CA2044385C - Felt, in particular a papermaking-machine felt, and method for its manufacture - Google Patents
Felt, in particular a papermaking-machine felt, and method for its manufactureInfo
- Publication number
- CA2044385C CA2044385C CA002044385A CA2044385A CA2044385C CA 2044385 C CA2044385 C CA 2044385C CA 002044385 A CA002044385 A CA 002044385A CA 2044385 A CA2044385 A CA 2044385A CA 2044385 C CA2044385 C CA 2044385C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- belt
- strip
- felt
- support
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F7/00—Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F7/08—Felts
- D21F7/083—Multi-layer felts
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H18/00—Needling machines
- D04H18/02—Needling machines with needles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
Abstract
A felt, especially for the press part of a papermaking machine, comprises at least one support belt and at least one fiber belt deposited on and affixed to it. In order to impart to such a fell: improved operational properties while retaining adequate transverse stability and in order to manufacture it at substantially lower cost, the support belt (s) 45, 50, 57, 58, 64, 71, 72 each are composed of at least one support-belt strip 46, 51, 52, 59, 60, 65, 66, 73, 74, 75 with a width less than that of the support belt(s) 45, 50, 57, 58, 64, 71, 72 , said strip(s) being continuously wound essentially in the direction of advance of the felt 42, 47, 53, 61, 67 and also spirally transverse to it. Basically manufacture is carried out by means of the following method steps:
a) first a belt of material is manufactured, b) at least one support-belt strip 46, 51, 52, 59, 60, 65, 66, 73, 74, 75 is affixed to the belt of material and evinces a width less than that of the finished felt 42, 47, 53, 61, 67, c) the belt of material is displaced in the direction of advance, d) the first support belt 45, 50, 57, 58, 64, 71, 72, and where called for other support belts 45, 50, 57, 58, 64, 71, 72, is constructed by means of a relative motion between the particular support-belt strip 46, 51, 52, 59, 60, 65, 66, 73, 74, 75 and the already built-up part 41 of the felt 42, 47, 53, 61, 67 spirally and transversely to the direction of advance of the belt of material, e) each support belt 45, 50, 57, 58, 64, 71, 72 is connected to at least one fiber belt 43, 44, 48, 49, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62, 63, 68, 69, 79.
a) first a belt of material is manufactured, b) at least one support-belt strip 46, 51, 52, 59, 60, 65, 66, 73, 74, 75 is affixed to the belt of material and evinces a width less than that of the finished felt 42, 47, 53, 61, 67, c) the belt of material is displaced in the direction of advance, d) the first support belt 45, 50, 57, 58, 64, 71, 72, and where called for other support belts 45, 50, 57, 58, 64, 71, 72, is constructed by means of a relative motion between the particular support-belt strip 46, 51, 52, 59, 60, 65, 66, 73, 74, 75 and the already built-up part 41 of the felt 42, 47, 53, 61, 67 spirally and transversely to the direction of advance of the belt of material, e) each support belt 45, 50, 57, 58, 64, 71, 72 is connected to at least one fiber belt 43, 44, 48, 49, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62, 63, 68, 69, 79.
Description
;~ 204~3~
..
Casa 5771 Dr. Walter Best 8ylvester Esohmann A FELT, IN PARTICULAR A PAPF~M~TNG-MACHINE FELT, AND
MET~OD FOR IT~ MANUFACTURE
Des¢ription The invention concerns a felt, in particular a papermaking-machine felt, especially for the press-part of a papermaking machine, with at least one support belt and at least one fiber belt deposited on and joined to it. The invention further concerns a method for manufacturing such an endless felt~ Such felts are used foremost to move thin webs through equipment manufacturing them, a ma~or field of application being the making of paper in papermaking machlnery.
The known felts comprise at least one support belt and at least one fiber belt deposited thereon. The support belt -- there may also be several superposed support belts with sandwiched fiber belts -- is designed in such a way that it provides the longitu~inAI
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and transverse structural strength to the felt that it needs for the antiicipated purpose. Accordingly these are cohe6ivQ belts, preferably woven structures being used. However knits, spun-fiber webs of transverse and longitudinally reinforced composite struc-tures of sheets of unwoven filaments also have been proposed.
Thereupon a fiber belt is deposited at least on the surface of the support belt to which it shall be connected in order to achieve a smooth surface and to avert damage to the strip to be moved, for instance a web of paper. In the press part of the papermaking machine, the design of such a felt moreover is matched to achieving as good as possible a dehydration through the felt.
Conventionally, the felts are manufactursd mainly in such a way that first the support belt is made with a width correspon~ing to that of the finished felt and in that only then shall a full-width fiber belt be deposited on, and connected to the support belt~This connection preferably is in the form of needling, though bonding also may be used.
Methods and equipment are known for manufacturing endless felts, also called tube-felts, whereby first a support belt i5 made in width corresponding to that of the finished felt and then is 204~3~
pulled over two spaced rollers and stretched between them. Next a strip of fiber belt of a lesser width than that of the finished fellc is mounted to the supp~rt belt. Thereupon the support belt is moved in the direction of advance, a relative motion between the strip of fiber belt being advanced on one hand and the support belt on the other, transverse to said direction of advance being also produced. On account of this relative motion the strip of fiber belt progressively is wound onto the support belt transversely to the direction of advance. Gradually a fiber belt i8 built up, which also may be composed of several layers. Simultaneously needling is carried out in this equipment and thereby connection between the fiber belt and the support belt.
Two different designs are known to generate the relative motion. In the equipment of the German patent documents B 23 24 985; A 39 37 551 and A 39 37 652, the feed device of thè strip~ of fiber belt are displaced transversely to the advance rollers. The process is ki ne ~tically the reverse for the equipment of the German patent document B 1 660 765 and European patent document B
0 123 969. In the latter case, the feed device is stationary and ~0 accordingly it is the support belt which is transversely displaced 2 0 ~
on the advance rollers. For that purpose the advance rollers comprise grooves parallel to their longitudinal axes within which move drive chains comprising needles entering the support belt.
Conceivably, though it would be expensive, both principles may be combined.
Moreover the European patent document B 0 123 969 does point out that this equipment also may be used for such treatment and proaQssing as singeing, needllng, brushing or the likQ~ Again filaments spaced apart may be deposited on the felt to form dehydration channels.
In addition it is known from the US patent 3 097 413 to make an endless tube felt by first preparing an sheet of unwoven filaments of one or more filaments spaced apart and coiling around the rollers, whereupon a fiber belt is fed with a width coL~e~ond-ing to the finished felt's width, said felt having been previouslymade by cross-cutting a strip of felt belt and then being needled into the support belt. It is possible in this manufacture also to feed together with the transversely supplied strip of felt belt an sheet of unwoven filaments parallel thereto and a distance away which then extend in the finished felt transversely to its direction 20~438~
of advance. The US patents 4 495 680 and 4 594 756 relate to equipment for making the sheet of unwoven longitudinal filaments known from US patent 3 097 413, the longit~ldin~l sheet of unwoven filaments thereupon being ~ -n~hle to being needled to a fiber belt, in the equipment itself or in a conventional needling machine.
The object of felts of such designs was to avert crossing points oharacteristic of woven materials but instead to achieve only sheets of unwoven longitudinal filaments. However this had to be achieved at the cost of making a complete sheet of unwoven filaments, with accessory steps required to stabilize the sheet of unwoven filaments for the ensuing needling. For that purpose either detachable foils were bonded onto the sheet of unwoven filaments, or the sheet of unwoven filaments was made with detachable cross filaments which following needling were removed. The fiber belts too were initially made in the final width of the felt before being needled into the sheet of unwoven filaments. Accordingly the final width is restricted by the equipment width. Besides, the transverse stability of such felts frequently is inadequate in view of the high stresses, especially in the press part of a papermaking machine.
204~385 Accordingly felts of the species still are being made with support belts in the form of cohesive transverse and longit~inAl banlds, even and especially when the fiber-web belt is continuously deposited in the form of fiber-web belt strips in the direction of advance however in spiral manner in the transverse direction. This is shown by the recently published German patent documents A 39 37 651 and A 39 37 652. This entails the drawback that first the support belt must be manufactured with the width correspon~n~ to that of the finished felt, and this is carried out in correspon~ing-lo ly wide machinery, for instance weaving or knitting machine~.
Because papermaking machine felts in particular are quite wide, expensive and mostly slow weaving machines must be used. Knitting mach~nes anyway are available only in restricted widths, and accordingly knitted materials so far have been used only for narrow felts. Moreover the machines must be set up individually for each papermaking machine felt because these felts are not mass-produced.
High costs of production and low flexibility ensue. Moreover moving such felts inside the plant and installing them in equipment receiving the fiber belt is complex and costly.
CA 0204438~ 1998-12-04 Another drawback of the felts of thls specles ls that thelr structure ls transversely contlnuous. As a result, dlscontlnultles such as seams or the llke stretch across the entlre felt wldth. Such felts are very susceptlble to vlbratlons and entall correspondlng problems ln the partlcular machlne.
The ob~ect of the lnventlon ls to so deslgn a papermaklng-machlne felt of the lnltlally clted klnd that whlle evlnclng adequate transverse stablllty, lt shall offer lmproved operatlonal propertles and can be manufactured at substantlally lower costs.
The lnventlon provldes a papermaklng-machlne felt, comprlslng: a) a support belt comprlsed of a plurallty of cooperatlng support belt strlps, each strlp havlng a wldth less than the wldth of the felt and formed from a woven or knltted materlal and sald strlps belng progresslvely wound both ln the dlrectlon of advance of the felt and transverse thereto so that at least two layers of strlps are provlded and a strlp of one layer overlaps a cooperatlng strlp of the other layer so that sald support belt ls structured and arranged to wlthstand the transverse and longltudlnal forces to whlch the belt ls to be put whlle allowlng dehydratlon of a materlal carrled by the felt to occur therethrough; b) a flber belt overlylng sald support belt; and c) means operably lnterconnectlng sald flber belt and sald support belt.
From another aspect, the lnventlon provldes a method of manufacturlng an endless papermaklng felt, comprlslng the CA 0204438~ 1998-12-04 steps of: a) providlng a support-belt strlp formed from a material coheslve ln its longltudlnal and transverse dlrectlons, the strlp havlng a wldth less than the wldth of the felt when flnlshed; b) formlng a support belt by splrally wlndlng the strlp so that a flrst lateral edge thereof ls ad~olned to a second lateral edge thereof; c) overlylng a flber belt onto the support belt; and d) formlng the felt by operably lnterconnectlng the support and flber belts.
The bulld-up of the flrst support belt (and where called for of further support belts) ls lmplemented by means of a relatlve motlon between the partlcular support-belt strlps and the already bullt-up part of the felt transversely to the dlrectlon of advance of the length of materlal and ln a splral manner.
Thereby the lnventlon for the flrst tlme creates a felt whereln the partlcular support belt ls composed of one or more support-belt strlps extendlng essentlally ln the dlrectlon of advance of the felt but belng wound ln splral manner. Surprlslngly lt was found that such a support belt --compared wlth sheets of unwoven fllaments -- provldes adequate transverse stablllty. Manlfestly thls ls related to the support-belt strlps lnherently belng transversely stable and therefore belng free of the tendency to escape or shlft transversely. Moreover the transverse stablllty ls effectlvely lncreased ln that the flber belt ls connected surface-wlse wlth the strlps of support belts, especlally by 20~3~
needling. Accordingly the felt may be used also in the presence of high stresses such as occur foremost in the press part of a papermaking machine without thereby incurring ~i ?n~ional degrada-tion as compared with the felts of the species.
Moreover the felt and in particular its manufacturing method offer appreciable advantages. Because of the winding process, any problem sites in the strip of support belt are restricted to its width and will not extend to the whole felt width.
As a result the generation of vibrations is much reduced and even eliminated. This makes it possible too to provide a sequence of support-belt strips with different properties because then the ensuing problem sites are localized to the width of the particular support-belt strip. As a result many variations are possible in designing the support belt. Illustratively one may vary the permeability across the felt width in response to requirements.
Again the chemical outfitting may be made to differ in order to produce special properties at required, particular sites.
Besides the substantially improved properties and the possibility of variations relating to the felt, there are also substantial advantages when manufacturing this felt. Independently _ g _ -' 20443~
of the width of the finished felt, a weaving or knitting machine of correspondingly slight width suffices in the manufacture of the strip of support belt. Such machines both are economical and more rapid. Moreover for the first time it is possible to make very wide felts, such as are used in high-output papermaking machines, with a support belt in one knitting. The support-belt ~trips may be produced in great lengths and therefore without machine changeover on feed rolls, whereby manufacture again is more economical and more flexible. Similar conditions of course also apply to the manufacture of support-belt strips made from foils, spun-fiber webs or compound sheets of unwoven filaments.
As regards the manufacture proper of the felt, the supply rolls are correspondingly called on and thereupon are fed 'o equipment known in principle from the initially cited documents tGerman patent documents A 23 24 985; A 39 37 652 and B 1 660 765:
European patent document B 0 123 969). The manufacture of the felt composed of support belt and fiber belt can be carried out in this equipment in one operational step, whereby again the production costs are appreciably lower than for conventional felts. Practi-cally no limits are set on the felt width, that is, very wide felts 204~3~5 can be made regardless of the width and structure of the particular support-belt strip. Moreover no particular steps are required to adjust such width because manufacture mersly stops when the final widt:h of the felt has been reached.
The invention provides that the support belt, or at least one support belt be composed of several layers of superposed support-belt strips. This makes it possible to impart different properties to the individual layars of the support belt by utilizing corresponding support-belt strips. If this is not required, the lo support belt, or at least one support belt, may be formed by a support-belt strip which is wound in several superposed layers.
The support-belt strip or at least one support-belt strip may be wound in spiral form in such manner that the particular support-belt strips adjoin each other. The result iB an espec~ally uniform support-belt structure across the width of the felt. As an alternative, the adjoining coil segments of the particular support-belt strip also may partly overlap. Especially good stability is achieved thereby, in particular when the overlapping segments are needled to the flber belt.
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As regards multi-layer support belts, at least one layer with overlapping support-belt strips and one layer with non-overlapping ones may be combined preferably in such a way that the longitudinal edges of the support-belt strips shall not bs one above the other, ie, they shall be mutually offset.
The felt of the invention may bQ built up in arbitrary manner. Illustratively several support belts separated by one fiber belt may be provided. The felt furthermore may comprise a fibar belt on both sides, and it may comprise also fiber belts built up in several layers.
In another feature of the invention, the fiber belt or at least one fiber belt is composed of at least one fiber-belt strip of which the width is lesser than that of the felt, said fiber-belt strip(s) being continuously wound in the direction of advance of the felt and spiraling transversely to this direction. Accordingly in the invention the fiber belt -- or where several fiber belts are concerned, at least one and possibly all -- shall be built up in the same way as the support belt. The fiber belt construction offers : several advantages. On one hand the fiber-belt strip can be manufactured on a small machine of corresponding width and can be 2~4~38a kept ready in the form of supply rolls. On the other hand the ensuing felt manufacture -- once all fiber belts have been corre-spondingly built up -- can take place in a machine and therefore especially econ~mically.
Appropriately the fiber-belt strip, or at least one of them, from which is constructed a fiber belt adjoining a support belt, shall be wound as a spiral in such manner that the fibQr-belt strip i8 connected each time with two ad~acent turn seqmQnts of the support-belt strip. This arrangement reinforces the transverse stability of the felt. Where especially high requirements are placed on felt surface quality, appropriately at least one side of the fiber belt forming a side of the felt is continuous, that is, it is not built up from a fiber-belt strip.
The method of the invention already sketched in principle above presumes the manufacture of a belt of material for the construction of the support belt, with the support-belt strip being affixed to said belt of material which can be moved in the direction of advance. This belt of material may be different depending on the desired felt con~truction. Illustratively first a fiber belt may be made separately as wide as the finished felt, for instance on a 20~43~
needling machine and this fiber belt then shall be pulled over the basically known machine to rotate it in the direction of advance.
Thereupon the first support-belt strip can be affixed to this fiber belt. However it is possible too to manufacture the length of material as a belt-strip of a width less than that of the finished felt and to remove the strip of belt material at the latest when the felt is finished. ~he support-belt strip or several can be affixed at the beginning of the support-belt construction to -aaid strip of belt material. The strip of belt material illustratively may be a waste or reject material of arbitrary structure.
As an alternative however the belt of material may be built-up in combined manner, namely from a strip of material belt of lesser width than that of the finished felt and from at least one fiber-bQlt strip affixed theretQ of which the width~s) shall be also less than that of the finished felt. In the process the strip(s) of fiber belt are built up as a spiral into a fiber belt by being introduced continuously and with relative motion transversely to the direction of advance between strip(s) of fiber belt and the already built-up part of the fiber belt. In this case the belt of material therefore consists of strip of belt material which shall be removed ~04~385 following manufacture and further of a strip of fiber belt which is being built up by spirally winding it into a fiber belt. The support-belt strip is then affixed to said fiber belt in order to build up the support belt, such fastening taking place simultaneous-ly with or directly after the connection of the fiber-belt strip to the strip of material-belt, or only after the fiber belt has been made. Following removal of the material-belt strip, a felt consisting of a support belt and an external ~i~er belt is then obtained.
lo As already mentioned, there is the possibility already to provide further fiber belts built-up from fiber-belt strips in the manner described above in order to carry out the manufacture in a machine. Where the fiber-belt strips and the support-belt strips are introduced adjoining each other, they should be supplied offset transversely to the direction of advance in such manner that each time the fiber-belt strip shall be located above ~o ad~oining support-belt strips. As a result the felt transverse stability shall be reinforced. The supply also may be carried out in such a way that each time one multi-layer support belt and/or one multi-layer fiber belt are being built up, either by introducing sQveral 2~3~
support-belt strips and/or fiber-belt strips, or by ~ne support-bQlt strip or fiber-belt strip shall be wound in superposed manner transversely to the direction of advance by means of at least a single reversal of the relative motion between the support-belt strip or the fiber-belt strip and the already built-up part of the fQlt .
Moreover the supply of support-belt strips and/or fiber-belt strips may be such that the lonqitudinal edges always shall be adjoining or that the turn segments shall partly overlap. As regards multi-layer fiber-web belts and/or support belts, these two alternatives also may combined with each other by layers.
Obviously it is also possible when in the presence of co~Le~onding requirements that additionally at least one additional fiber belt be separately manufactured in the width of the f;n;she~
belt and that then it shall be deposited on and affixed to the top and~or the bottom side of thQ built-up part of the felt. Again several support belts may be built up by win~ing support-belt strips in spiral manner, a fiber belt being constructed each time between the support belts by winding fiber-belt strips in spiral manner.
204~38~
Especially effective connection of fiber belt to support belt and hardly affecting the felt structure can be carried out in known manner by needling, which may take place strip-wise or alraady during the construction of the support belt and/or fiber belt by providing the implementing equipment with a corresponding needling device.
The invention is elucidated in the drawing by means of illustrative embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic sideview, and Fig. 2 is a topview of equipment for making a felt, and Figs. 3 through 7 are various, schematic embodiments of felts.
The equipment 1 shown in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises two advance rollers 2, 3 rotating on horizontal shafts 4, 5 nnd horizontally apart. The advance rollers 2, 3 ComprisQ grooves illustratively denoted by 6, 7 parallel to the shafts 4, 5 and distributed over the surfaces, which guide the drive ch~n~
illustratively denoted by 8, 9. These drive chains bear needle elements illustratively denoted by 10, 11 projecting above the ; - 17 -204~38~
surfaces of the advance rollers 2, 3. The advancQ rollers 2, 3 rotate in the directions of arrows A.
The ~quipment 1 comprisQs two fQed or supply devices 12, 13. A total of four supply rolls 14, 15, 16, 17 are supported ;n the upper feed device 12 so as to be rotatabla in the direction of the shown arrows, namely two adjacent upper supply rolls 14, 15 and again two adjacent lower supply rolls 16, 17. Each supply roll 14, 15, 16, 17 comprises one pivot shank 18, 19, 20, 21 each recelvln~
a wound belt strip 22, 23, 24, 25. Guide rollers 26, 27, 28 assure problem-free guidance of the unwound belt strip 22, 23, 24, 25.
A carding device feeding a fiber web may be provided in addition to the supply rolls 14, 15, 16, 17.
The second supply means 13 is mounted at the lower sida of the equipment. It comprises two adjacent aupply or feed rolls 29, 30 consisting here too of the pivot shanks 31, 32 and the belt strips 33, 34 mounted on them. Guide rollers 35, i6 serve to support the unwound belt strips 33, 34.
~he equipment 1 further includes a needling machine 37 of which merely the needle bars 38, 39, 40 are shown here. The needle bars 38, 39, 40 are mounted one above the other and are vertically 20~385 displaceable. A n~e~le bar 38 is present in the upper part of equipment 1, whereas the lower p~rt comprises two nee~le bars 39, 40 moving in opposite directions.
Depending on the desired construction of the felt being made by the equipment 1, fiber-belt strips or support-belt strips may be used as the belt strips 22, 23, 24, 25, 33, 34. The fiber-belt strips then consist of a f~ber web which may evince differQnt fiber orientations, finenesses and fiber densities, whereas the support-belt strips may evince different structures, for instance being woven, knit, spun-fiber web, foil and or strips of composite sheets of unwoven filaments.
At the beginning of manufacturing, first a strip of belt-material is pulled onto the two advance rollers 2, 3 up to about the feed-level of the supply rolls 14, 15, 16, 17, 29, 30. This strip of belt material illustratively may be a strip of woven rQ~Qct.
Thereupon the individual belt strips 22, 23, 24, 25, 33, 34 are mounted by their butt ends to this strip of belt material. Next the two advance rollers 2, 3 and thereby the strip of belt material are displaced in the direction of advance whereby the belt strips 22, 23, 24, 25, 33, 34 are taken off the supply rolls 14, 15, 16, 17-20~3~
29, 30 and come to rest on the strip of belt material. Simulta-neously the needling machine 37 is actuated so that the individual belt: strips 22, 23, 24, 25, 33, 34 are needled together, that is, the fibers of the fiber-belt strips penetrate the support-belt strips.
On account of the rotation of the advance rollors 2, 3 the drive chains 8, 9 also are set in motion in the directions of the arrows B. Consequently the strip of belt-material and thereby also that part 41 of the belt already built up on it are moved along.
Because of the relative motion between this felt part 41 and the belt strips 22, 23, 24, 25, 33, 34, the latter are spirally wound on the advance rollers 2, 3 at a pitch corresponding to the speed of the drive chains 8, 9.
The process continues until the felt has att~ine~ its final width. The belt strips 22, 23, 24, 25, 33, 34 then are out off. The finished felt i5 taken off the advance rollers 2, 3 by again operating the drive chains 8, 9. Following the removal of the felt, the strip of belt material that was used in merely accessory manner is separated. Thereupon the felt either is finished or may be used for further processing, for instance in order to needle, in 204~38~
a suitable machine, a further fiber belt which already initially evinced the felt width.
Obviously variations of the shown equipment 1 are conceivable. Illustratively the individual supply rolls 14, 15, 16, 17, 29, 30 also may be mutually offset so that the belt strips 22, 23, 24, 25, 33, 34 shall be fed at a corresponding offset, with espQcial advantagQs for tranSVQrSQ stability. Again not all supply rolls 14, 15, 16, 17, 29, 30 need be present. Moreover the distance between the advance rollers 2, 3 is adjustable so that felts of different lengths also can be made.
Figs. 3 through 7 show various embodiment modes of felts made on equipment 1, the views being transverse to the direction of advance. In the embodiment of Fig. 3, the felt 42 comprises a lower fiber belt 43 and an upper fiber belt 44, a support belt 45 being mounted between the two fiber belts 43, 44. The lower fiber belt 44 was made in conventlonal manner, that ie, ~eparately and in the anticipated final width of the felt 42, thereupon being needled in a needle machine to the lower side of the combination of fiber belt 44 and support belt 45.
20~3~
The fiber belt 44 and the support belt 45 were manufac-tured in the equipment 1 of Figs. 1 and 2. The speed of the drive chains 8, 9 was set so low that the individual turns of the support-belt strip 46 partly overlap as schematically shown by the Z-representation of the support-bQlt strip 46. The uppQr fiber belt 44 is built up in corresponding spiral manner. Needling imparts an extensively homogeneous structure to this fiber belt 44. Because of the needling both of the upper and lower fiber belts 43, 44 to the support belt 45, the individual turns of the support-belt strip 46 cannot shift relative to each other. As a result and on account of the stability proper of the support-belt strip 46 in the transverse direction the felt 42 is endowed with adequate transverse stability.
The felt 47 shown in Fig. 4 also comprises a lower and upper fiber belt 48, 49 corresponding to the fiber belts 43, 44 of the felt 42. The sandwiched support belt 50 is composed of two layers by supplying two support-belt strips 51, 52 one above the other in simultaneous or sequential manner. The speed of the drive chains 8, 9 was set high enough that the individual turns o~ the support-belt strips 51, 52 do not overlap in this case, rather their longitudinal edges butt against each other. Moreover the support-2 0 ~
belt strips 51, 52 are supplied in such manner as to be mutunlly offset, that is, the longitudinal edges of the turns of the lower support-belt strip 52 are offset relative to those of the upper support-belt strip 51. By needling the fiber belts 48, 49 to the support belt 50, adequate transverse stability is achieved in this case too.
The felt 53 shown in Fig. 5 comprises three superposed fiber belts 54, 55, 56 with a support belt sandwiched between them each time. The lower fiber belt 54 was made and needled convention-ally in the manner of the lower fiber belts 43, 48 of the felts 42, 47. The central and upper fiber belts 55, 56 were built up in the equipment 1 of Figs. 1 and 2 by the spiral deposition of a fiber-belt strip. The same applies also to the support belts 57, 58 built up from support-belt strips 59, 60 by having been fed to the equipment 1 of Figs. 1 and 2. This took place each time in such a way that the turns of the support-belt strips 5g, 60 are abutting.
The support-belt strips 59, 60 were fed-in offset relative to each other so that the longitudinal edges are not located one above the other. The individual layers of the felt 53 were connected by needling the fiber belts 54, 55, 56 to the support belts 57, 58.
20~3~
The felt 61 shown in Fig. 6 comprises a lower fiber belt 62 and an upper fiber belt 63. The lower fiber belt 62 was needled subsequently following separate manufacture, whereas the upper fiber belt 63 was built up in the equipment 1 of Fiqs. 1 and 2 by spirally winding a fiber-belt strip. A support belt is enclosed between the two fiber belts 62, 63 and is composed of two layQrs. The lower layer of the support belt 64 is formed by a support-belt strip 65 wound in the same manner as the support-belt 46. Accordingly the individual turns of the support-belt strip 65 are overlapping. The upper layer of the support belt 64 on the other hand is composed of a support-belt strip 66 of which the individual turns adjoin each other, that is they are abutting and do not overlap. Both support-belt strips 65, 66 are mutually so offset that their longit-~A~n edges are not one above the other.
lS The felt 67 shown in Fig. 7 comprisQs a lower fiber belt 68, a middle fiber belt 69 and an upper fiber belt 70. The lower fiber belt 6~ was made conventionally and separately and then was needled to the others. The above part of the felt 67 was built up in the equipment 1 as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
- 2~ -20~3~
Each time a support belt 71, 72 i5 sandwiched between the fiber belts 68, 69, 70. The lower support belt 71 is composed of two support-belt strips 73, 74, the turns of the lower support-belt strip 73 being abutting whereas the turns of the upper support-belt strip 74 are overlapping. The upper support belt 72 is so built up from a support-belt strip 75 that its turns are ad~oining without overlap. The connection between the individual layers is accom-plished by needling the fiber belts 68, 69, 70.
Obviously felts of different designs also may be made with the equipment 1 of Figs. 1 and 2. Illustratively the partlcular lower fiber belt can be built up in the equipment 1 from one or more fiber-be~t strips. However a plurality of support belts with , overlapping turns may be superposed too. In particular when the felt is being manufactured in the equipment 1 of Figs. 1 and 2, no practical limits are set on the width, that is, not even on extrem~
widths for which the heretofore available wide apparatus for making the support belt(s) and fiber belts cannot be used, in particular when the support belt(s) are in the form of woven or knit materials.
..
Casa 5771 Dr. Walter Best 8ylvester Esohmann A FELT, IN PARTICULAR A PAPF~M~TNG-MACHINE FELT, AND
MET~OD FOR IT~ MANUFACTURE
Des¢ription The invention concerns a felt, in particular a papermaking-machine felt, especially for the press-part of a papermaking machine, with at least one support belt and at least one fiber belt deposited on and joined to it. The invention further concerns a method for manufacturing such an endless felt~ Such felts are used foremost to move thin webs through equipment manufacturing them, a ma~or field of application being the making of paper in papermaking machlnery.
The known felts comprise at least one support belt and at least one fiber belt deposited thereon. The support belt -- there may also be several superposed support belts with sandwiched fiber belts -- is designed in such a way that it provides the longitu~inAI
20~3~
and transverse structural strength to the felt that it needs for the antiicipated purpose. Accordingly these are cohe6ivQ belts, preferably woven structures being used. However knits, spun-fiber webs of transverse and longitudinally reinforced composite struc-tures of sheets of unwoven filaments also have been proposed.
Thereupon a fiber belt is deposited at least on the surface of the support belt to which it shall be connected in order to achieve a smooth surface and to avert damage to the strip to be moved, for instance a web of paper. In the press part of the papermaking machine, the design of such a felt moreover is matched to achieving as good as possible a dehydration through the felt.
Conventionally, the felts are manufactursd mainly in such a way that first the support belt is made with a width correspon~ing to that of the finished felt and in that only then shall a full-width fiber belt be deposited on, and connected to the support belt~This connection preferably is in the form of needling, though bonding also may be used.
Methods and equipment are known for manufacturing endless felts, also called tube-felts, whereby first a support belt i5 made in width corresponding to that of the finished felt and then is 204~3~
pulled over two spaced rollers and stretched between them. Next a strip of fiber belt of a lesser width than that of the finished fellc is mounted to the supp~rt belt. Thereupon the support belt is moved in the direction of advance, a relative motion between the strip of fiber belt being advanced on one hand and the support belt on the other, transverse to said direction of advance being also produced. On account of this relative motion the strip of fiber belt progressively is wound onto the support belt transversely to the direction of advance. Gradually a fiber belt i8 built up, which also may be composed of several layers. Simultaneously needling is carried out in this equipment and thereby connection between the fiber belt and the support belt.
Two different designs are known to generate the relative motion. In the equipment of the German patent documents B 23 24 985; A 39 37 551 and A 39 37 652, the feed device of thè strip~ of fiber belt are displaced transversely to the advance rollers. The process is ki ne ~tically the reverse for the equipment of the German patent document B 1 660 765 and European patent document B
0 123 969. In the latter case, the feed device is stationary and ~0 accordingly it is the support belt which is transversely displaced 2 0 ~
on the advance rollers. For that purpose the advance rollers comprise grooves parallel to their longitudinal axes within which move drive chains comprising needles entering the support belt.
Conceivably, though it would be expensive, both principles may be combined.
Moreover the European patent document B 0 123 969 does point out that this equipment also may be used for such treatment and proaQssing as singeing, needllng, brushing or the likQ~ Again filaments spaced apart may be deposited on the felt to form dehydration channels.
In addition it is known from the US patent 3 097 413 to make an endless tube felt by first preparing an sheet of unwoven filaments of one or more filaments spaced apart and coiling around the rollers, whereupon a fiber belt is fed with a width coL~e~ond-ing to the finished felt's width, said felt having been previouslymade by cross-cutting a strip of felt belt and then being needled into the support belt. It is possible in this manufacture also to feed together with the transversely supplied strip of felt belt an sheet of unwoven filaments parallel thereto and a distance away which then extend in the finished felt transversely to its direction 20~438~
of advance. The US patents 4 495 680 and 4 594 756 relate to equipment for making the sheet of unwoven longitudinal filaments known from US patent 3 097 413, the longit~ldin~l sheet of unwoven filaments thereupon being ~ -n~hle to being needled to a fiber belt, in the equipment itself or in a conventional needling machine.
The object of felts of such designs was to avert crossing points oharacteristic of woven materials but instead to achieve only sheets of unwoven longitudinal filaments. However this had to be achieved at the cost of making a complete sheet of unwoven filaments, with accessory steps required to stabilize the sheet of unwoven filaments for the ensuing needling. For that purpose either detachable foils were bonded onto the sheet of unwoven filaments, or the sheet of unwoven filaments was made with detachable cross filaments which following needling were removed. The fiber belts too were initially made in the final width of the felt before being needled into the sheet of unwoven filaments. Accordingly the final width is restricted by the equipment width. Besides, the transverse stability of such felts frequently is inadequate in view of the high stresses, especially in the press part of a papermaking machine.
204~385 Accordingly felts of the species still are being made with support belts in the form of cohesive transverse and longit~inAl banlds, even and especially when the fiber-web belt is continuously deposited in the form of fiber-web belt strips in the direction of advance however in spiral manner in the transverse direction. This is shown by the recently published German patent documents A 39 37 651 and A 39 37 652. This entails the drawback that first the support belt must be manufactured with the width correspon~n~ to that of the finished felt, and this is carried out in correspon~ing-lo ly wide machinery, for instance weaving or knitting machine~.
Because papermaking machine felts in particular are quite wide, expensive and mostly slow weaving machines must be used. Knitting mach~nes anyway are available only in restricted widths, and accordingly knitted materials so far have been used only for narrow felts. Moreover the machines must be set up individually for each papermaking machine felt because these felts are not mass-produced.
High costs of production and low flexibility ensue. Moreover moving such felts inside the plant and installing them in equipment receiving the fiber belt is complex and costly.
CA 0204438~ 1998-12-04 Another drawback of the felts of thls specles ls that thelr structure ls transversely contlnuous. As a result, dlscontlnultles such as seams or the llke stretch across the entlre felt wldth. Such felts are very susceptlble to vlbratlons and entall correspondlng problems ln the partlcular machlne.
The ob~ect of the lnventlon ls to so deslgn a papermaklng-machlne felt of the lnltlally clted klnd that whlle evlnclng adequate transverse stablllty, lt shall offer lmproved operatlonal propertles and can be manufactured at substantlally lower costs.
The lnventlon provldes a papermaklng-machlne felt, comprlslng: a) a support belt comprlsed of a plurallty of cooperatlng support belt strlps, each strlp havlng a wldth less than the wldth of the felt and formed from a woven or knltted materlal and sald strlps belng progresslvely wound both ln the dlrectlon of advance of the felt and transverse thereto so that at least two layers of strlps are provlded and a strlp of one layer overlaps a cooperatlng strlp of the other layer so that sald support belt ls structured and arranged to wlthstand the transverse and longltudlnal forces to whlch the belt ls to be put whlle allowlng dehydratlon of a materlal carrled by the felt to occur therethrough; b) a flber belt overlylng sald support belt; and c) means operably lnterconnectlng sald flber belt and sald support belt.
From another aspect, the lnventlon provldes a method of manufacturlng an endless papermaklng felt, comprlslng the CA 0204438~ 1998-12-04 steps of: a) providlng a support-belt strlp formed from a material coheslve ln its longltudlnal and transverse dlrectlons, the strlp havlng a wldth less than the wldth of the felt when flnlshed; b) formlng a support belt by splrally wlndlng the strlp so that a flrst lateral edge thereof ls ad~olned to a second lateral edge thereof; c) overlylng a flber belt onto the support belt; and d) formlng the felt by operably lnterconnectlng the support and flber belts.
The bulld-up of the flrst support belt (and where called for of further support belts) ls lmplemented by means of a relatlve motlon between the partlcular support-belt strlps and the already bullt-up part of the felt transversely to the dlrectlon of advance of the length of materlal and ln a splral manner.
Thereby the lnventlon for the flrst tlme creates a felt whereln the partlcular support belt ls composed of one or more support-belt strlps extendlng essentlally ln the dlrectlon of advance of the felt but belng wound ln splral manner. Surprlslngly lt was found that such a support belt --compared wlth sheets of unwoven fllaments -- provldes adequate transverse stablllty. Manlfestly thls ls related to the support-belt strlps lnherently belng transversely stable and therefore belng free of the tendency to escape or shlft transversely. Moreover the transverse stablllty ls effectlvely lncreased ln that the flber belt ls connected surface-wlse wlth the strlps of support belts, especlally by 20~3~
needling. Accordingly the felt may be used also in the presence of high stresses such as occur foremost in the press part of a papermaking machine without thereby incurring ~i ?n~ional degrada-tion as compared with the felts of the species.
Moreover the felt and in particular its manufacturing method offer appreciable advantages. Because of the winding process, any problem sites in the strip of support belt are restricted to its width and will not extend to the whole felt width.
As a result the generation of vibrations is much reduced and even eliminated. This makes it possible too to provide a sequence of support-belt strips with different properties because then the ensuing problem sites are localized to the width of the particular support-belt strip. As a result many variations are possible in designing the support belt. Illustratively one may vary the permeability across the felt width in response to requirements.
Again the chemical outfitting may be made to differ in order to produce special properties at required, particular sites.
Besides the substantially improved properties and the possibility of variations relating to the felt, there are also substantial advantages when manufacturing this felt. Independently _ g _ -' 20443~
of the width of the finished felt, a weaving or knitting machine of correspondingly slight width suffices in the manufacture of the strip of support belt. Such machines both are economical and more rapid. Moreover for the first time it is possible to make very wide felts, such as are used in high-output papermaking machines, with a support belt in one knitting. The support-belt ~trips may be produced in great lengths and therefore without machine changeover on feed rolls, whereby manufacture again is more economical and more flexible. Similar conditions of course also apply to the manufacture of support-belt strips made from foils, spun-fiber webs or compound sheets of unwoven filaments.
As regards the manufacture proper of the felt, the supply rolls are correspondingly called on and thereupon are fed 'o equipment known in principle from the initially cited documents tGerman patent documents A 23 24 985; A 39 37 652 and B 1 660 765:
European patent document B 0 123 969). The manufacture of the felt composed of support belt and fiber belt can be carried out in this equipment in one operational step, whereby again the production costs are appreciably lower than for conventional felts. Practi-cally no limits are set on the felt width, that is, very wide felts 204~3~5 can be made regardless of the width and structure of the particular support-belt strip. Moreover no particular steps are required to adjust such width because manufacture mersly stops when the final widt:h of the felt has been reached.
The invention provides that the support belt, or at least one support belt be composed of several layers of superposed support-belt strips. This makes it possible to impart different properties to the individual layars of the support belt by utilizing corresponding support-belt strips. If this is not required, the lo support belt, or at least one support belt, may be formed by a support-belt strip which is wound in several superposed layers.
The support-belt strip or at least one support-belt strip may be wound in spiral form in such manner that the particular support-belt strips adjoin each other. The result iB an espec~ally uniform support-belt structure across the width of the felt. As an alternative, the adjoining coil segments of the particular support-belt strip also may partly overlap. Especially good stability is achieved thereby, in particular when the overlapping segments are needled to the flber belt.
20~438~
As regards multi-layer support belts, at least one layer with overlapping support-belt strips and one layer with non-overlapping ones may be combined preferably in such a way that the longitudinal edges of the support-belt strips shall not bs one above the other, ie, they shall be mutually offset.
The felt of the invention may bQ built up in arbitrary manner. Illustratively several support belts separated by one fiber belt may be provided. The felt furthermore may comprise a fibar belt on both sides, and it may comprise also fiber belts built up in several layers.
In another feature of the invention, the fiber belt or at least one fiber belt is composed of at least one fiber-belt strip of which the width is lesser than that of the felt, said fiber-belt strip(s) being continuously wound in the direction of advance of the felt and spiraling transversely to this direction. Accordingly in the invention the fiber belt -- or where several fiber belts are concerned, at least one and possibly all -- shall be built up in the same way as the support belt. The fiber belt construction offers : several advantages. On one hand the fiber-belt strip can be manufactured on a small machine of corresponding width and can be 2~4~38a kept ready in the form of supply rolls. On the other hand the ensuing felt manufacture -- once all fiber belts have been corre-spondingly built up -- can take place in a machine and therefore especially econ~mically.
Appropriately the fiber-belt strip, or at least one of them, from which is constructed a fiber belt adjoining a support belt, shall be wound as a spiral in such manner that the fibQr-belt strip i8 connected each time with two ad~acent turn seqmQnts of the support-belt strip. This arrangement reinforces the transverse stability of the felt. Where especially high requirements are placed on felt surface quality, appropriately at least one side of the fiber belt forming a side of the felt is continuous, that is, it is not built up from a fiber-belt strip.
The method of the invention already sketched in principle above presumes the manufacture of a belt of material for the construction of the support belt, with the support-belt strip being affixed to said belt of material which can be moved in the direction of advance. This belt of material may be different depending on the desired felt con~truction. Illustratively first a fiber belt may be made separately as wide as the finished felt, for instance on a 20~43~
needling machine and this fiber belt then shall be pulled over the basically known machine to rotate it in the direction of advance.
Thereupon the first support-belt strip can be affixed to this fiber belt. However it is possible too to manufacture the length of material as a belt-strip of a width less than that of the finished felt and to remove the strip of belt material at the latest when the felt is finished. ~he support-belt strip or several can be affixed at the beginning of the support-belt construction to -aaid strip of belt material. The strip of belt material illustratively may be a waste or reject material of arbitrary structure.
As an alternative however the belt of material may be built-up in combined manner, namely from a strip of material belt of lesser width than that of the finished felt and from at least one fiber-bQlt strip affixed theretQ of which the width~s) shall be also less than that of the finished felt. In the process the strip(s) of fiber belt are built up as a spiral into a fiber belt by being introduced continuously and with relative motion transversely to the direction of advance between strip(s) of fiber belt and the already built-up part of the fiber belt. In this case the belt of material therefore consists of strip of belt material which shall be removed ~04~385 following manufacture and further of a strip of fiber belt which is being built up by spirally winding it into a fiber belt. The support-belt strip is then affixed to said fiber belt in order to build up the support belt, such fastening taking place simultaneous-ly with or directly after the connection of the fiber-belt strip to the strip of material-belt, or only after the fiber belt has been made. Following removal of the material-belt strip, a felt consisting of a support belt and an external ~i~er belt is then obtained.
lo As already mentioned, there is the possibility already to provide further fiber belts built-up from fiber-belt strips in the manner described above in order to carry out the manufacture in a machine. Where the fiber-belt strips and the support-belt strips are introduced adjoining each other, they should be supplied offset transversely to the direction of advance in such manner that each time the fiber-belt strip shall be located above ~o ad~oining support-belt strips. As a result the felt transverse stability shall be reinforced. The supply also may be carried out in such a way that each time one multi-layer support belt and/or one multi-layer fiber belt are being built up, either by introducing sQveral 2~3~
support-belt strips and/or fiber-belt strips, or by ~ne support-bQlt strip or fiber-belt strip shall be wound in superposed manner transversely to the direction of advance by means of at least a single reversal of the relative motion between the support-belt strip or the fiber-belt strip and the already built-up part of the fQlt .
Moreover the supply of support-belt strips and/or fiber-belt strips may be such that the lonqitudinal edges always shall be adjoining or that the turn segments shall partly overlap. As regards multi-layer fiber-web belts and/or support belts, these two alternatives also may combined with each other by layers.
Obviously it is also possible when in the presence of co~Le~onding requirements that additionally at least one additional fiber belt be separately manufactured in the width of the f;n;she~
belt and that then it shall be deposited on and affixed to the top and~or the bottom side of thQ built-up part of the felt. Again several support belts may be built up by win~ing support-belt strips in spiral manner, a fiber belt being constructed each time between the support belts by winding fiber-belt strips in spiral manner.
204~38~
Especially effective connection of fiber belt to support belt and hardly affecting the felt structure can be carried out in known manner by needling, which may take place strip-wise or alraady during the construction of the support belt and/or fiber belt by providing the implementing equipment with a corresponding needling device.
The invention is elucidated in the drawing by means of illustrative embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic sideview, and Fig. 2 is a topview of equipment for making a felt, and Figs. 3 through 7 are various, schematic embodiments of felts.
The equipment 1 shown in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises two advance rollers 2, 3 rotating on horizontal shafts 4, 5 nnd horizontally apart. The advance rollers 2, 3 ComprisQ grooves illustratively denoted by 6, 7 parallel to the shafts 4, 5 and distributed over the surfaces, which guide the drive ch~n~
illustratively denoted by 8, 9. These drive chains bear needle elements illustratively denoted by 10, 11 projecting above the ; - 17 -204~38~
surfaces of the advance rollers 2, 3. The advancQ rollers 2, 3 rotate in the directions of arrows A.
The ~quipment 1 comprisQs two fQed or supply devices 12, 13. A total of four supply rolls 14, 15, 16, 17 are supported ;n the upper feed device 12 so as to be rotatabla in the direction of the shown arrows, namely two adjacent upper supply rolls 14, 15 and again two adjacent lower supply rolls 16, 17. Each supply roll 14, 15, 16, 17 comprises one pivot shank 18, 19, 20, 21 each recelvln~
a wound belt strip 22, 23, 24, 25. Guide rollers 26, 27, 28 assure problem-free guidance of the unwound belt strip 22, 23, 24, 25.
A carding device feeding a fiber web may be provided in addition to the supply rolls 14, 15, 16, 17.
The second supply means 13 is mounted at the lower sida of the equipment. It comprises two adjacent aupply or feed rolls 29, 30 consisting here too of the pivot shanks 31, 32 and the belt strips 33, 34 mounted on them. Guide rollers 35, i6 serve to support the unwound belt strips 33, 34.
~he equipment 1 further includes a needling machine 37 of which merely the needle bars 38, 39, 40 are shown here. The needle bars 38, 39, 40 are mounted one above the other and are vertically 20~385 displaceable. A n~e~le bar 38 is present in the upper part of equipment 1, whereas the lower p~rt comprises two nee~le bars 39, 40 moving in opposite directions.
Depending on the desired construction of the felt being made by the equipment 1, fiber-belt strips or support-belt strips may be used as the belt strips 22, 23, 24, 25, 33, 34. The fiber-belt strips then consist of a f~ber web which may evince differQnt fiber orientations, finenesses and fiber densities, whereas the support-belt strips may evince different structures, for instance being woven, knit, spun-fiber web, foil and or strips of composite sheets of unwoven filaments.
At the beginning of manufacturing, first a strip of belt-material is pulled onto the two advance rollers 2, 3 up to about the feed-level of the supply rolls 14, 15, 16, 17, 29, 30. This strip of belt material illustratively may be a strip of woven rQ~Qct.
Thereupon the individual belt strips 22, 23, 24, 25, 33, 34 are mounted by their butt ends to this strip of belt material. Next the two advance rollers 2, 3 and thereby the strip of belt material are displaced in the direction of advance whereby the belt strips 22, 23, 24, 25, 33, 34 are taken off the supply rolls 14, 15, 16, 17-20~3~
29, 30 and come to rest on the strip of belt material. Simulta-neously the needling machine 37 is actuated so that the individual belt: strips 22, 23, 24, 25, 33, 34 are needled together, that is, the fibers of the fiber-belt strips penetrate the support-belt strips.
On account of the rotation of the advance rollors 2, 3 the drive chains 8, 9 also are set in motion in the directions of the arrows B. Consequently the strip of belt-material and thereby also that part 41 of the belt already built up on it are moved along.
Because of the relative motion between this felt part 41 and the belt strips 22, 23, 24, 25, 33, 34, the latter are spirally wound on the advance rollers 2, 3 at a pitch corresponding to the speed of the drive chains 8, 9.
The process continues until the felt has att~ine~ its final width. The belt strips 22, 23, 24, 25, 33, 34 then are out off. The finished felt i5 taken off the advance rollers 2, 3 by again operating the drive chains 8, 9. Following the removal of the felt, the strip of belt material that was used in merely accessory manner is separated. Thereupon the felt either is finished or may be used for further processing, for instance in order to needle, in 204~38~
a suitable machine, a further fiber belt which already initially evinced the felt width.
Obviously variations of the shown equipment 1 are conceivable. Illustratively the individual supply rolls 14, 15, 16, 17, 29, 30 also may be mutually offset so that the belt strips 22, 23, 24, 25, 33, 34 shall be fed at a corresponding offset, with espQcial advantagQs for tranSVQrSQ stability. Again not all supply rolls 14, 15, 16, 17, 29, 30 need be present. Moreover the distance between the advance rollers 2, 3 is adjustable so that felts of different lengths also can be made.
Figs. 3 through 7 show various embodiment modes of felts made on equipment 1, the views being transverse to the direction of advance. In the embodiment of Fig. 3, the felt 42 comprises a lower fiber belt 43 and an upper fiber belt 44, a support belt 45 being mounted between the two fiber belts 43, 44. The lower fiber belt 44 was made in conventlonal manner, that ie, ~eparately and in the anticipated final width of the felt 42, thereupon being needled in a needle machine to the lower side of the combination of fiber belt 44 and support belt 45.
20~3~
The fiber belt 44 and the support belt 45 were manufac-tured in the equipment 1 of Figs. 1 and 2. The speed of the drive chains 8, 9 was set so low that the individual turns of the support-belt strip 46 partly overlap as schematically shown by the Z-representation of the support-bQlt strip 46. The uppQr fiber belt 44 is built up in corresponding spiral manner. Needling imparts an extensively homogeneous structure to this fiber belt 44. Because of the needling both of the upper and lower fiber belts 43, 44 to the support belt 45, the individual turns of the support-belt strip 46 cannot shift relative to each other. As a result and on account of the stability proper of the support-belt strip 46 in the transverse direction the felt 42 is endowed with adequate transverse stability.
The felt 47 shown in Fig. 4 also comprises a lower and upper fiber belt 48, 49 corresponding to the fiber belts 43, 44 of the felt 42. The sandwiched support belt 50 is composed of two layers by supplying two support-belt strips 51, 52 one above the other in simultaneous or sequential manner. The speed of the drive chains 8, 9 was set high enough that the individual turns o~ the support-belt strips 51, 52 do not overlap in this case, rather their longitudinal edges butt against each other. Moreover the support-2 0 ~
belt strips 51, 52 are supplied in such manner as to be mutunlly offset, that is, the longitudinal edges of the turns of the lower support-belt strip 52 are offset relative to those of the upper support-belt strip 51. By needling the fiber belts 48, 49 to the support belt 50, adequate transverse stability is achieved in this case too.
The felt 53 shown in Fig. 5 comprises three superposed fiber belts 54, 55, 56 with a support belt sandwiched between them each time. The lower fiber belt 54 was made and needled convention-ally in the manner of the lower fiber belts 43, 48 of the felts 42, 47. The central and upper fiber belts 55, 56 were built up in the equipment 1 of Figs. 1 and 2 by the spiral deposition of a fiber-belt strip. The same applies also to the support belts 57, 58 built up from support-belt strips 59, 60 by having been fed to the equipment 1 of Figs. 1 and 2. This took place each time in such a way that the turns of the support-belt strips 5g, 60 are abutting.
The support-belt strips 59, 60 were fed-in offset relative to each other so that the longitudinal edges are not located one above the other. The individual layers of the felt 53 were connected by needling the fiber belts 54, 55, 56 to the support belts 57, 58.
20~3~
The felt 61 shown in Fig. 6 comprises a lower fiber belt 62 and an upper fiber belt 63. The lower fiber belt 62 was needled subsequently following separate manufacture, whereas the upper fiber belt 63 was built up in the equipment 1 of Fiqs. 1 and 2 by spirally winding a fiber-belt strip. A support belt is enclosed between the two fiber belts 62, 63 and is composed of two layQrs. The lower layer of the support belt 64 is formed by a support-belt strip 65 wound in the same manner as the support-belt 46. Accordingly the individual turns of the support-belt strip 65 are overlapping. The upper layer of the support belt 64 on the other hand is composed of a support-belt strip 66 of which the individual turns adjoin each other, that is they are abutting and do not overlap. Both support-belt strips 65, 66 are mutually so offset that their longit-~A~n edges are not one above the other.
lS The felt 67 shown in Fig. 7 comprisQs a lower fiber belt 68, a middle fiber belt 69 and an upper fiber belt 70. The lower fiber belt 6~ was made conventionally and separately and then was needled to the others. The above part of the felt 67 was built up in the equipment 1 as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
- 2~ -20~3~
Each time a support belt 71, 72 i5 sandwiched between the fiber belts 68, 69, 70. The lower support belt 71 is composed of two support-belt strips 73, 74, the turns of the lower support-belt strip 73 being abutting whereas the turns of the upper support-belt strip 74 are overlapping. The upper support belt 72 is so built up from a support-belt strip 75 that its turns are ad~oining without overlap. The connection between the individual layers is accom-plished by needling the fiber belts 68, 69, 70.
Obviously felts of different designs also may be made with the equipment 1 of Figs. 1 and 2. Illustratively the partlcular lower fiber belt can be built up in the equipment 1 from one or more fiber-be~t strips. However a plurality of support belts with , overlapping turns may be superposed too. In particular when the felt is being manufactured in the equipment 1 of Figs. 1 and 2, no practical limits are set on the width, that is, not even on extrem~
widths for which the heretofore available wide apparatus for making the support belt(s) and fiber belts cannot be used, in particular when the support belt(s) are in the form of woven or knit materials.
Claims (48)
1. A papermaking-machine felt, comprising:
a) a support belt comprised of a plurality of cooperating support belt strips, each strip having a width less than the width of the felt and formed from a woven or knitted material and said strips being progressively wound both in the direction of advance of the felt and transverse thereto so that at least two layers of strips are provided and a strip of one layer overlaps a cooperating strip of the other layer so that said support belt is structured and arranged to withstand the transverse and longitudinal forces to which the belt is to be put while allowing dehydration of a material carried by the felt to occur therethrough;
b) a fiber belt overlying said support belt; and c) means operably interconnecting said fiber belt and said support belt.
a) a support belt comprised of a plurality of cooperating support belt strips, each strip having a width less than the width of the felt and formed from a woven or knitted material and said strips being progressively wound both in the direction of advance of the felt and transverse thereto so that at least two layers of strips are provided and a strip of one layer overlaps a cooperating strip of the other layer so that said support belt is structured and arranged to withstand the transverse and longitudinal forces to which the belt is to be put while allowing dehydration of a material carried by the felt to occur therethrough;
b) a fiber belt overlying said support belt; and c) means operably interconnecting said fiber belt and said support belt.
2. The felt of claim 1, wherein:
a) each of said strips overlies a directly adjacent strip so that said overlying strips define said layers.
a) each of said strips overlies a directly adjacent strip so that said overlying strips define said layers.
3. The felt of claim 2, wherein:
a) said strips of each layer comprise a continuous length.
a) said strips of each layer comprise a continuous length.
4. The felt of claim 1, wherein:
a) an edge of a strip abuts an edge of an adjacent strip so that said abutting strips define one of said layers.
a) an edge of a strip abuts an edge of an adjacent strip so that said abutting strips define one of said layers.
5. The felt of claim 4, wherein:
a) said strips of said one layer comprise a continuous length.
a) said strips of said one layer comprise a continuous length.
6. The felt of claim 1, wherein:
a) an edge of one belt strip of one layer abuts an edge of an adjacent strip of said one layer.
a) an edge of one belt strip of one layer abuts an edge of an adjacent strip of said one layer.
7. The felt of claim 6, wherein:
a) a belt strip of said other layer overlies a belt strip of said other layer.
a) a belt strip of said other layer overlies a belt strip of said other layer.
8. The felt of claim 1, wherein:
a) a belt strip of said one layer overlies an adjacent belt strip of said one layer.
a) a belt strip of said one layer overlies an adjacent belt strip of said one layer.
9. The felt of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein:
a) a second fiber belt is disposed between said layers of said support belt.
a) a second fiber belt is disposed between said layers of said support belt.
10. The felt of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein:
a) each strip is formed from a woven material.
a) each strip is formed from a woven material.
11. The felt of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein said interconnecting means includes a) needling said fiber belt into said support belt.
12. The felt of claim 1, wherein:
a) a second fiber belt underlies said support belt.
a) a second fiber belt underlies said support belt.
13. The felt of claim 1, wherein:
a) the strips of said one layer are in edgewise abutting contact, and said edgewise abutting strips overlie the strips of said other layer.
a) the strips of said one layer are in edgewise abutting contact, and said edgewise abutting strips overlie the strips of said other layer.
14. A papermaking-machine felt, comprising:
a) a support belt comprised of a plurality of cooperating support-belt strips, with each strip having a width less than the width of the felt and said strips progressively wound both in the direction of advance of the felt and transverse thereto so that at least first and second belt layers are provided and the strips of said first layer overlap the strips of said second layer, each strip formed from a woven or knitted material and said support belt structured and arranged to withstand the transverse and longitudinal forces to which the felt is to be put while allowing dehydration of material carried by the felt to occur therethrough;
b) a fiber belt overlying said support belt; and c) means operably interconnecting said fiber and support belts.
a) a support belt comprised of a plurality of cooperating support-belt strips, with each strip having a width less than the width of the felt and said strips progressively wound both in the direction of advance of the felt and transverse thereto so that at least first and second belt layers are provided and the strips of said first layer overlap the strips of said second layer, each strip formed from a woven or knitted material and said support belt structured and arranged to withstand the transverse and longitudinal forces to which the felt is to be put while allowing dehydration of material carried by the felt to occur therethrough;
b) a fiber belt overlying said support belt; and c) means operably interconnecting said fiber and support belts.
15. The felt of claim 14, wherein:
a) an edge of one strip of said first layer abuts an edge of an adjacent strip thereof.
a) an edge of one strip of said first layer abuts an edge of an adjacent strip thereof.
16. The felt of claim 14, wherein:
a) one strip of said first layer overlies a strip of said second layer so that said overlying strips thereby provide said first and second layers.
a) one strip of said first layer overlies a strip of said second layer so that said overlying strips thereby provide said first and second layers.
17. The felt of claim 14, wherein:
a) each layer is comprised of a plurality of support belt strips.
a) each layer is comprised of a plurality of support belt strips.
18. The felt of claim 17, wherein:
a) an edge of one strip of said first layer abuts an edge of an adjacent strip of said first layer.
a) an edge of one strip of said first layer abuts an edge of an adjacent strip of said first layer.
19. The felt of claim 17, wherein:
a) a strip of said first layer overlies an adjacent strip of said first layer.
a) a strip of said first layer overlies an adjacent strip of said first layer.
20. The felt of claim 18, wherein:
a) a strip of said first layer overlies a strip of said second layer.
a) a strip of said first layer overlies a strip of said second layer.
21. The felt of any one of claims 14 to 20, further comprising a) a second fiber belt disposed between said first and second layers.
22. The felt of any one of claims 14 to 21, wherein:
a) said interconnecting means includes needling said fiber belt to said support belt.
a) said interconnecting means includes needling said fiber belt to said support belt.
23. The felt of any one of claims 14 to 22, wherein a) said fiber belt comprises a plurality of adjacently disposed fiber strips.
24. The felt of any one of claims 14 to 23, wherein:
a) a second fiber belt underlies said support belt.
a) a second fiber belt underlies said support belt.
25. A felt for papermaking machine, comprising:
a) a support belt comprised of first and second belt layers, each layer formed from a woven or knitted strip permitting dehydration of material carried by the felt to occur therethrough;
b) each strip has a width less than the width of the felt;
c) said strips are progressively wound in the direction of advance of the felt and transverse thereto so that the strip of said first layer overlaps the strip of said second layer;
d) a fiber belt overlying said support belt; and e) said fiber and support belts being needled together.
a) a support belt comprised of first and second belt layers, each layer formed from a woven or knitted strip permitting dehydration of material carried by the felt to occur therethrough;
b) each strip has a width less than the width of the felt;
c) said strips are progressively wound in the direction of advance of the felt and transverse thereto so that the strip of said first layer overlaps the strip of said second layer;
d) a fiber belt overlying said support belt; and e) said fiber and support belts being needled together.
26. The felt of claim 25, wherein:
a) the strips of said other layer are in mutually overlapping disposition.
a) the strips of said other layer are in mutually overlapping disposition.
27. The felt of claim 25, wherein:
a) a second fiber belt is disposed between said first and second layers.
a) a second fiber belt is disposed between said first and second layers.
28. A method of manufacturing an endless papermaking felt, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a support-belt strip formed from a material cohesive in its longitudinal and transverse directions, the strip having a width less than the width of the felt when finished;
b) forming a support belt by spirally winding the strip so that a first lateral edge thereof is adorned to a second lateral edge thereof;
c) overlying a fiber belt onto the support belt; and d) forming the felt by operably interconnecting the support and fiber belts.
a) providing a support-belt strip formed from a material cohesive in its longitudinal and transverse directions, the strip having a width less than the width of the felt when finished;
b) forming a support belt by spirally winding the strip so that a first lateral edge thereof is adorned to a second lateral edge thereof;
c) overlying a fiber belt onto the support belt; and d) forming the felt by operably interconnecting the support and fiber belts.
29. The method of claim 28, including the step of:
a) spirally winding the strip so that the first lateral edge overlaps the second lateral edge.
a) spirally winding the strip so that the first lateral edge overlaps the second lateral edge.
30. The method of claim 28, including the step of:
a) spirally winding the strip so that the first lateral edge abuts the second lateral edge.
a) spirally winding the strip so that the first lateral edge abuts the second lateral edge.
31. The method of claim 28, including the step of:
a) providing the support-belt strip from a material which is one of knitted, woven, and spun-fiber web.
a) providing the support-belt strip from a material which is one of knitted, woven, and spun-fiber web.
32. The method of claim 31, including the step of:
a) providing the support-belt strip from a material which is one of knitted and woven.
a) providing the support-belt strip from a material which is one of knitted and woven.
33. The method of claim 28, including the step of:
a) operably interconnecting the support and fiber belts by needling.
a) operably interconnecting the support and fiber belts by needling.
34. The method of claim 28, including the steps of:
a) overlying the support belt onto a second fiber belt;
and b) operably interconnecting the support belt to the second fiber belt.
a) overlying the support belt onto a second fiber belt;
and b) operably interconnecting the support belt to the second fiber belt.
35. A method of manufacturing an endless belt structure, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a support belt length formed from a material cohesive in its longitudinal and transverse directions, the length having a width less than the finished width of the belt structure;
b) forming a support belt adapted to withstand the longitudinal and transverse forces to which the structure is to be put by progressively winding the length in the direction of advance of the structure and transverse thereto, so that at least two layers of strips are thereby provided and a strip of one layer is superposed to a cooperating strip of the other layer;
c) overlying another belt onto the support belt; and d) forming the belt structure by operably interconnecting the support and another belt.
a) providing a support belt length formed from a material cohesive in its longitudinal and transverse directions, the length having a width less than the finished width of the belt structure;
b) forming a support belt adapted to withstand the longitudinal and transverse forces to which the structure is to be put by progressively winding the length in the direction of advance of the structure and transverse thereto, so that at least two layers of strips are thereby provided and a strip of one layer is superposed to a cooperating strip of the other layer;
c) overlying another belt onto the support belt; and d) forming the belt structure by operably interconnecting the support and another belt.
36. The method of claim 35, including the step of:
a) progressively winding the support-belt length so that a strip of one layer overlaps a cooperating strip of the other layer.
a) progressively winding the support-belt length so that a strip of one layer overlaps a cooperating strip of the other layer.
37. The method of claim 35, including the step of:
a) progressively winding the support-belt length so that the strips of one layer abut.
a) progressively winding the support-belt length so that the strips of one layer abut.
38. The method of claim 35, including the step of a) providing a fiber belt as the another belt.
39. The method of claim 35, including the step of:
a) operably interconnecting the support and another belt by needling.
a) operably interconnecting the support and another belt by needling.
40. The method of claim 38, including the steps of:
a) providing a second fiber belt; and b) positioning the second fiber belt between the layers of the support belt.
a) providing a second fiber belt; and b) positioning the second fiber belt between the layers of the support belt.
41. The method of claim 35, including the step of:
a) providing a support belt formed from a material which is one of knitted and woven.
a) providing a support belt formed from a material which is one of knitted and woven.
42. A method of manufacturing a support belt, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a support-belt length formed from a material cohesive in its longitudinal and transverse directions, the length having a width less than the finished width of the belt; and b) progressively winding the length in the direction of advance of the belt and transverse thereto so that at least two layers of strips are formed, and a strip of one layer is superposed to a cooperating strip of the other layer.
a) providing a support-belt length formed from a material cohesive in its longitudinal and transverse directions, the length having a width less than the finished width of the belt; and b) progressively winding the length in the direction of advance of the belt and transverse thereto so that at least two layers of strips are formed, and a strip of one layer is superposed to a cooperating strip of the other layer.
43. The method of claim 42, including the step of:
a) progressively winding the length so that the strip of one layer overlaps a cooperating strip of the other layer.
a) progressively winding the length so that the strip of one layer overlaps a cooperating strip of the other layer.
44. The method of claim 42, including the step of:
a) progressively winding the length so that the strip of one layer overlaps a directly adjacent strip of the other layer and so that the overlying strips thereby define the layers.
a) progressively winding the length so that the strip of one layer overlaps a directly adjacent strip of the other layer and so that the overlying strips thereby define the layers.
45. The method of claim 42, including the step of:
a) providing a length formed from a material which is one of woven, knitted, and spun-fiber web.
a) providing a length formed from a material which is one of woven, knitted, and spun-fiber web.
46. The method of claim 45, including the step of:
a) providing a length formed from a woven or knitted material.
a) providing a length formed from a woven or knitted material.
47. The method of claim 42, including the step of:
a) progressively winding the length so that the strips of one layer are in edgewise abutting contact, and the edgewise abutting strips overlie the strips of the other layer.
a) progressively winding the length so that the strips of one layer are in edgewise abutting contact, and the edgewise abutting strips overlie the strips of the other layer.
48. A method of manufacturing a press felt for use in a papermaking machine, said press felt having a base fabric which is made of yarn material and is endless in a machine direction of the press felt, and at least one layer of fiber material arranged on the base fabric, said method comprising the steps of a) manufacturing a fabric strip of yarn material, said fabric strip having longitudinal threads in a longitudinal direction of said fabric strip and presenting a width which is smaller than a width of the base fabric;
b) spirally winding said fabric strip of yarn material, to form in the base fabric a layer of fabric of yarn material, the longitudinal threads of the spirally-wound fabric strip of yarn material making an angle with said machine direction of the press felt; and c) fixing said at least one layer of fiber material to the base fabric.
b) spirally winding said fabric strip of yarn material, to form in the base fabric a layer of fabric of yarn material, the longitudinal threads of the spirally-wound fabric strip of yarn material making an angle with said machine direction of the press felt; and c) fixing said at least one layer of fiber material to the base fabric.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4018907 | 1990-06-13 | ||
| DEP4018907.4 | 1990-06-13 |
Publications (2)
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| CA2044385A1 CA2044385A1 (en) | 1991-12-14 |
| CA2044385C true CA2044385C (en) | 1999-06-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CA002044385A Expired - Lifetime CA2044385C (en) | 1990-06-13 | 1991-06-12 | Felt, in particular a papermaking-machine felt, and method for its manufacture |
Country Status (9)
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| EP (1) | EP0464258B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE135430T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2044385C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE9007400U1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0464258T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2085318T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI96704C (en) |
| MX (1) | MX173319B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO180647C (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE468602B (en) * | 1990-12-17 | 1993-02-15 | Albany Int Corp | PRESS FILT AND WAY TO MANUFACTURE THEM |
| ES2170976T3 (en) * | 1998-04-02 | 2002-08-16 | Heimbach Gmbh Thomas Josef | TEXTILE BAND SPECIALLY USABLE AS A BASE FOR COATINGS OF PAPER MACHINES. |
| US6240608B1 (en) * | 1999-04-12 | 2001-06-05 | Albany International Corp. | Method for joining nonwoven mesh products |
| US6723208B1 (en) * | 2000-10-05 | 2004-04-20 | Albany International Corp. | Method for producing spiral wound paper machine clothing |
| GB0025514D0 (en) * | 2000-10-18 | 2000-11-29 | Voith Fabrics Heidenheim Gmbh | Papermachine clothing |
| PT1209283E (en) | 2000-11-23 | 2004-05-31 | Heimbach Gmbh Thomas Josef | TISSUE TAPE PARTICULARLY MACHINE PAPER COVERAGE |
| FI110133B (en) | 2000-12-18 | 2002-11-29 | Tamfelt Oyj Abp | A method of making a press felt and a press felt |
| US6630223B2 (en) | 2001-01-26 | 2003-10-07 | Albany International Corp. | Spirally wound shaped yarns for paper machine clothing and industrial belts |
| US6565713B2 (en) * | 2001-02-03 | 2003-05-20 | Albany International Corp. | Laminated structure for paper machine press fabric and method making |
| DE10140864A1 (en) * | 2001-08-21 | 2003-03-06 | Truetzschler Gmbh & Co Kg | Device for needling a conveyable nonwoven fabric |
| ES2372111T3 (en) | 2006-03-21 | 2012-01-16 | Heimbach Gmbh & Co. Kg | PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING A FELT TAPE AND FELT TAPE. |
| US20090047496A1 (en) * | 2007-08-16 | 2009-02-19 | Hansen Robert A | Multilayer fabric and manufacturing method thereof |
| DE502007007083D1 (en) | 2007-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | Heimbach Gmbh & Co Kg | Process for producing a machine felt and machine felt |
| DE102008002398A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 | 2009-12-17 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Manufacturing an endless belt for a machine for the production of web material such as paper/cardboard, comprises producing coil-like windings from winding structures, where intermediate space is formed between the coils of the structures |
| WO2010057802A2 (en) | 2008-11-19 | 2010-05-27 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Paper machine covering and method for the production thereof |
| DE102009028215B3 (en) | 2009-08-04 | 2010-09-09 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Combination of a press felt with a press roll cover and / or a suction roll cover for a paper machine |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE307447B (en) * | 1968-03-11 | 1969-01-07 | Nordiska Maskinfilt Ab | |
| FI53844C (en) * | 1972-06-27 | 1978-08-10 | Tampereen Verkatehdas Oy | FOERFARANDE FOER TILLVERKNING AV EN NAOLAD AENDLOES MASKINFILT |
| DE3319241A1 (en) * | 1983-04-30 | 1984-11-15 | Thomas Josef Heimbach GmbH & Co, 5160 Düren | METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN ENDLESS TUBE FELT AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THIS METHOD |
| US4926530A (en) * | 1987-12-11 | 1990-05-22 | Morrison Berkshire, Inc. | Method for manufacturing needled felts having machine direction oriented fibers |
| AT391676B (en) * | 1988-11-22 | 1990-11-12 | Fehrer Textilmasch | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR NEEDING A FLEECE TAPE ONTO A CONTINUOUS, ENDLESS CARRIAGE TRACK |
-
1990
- 1990-06-13 DE DE9007400U patent/DE9007400U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-13 ES ES90124010T patent/ES2085318T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-13 DK DK90124010.1T patent/DK0464258T3/en active
- 1990-12-13 DE DE59010202T patent/DE59010202D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-13 EP EP90124010A patent/EP0464258B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-12-13 AT AT90124010T patent/ATE135430T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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1991
- 1991-06-11 FI FI912797A patent/FI96704C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-06-11 MX MX026187A patent/MX173319B/en unknown
- 1991-06-12 NO NO912253A patent/NO180647C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-06-12 CA CA002044385A patent/CA2044385C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| NO912253D0 (en) | 1991-06-12 |
| ES2085318T3 (en) | 1996-06-01 |
| NO180647B (en) | 1997-02-10 |
| FI96704B (en) | 1996-04-30 |
| ATE135430T1 (en) | 1996-03-15 |
| MX173319B (en) | 1994-02-15 |
| FI96704C (en) | 1996-08-12 |
| DE59010202D1 (en) | 1996-04-18 |
| CA2044385A1 (en) | 1991-12-14 |
| NO912253L (en) | 1991-12-16 |
| NO180647C (en) | 1997-05-21 |
| FI912797A0 (en) | 1991-06-11 |
| DE9007400U1 (en) | 1991-08-14 |
| DK0464258T3 (en) | 1996-05-28 |
| EP0464258A1 (en) | 1992-01-08 |
| EP0464258B1 (en) | 1996-03-13 |
| FI912797A (en) | 1991-12-14 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
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