CA2081376A1 - Method and means for removing layers of paint from a wood surface - Google Patents
Method and means for removing layers of paint from a wood surfaceInfo
- Publication number
- CA2081376A1 CA2081376A1 CA002081376A CA2081376A CA2081376A1 CA 2081376 A1 CA2081376 A1 CA 2081376A1 CA 002081376 A CA002081376 A CA 002081376A CA 2081376 A CA2081376 A CA 2081376A CA 2081376 A1 CA2081376 A1 CA 2081376A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- carrier
- paint
- facade
- infra
- guide rod
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44D—PAINTING OR ARTISTIC DRAWING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PRESERVING PAINTINGS; SURFACE TREATMENT TO OBTAIN SPECIAL ARTISTIC SURFACE EFFECTS OR FINISHES
- B44D3/00—Accessories or implements for use in connection with painting or artistic drawing, not otherwise provided for; Methods or devices for colour determination, selection, or synthesis, e.g. use of colour tables
- B44D3/16—Implements or apparatus for removing dry paint from surfaces, e.g. by scraping, by burning
- B44D3/166—Implements or apparatus for removing dry paint from surfaces, e.g. by scraping, by burning by heating, e.g. by burning
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A method and a means for removing layers of paint from a wood surface (10), the layers of paint comprising a base layer of oil paint. The paint is softened by radiation by means of at least one source (24) of infra-red radiation.
Immediately thereafter, the paint is removed mechanically from the wood surface (10). The means comprises a carrier (23) for one or more sources (24) of infra-red radiation, means (14-16) for guided travel of the carrier in the horizontal plane along the facade (10), and means (19-21) for guided travel of the carrier in the vertical plane along the facade (10).
A method and a means for removing layers of paint from a wood surface (10), the layers of paint comprising a base layer of oil paint. The paint is softened by radiation by means of at least one source (24) of infra-red radiation.
Immediately thereafter, the paint is removed mechanically from the wood surface (10). The means comprises a carrier (23) for one or more sources (24) of infra-red radiation, means (14-16) for guided travel of the carrier in the horizontal plane along the facade (10), and means (19-21) for guided travel of the carrier in the vertical plane along the facade (10).
Description
2~81~76 TITLE
METHOD AND MEANS FOR REMOVING LAYERS OF PAINT FROM A WOOD
SURFACE
TECHNICAI, FIELD
The present invention relates to means for removing one or more layers of paint from a wooden facade, said layers of paint comprising a base layer of oil paint, and com-prising a carrier for one or more sources of infra-red radiation, means for guided travel o~ the carrier in th~
horizontal plane along the facade, and means for guided travel of the carrier in the vertical plane along the facade.
STATE OF THE ART
When restoring wood surfaces on old houses, it is nor-mally obligatory to strip off a number of layers of ugly,cracked and flaking oil- and/or plastic-based paint. Nor-mally all layers of paint have to be complekely stripped from the face of the wood, so that existing rot damages can be discovered.
There are several methods to remove old paint, but no existing method is free from problems. For example, paint can be stripped by scraping or sanding, either involving a large use of expensive labour or spreading of environ-mentally hazardous dust and disturbing noise. Previously, a blow torch was used to burn away paint, or rather to soften it by heating, so that it would be easier to scrape it away from the wood. This method has now been terminated because of the fire hazard from the open flame. Nowadays, a hot air gun is used as a substitute for the blow torch. However, it is very difficult to gain real efficiency with this tool, because transmittal of heat from the tool to the surface very much depends upon the outdoor climate with winds and air temperature. Thus, .. , : .
- . ' ~ ' .
' 2~376 it is difficult to accomplish an equally distributed heating to the right temperature. If the surface is heatad too much, the wood surface i5 unwontedly dried~ If the surface is heated too little, the paint will be hard to remove and requires more work with the paint scraper.
The work i5 demanding for arms and shoulders; because the hot air gun must be held continuously in one hand and the paint scraper in the other hand.
AU-A-545 584 describes a hand held device for removing paint with which the user may direct a beam of infra-red radiation to the surface. This known device is equally demanding for arms and shoulders as the hot air gun.
The presently most preferred professional methods for removing paint from wood facades use either caustic sol-ution or strong hydrocarbon based solutions. Washing withcaustic solution causes many problems because caustic solution is strongly aggressive to the skin. Normally, a high pressure water spray is used for application of the caustic solution, for washing in several steps and for ~0 application of neutralizing agents. This method requires the spreading of several litres of liquid per s~uaxe meter treated surface and affects thé environment; for example plants surrounding the building. The neutralizing of the cleaned wood surface requires the use of acetic acid which, for example, attacks nails in a facadeO
Another significant drawback with this method is that the wood surface is dried out, i.e. the natural protective substances in the wood, e.g. resin, is removed and cracks appear in the wood, which in the long run can have very negative effects when restoring old historical buildings.
The use of hydrocarbon based solutions is associated with risks for occupational diseases because these substances are usually very toxic. These substances are also very ,. ' : . .
,. ' . ~ "; ',' , ~ ~ ' ' ' ' ,, ~, .
~0~3~6 expensive to huy, making this method expensive in com-parison with washing with caustic solution.
TECHNICAL PROBLEM
One aim of the present invention is therefore to solve S the problem of removing paint from wood surfaces in an efficient, environmentally acceptable and economical way.
SOLUTION
This aim is achieved according to the invention in that the means for vertical movement comprises at least one vertical guide rod, running through lock means at the carrier, enabling movement of the carrier along the rod and locking at optional height, that the length of the ~uide rod is adjustable by screwing on or off rod seg-ments, that the radiation source comprises one or more infra-red heating tubes, which are longitudinally oriented in parallel with the grain of the wood sur~ace, that the carrier is rotatable at least about 90~ in rela-tion to the guide rod, and that the infra-red heating tubes are movably mounted in the carrier, so that their relative distance is adjustable.
The mechanical work upon the surface can be done by scraping. It has been found to be surprisingly simple to remove the paint from the wood surface in this way, as soon as it has been softened.
According to a preferable embodiment of the invention, the means for hori~ontal travel comprises a tubular pro-file rail which has a slit in the bottom and at least one trolley which can move within the tubular profile rail and is vertically connected to the carrier. This rail can easily be attached to the bottom of the eave boardO
.
.
,' ' ~ ' ' ' ' ' ~' .
,:
, ~8~3~fi If the carrier also is provided with adjustable dis-tance means, the distance between the carrier and the facade can ~e adjusted for control of radiation inten-sity.
DESCRIPTIO~ OF THE FIGVRES
An exemplary embodiment of the invention will now b~
described in greater detail with reference to the attached drawings 7 in which Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a facade with the means according *o the invention SPt up for use, ancl Fig. 2 is an explosion view in perspective showing the arrangement of the infra-red heating tubes in the carrier.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Fig. 1 shows a wood facade 10 which is made as a cover boarding, and ending at the top with a angled eave board 11 with a roof gutter 12 and roofing tiles 13.
A tubular profile rail 14 which is slit at the bottom is attached to the bottom of the eave, at a suitable dis-. ' -,~
, 2~137b~
tance from the facade 10. A trolley 16 with wheels 15 runs inside the tubular rail. The trolley is provided with an attachment ear 17 protruding downwards through the slit and to which is mounted a vertical toggle link 18, which in its turn forms an attachment for a vertical rod 19.
The length of the rod 19 i5 adjustable because it is formed by a number of segments l9a, which can be screwed on to or off from the end, which is hinted at l9b . The ~0 rod 19 runs through a tubular holdsr 20, which can be locked relative the rod by means of a handle 21. The holder 20 is rotatable connected via a bearing 22 to the middle of a rectangular ~ox shap~d-~arrier 23 with four internally mounted infra-red heating tubes 24 (see Fig~
2). The holder 20 can be arrested relative the carrier 23 by means of a spring loaded pin 25 in one of two with an angle of about 90~ from each other distanced angle posi-tions. This makes it possible to rotat~ the carrier from a position where the infra-red heating tubes are verti-cally oriented, to a position where they are horiæontally oriented.
The infra-red heating tubes are connected via a mutual cable 26 and a jack plug to a plug socket for two- or three phase current. The carrier is provided with a con-tact breaker 27 for each tube, so that the tubes can beswitched on and off individually for adjustment of the radiation intensity.
Each of the four corners of the carrier 23 is provided with a distance means 28, in the form of a pointed stick with its point towards the facade and a ball shaped handle at the opposite end. Each stick can be moved axially through the carrier 23 and locked relative to it by means of a screw 29.
': ' ~ . ' :
: ' , 2~8~376 Fig. 2 shows that the tubes 24 are mounted between two rails 30 at the inside of the rear wall of the carrier 31. This makes it possible to move the tubes 24 sideways, so that their respective interval is altered. This arr~n-gement ma~es it possible to vary the radiation intensityover the surface which is delimited by the side walls 32 of the carrier, for example, so that a main proportion of the radiation can be concentrated to the space between two covar boards lOa.
It is possible to move the carrier 23 with the infra-red heating tubes 24 advantageously both horizontally and vertically along the entire facade 10, for systematic treatment of one part of the facade at time wh:ich is delimited hy the side walls of the carrier, until the entire facade surface has been stripped from paint.
The carrier 23, which is open towards the wall, is anchored in the correct position on the wall by means of the points of the sticks~28. To this end, the toggle link 18 provides for a certain room for sideways adjustment of the carrier 23. Then the radiation ~rom the infra-red heating tubes ~4 are put to work until the paint warmed through and made soft. The radiation heat results in that certain elements of the oil paint are trans~ormed to the liquid state, while other parts of the paint is gasified and causes the paint to blister. Now it i5 very easy to remove the paint with a scraper. Most old wood buildings are painted in a large number of layers with oil based paint, and even if these layers have been painted over with plastic based paint, it will be just as easy to remove said paint, because the bottom layers on the wood are loosened up in the manner described above.
The above described heating of a section of the facade takes between a half minute and one minute. Then the :
.. ~ , ~... ' ' :
~8~3~
carrier 23 is moved for heat ~reatment of the next untreated section. During heating of the next following facade section, the soft paint is removed from the already heated section. In this way t~he paint is removed rapidly and efficiently. It has been showed that radi-ation treatment of a wood facade has a deep effect in the wood, which is advantageous because there will be plenty of time for removing paint before it again gets hard by cooling. At the same time, moisture in the facade is removed.
A surprising technical effect from this treatment is also provided because resin gum in the wood board which has been leachinq from outer wood facade du~in~ all the years, and therefore is more current at the inside of the board, tend to be evenly distributed in the board by the heating, i.e. will be drawn to the outside. This partly rejuvenates the natural defence of the outer wood surface against attacks moisture and mould. It has also been shown that the facade only needs a very short period of drying before it can be coated with new paint, if it has been wet by rain in the interval.
The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment described above, but various alternatives are conceivable within the scope of the subsequent claims. For example, the carrier can have a different design, as well as dif-ferent means for travelling along a facade.
METHOD AND MEANS FOR REMOVING LAYERS OF PAINT FROM A WOOD
SURFACE
TECHNICAI, FIELD
The present invention relates to means for removing one or more layers of paint from a wooden facade, said layers of paint comprising a base layer of oil paint, and com-prising a carrier for one or more sources of infra-red radiation, means for guided travel o~ the carrier in th~
horizontal plane along the facade, and means for guided travel of the carrier in the vertical plane along the facade.
STATE OF THE ART
When restoring wood surfaces on old houses, it is nor-mally obligatory to strip off a number of layers of ugly,cracked and flaking oil- and/or plastic-based paint. Nor-mally all layers of paint have to be complekely stripped from the face of the wood, so that existing rot damages can be discovered.
There are several methods to remove old paint, but no existing method is free from problems. For example, paint can be stripped by scraping or sanding, either involving a large use of expensive labour or spreading of environ-mentally hazardous dust and disturbing noise. Previously, a blow torch was used to burn away paint, or rather to soften it by heating, so that it would be easier to scrape it away from the wood. This method has now been terminated because of the fire hazard from the open flame. Nowadays, a hot air gun is used as a substitute for the blow torch. However, it is very difficult to gain real efficiency with this tool, because transmittal of heat from the tool to the surface very much depends upon the outdoor climate with winds and air temperature. Thus, .. , : .
- . ' ~ ' .
' 2~376 it is difficult to accomplish an equally distributed heating to the right temperature. If the surface is heatad too much, the wood surface i5 unwontedly dried~ If the surface is heated too little, the paint will be hard to remove and requires more work with the paint scraper.
The work i5 demanding for arms and shoulders; because the hot air gun must be held continuously in one hand and the paint scraper in the other hand.
AU-A-545 584 describes a hand held device for removing paint with which the user may direct a beam of infra-red radiation to the surface. This known device is equally demanding for arms and shoulders as the hot air gun.
The presently most preferred professional methods for removing paint from wood facades use either caustic sol-ution or strong hydrocarbon based solutions. Washing withcaustic solution causes many problems because caustic solution is strongly aggressive to the skin. Normally, a high pressure water spray is used for application of the caustic solution, for washing in several steps and for ~0 application of neutralizing agents. This method requires the spreading of several litres of liquid per s~uaxe meter treated surface and affects thé environment; for example plants surrounding the building. The neutralizing of the cleaned wood surface requires the use of acetic acid which, for example, attacks nails in a facadeO
Another significant drawback with this method is that the wood surface is dried out, i.e. the natural protective substances in the wood, e.g. resin, is removed and cracks appear in the wood, which in the long run can have very negative effects when restoring old historical buildings.
The use of hydrocarbon based solutions is associated with risks for occupational diseases because these substances are usually very toxic. These substances are also very ,. ' : . .
,. ' . ~ "; ',' , ~ ~ ' ' ' ' ,, ~, .
~0~3~6 expensive to huy, making this method expensive in com-parison with washing with caustic solution.
TECHNICAL PROBLEM
One aim of the present invention is therefore to solve S the problem of removing paint from wood surfaces in an efficient, environmentally acceptable and economical way.
SOLUTION
This aim is achieved according to the invention in that the means for vertical movement comprises at least one vertical guide rod, running through lock means at the carrier, enabling movement of the carrier along the rod and locking at optional height, that the length of the ~uide rod is adjustable by screwing on or off rod seg-ments, that the radiation source comprises one or more infra-red heating tubes, which are longitudinally oriented in parallel with the grain of the wood sur~ace, that the carrier is rotatable at least about 90~ in rela-tion to the guide rod, and that the infra-red heating tubes are movably mounted in the carrier, so that their relative distance is adjustable.
The mechanical work upon the surface can be done by scraping. It has been found to be surprisingly simple to remove the paint from the wood surface in this way, as soon as it has been softened.
According to a preferable embodiment of the invention, the means for hori~ontal travel comprises a tubular pro-file rail which has a slit in the bottom and at least one trolley which can move within the tubular profile rail and is vertically connected to the carrier. This rail can easily be attached to the bottom of the eave boardO
.
.
,' ' ~ ' ' ' ' ' ~' .
,:
, ~8~3~fi If the carrier also is provided with adjustable dis-tance means, the distance between the carrier and the facade can ~e adjusted for control of radiation inten-sity.
DESCRIPTIO~ OF THE FIGVRES
An exemplary embodiment of the invention will now b~
described in greater detail with reference to the attached drawings 7 in which Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a facade with the means according *o the invention SPt up for use, ancl Fig. 2 is an explosion view in perspective showing the arrangement of the infra-red heating tubes in the carrier.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Fig. 1 shows a wood facade 10 which is made as a cover boarding, and ending at the top with a angled eave board 11 with a roof gutter 12 and roofing tiles 13.
A tubular profile rail 14 which is slit at the bottom is attached to the bottom of the eave, at a suitable dis-. ' -,~
, 2~137b~
tance from the facade 10. A trolley 16 with wheels 15 runs inside the tubular rail. The trolley is provided with an attachment ear 17 protruding downwards through the slit and to which is mounted a vertical toggle link 18, which in its turn forms an attachment for a vertical rod 19.
The length of the rod 19 i5 adjustable because it is formed by a number of segments l9a, which can be screwed on to or off from the end, which is hinted at l9b . The ~0 rod 19 runs through a tubular holdsr 20, which can be locked relative the rod by means of a handle 21. The holder 20 is rotatable connected via a bearing 22 to the middle of a rectangular ~ox shap~d-~arrier 23 with four internally mounted infra-red heating tubes 24 (see Fig~
2). The holder 20 can be arrested relative the carrier 23 by means of a spring loaded pin 25 in one of two with an angle of about 90~ from each other distanced angle posi-tions. This makes it possible to rotat~ the carrier from a position where the infra-red heating tubes are verti-cally oriented, to a position where they are horiæontally oriented.
The infra-red heating tubes are connected via a mutual cable 26 and a jack plug to a plug socket for two- or three phase current. The carrier is provided with a con-tact breaker 27 for each tube, so that the tubes can beswitched on and off individually for adjustment of the radiation intensity.
Each of the four corners of the carrier 23 is provided with a distance means 28, in the form of a pointed stick with its point towards the facade and a ball shaped handle at the opposite end. Each stick can be moved axially through the carrier 23 and locked relative to it by means of a screw 29.
': ' ~ . ' :
: ' , 2~8~376 Fig. 2 shows that the tubes 24 are mounted between two rails 30 at the inside of the rear wall of the carrier 31. This makes it possible to move the tubes 24 sideways, so that their respective interval is altered. This arr~n-gement ma~es it possible to vary the radiation intensityover the surface which is delimited by the side walls 32 of the carrier, for example, so that a main proportion of the radiation can be concentrated to the space between two covar boards lOa.
It is possible to move the carrier 23 with the infra-red heating tubes 24 advantageously both horizontally and vertically along the entire facade 10, for systematic treatment of one part of the facade at time wh:ich is delimited hy the side walls of the carrier, until the entire facade surface has been stripped from paint.
The carrier 23, which is open towards the wall, is anchored in the correct position on the wall by means of the points of the sticks~28. To this end, the toggle link 18 provides for a certain room for sideways adjustment of the carrier 23. Then the radiation ~rom the infra-red heating tubes ~4 are put to work until the paint warmed through and made soft. The radiation heat results in that certain elements of the oil paint are trans~ormed to the liquid state, while other parts of the paint is gasified and causes the paint to blister. Now it i5 very easy to remove the paint with a scraper. Most old wood buildings are painted in a large number of layers with oil based paint, and even if these layers have been painted over with plastic based paint, it will be just as easy to remove said paint, because the bottom layers on the wood are loosened up in the manner described above.
The above described heating of a section of the facade takes between a half minute and one minute. Then the :
.. ~ , ~... ' ' :
~8~3~
carrier 23 is moved for heat ~reatment of the next untreated section. During heating of the next following facade section, the soft paint is removed from the already heated section. In this way t~he paint is removed rapidly and efficiently. It has been showed that radi-ation treatment of a wood facade has a deep effect in the wood, which is advantageous because there will be plenty of time for removing paint before it again gets hard by cooling. At the same time, moisture in the facade is removed.
A surprising technical effect from this treatment is also provided because resin gum in the wood board which has been leachinq from outer wood facade du~in~ all the years, and therefore is more current at the inside of the board, tend to be evenly distributed in the board by the heating, i.e. will be drawn to the outside. This partly rejuvenates the natural defence of the outer wood surface against attacks moisture and mould. It has also been shown that the facade only needs a very short period of drying before it can be coated with new paint, if it has been wet by rain in the interval.
The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment described above, but various alternatives are conceivable within the scope of the subsequent claims. For example, the carrier can have a different design, as well as dif-ferent means for travelling along a facade.
Claims (3)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Means for removing one or more layers of paint from a wooden facade (10), said layers of paint compri-sing a base layer of oil paint, and comprising a carrier (23) for one or more sources (24) of infra-red radiation, means (14-16) for guided travel of the carrier in the horizontal plane along the facade (10), and means (19-21) for guided travel of the carrier in the vertical plane along the facade (10), c h a r a c t: e r i z e d in that the means for vertical movement comprises at least one vertical guide rod (19), running through lock means (20, 21) at the carrier, enabling movement of the carrier along the rod and locking at optional height, that the length of the guide rod (19) is adjust-able by screwing on or off rod segments (19a), that the radiation source comprises one or more infra-red heating tubes (24), which are longitudinally oriented in parallel with the grain of the wood surface (10), that the carrier (23) is rotatable at least about 90° in relation to the guide rod (19), and that the infra-red heating tubes (24) are movably mounted in the carrier (23), so that their relative dis-tance is adjustable.
2. Means according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e -r i z e d in that the means for horizontal travel comp-rises a tubular profile rail (14) which has a slit in the bottom and at least one trolley (16) which can move with in the tubular profile rail and is vertically connected to the guide rod (19).
3. Means according to claim 2, c h a r a c t e -r i z e d in that the carrier (23) is provided with adjustable distance means (28), enabling adjustment of the distance between the carrier and the facade (10).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9000763-4 | 1990-03-05 | ||
| SE9000763A SE465768B (en) | 1990-03-05 | 1990-03-05 | DEVICE MEASURING REMOVAL LAYERS WITH INFRARED RADIATION |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2081376A1 true CA2081376A1 (en) | 1991-09-06 |
Family
ID=20378757
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002081376A Abandoned CA2081376A1 (en) | 1990-03-05 | 1991-03-04 | Method and means for removing layers of paint from a wood surface |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2081376A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI93709C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO178847C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE465768B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991013770A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5659657A (en) * | 1995-05-24 | 1997-08-19 | Brokaw, Inc. | Pivotally mounted radiant heating apparatus with adjustable heaters |
| SE510966C2 (en) * | 1997-11-10 | 1999-07-12 | Efo Fasadteknik Int | Color removal device with articulated arm for heat radiation |
| SE510965C2 (en) * | 1997-11-10 | 1999-07-12 | Efo Fasadteknik Int | Device for softening color with heat radiation from resistance wires |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH490974A (en) * | 1968-05-10 | 1970-05-31 | Falchetto Angelo | Method for removing coverings, in particular wallpaper, paint or lacquer coatings and apparatus for doing the same |
| US4025984A (en) * | 1971-04-02 | 1977-05-31 | H. H. Robertson Company | Window wall washing device for high rise buildings |
| AU545548B2 (en) * | 1979-11-08 | 1985-07-18 | Michael Desmarchelier | Paint removal |
-
1990
- 1990-03-05 SE SE9000763A patent/SE465768B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-03-04 WO PCT/SE1991/000166 patent/WO1991013770A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-03-04 CA CA002081376A patent/CA2081376A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
1992
- 1992-08-27 NO NO923361A patent/NO178847C/en unknown
- 1992-09-04 FI FI923986A patent/FI93709C/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI93709C (en) | 1995-05-26 |
| NO178847C (en) | 1996-06-19 |
| FI923986A (en) | 1992-09-04 |
| NO923361D0 (en) | 1992-08-27 |
| WO1991013770A1 (en) | 1991-09-19 |
| SE9000763D0 (en) | 1990-03-05 |
| FI923986A0 (en) | 1992-09-04 |
| NO178847B (en) | 1996-03-11 |
| NO923361L (en) | 1992-08-27 |
| FI93709B (en) | 1995-02-15 |
| SE465768B (en) | 1991-10-28 |
| SE9000763L (en) | 1991-09-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |