain distance from each other and containing an inert gas filling in the space 48 enclosed between the panes.
Again, as in the embodiments illustrated in Figs. 3 and 6, one of the outer 5 panes is designed as a coloured filter in the form of a pane of glass or plastic material 46 having a low-E coating 49 on the side facing the space between the panes. In contrast, the other pane 47 is designed as a pane of colourless flint glass which is held at a certain distance from the other pane in the manner indicated by the spacer section 50. The components 22, 26, 32, 38, 41, 46 10 are also cumulatively referred to as "filters". The aforesaid components 23, 27, 33, 39, 44, 49 are cummulatively referred to as "a coatin~"
:
The panel elements described above in connection with Figs. 2 to 7 may be used individually, but they may also be combined, for example into composite panes or sealed double-glazed units. In each case, care should be taken to 15 ensure that the low-E coating remains open to the surrounding atmosphere, i.e.
forms the outer or non-covered surface of a monolithic panel element. An exception from this rule is permitted only if this coating is possibly covered over by a protective coating which, like air or inert gas, is permeable to thermal radiation in the wavelength range from 2.5 I~m to 15 ~Im. This requirement is 20 met, for example, by certain relatively wear-resistant plastic materials such as polyvinyl chloride applied in a thickness of less than 50 IJm.
Fig. 1 shows one of the casement elements 18, which can be pivoted by 180 around a vertical axis between a winter and a summer position, in the open position in the longitudinal wall 14 of the conservatory 10. In the winter 25 setting the pivoting elements are adjusted in such a manner that the filter coatings or filter panes in each case face towards the room, behind the low-E
coatings, which are on the side facing the incoming solar radiation, so that the ~ -thermal energy induced in the filter layers is primarily emitted into the room.
On the other hand, in the summer setting the pivoting elements are rotated by 30 180 around their vertical axes so that the filter layers or filter panes are facing the incoming solar radiation in front of the low-E coatings, which then face inwards towards the room. In this settin~ the thermal ener~y induced in the filter panes is primarily emitted to the outside and in addition is also removed :
convectively to the outside.
.
Claims (17)
1. A structure having a space at least partially enclosed by transparent enclosing surfaces, in particular a glassed-in extension in the form of a conservatory, a solarium or the like, wherein the transparent enclosing surfaces are provided with filters, which selectively absorb the non-visible spectral components of the incident solar energy and convert it into long-wave thermal radiation while allowing the visible components of the solar radiation to pass largely unimpeded.
2. A structure according to Claim 1, wherein the transparent enclosing walls are provided on the side facing outwards with a coating which reduces the emission of thermal radiation.
3. A structure according to Claim 2, wherein the coating which reduces the emission of thermal radiation is a layer of tin oxide which is pyrolytically applied to the transparent enclosing surfaces.
4. A structure according to one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the absorptive filters are panes of glass or plastic having coloured cores through which the visible components of solar energy can pass substantially unimpeded.
5. A structure according to one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the absorptive filters are selectively acting coatings of inorganic or organic materials which are applied to the sides of the transparent enclosing surfaces facing inwards to the enclosed space.
6. A structure according to one of Claims 1 to 3 wherein the transparent enclosing surfaces are designed as compound elements having at least two panes joined together with one another in full-surface contact by means of an adhesive foil.
7. A structure according to Claim 6, wherein one of the panes is designed as an adsorptively acting filter panel and the other pane is equipped on the side facing away from the filter panel with a coating which reduces the emission of thermal radiation.
8. A structure according to Claim 6, wherein the adhesive layer between the two panes is designed as a filter layer which selectively absorbs radiation in the non-visible range of solar radiation.
9. A structure according to Claim 8, wherein the adhesive layer is designed as an adhesive foil and that selectively absorptive inorganic or organic pigments are incorporated into the foil.
10. A structure according to Claim 8, wherein the adhesive layer is a composite foil with an integral imbedded filter foil containing inorganic or organic pigments.
11. A structure according to one of Claims 1-3, 7-10, wherein the transparent enclosing surfaces are made of sealed glazing units having two or more panes, which are very efficient thermal insulators.
12. A structure according to Claim 11, wherein the panes facing inwards towards the enclosed room are designed as absorptive filter panels, while the other panes, consist of material which is highly transparent to solar radiation.
13. A structure according to Claim 12, wherein the panes made of materials which are highly transparent to solar radiation are panes of colourless flint glass.
14. A structure according to one of Claims 1-3, 7-10, wherein the enclosing surfaces are inclined outwards from the bottom up.
15. A structure according to Claim 14, wherein the enclosing surfaces are inclined from the vertical by an angle of less than 30°.
16. The structure of claim 15 wherein said angle is between 10° and 15°.
17. A structure according to one of Claims 1-3, 7-10, wherein the transparent enclosing surfaces are designed as reversible elements and may be adjusted optionally with one or the other of their sides facing towards the enclosed space or towards the outside.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4241125A DE4241125C2 (en) | 1992-12-07 | 1992-12-07 | Structure with transparent envelope surfaces |
| DEP4241125.4 | 1992-12-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2110830A1 true CA2110830A1 (en) | 1994-06-08 |
Family
ID=6474573
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002110830A Abandoned CA2110830A1 (en) | 1992-12-07 | 1993-12-07 | Structure with transparent enclosing surfaces |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0601412A1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR940015121A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2110830A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4241125C2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT201700110729A1 (en) * | 2017-10-03 | 2019-04-03 | Dott Gallina S R L | REINFORCED COVER PANEL |
| WO2021056108A1 (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2021-04-01 | The Royal Institution For The Advancement Of Learning / Mcgill University | Method of growing a plant having at least one light absorbing pigment |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE29501284U1 (en) * | 1995-01-27 | 1995-05-11 | Mueller Richard Dipl Ing | Buildings, especially residential buildings |
| DE19619400A1 (en) * | 1995-04-27 | 1996-10-31 | Winfried H Dipl Ing Eming | Building extension construction method |
| DE102004063802A1 (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2006-07-13 | Karl-Heinz Blasczyk | Transparent wall unit, especially for acoustic insulation at building facades, has a compound structure with glass and acrylic panes held together by a transparent bonding layer |
| EP4226810A1 (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2023-08-16 | Schott Ag | Insulating unit, door, sidewall and chiller or freezer device |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE787599A (en) * | 1971-08-16 | 1973-02-16 | Battelle Memorial Institute | ANTISOLAR FILTERING AND THERMAL INSULATION GLASS |
| GB8508092D0 (en) * | 1985-03-28 | 1985-05-01 | Glaverbel | Transparent glazing panels |
| DE3614978A1 (en) * | 1986-05-02 | 1987-11-12 | Heinz Kunert | WALL AND / OR BALANCE ELEMENT |
| DE3707214A1 (en) * | 1987-03-06 | 1988-09-15 | Hoechst Ag | COATED PLASTIC FILM AND PLASTIC LAMINATE MADE THEREOF |
| SE8801491L (en) * | 1988-04-22 | 1989-10-23 | Coat I Goeteborg Ab | DEVICE AT WINDOWS |
-
1992
- 1992-12-07 DE DE4241125A patent/DE4241125C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-11-26 EP EP93119075A patent/EP0601412A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-12-07 CA CA002110830A patent/CA2110830A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-12-13 KR KR1019930027485A patent/KR940015121A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT201700110729A1 (en) * | 2017-10-03 | 2019-04-03 | Dott Gallina S R L | REINFORCED COVER PANEL |
| WO2021056108A1 (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2021-04-01 | The Royal Institution For The Advancement Of Learning / Mcgill University | Method of growing a plant having at least one light absorbing pigment |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0601412A1 (en) | 1994-06-15 |
| DE4241125A1 (en) | 1994-06-09 |
| KR940015121A (en) | 1994-07-20 |
| DE4241125C2 (en) | 2000-06-15 |
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