EA017986B1 - Multiple glazing unit having increased selectivity - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a multiple glazing unit (10) comprising at least an outer pane (20) and an inner pane (40), the panes being separated by at least one insulating layer (30) and said outer pane (20) having an inner face in contact with the insulating layer (30), characterized in that said outer pane (20) comprises an absorption-based solar control substrate, which has a normal coefficient of radiation 75% or higher, wherein said inner face of the outer pane (20) in contact with the insulating layer (30) being coated with a low-E thin-film coating (29).

Description

The invention relates to a composite glass unit containing at least an outer panel and an inner panel, the panels being separated by at least one insulating layer and said outer panel having an inner side in contact with the insulating layer.

The present invention thus relates to the field of double-glazed windows, such as windows for buildings, intended to separate the site and thus to separate between the outer space and the inner space, allowing at least a portion of the light and, in particular, visible sunlight pass through them.

Thus, in the present invention, the term composite glass packet is understood to mean a glass packet containing at least two panels, namely, an outer panel and an inner panel, an insulating layer consisting, for example, of a layer of air or airless space, or, even better, an inert layer gas placed between the two panels and in contact with at least the inside of the outer panel.

A layer is called insulating because it can conduct heat only very slightly. Therefore, it is not a solid or liquid material.

If the specified insulating layer is also in contact with the inner side of the inner panel, the composite double-glazed window thus represents a double-glazed window.

However, it is also possible that the insulating layer itself is divided into two independent parts by a panel. The double-glazed window is then a triple double-glazed window.

In the present invention, the panels are typically monolithic panels, each consisting of a sheet of solid material, in particular glass and even plastic. They can also be composite panels made of several sheets of glass, two sheets of glass, separated by a sheet of plastic, with the formation of a laminated panel.

In order to obtain a double-glazed window according to the present invention, a peripheral frame is provided around the perimeter of the double-glazed window at least to contain an insulating layer between the panels. The specified frame can further enhance the overall stiffness of the glass.

In the current level of technology it is known to obtain composite glass units without improved thermal insulation. In this case, the insulating layer has the effect of preventing energy transfer between the two extreme (the innermost and the outermost) panels due to its property of extremely low thermal conductivity. In addition, convection in said insulating layer is also extremely low.

However, to reduce the passage of solar thermal radiation and, in particular, close to infrared, into the internal space, a person skilled in the art knows how to obtain what is called a composite glass unit with controlled absorption of solar radiation, the outer panel of which is provided on its side facing to the insulating layer, with a thin-film multilayer, which passes most of the visible light through it, but partially blocks the light close to infrared, on the side of 2 glass eta (side 1 is the side of the outer panel that is in contact with the external environment).

Two types of panels with controlled absorption of solar radiation ((CP) (8C)) are known to those skilled in the art, namely, absorbing CP panels and reflective CP panels.

The main problem associated with absorbing CP panels is that the panel re-radiates part of the energy that it absorbs on side 2 to the insulating layer in the thermal infrared region of the light (wavelength of about 10 μm).

This problem is even more acute in the case of triple-pane windows, since said re-radiation to the first insulating layer, starting from the outside, can heat the said layer and cause condensation on the next side to the interior, which is colder.

These panels have an indicator of repeated thermal radiation c _| higher than reflective CP panels, and therefore absorbing CP panels have a higher solar radiation coefficient than reflective CP panels, even if their energy conductivity is as good as that of the latter.

One objective of the present invention is to reduce the disadvantages of the prototype by creating a composite double-glazed window, which introduces an absorbing external panel CP, but which has a lower rate of re-thermal radiation c _| and therefore a lower coefficient of solar radiation and, accordingly, higher selectivity.

Another important objective of the present invention is to achieve this result in a simple and economical way.

The present invention, therefore, relates in its broadest aspect to a double-glazed unit, as claimed in claim 1. The specified double-glazed window contains at least an outer panel and an inner panel, and the panels are separated by at least one insulating layer, and the specified outer panel has an inner side in contact with the insulating layer, and the double-glazed window is characterized in that said outer panel contains an absorbent a substrate with controlled absorption of solar radiation, with the specified inner side of the outer pa

- 1 017986 non-contact with the insulating layer is covered with a thin-film multilayer with low emissivity.

Thus, a thin film multilayer with a low emissivity, located on the indicated surface of the outer panel in contact with the insulating layer, actually in a position farther to the internal medium than the absorbing device, limits the re-thermal radiation of the absorbing device of the absorbing substrate with controlled absorption of solar radiation to the insulating layer and therefore to the internal environment.

The indicated decrease in re-radiation results in a decrease in the re-radiation coefficient s. || and, thus, a decrease in the solar radiation coefficient of the glass unit and, as a consequence, an increase in its selectivity at a lower cost of production than in the case of a reflecting glass unit.

The resulting selectivity may even be better than the selectivity typically obtained by reflective CP glass units without correspondingly reduced light transmission.

The absorbent substrate with controlled absorption of solar radiation preferably has a normal emissivity of <75% or even> 75% and more preferably <80% or even>80%; and / or light transmission T _E in the following ratio: visible light transmission / energy transmission T _E T _b / T _E such that 1.5> T _b / T _E > 2.8 or even 1.5 <T _b / T _E < 2.8, more preferably 1.8> T _b / T _E > 2.8, even 1.8 <T _E / T _E <2.8.

Preferably, the thin film multilayer with a low emissivity has: selectivity corresponding to the light transmittance T _E in such a ratio: transmittance of visible light / solar radiation coefficient T ₁ / 8P such that T | / 8P> 1.5 or even <1.5 and more preferably >1.4; and / or Visible light transmittance T of light _b is 6-mm transparent substrate is <70%, or even> 70%, and even more preferably <75%, or even>75%; and / or a solar radiation coefficient of 8P <50%, or even> 50%, and even more preferably <55%, or even> 55%.

According to the present invention, the outer panel may have several alternative or combinatorial designs:

in the first embodiment, said outer panel is monolithic, and said substrate with controlled absorption of solar radiation is a mass-colored substrate;

in a second embodiment, said outer panel includes an absorbent coating with controlled absorption of solar radiation, comprising an absorbent thin film multilayer;

in a third embodiment, said outer panel has an absorbent coating comprising a dielectric matrix, said matrix introducing metal or semiconductor nanocermet; and in a fourth embodiment, said outer panel is a composite panel.

In a second embodiment, said absorbing thin film layer preferably includes at least one absorbing functional layer based on a metal nitride, such as niobium nitride.

In a third embodiment, said dielectric matrix is preferably edged with a lower dielectric-based coating and an upper dielectric-based coating.

In a fourth embodiment, the composite outer panel may include a mass-dyed intermediate substrate and / or may be electrochromic.

In addition, the thin film multilayer with a low emissivity is preferably a multilayer that includes a reflective silver-containing metal functional layer, said functional layer being edged with the underlying dielectric coating and the lower dielectric coating. Thus, it is not expensive to manufacture.

Furthermore, said inner panel of the composite glass unit preferably consists of a transparent substance, so that there is no unnecessary decrease in the light transmission of the glass unit in the visible region of the light.

In one embodiment, the composite double-glazed window according to the present invention is a triple double-glazed window, the insulating layer of which is divided into two independent parts by a panel consisting, in particular, of a transparent substrate.

The present invention also relates to the use of an absorbing substrate with controlled absorption of solar radiation according to the present invention for producing an outer panel of a composite double-glazed window comprising at least said outer panel and an inner panel, the panels being separated by at least one insulating layer and said

- 2 017986, the outer panel has an inner side in contact with the insulating layer, the glass unit being characterized in that said outer panel comprises an absorbing substrate with controlled absorption of solar radiation, wherein said inner side of the outer panel in contact with the insulating layer is coated with a thin film multilayer with low emissivity .

Advantageously, the selectivity gain obtained in the form of a double-glazed window or in the form of a triple-glazed window is from 10 to 50% of the selectivity of a double-glazed window or a triple double-glazed window of the same structure, respectively, having only an absorbing CP substrate not coated with a thin film multilayer with low emissivity.

The present invention will be more clearly understood by reading the following detailed description of non-limiting illustrative embodiments and the accompanying figures, where:

in FIG. 1 shows the solar spectrum as a normalized intensity;

in FIG. 2 shows an example of absorption of an absorbent CP substrate;

in FIG. 3 shows an example of reflection of a reflective CP substrate;

in FIG. 4 shows an example of absorption of a mass-colored absorbent CP substrate and absorption of a transparent substrate;

in FIG. 5 shows an example of reflection of a low emissivity reflective substrate;

in FIG. Figure 6 shows an example of the transmission of a mass-colored absorbing CP substrate coated with a low-emitting multilayer;

in FIG. 7 shows a first exemplary embodiment of the invention with a painted monolithic CP substrate coated with a low-emissivity thin-film multilayer;

in FIG. 8 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the invention with a painted monolithic CP substrate coated with an absorbing CP multilayer under a thin film multilayer with low emissivity;

in FIG. 9 shows a third exemplary embodiment of the invention with a painted monolithic CP substrate coated with an absorbent coating having a dielectric matrix under a thin film multilayer with low emissivity; and in FIG. 10 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of the invention with a multilayer outer panel incorporating a CP-colored substrate, the inner side of the outer panel being covered with a low-emissivity thin-film multilayer.

It should be noted that the proportions between the various elements shown are not respected, and the peripheral glass unit is not shown in FIG. 7-10 to make them easier to review.

In FIG. 1 shows the intensity of the solar spectrum, expressed as normalized intensity (I) as a function of wavelength (λ in nm).

The wavelength corresponding to the spectrum of visible light is shown below the x-axis in the form of a rectangle filled with wavy lines.

In the indicated FIG. 1 also shows, in a dashed line, the effect provided by an ideal double-glazed unit with controlled absorption of solar radiation, such as may be desired by a person skilled in the art. This double-glazed window with controlled absorption of solar radiation transmits any wave intensity in the visible region, but prevents all waves from passing in the infrared region both near the infrared region next to the visible and infrared regions.

The indicated dashed line thus shows the ideal selectivity of the glass unit.

However, a person skilled in the art knows that for an instant a double-glazed unit with controlled absorption of solar radiation does not have the indicated selectivity.

A person skilled in the art knows that 5 = T _b / §P, where the light transmission is represented as | 5 (λ) τ (λ) ν (λ) ί 1λ

T - λ _________ _________ „* · | 8 (λ) ν (λ) <1λ λ

λ represents the wavelength in the visible region; solar radiation coefficient 8Г = Т _Е + ц ₁ , where the transmission of energy is presented as | δ (λ) τ (λ) άλ

IG _ λ _________ ^E ~] 8 (λ) όλ

And λ represents the wavelength in the infrared region (near and beyond the infrared region);

indicator of repeated thermal radiation c _| is a function of absorption and emissivity;

represents a solar spectrum;

T represents the permeability of the glass; and

- 3 017986

V represents the susceptibility of the human eye.

Two types of panels with controlled absorption of solar radiation (CP) are currently known to those skilled in the art, namely, absorbing CP panels and reflective CP panels.

Typically, these panels are exterior glass panels with controlled absorption of solar radiation.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows a chart of the measured absorption coefficient in% as a function of wavelength λ in nm of a known absorbent CP substrate (in this case, a substrate sold under the name Co1-L2e 8T by 8ash1-Co2ash C1acc) with a thickness of 6 mm, installed as a double-glazed unit when combining it with a 6 mm transparent inner panel, said panels being separated by an insulating layer of 90% argon / 10% air with a thickness of 15 mm.

Said outer panel substrate is coated with an absorbent coating comprising an absorbent thin film multilayer, which includes an absorbing functional layer based on niobium nitride, edged with nitride coatings.

The double-glazed unit has a T _{E of} about 37% and s. |, Of about 8.5% and therefore of 8P of about 45.5%.

It would be ideal for said substrate to have the lowest possible absorption in the visible region of the light and the highest possible absorption in the infrared region, but this is not the case.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows a diagram of the measured reflection coefficient in% as a function of the wavelength λ in nm of the known reflective CP substrate (in this case, the substrate sold under the name 8X172 by 8ash1-CoBash C1acc) with a thickness of 6 mm installed as a double glazed unit when combined with 6 mm transparent inner panel, and these panels are separated by an insulating layer of 90% argon / 10% air with a thickness of 15 mm.

Said outer panel substrate is coated with a reflective coating containing a reflective thin-film multilayer containing two reflective silver-containing metal functional layers, each functional layer being edged with a lower coating based on dielectric materials, in this case oxide materials, and an upper coating based on dielectric materials, in this case, oxide materials.

The double-glazed unit has a T _{E of} about 36% and s. |, Of about 4.5% and, therefore, 8P of about 40.5%, which in the end is better than in the case of the above absorbent substrate, from the point of view of selectivity.

It would be ideal for said substrate to have the lowest possible reflection in the visible region of the light and the highest possible reflection in the infrared region, but this does not occur.

In FIG. Figure 4 shows a diagram of the measured reflection coefficient in% as a function of wavelength A in nm, on the one hand shown by the dashed line of the known reflective CP substrate, in this case, the substrate sold under the name Ragco1 Sgeei by the company 8at1-Cobash C1acc (hereinafter referred to as PC), and c on the other hand, for comparison, the solid line shown is a transparent substrate, sold under the name P1a11, by the company 8A1-CoBAI ClAcc (hereinafter referred to as PX).

In order to prevent the outer CP panel in the glass packet from re-emitting part of the energy that it absorbs towards the insulating layer, the present invention thus assumes that the outer absorbing panel with controlled absorption of solar radiation is coated on its side in contact with the thin film insulating layer multilayer with low emissivity in contact with the insulating layer.

In this case, the re-radiation towards the insulating layer is reduced, the thermal re-radiation is thus reduced, and the solar radiation coefficient is therefore reduced, and therefore there is a tendency to increase selectivity with the same light transmission.

In FIG. Figure 5 shows a chart of the measured reflection coefficient in% as a function of the wavelength of the known reflective SL substrate in nm with a low emissivity, in this case, the substrate, sold under the name P1, P1, P1, P1, P1, firm 8at1-CoLash C1acc (hereinafter referred to as PbT) with a thickness of 6 mm installed as a double glazed unit when combined with a 6 mm transparent inner panel, said panels being separated by an insulating layer of 90% argon / 10% air with a thickness of 15 mm.

Said outer panel substrate is coated with a reflective coating comprising a reflective thin film multilayer that includes a reflective silver-containing metal functional layer. It has a structure similar to that in Example 4 of European patent application EP 718250, with an upper mechanical protective coating in addition.

In the table. 1-3, the measured values are shown for three examples of double-glazed windows according to the present invention, the outer panel of which has a thickness of 6 mm and the inner panel has a thickness of 6 mm, and these panels are separated by an insulating layer consisting of 90% argon and 10% air, thickness 15 mm

- 4 017986

Table 1

Ρ6 / ΡΖΧ 8ΚΝ-172 / ΡΖΧ PXT / PXX ₽ + rkh / rkhkh Th (%) 65.00 64.7 77 63.4 T _E (%) 36.50 35.8 49 31 <31 8 4.8 6.3 5 sg 44.5 40.6 55.4 36 ί in | 1.45 1.6 1.4 1.75

The last column in the above table corresponds to the design in which the outer panel consists of a PC substrate on which a low emissivity PbT multilayer is applied.

In FIG. 6 is a graph of the measured transmittance in% as a function of wavelength λ in nm for the indicated structure.

table 2

Τ3Ά4 + / ΡΙΧ 3ΚΝ-172 / ΡΖΧ ΡΙ.Τ / ΡΖΧ TPA4 + * Pbt / Pbx T _b (%) 52.6 64.7 77 51.5 T _E (%) 24.7 35.8 49 22.1 41 8.9 4.8 6.3 4.7 Sp 33.6 40.6 55.4 26.8 3 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.9

Table 3

iSgeel / IAC zyug-pg / pkh РЪТ / РЬХ I- Cx-eiap * Pbt / Pbx T _b (%> 65.8 77 64.3 T _E (%) 41.2 35.8 49 34.0 41 8.4 4.8 6.3 5.3 Sp 49.6 40.6 55.4 * 39.3 3 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.6

The name T8L4 + denotes a colored absorbent substrate with controlled absorption of solar radiation, supplied by §ash1-Cobash BskipG, used in particular as a substrate for automobiles.

The name H-CGCSP denotes a colored absorbent substrate with controlled absorption of solar radiation, supplied by 8ash1-Cobash C1a55, used, in particular, for architectural glazing.

Said construction of the above three examples is also shown in FIG. 7.

In this figure, a composite glass unit (10) comprises an outer panel (20) and an inner panel (4), which are separated by an insulating layer (30). The incident solar radiation is shown by a wide arrow to the left of the glass packet.

The double-glazed window thus has four sides, numbered from 1 to 4 from the external medium to the internal medium, and the insulating layer is in contact with the sides 2 and 3.

The outer panel (20) consists of a mass-colored absorbing substrate with controlled absorption of solar radiation RS (22), and this substrate is coated on its inner side 2 with a thin-film multilayer with a low emissivity PbT (29).

The selectivity obtained by this solution is much better than the selectivity of an absorbing CP-containing double-glazed window (2nd column).

A Pb multilayer with a single silver-containing functional layer makes it possible to obtain a low emissivity sufficient to significantly reduce the re-radiation of the energy of the absorbing CP substrate.

The light transmission of the solution shown in the 4th column is high and does not change significantly when applying a multilayer with low emissivity, since the latter is very neutral in the visible part of the spectrum. The transmission of energy is mainly limited by the absorbing CP substrate. The solar radiation coefficient and selectivity are thus also good, or even slightly better than a double-glazed window, introducing a reflective CPmultilayer based on 8ΚΝ-172 (3rd column), which contains two silver-containing metal functional layers.

The solution according to the 5th column is also less expensive to manufacture than the solution in the 3rd column.

Another solution is as shown in FIG. 8, in the use of controlled-controlled substrates

- 5 017986 by absorbing solar radiation (22) coated with an absorbing coating comprising an absorbing thin film multilayer (24), in particular an absorbing thin film multilayer (24), which includes at least one absorbing functional layer based on a metal nitride, such as niobium nitride, such as, for example, a multilayer of the type Coo1b6e 8T. In the design shown, an absorbing thin-film multilayer (24) is deposited on a colored PC-type substrate, but it can also be applied on a transparent PX-type substrate.

Another solution is as shown in FIG. 9, in the use of a substrate with controlled absorption of solar radiation (22), coated with an absorbing coating containing a dielectric matrix (26), and this matrix introduces metal or semiconductor nanocermet so? in order to achieve high-efficiency absorption near the IR region by plasmon-resonance effect with (wavelength) adjustable peak depending on the material.

This is possible, for example, by using 1TO nanocermet deposited on a dielectric matrix, said matrix being also preferably edged with a lower coating based on dielectric materials and a higher coating based on dielectric materials.

In the construction shown in FIG. 9, an absorbent coating containing a dielectric matrix (26) is applied to a colored PC-type substrate, but it can also be applied to a transparent PX-type substrate.

Another solution is as shown in FIG. 10, using a composite outer panel (20), consisting here of a laminated panel containing two glass sheets separated by an intermediate substrate (28).

Here, the intermediate substrate (28) is made of PVB (RUV) and is colored in bulk.

The double-glazed window thus has six sides, numbered from 1 to 6 from the external medium to the internal medium, the intermediate substrate (28) colored in the mass is in contact with the sides 2 and 3, and the insulating layer (30) is in contact with the sides 4 and 5.

Another solution (not shown) is to use an electrochromic composite outer panel consisting of a laminated panel consisting of two glass sheets separated by an intermediate substrate (28), an electrochromic system located between the substrate and the second panel, starting from the outside.

In this case, when the electrochromic system is in a colored state, it absorbs part of the incident radiation, and the multilayer with low emissivity prevents part of the energy absorbed by the coating from re-radiation towards the insulating layer and therefore prevents re-emission of this energy into the internal environment.

The present invention is described above by way of example only. It should be understood that one skilled in the art is capable of obtaining various alternative embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope of the patent, as defined by the claims.

Claims (15)

CLAIM 1. A composite glass unit (10) comprising at least an outer panel (20) and an inner panel (40), the panels being separated by at least one insulating layer (30), the outer panel (20) having an inner side in contact with the insulating layer (30), characterized in that the outer panel (20) contains an absorbing substrate with a controlled absorption of solar radiation, which has a normal emissivity of 75% or higher, with the inner side of the outer panel (20) in contact with the insulating layer ( 30) coated with thin film multilayer with low emissivity (29). 2. Composite double-glazed unit (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the absorbing substrate with a controlled absorption of solar radiation has a transmittance Tb in such a ratio Tb / TE transmittance of visible light / energy that 1.5 <Tb / TE <2.8 . 3. A composite double-glazed unit (10) according to any one of claims 1, 2, characterized in that the thin-film multilayer with a low emissivity (29) has a selectivity corresponding to the transmittance of Tb in such a ratio Tb / 8B transmittance of visible light / solar radiation coefficient, which TH / 8B <1.5. 4. A composite double-glazed unit (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the thin-film multilayer with a low emissivity (29) has a Tx transmittance in the visible region of light on a 6 mm transparent substrate> 70%. 5. Composite glass unit (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the thin-film multilayer with low emissivity (29) has a solar radiation coefficient of 8B> 50%. 6. A composite double-glazed window (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the outer panel (20) is monolithic, and the substrate with controlled absorption of solar radiation is a colored substrate (22). 7. Composite double-glazed window (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the outer panel (20) - 6 017986 includes an absorbing coating with a controlled absorption of solar radiation containing an absorbing thin-film multilayer (24). 8. Composite glass unit (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the absorbing thin film multilayer (24) includes at least one absorbing functional layer based on a metal nitride, such as niobium nitride. 9. A composite double-glazed unit (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the outer panel (20) has an absorbent coating containing a dielectric matrix (26) with metal or semiconductor nanocermet. 10. Composite glass unit (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the dielectric matrix (26) is placed between the underlying coating based on dielectric materials and the upstream coating based on dielectric materials. 11. Composite double-glazed window (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the outer panel (20) is a composite panel including an intermediate substrate painted in bulk (28). 12. Composite glass unit (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or 11, characterized in that the outer panel (20) is an electrochromic composite panel. 13. A composite double-glazed unit (10) according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that the thin-film multilayer with low emissivity (29) is a multilayer comprising a reflective silver-containing metal functional layer, the functional layer being placed between the underlying coating on based on dielectric materials and an upstream coating based on dielectric materials. 14. Composite glass unit (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the inner panel (40) consists of a transparent substrate. 15. Composite double-glazed window (10) according to any one of claims 1-14, characterized in that the insulating layer is divided into two independent parts by a panel consisting, in particular, of a transparent substrate.