KR20090064438A - Multiple glazing unit having increased selectivity and use of a substrate for producing such a galzing unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a multiple glazing unit (10) comprising at least an outer pane (20) and an inner pane (40), the panes being separated by at least one insulating layer (30) and said outer pane (20) having an inner face in contact with the insulating layer (30), characterized in that said outer pane (20) comprises an absorption-based solar control substrate, said inner face of the outer pane (20) in contact with the insulating layer (30) being coated with a low-E thin-film coating (29).

Description

MULTIPLE GLAZING UNIT HAVING INCREASED SELECTIVITY AND USE OF A SUBSTRATE FOR PRODUCING SUCH A GALZING UNIT}

The present invention relates to a multiple glazing unit comprising at least one outer pane and an inner pane, wherein the panes are separated by at least one barrier layer, the outer pane having an inner surface in contact with the barrier layer.

The present invention thus provides a window, such as a window of a building, which is intended to allow at least some light, in particular visible sunlight, to pass through the glazing unit, blocking the bay and thereby providing a separation between the exterior space and the interior space. Relates to the field of glazing units.

The term 'multiple glazing unit' thus consists of, in the present invention, at least two panes of an outer pane and an inner pane, for example an air layer or an air free space or more preferably an inert gas layer. It is understood to mean a glazing unit, which is located between the panes and which comprises a barrier layer at least in contact with the inner surface of the outer pane.

The layer can be said to be "blocked" as long as it can conduct heat very finely. Therefore it is not a solid or liquid substance.

If this barrier layer also contacts the inner surface of the inner pane, the multiple glazing units thus constitute a double glazing unit.

However, it is also possible for the barrier layer itself to be divided into two independent parts by the pane. The glazing unit then becomes a triple glazing unit.

Within the present invention, the pane is generally a monolithic pane, each consisting of a sheet of solid material, in particular glass, even plastic. The panes can also be composite panes made of several glass sheets, the two glass sheets being separated by a plastic sheet to form a laminated pane.

In order to manufacture the glazing unit according to the invention, a peripheral frame is also provided around the perimeter of the unit, in order to maintain at least a barrier layer between the panes. In addition, this frame contributes to the general rigidity of the glazing unit.

In the prior art, it is known to manufacture multiple glazing units without improved thermal barriers. In this case, the barrier layer has the effect of preventing energy transfer between the two innermost and outer panes due to the very low thermal conductivity properties. In addition, the convection in this barrier layer is also very low.

But to reduce solar radiation, especially the penetration of near-infrared rays into the interior, Those skilled in the art know how to make so-called 'solar control' multiple glazing units, The outer pane of the 'solar control' multiple glazing unit penetrates most of the visible light, but partially blocks near-infrared light on the face 2 of the glazing unit (face (1) is the Face), mounted on the side facing the barrier layer with thin-film multilayer.

One skilled in the art knows two types of solar control (SC) panes, namely absorptive SC panes and reflective SC panes.

The main issue raised by absorbent SC panes, It is in the fact that the pane re-emits some of the energy absorbed on the face 2 in the thermal infrared (wavelength on the order of 10 mu m) and isotropically facing the blocking layer.

This problem is even worse with triple glazing units, Because this re-radiation towards the first barrier layer originating from the outside heats this layer and causes condensation on the side that faces towards the cooler interior.

These panes have a higher thermal re-emission factor q _i than reflective SC panes, and as a result, absorbent SC panes are generally better than reflective SC panes. Has a higher solar factor.

One object of the invention is to provide a multiple glazing unit incorporating an absorbent SC outer pane, but with a lower thermal radiation factor q _i , resulting in lower solar factors and consequently higher selectivity. This alleviates the drawbacks of the prior art.

Another important object of the present invention is to achieve the above results in a simple and inexpensive manner.

The invention therefore relates, in its broadest aspect, to a glazing unit as defined in claim 1. The glazing unit comprises at least one outer pane and an inner pane, the panes separated by at least one barrier layer, the outer pane having an inner surface in contact with the barrier layer, and the outer pane is absorbing solar control. An inner surface of the outer pane, which includes a substrate and is in contact with the barrier layer, is coated with a low-emissivity thin film multilayer.

Thus the surface of the outer pane, which abuts the blocking layer Indeed, low emissivity thin film multilayers located more inwardly than the absorbent means limit the thermal reradiation of the absorbent means of the absorbent solar control substrate, which is directed towards the blocking layer and consequently inwardly.

This reduction in reradiation leads to a decrease in thermal radiation factor q _i and thereby a reduction in the solar factor of the glazing unit, As a result The selectivity is improved at a lower cost than the reflective SC glazing unit.

The selectivity obtained may even be better than the selectivity generally obtained by the reflective SC glazing unit without light transmission being correspondingly reduced.

Absorbent solar control substrates are preferably:

A standard emissivity of> 75%, or even> 70% and more preferably> 80% or even> 80%; And / or

Visible, such as 1.5 ≦ T _L / T _E ≦ 2.8, or even 1.5 <T _L / T _E <2.8, more preferably 1.8 ≦ T _L / T _E ≦ 2.8, even 1.8 <T _L / T _E <2.8 Light transmission in the area T _L / Energy transmission T _E Ratio T _L / T _E

Has

Preferably, the low emissivity thin film multilayer is:

Selectivity corresponding to light transmission T _L / solar factor SF ratio T _L / SF in the visible region such as T _L /SF≦1.5, or even <1.5 and more preferably ≦ 1.4; And / or

Light transmission T _L in visible light on a 6 mm transparent substrate, T _L ≥70%, or even> 70% and even more preferably ≥75%, or even>75%; And / or

-Solar factor SF with SF ≧ 50%, or even> 50% and even more preferably ≧ 55%, or even> 55%

Has

According to the invention, the outer glass plate can have several alternative or associated configurations:

In the first embodiment, the outer pane is monolithic and the solar control substrate is a bulk-tinted substrate;

In a second embodiment, the outer pane comprises an absorbing solar control coating comprising an absorbing thin film multilayer;

In a third variant, said outer pane has an absorbent coating comprising a dielectric matrix, said matrix incorporating metallic or semiconductor nanocermets;

In a fourth variant, the outer pane is a composite pane.

In a second embodiment, the absorbent thin film multilayer preferably comprises at least one absorbent functional layer based on a metal nitride such as niobium nitride.

In a third embodiment, the dielectric matrix is preferably flanked by a bottom coating based on the dielectric material and a top coating based on the dielectric material.

In a fourth embodiment, the composite outer pane can include a bulk-tinted intermediate substrate and / or can be electrochromic.

In addition, the low emissivity thin film multilayer may preferably be a multilayer comprising a reflective silver-based metallic functional layer, which functional layer is a bottom coating based on a dielectric material, and a dielectric material based The sides are brought into contact by the top coating. It is therefore inexpensive to manufacture.

In addition, the inner pane of the multiple glazing unit is preferably composed of a transparent substrate in order not to unnecessarily reduce the light transmission of the glazing unit in the visible region.

In one embodiment, the multiple glazing unit according to the invention is a triple glazing unit, wherein the barrier layer of the triple glazing unit is divided into two independent parts by a pane of glass composed of a particularly transparent substrate.

The invention also relates to the use of an absorbent solar control substrate according to the invention for producing multiple glazing outer panes comprising such outer panes and inner panes, the panes being separated by at least one barrier layer. The outer pane has an inner surface in contact with the barrier layer, and the inner surface of the outer pane in contact with the barrier layer is coated with a low emissivity thin film multilayer.

Advantageously, the increase in selectivity obtained as a double glazing unit or triple glazing unit is of a double glazing unit or triple glazing unit of the same structure, each having only one absorbing SC substrate which is not coated with a low emissivity thin film multilayer. Between 10% and 50% of the selectivity.

The invention will be more clearly understood by reading the following non-limiting example embodiments and the detailed description of the accompanying drawings.

1 shows the solar spectrum as normalized intensity;

2 shows an example of absorption of an absorbent SC substrate;

3 shows an example of reflection of a reflective SC substrate;

4 shows an example of absorption of a bulk-tinted absorbent SC substrate and absorption of a transparent substrate;

5 shows an example of reflection of a reflective low emissivity substrate;

6 shows an example of transmission of a bulk-tinted absorbent SC substrate coated with a low emissivity multilayer.

FIG. 7 shows a first embodiment of the invention with a tinted monolithic SC substrate coated with a low emissivity thin film multilayer;

FIG. 8 shows a second embodiment of the invention with a tinted monolithic SC substrate coated with an absorbent SC multilayer under a low emissivity thin film multilayer;

9 shows a third embodiment of the present invention having a tinted monolithic SC substrate coated with an absorbent coating with a dielectric matrix under a low emissivity thin film multilayer; And

10 shows a third embodiment of the invention with multiple exterior panes incorporating a tinted SC substrate, the inner surface of the exterior pane being coated with a low emissivity thin film multilayer.

For ease of reading, it should be noted that the ratio between the various elements shown is not taken into account and in Figs. 7 to 10 the outer frame of the glazing unit is not shown.

FIG. 1 shows the intensity of the solar spectrum expressed as a normalized intensity I as a function of wavelength (λ in nm).

The wavelength for the spectrum of visible light is displayed below the x-axis in the form of a rectangle filled with wavy lines.

This figure also shows the effect provided by an ideal solar control glazing unit, in the form of dashed lines, which a person skilled in the art would like to have. This solar control glazing unit passes all the intensity of the wave in all visible ranges but blocks all waves in the infrared region, both near infrared and near infrared, from near-infrared.

This dashed line thus shows the ideal selectivity of the glazing unit.

However, those skilled in the art currently know that no solar controlled glazing unit has this selectivity.

One skilled in the art knows that the selectivity s = T _L / SF, where:

-Light transmission,

로서 주어지고:T _L =

Is given as:

λ is the wavelength in the visible region;

Photovoltaic factor SF = T _E + q _i , where

-Energy transmission,

로서 주어지고:T _E =

Is given as:

λ is the wavelength in the infrared region (near and far infrared);

The thermal radiation factor q _i is a function of absorption and emissivity;

S is the solar spectrum;

T is the transmission of the glazing unit;

V is the sensitivity of the human eye.

One skilled in the art is currently aware of two types of solar control (SC) panes: absorbent SC panes and reflective SC panes.

Typically this pane is the exterior pane of the solar control glazing unit.

FIG. 2 shows a measured absorption coefficient in%, in this case a 6 mm transparent inner pane as a function of the wavelength lambda in nm of a known absorbent SC substrate, mounted as a double glazing unit by defecting it, and having a thickness of 6 mm. A graph of the measured absorption coefficients of a substrate sold under the name Cool-Lite ST by Goben Glass is shown, which is separated by a 90% argon / 10% air barrier layer 15 mm thick.

This outer windowpanel substrate is coated with an absorbent coating comprising an absorbent thin film multilayer, having a niobium nitride based absorbent layer flanked by a nitrided coating.

The double glazing unit has about 37% T _E and about 8.5% q _i and consequently about 45.5% SF.

It would be ideal for such a substrate to have the lowest possible absorption in the visible region and the highest possible absorption in the infrared region, but the reality is not.

3 shows a measured absorption coefficient in%, in this case a 6 mm thick, mounted as a double glazing unit by combining it with a transparent inner pane of 6 mm in this case as a function of wavelength λ in nm of a known reflective SC substrate. A graph of the measured absorption coefficients of a substrate sold under the trade name SKN 172 by Govin Glass Corporation is shown, which is separated by a 15 mm thick 90% argon / 10% air barrier layer.

This outer pane substrate is coated with a reflective coating comprising a reflective thin film multilayer with two reflective silver-based metallic functional layers, each functional layer being a dielectric material, in this case a bottom coating based on an oxidizing material, and a dielectric material. The sides are contacted by a top coating based on the material, in this case the oxidizing material.

The double glazing unit has about 36% T _E and about 4.5% q _i , and consequently about 40.5% SF, which in turn is better than the double glazing unit of the absorbent substrate in terms of selectivity.

It would be ideal for such a substrate to have the lowest possible reflection in the visible region and the highest possible reflection in the infrared region, but the reality is not.

4 is a measured absorption coefficient in%, as a function of wavelength λ in nm, on the one hand, the absorption coefficient of a known absorbent SC substrate (indicated by the dashed lines), in this case by Parsol Green The absorption coefficient of a substrate sold under the product name (hereafter referred to as "PG") and, on the other hand, as a comparison, sold under the product name Planilux (hereafter referred to as "PLX") by Mr. Bengovin Glass. The graph of the absorption coefficient (shown in a straight line) of the transparent substrate is shown.

In order to prevent the re-radiation of some of the energy absorbing the external SC pane in the glazing unit toward the barrier layer, the present invention provides a low emissivity ratio in contact with the barrier layer on the side of the external absorbent solar control pane in contact with the barrier layer. It is proposed to be coated with a thin film multilayer.

By doing so, the re-radiation towards the barrier layer is reduced, thus reducing the thermal reradiation factor, thus reducing the solar factor, thereby increasing the selectivity with the same light transmission.

FIG. 5 shows a measured reflection coefficient in%, in this case a 6 mm thick, mounted as a double glazing unit by combining it with a transparent inner pane of 6 mm, as a function of wavelength λ in nm of a known reflective low-emissivity substrate. This is a graph of the absorption coefficient of a substrate sold under the product name Planitherm Futur Neutre (hereafter referred to as "PLT") by Phömpeng Ben Glass, which has a 15 mm thick 90% argon / 10% air barrier layer. Are separated.

The substrate of the outer pane is coated with a reflective coating comprising a reflective thin film multilayer with a reflective silver based metallic functional layer. It is similar to the configuration of the fourth embodiment of the European patent application EP 718 250 and in addition has a configuration with a top mechanical protective coating.

Tables 1 to 3 below show measured values for three examples of a double glazing unit according to the invention, wherein the outer glazing of the double glazing unit has a thickness of 6 mm, the inner glazing has a thickness of 6 mm, such a glazing Are separated by a 15 mm barrier layer consisting of 90% argon and 10% air.

Table 1

The last column of Table 1 corresponds to the configuration in which the outer pane is composed of a PG substrate on which a PLT low emissivity multilayer is deposited.

FIG. 6 shows a plot of the measured transmission coefficient in% as a function of wavelength λ in nm for this configuration.

[Table 2]

Table 3

The product name "TSA4 +" denotes a tinted absorbing solar control substrate sold by Muengoven Securit, in particular used as a substrate for automobiles.

The product name “H-Green” refers to a tinted absorbing solar control substrate sold by Monggovin Glass, in particular used for architectural glazing.

The configuration of the three examples is also shown in FIG.

In this figure, the multiple glazing unit 10 comprises an outer pane 20 and an inner pane 40 separated by a barrier layer 30. Incident solar radiation is indicated by a wide arrow on the left side of the glazing unit.

The glazing unit thus has four faces, in which the numbers from face 1 to face 4 are numbered from outside to inside, and the blocking layer abuts face 2 and face 3.

The outer pane 20 consists of a PG bulk-tinted absorbing solar control substrate 22, which is coated with a PLT low emissivity thin film multilayer 29 on its inner surface 2.

The selectivity obtained with this solution is better than that of the absorbent SC based double glazing unit (second row).

PLT multilayers with a single layer of silver-based functional layer make it possible to obtain a low emissivity sufficient to significantly reduce the energy reradiation of the absorbent SC substrate.

The light transmission of the solution shown in the fourth column is high and is not significantly changed by the deposition of low emissivity multilayers, since the low emissivity multilayers are very neutral in the visible part of the spectrum. Energy transmission is mainly limited by the absorbent SC substrate. Thus the solar factor and selectivity are also better or even better than the solar factor and selectivity of the glazing unit incorporating a reflective SC multilayer based on SKN-172 (third row) comprising two silver metallic functional layers. Slightly better.

The solution according to the fifth column is also cheaper to manufacture than the third column.

Another solution, as shown in FIG. 8, is an absorbent thin film multilayer 24, in particular at least one absorbent functional layer based on a metal nitride such as niobium nitride, for example a multilayer of the Cool Lite ST type. It is to use a solar control substrate 22 coated with an absorbent coating, including an absorbent thin film multilayer (24) having a. In the illustrated configuration, the absorbent thin film multilayer 24 is deposited on a PG type tinted substrate, but may be the same as that deposited on a PLX type transparent substrate.

Another solution, such as that shown in FIG. 9, has a wavelength-adjustable peak depending on the material, in order to achieve a very selective absorption in near infrared by the plasmon resonance effect. A solar control substrate 26 coated with an absorbent coating comprising a dielectric matrix 26 is used.

Thus, for example, it is possible to use ITO nano cermets deposited in a dielectric matrix, which is also flanked by a bottom coating based on the dielectric material and a top coating based on the dielectric material.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 9, an absorbent coating comprising dielectric matrix 26 is deposited on a PG type tinted substrate, but can also be deposited on a PLX type transparent substrate.

Another solution, such as shown in FIG. 10, is to use a composite outer pane 20 configured here with laminated pane comprising two glass sheets separated by an intermediate substrate 28.

Here, the intermediate substrate 28 is made of PVB and bulk-tinted.

The glazing unit thus has six sides, the numbers from faces (1) to (6) being numbered from the outside to the inside, the bulk-tinted intermediate substrate 28 abuts the faces (2) and (3), The blocking layer 30 abuts face 4 and face 5.

Another solution (not shown) uses an electrochromic composite exterior pane consisting of laminated panes comprising two glass sheets separated by an intermediate substrate 28, wherein the electrochromic system starts with the substrate and the exterior. It is located between the second panes.

In this case, when the electrochromic system is in tinted mode, it absorbs some of the incident radiation and prevents the low emissivity multilayer from re-radiating some of the energy absorbed by the coating to the barrier layer. This prevents this energy from being radiated back inwards.

The present invention has been described above by way of example only. It will be understood that those skilled in the art can make various alternative embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope of the patent as defined by the claims.

As mentioned above, the present invention is intended to block the bay and thereby provide a separation between the exterior space and the interior space, while allowing at least some light, in particular visible sunlight, to pass through the glazing unit, It can be used in the field of glazing units such as windows.

Claims (17)

A multiple glazing unit 10 comprising at least one outer pane 20 and an inner pane 40, wherein the panes are separated by at least one barrier layer 30, the outer pane 20 being a barrier layer ( In the multiple glazing unit 10 having an inner surface abutting 30), The outer pane 20 comprises an absorbent solar control substrate, and the inner surface of the outer pane 20 in contact with the blocking layer 30 is coated with a low emissivity thin film multilayer 29. unit. The method of claim 1, wherein the absorbent solar control substrate has a light transmission T _L / energy transmission T _E ratio (T _L / T _E ) in a visible region of 1.5 ≦ T _L / T _E ≦ 2.8. Characterized by multiple glazing units. 3. The multiple glazing unit of claim 1 or 2, wherein the absorptive solar control substrate has a standard emissivity of at least 75%. The light transmittance T _L / solar factor SF ratio (T) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the low emissivity thin film multilayer layer 29 has T _L / SF? _L / SF) has a selectivity corresponding to the multiple glazing unit. 5. The multiple glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the low emissivity thin film multilayer (29) has a light transmission in the visible region on a 6 mm transparent substrate with T _L ≥ 70%. unit. The multiple glazing unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the low emissivity thin film multilayer (29) has a solar factor SF ≧ 50%. 7. The multiple glazing of claim 1, wherein the outer pane 20 is monolithic and the solar control substrate is a bulk-tinted substrate 22. unit. 8. The multiple glazing unit according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the outer pane (20) comprises an absorbing solar control coating having an absorbing thin film multilayer (24). 9. The multiple glazing unit according to claim 1, wherein the absorbent thin film multilayer 24 comprises at least one absorbent functional layer based on metal nitride, such as niobium nitride. . 10. The outer pane 20 has an absorbent coating comprising a dielectric matrix 26, the matrix comprising incorporating metallic or semiconductor nano summits. Characterized by multiple glazing units. The multi glazing unit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the dielectric matrix (26) is flanked by a bottom coating based on the dielectric material and a top coating based on the dielectric material. 7. The multiple glazing unit according to claim 1, wherein the outer pane is a composite pane comprising a bulk-tinted intermediate substrate. 13. The multiple glazing unit according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and 12, wherein said outer pane (20) is an electrochromic composite pane. 14. The low emissivity thin film multilayer layer 29 according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the low emissivity thin film multilayer 29 is a multilayer comprising a reflective silver based metallic functional layer, the functional layer being a bottom coating based on a dielectric material. And a side contact with the top coating based on the dielectric material. 15. The multiple glazing unit according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the inner pane (40) consists of a transparent substrate. 16. Multiple glazing unit according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the barrier layer is divided into two independent parts by a pane, in particular a transparent substrate. As the use of an absorbent solar control substrate for the manufacture of the outer pane 20 of the multiple glazing unit 10 comprising an outer pane 20 and an inner pane 40, The pane is separated by at least one barrier layer 30, wherein the outer pane 20 has an inner surface in contact with the barrier layer 30, and the outer pane 20 in contact with the barrier layer 30. The inner surface of the coated with low emissivity thin film multilayer (29), the use of an absorbent solar control substrate for the manufacture of the outer pane of the multiple glazing unit.

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