CA2051807A1 - Process for producing a porous ceramic granular material for use as an adsorbent and/or absorbent, particularly as animal litter - Google Patents
Process for producing a porous ceramic granular material for use as an adsorbent and/or absorbent, particularly as animal litterInfo
- Publication number
- CA2051807A1 CA2051807A1 CA002051807A CA2051807A CA2051807A1 CA 2051807 A1 CA2051807 A1 CA 2051807A1 CA 002051807 A CA002051807 A CA 002051807A CA 2051807 A CA2051807 A CA 2051807A CA 2051807 A1 CA2051807 A1 CA 2051807A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- shaped
- clay bodies
- shaped clay
- bodies
- comminuted
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 chamotte Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000743339 Agrostis Species 0.000 description 1
- 101150039167 Bex3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100137177 Drosophila melanogaster polyph gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/009—Porous or hollow ceramic granular materials, e.g. microballoons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0154—Litter comprising inorganic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/32—Materials not provided for elsewhere for absorbing liquids to remove pollution, e.g. oil, gasoline, fat
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Process for the production of a porous ceramic granular material with pore sizes of ? 1 mm, in which the clay; calcite, quartz sand, dolomite, feld-spar, chamotte, kieselguhr and/or sepiolite as additives; water; deflocc-ulant and surfactant are mixed and foamed in known manner and subsequently the foamed mixture is optionally shaped into shaped clay bodies, the latter are dried at a temperature between ambient temperature and 200°C, the dried shaped clay bodies are optionally comminuted and, accompanied by the return of the fines to the starting mixture, are screened and subsequently the shaped clay bodies or the comminuted shaped clay bodies with a selected particle size range are baked at a product temperature above 600°C, for use as absorbents and/or absorbents, particularly animal litter or bedding, in which the starting substances are used in a specific mixing ratio and the shaped clay bodies or comminuted shaped clay bodies are fed with a residual moisture content of 5 to 25% into a preheated kiln and are baked at a predetermined product temperature in the range 750 to 1050°C, as well as products which can be produced according to it.
Process for the production of a porous ceramic granular material with pore sizes of ? 1 mm, in which the clay; calcite, quartz sand, dolomite, feld-spar, chamotte, kieselguhr and/or sepiolite as additives; water; deflocc-ulant and surfactant are mixed and foamed in known manner and subsequently the foamed mixture is optionally shaped into shaped clay bodies, the latter are dried at a temperature between ambient temperature and 200°C, the dried shaped clay bodies are optionally comminuted and, accompanied by the return of the fines to the starting mixture, are screened and subsequently the shaped clay bodies or the comminuted shaped clay bodies with a selected particle size range are baked at a product temperature above 600°C, for use as absorbents and/or absorbents, particularly animal litter or bedding, in which the starting substances are used in a specific mixing ratio and the shaped clay bodies or comminuted shaped clay bodies are fed with a residual moisture content of 5 to 25% into a preheated kiln and are baked at a predetermined product temperature in the range 750 to 1050°C, as well as products which can be produced according to it.
Description
20~18~7 PROCESS F~R PRODUCING A POROUS CERAMIC GRANULAR MATERIAL F~R USE AS AN
-ADSORBENT AND/OR ABSORBENT, PARTICULARLY AS ANIMAL L m ER
The invention relates to a process for prcducing a pOI~US ceramic granular material with pore sizes of ~ 1 mm, in which clay; calcite, quartz sand, dolomite, fel~spar, chamotte, kieselguhr and/or sepiolite as additives;
water; deflocculant and surfactant are mixed and foamed in a per se known dispersing unit under pressure (1 to 10 bar) by compressed air supply at a te~perature between ambient temperature and 959C and optionally for produ-cing a highly viscous~ thixotropic, naturally stable foam suspension agents counteracting the effect of the deflocculant are added and subsequently the ~oam'ed mixture is optîonally shaped into shaped clay bodies, which are dried at a temperature between ambient temperature and 200C, the dried shaped clay bodies are optionally conminuted and, accompanied b~ the return of the fines to the starting nixture, are scr~ened and subsequently the shaped clay bodies and/or the comninuted shaped clay bodies with a selected particle size range are baked at a pr3duct tempe~ature above 600C, for use as adsorbents or absorbents, particularly as animal litter or bed-ding, as well as to a product produced in this way.
~br the adsorption and/o,r absorption of liquids and gases and in particular for use as animal litter, advantageously inter alia hi~herto a co~minuted, porous ceramic material has been used, which is produced according tD a process hnown fron Genman patent 34 14 965. miS material is in particul2r inexpensive oorpaI~d wi~h o~her ædsorbents and/or abso~bents known from the prior art and e.g. based on calciun silicate hydrate and has considerable variation pcssibilities with re~pect to the product par~meters and in part-i~ ~he appeaIance. Despite the advantageous chaxacteri~tics -of this material, particularly rel~tive 13D it~ water abso~pti~n capaci~ d odc~ur bindillg, a need was still felt to fur~e~ devel~p the c~mic mater~l pm~ced according bD. ~he l~n pr~ess, particularly wi~ a view tiD it5 u~e' as animal l;tter or bedd~.
me pnDblem o~ ~e i~venti~n is ~erefore bD 80 fur~er devel~p ~e l~own process ~ at a further l ~ vement bD l~he pDl:OUS strucl:ure o:E the ~ sorbing and/or absorbing part~cle8 can be obtained, ~o as b~ impnove the water absorption capa~i~y, odsur bin~ing, ebc. of the material.
-ADSORBENT AND/OR ABSORBENT, PARTICULARLY AS ANIMAL L m ER
The invention relates to a process for prcducing a pOI~US ceramic granular material with pore sizes of ~ 1 mm, in which clay; calcite, quartz sand, dolomite, fel~spar, chamotte, kieselguhr and/or sepiolite as additives;
water; deflocculant and surfactant are mixed and foamed in a per se known dispersing unit under pressure (1 to 10 bar) by compressed air supply at a te~perature between ambient temperature and 959C and optionally for produ-cing a highly viscous~ thixotropic, naturally stable foam suspension agents counteracting the effect of the deflocculant are added and subsequently the ~oam'ed mixture is optîonally shaped into shaped clay bodies, which are dried at a temperature between ambient temperature and 200C, the dried shaped clay bodies are optionally conminuted and, accompanied b~ the return of the fines to the starting nixture, are scr~ened and subsequently the shaped clay bodies and/or the comninuted shaped clay bodies with a selected particle size range are baked at a pr3duct tempe~ature above 600C, for use as adsorbents or absorbents, particularly as animal litter or bed-ding, as well as to a product produced in this way.
~br the adsorption and/o,r absorption of liquids and gases and in particular for use as animal litter, advantageously inter alia hi~herto a co~minuted, porous ceramic material has been used, which is produced according tD a process hnown fron Genman patent 34 14 965. miS material is in particul2r inexpensive oorpaI~d wi~h o~her ædsorbents and/or abso~bents known from the prior art and e.g. based on calciun silicate hydrate and has considerable variation pcssibilities with re~pect to the product par~meters and in part-i~ ~he appeaIance. Despite the advantageous chaxacteri~tics -of this material, particularly rel~tive 13D it~ water abso~pti~n capaci~ d odc~ur bindillg, a need was still felt to fur~e~ devel~p the c~mic mater~l pm~ced according bD. ~he l~n pr~ess, particularly wi~ a view tiD it5 u~e' as animal l;tter or bedd~.
me pnDblem o~ ~e i~venti~n is ~erefore bD 80 fur~er devel~p ~e l~own process ~ at a further l ~ vement bD l~he pDl:OUS strucl:ure o:E the ~ sorbing and/or absorbing part~cle8 can be obtained, ~o as b~ impnove the water absorption capa~i~y, odsur bin~ing, ebc. of the material.
2~807 According to the invention this problem is solved in that 25 to 45~ by weight clay, 0 to 40% by weight calcite, quartz sand, dolomite, feldspar, chamotte, kieselguhr and~or sepiolite, 20 to 50~ by weight water, 0.1 to 1.0~ by weight deflocculant and 0.1 to 1.0% by weight surfactant are used and the shaped clay bcdies and/or the conninuted shaped clay bodies with a residual moisture content of 5 to 25% are fed into a preheated kiln and baked at a predetenmined product temperature in the r3nge 750 to 1050C.
Accordin~ to a preferred embcdi~ent of the invention an indirectly fired rot~ry kiln is used for the baking pnocess.
It is particularly advantageous to directly transfer the baked product from the kiln into a cooling drum into which water is directly s,orayed, in parallel to the indirect cooling with air.
The invention also relates to an adsorbent and/or absorbentr particularly animal litter, which can be prcduced according to the inventive process.
Surprisingly as a result of the inventively selected quantities o~ the starting substances and the conditions during the baking of the shaped clay bodies, their porous internal structure can be clearly further improved and in particular nade more uniform, which qptimizes the water absorption cap-acity, odour binding and other product characteristics associated therewith~
This has 13d to surprises for the oeramics Expert. Firstly it was not hithert~ known that a ceramic material wi~h ~he i~dicated water content o S bo 25% wou~d ~e able to withstand without any signific2nt deterioration th~ thermal shock an introduction into tlhe pr~heated kiln, wh~6e temper-ature at t ~ point is apprcximately 700 bo 800C. Secondly, particularly as a result Oe the teaching of German p~tent 34 14 965, a prejudice exieted ~ha~ a treabment of the shapsd c ~ bodies at higher product temperatures t~an 800C wou~d lead to an embrittle~ent of the material and to a redNc-tion of ~he internal surface, which would hsve had a disadvanta~eous effect on ~he desired characteri8tics of the product as an a~sorbent and/or absorbent. It wa5 then2~0re co~pletely surprising that as a nesult o~ ~he mea8ure8 accordiny to the inNention a much better and in p3rticular mu~h .
2 ~ 7 more uniform pore structure could be obtained, accompanied by the very favourable economics of the process.
It was also surprising that under the indicated product conditions, it was also possible to positively thermochemically influence the colour of the ceranic baked material. m e iron contained in the clay nonmally leads through oxidation to a reddish product and then, by reduction to whitish colours the~ein. Hcwever, as in ceramic baXing processes generally direct firing takes place, the in each case desired kiln atmosphere is a~justed via the kiln burners. In the caæe of indirect firing, which is used in preferrel manner accor~ing to the invention, and the air quantity no~mally present in the kiln chamber of 5 to 10 m3/tonne of baXing material, an at least partial cxidation, i.e. a reddish colouring of the product would have been eKpected. However, under the given pr~duction conditions, contrary to expectations, the iron contained in the clay is reduced, as is made clear by the whitish colour of the end product. The reasons for this reductio,n have not as yet been completely clarified. However, it is assumed that there is an interplay of several factors, namely th`e relatively ~hort baking time, st~am andtor hydrogen formation in ~he pores with local inert gas/reaction gas fo D tion and a steam and/or hydrogen formation throughout the klln ch~n~er, which largely neutralizes the oxidation action of the oxygen.
m e ~udden cooling by the direct spraying of water into the ooo ~ drum and which advantageously directly follows ~he baking of the shqped clay bodies and in which the product is cooled withln a f~w minute~ ~ m m approximately 1000C to 60C,~must also be considered e~treme for such a ceranic material, ~o that itwRs ~urprising that ~uch a rapid oooling, which 1~ naturally of great interest for econamic reasons, 13d to no negative infiuence~ an the pro~uct characteristics.
E~a~ple 400 kg o~ Westerwald clay with 10~ residual humiaity are fsd together with 200 k~ of water and 460 kg of feldspar with 5% residual humidity and 2 kg of sodi~n polyph~x~ohate and 4.5 kg of sodium dodecyl su1phonate into a 205~7 mixer, ~ollcwed by vigorous stirring for approximately 5 minutes and the transfer of the resulting highly thixotropic clay suspension into a shaping unit and feeding in 1 cm diameter strands into a drying apparatus. On reaching the desired residuaI m~isture content the foamed clay material is passed into a roller crusher, where it is comminuted. The comminuted foamed clay particles are subsequently subdivided in a screening plant into a size fraction of between 1.0 and 5.0 mm, which is passed to the kiln, and a size fraction below 1.0 mm and which is returned to the starting mixture.
m e foamed clay particles transferred to the kiln are intrnduced into a continuously operating kiln preheated to 750 to 1050~C. The baked ceranic product is directly transferred from the kiln into a cooling drum into which water is directly sprayed in parallel with the indirect air cooling.
After a few minutes the product can be transferred to the packing plant.
The ~hus produced materials are characterized ~y the follcwing parameters:
p~-value: 7.3 to 7.5 water absorption c~pacity: 150 to 190~ by weight internal surface: 100 to 200 m2/g pore diameter: ~ 0.8 mm~
m e features of ~he invention disclosed in the description and the claims can be ~portant bo the reali3ation of the varlous embodiments of the inven-tion, both singly ana in randam c~mbinations.
Accordin~ to a preferred embcdi~ent of the invention an indirectly fired rot~ry kiln is used for the baking pnocess.
It is particularly advantageous to directly transfer the baked product from the kiln into a cooling drum into which water is directly s,orayed, in parallel to the indirect cooling with air.
The invention also relates to an adsorbent and/or absorbentr particularly animal litter, which can be prcduced according to the inventive process.
Surprisingly as a result of the inventively selected quantities o~ the starting substances and the conditions during the baking of the shaped clay bodies, their porous internal structure can be clearly further improved and in particular nade more uniform, which qptimizes the water absorption cap-acity, odour binding and other product characteristics associated therewith~
This has 13d to surprises for the oeramics Expert. Firstly it was not hithert~ known that a ceramic material wi~h ~he i~dicated water content o S bo 25% wou~d ~e able to withstand without any signific2nt deterioration th~ thermal shock an introduction into tlhe pr~heated kiln, wh~6e temper-ature at t ~ point is apprcximately 700 bo 800C. Secondly, particularly as a result Oe the teaching of German p~tent 34 14 965, a prejudice exieted ~ha~ a treabment of the shapsd c ~ bodies at higher product temperatures t~an 800C wou~d lead to an embrittle~ent of the material and to a redNc-tion of ~he internal surface, which would hsve had a disadvanta~eous effect on ~he desired characteri8tics of the product as an a~sorbent and/or absorbent. It wa5 then2~0re co~pletely surprising that as a nesult o~ ~he mea8ure8 accordiny to the inNention a much better and in p3rticular mu~h .
2 ~ 7 more uniform pore structure could be obtained, accompanied by the very favourable economics of the process.
It was also surprising that under the indicated product conditions, it was also possible to positively thermochemically influence the colour of the ceranic baked material. m e iron contained in the clay nonmally leads through oxidation to a reddish product and then, by reduction to whitish colours the~ein. Hcwever, as in ceramic baXing processes generally direct firing takes place, the in each case desired kiln atmosphere is a~justed via the kiln burners. In the caæe of indirect firing, which is used in preferrel manner accor~ing to the invention, and the air quantity no~mally present in the kiln chamber of 5 to 10 m3/tonne of baXing material, an at least partial cxidation, i.e. a reddish colouring of the product would have been eKpected. However, under the given pr~duction conditions, contrary to expectations, the iron contained in the clay is reduced, as is made clear by the whitish colour of the end product. The reasons for this reductio,n have not as yet been completely clarified. However, it is assumed that there is an interplay of several factors, namely th`e relatively ~hort baking time, st~am andtor hydrogen formation in ~he pores with local inert gas/reaction gas fo D tion and a steam and/or hydrogen formation throughout the klln ch~n~er, which largely neutralizes the oxidation action of the oxygen.
m e ~udden cooling by the direct spraying of water into the ooo ~ drum and which advantageously directly follows ~he baking of the shqped clay bodies and in which the product is cooled withln a f~w minute~ ~ m m approximately 1000C to 60C,~must also be considered e~treme for such a ceranic material, ~o that itwRs ~urprising that ~uch a rapid oooling, which 1~ naturally of great interest for econamic reasons, 13d to no negative infiuence~ an the pro~uct characteristics.
E~a~ple 400 kg o~ Westerwald clay with 10~ residual humiaity are fsd together with 200 k~ of water and 460 kg of feldspar with 5% residual humidity and 2 kg of sodi~n polyph~x~ohate and 4.5 kg of sodium dodecyl su1phonate into a 205~7 mixer, ~ollcwed by vigorous stirring for approximately 5 minutes and the transfer of the resulting highly thixotropic clay suspension into a shaping unit and feeding in 1 cm diameter strands into a drying apparatus. On reaching the desired residuaI m~isture content the foamed clay material is passed into a roller crusher, where it is comminuted. The comminuted foamed clay particles are subsequently subdivided in a screening plant into a size fraction of between 1.0 and 5.0 mm, which is passed to the kiln, and a size fraction below 1.0 mm and which is returned to the starting mixture.
m e foamed clay particles transferred to the kiln are intrnduced into a continuously operating kiln preheated to 750 to 1050~C. The baked ceranic product is directly transferred from the kiln into a cooling drum into which water is directly sprayed in parallel with the indirect air cooling.
After a few minutes the product can be transferred to the packing plant.
The ~hus produced materials are characterized ~y the follcwing parameters:
p~-value: 7.3 to 7.5 water absorption c~pacity: 150 to 190~ by weight internal surface: 100 to 200 m2/g pore diameter: ~ 0.8 mm~
m e features of ~he invention disclosed in the description and the claims can be ~portant bo the reali3ation of the varlous embodiments of the inven-tion, both singly ana in randam c~mbinations.
Claims (4)
1. Process for producing a porous ceramic granular material with pore sizes of ? 1 mm, in which clay; calcite, quartz sand, dolomite, feldspar, chamotte, kieselguhr and/or sepiolite as additives; water; deflocculant and surfactant are mixed and foamed in a per se known dispersing unit under pressure (1 to 10 bar) by compressed air supply at a temperature between ambient temperature and 95°C and optionally for producing a highly viscous, thixotropic, naturally stable foam suspension agents counteracting the effect of the deflocculant are added and subsequently the foamed mixture is optionally shaped into shaped clay bodies, which are dried at a temper-ature between ambient temperature and 200°C, the dried shaped clay bodies are optionally comminuted and, accompanied by the return of the fines to the starting mixture, are screened and subsequently the shaped clay bodies and/or the comminuted shaped clay bodies with a selected particle size range are baked at a product temperature above 600°C for use as adsorbents or absorbents, particularly as animal litter or bedding, characterized in that 25 to 45% by weight clay, 0 to 40% by weight calcite, quartz sand, dolomite, feldspar, chamotte, kieselguhr and/or sepiolite, 20 to 50% by weight water, 0.1 to 1.0% by weight deflocculant and 0.1 to 1.0% by weight surfactant are used and the shaped clay bodies and/or the comminuted shaped clay bodies with a residual moisture content of 5 to 25% are fed into a preheated kiln and baked at a predetermined product temperature in the range 750 to, 1050°C.
2. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that an indirectly fired rotary kiln is used for the baking process.
3. Process according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the baked product is directly transferred from the kiln into a cooling drum into which water is directly sprayed in parallel to the indirect cooling with air.
4. Adsorbent and/or absorbent, particularly animal litter, which can be produced according to the process of one of the claims 1 to 3.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4011254A DE4011254C1 (en) | 1990-04-05 | 1990-04-05 | |
| DEP4011254.4-45 | 1990-04-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2051807A1 true CA2051807A1 (en) | 1991-10-06 |
Family
ID=6403955
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002051807A Abandoned CA2051807A1 (en) | 1990-04-05 | 1991-03-15 | Process for producing a porous ceramic granular material for use as an adsorbent and/or absorbent, particularly as animal litter |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0451928B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH04507047A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE106662T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU633418B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9105671A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2051807A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ283694B6 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4011254C1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU214196B (en) |
| PL (1) | PL166411B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2074139C1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991015112A1 (en) |
| YU (1) | YU47596B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5418195A (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 1995-05-23 | Ecc International Limited | Porous ceramic granules |
| WO2009133212A1 (en) * | 2008-04-29 | 2009-11-05 | Sepiol, S.A. | Method for producing low-density agglomerating pet litter, and resulting litter |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2743694B1 (en) * | 1996-01-19 | 1998-02-27 | Financ Et De Participations Ro | ABSORBENT GRANULES, PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING THESE GRANULES FROM POWDER SEPIOLITY AND LITTERS FOR CATS CONSTRUCTED THEREFROM |
| GB9825926D0 (en) * | 1998-11-27 | 1999-01-20 | Ecc Int Ltd | Refractory products and their manufacture |
| CZ304806B6 (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2014-11-05 | Sedlecký kaolin a. s. | Process for producing industrial silicate granulate, particularly kaolin, clay, bentonite and fired silicate granulate |
| RU2481316C1 (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2013-05-10 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Mixture for producing porous aggregate |
| RU2491241C1 (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2013-08-27 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Mixture for making porous aggregate |
| US9315425B2 (en) | 2013-10-28 | 2016-04-19 | Universiti Brunei Darussalam | Macroporous ceramic body, method of manufacture and uses thereof |
| RU2548418C1 (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2015-04-20 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Raw mix for brick manufacture |
| RU2562074C1 (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-09-10 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Furnace charge for porous filler production |
| CN107698230B (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2020-08-28 | 薛祥吉 | Composite multifunctional indoor wall material capable of humidifying, resisting bacteria, purifying air and releasing negative ions |
| JP7365571B2 (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2023-10-20 | 株式会社ユーディー | Pet excrement disposal material and its manufacturing method |
| CN111558359B (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2023-08-29 | 北京泷涛环境科技有限公司 | Method for producing an adsorbent material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE557324C (en) * | 1930-12-13 | 1932-08-22 | Arno Andreas | Method and device for cooling molten cement |
| GB695795A (en) * | 1950-06-16 | 1953-08-19 | London Brick Co | Improvements in and relating to building or refractory bricks, slabs, blocks and partitions |
| DE1209040B (en) * | 1964-06-19 | 1966-01-13 | Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag | Process for obtaining an essentially alkali-free furnace discharge when burning minerals containing poorly volatile alkalis |
| DE1508485A1 (en) * | 1966-08-16 | 1969-10-30 | Klaue Hermann | Rotary kiln for blowing ground soils and rocks |
| FR2365536A1 (en) * | 1976-09-22 | 1978-04-21 | Huguenot Fenal Tuileries | PERFECTED FOAMING CLAY AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
| DE3207623A1 (en) * | 1982-03-03 | 1983-09-29 | Kneule, Gerhard, 7440 Nürtingen | Porous ceramic shaped body, method for its manufacture, and its use |
| DE3414965C2 (en) * | 1984-04-19 | 1986-06-19 | Effem Gmbh, 2810 Verden | Process for the production of porous ceramic bodies for use as adsorbents or absorbents, in particular animal litter |
| US4685420A (en) * | 1985-12-11 | 1987-08-11 | The Dow Chemical Company | Animal litter and related processes |
| GB8609561D0 (en) * | 1986-04-18 | 1986-05-21 | Laporte Industries Ltd | Litter for animals/birds |
| AU7875787A (en) * | 1986-07-15 | 1988-02-10 | Yananton, P. | Non absorbent litter for use with absorbent pad |
-
1990
- 1990-04-05 DE DE4011254A patent/DE4011254C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-03-15 BR BR919105671A patent/BR9105671A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-15 DE DE59101824T patent/DE59101824D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-03-15 WO PCT/DE1991/000235 patent/WO1991015112A1/en active Application Filing
- 1991-03-15 JP JP3505653A patent/JPH04507047A/en active Pending
- 1991-03-15 HU HU913774A patent/HU214196B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-15 AU AU74641/91A patent/AU633418B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-03-15 AT AT91250073T patent/ATE106662T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-15 PL PL91293025A patent/PL166411B1/en unknown
- 1991-03-15 EP EP91250073A patent/EP0451928B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-15 RU SU915010791A patent/RU2074139C1/en active
- 1991-03-15 CA CA002051807A patent/CA2051807A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-04-02 CZ CS91900A patent/CZ283694B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-05-05 YU YU61891A patent/YU47596B/en unknown
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5418195A (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 1995-05-23 | Ecc International Limited | Porous ceramic granules |
| WO2009133212A1 (en) * | 2008-04-29 | 2009-11-05 | Sepiol, S.A. | Method for producing low-density agglomerating pet litter, and resulting litter |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| YU61891A (en) | 1993-11-16 |
| HU913774D0 (en) | 1992-06-29 |
| RU2074139C1 (en) | 1997-02-27 |
| DE59101824D1 (en) | 1994-07-14 |
| JPH04507047A (en) | 1992-12-10 |
| AU633418B2 (en) | 1993-01-28 |
| HUT66466A (en) | 1994-11-28 |
| DE4011254C1 (en) | 1991-06-20 |
| ATE106662T1 (en) | 1994-06-15 |
| BR9105671A (en) | 1992-05-19 |
| PL293025A1 (en) | 1992-11-02 |
| PL166411B1 (en) | 1995-05-31 |
| CZ283694B6 (en) | 1998-06-17 |
| HU214196B (en) | 1998-01-28 |
| AU7464191A (en) | 1991-10-30 |
| WO1991015112A1 (en) | 1991-10-17 |
| EP0451928B1 (en) | 1994-06-08 |
| CS9100900A2 (en) | 1991-10-15 |
| YU47596B (en) | 1995-10-24 |
| EP0451928A1 (en) | 1991-10-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |