20~30~3 Machi~e and segment for ¢ompa¢t ~ and/or ~rushing bulk material The invention relates to a machine for compacting and/or crushing bulk material.

A machine for hot briquetting and a segment therefore are known from an article by Bergendahl, Hans-Georg:
"Walzenpressen fur die Brikettierung von heiBem Eisenschwamm" in the offprint of Fachberichte Huttenpraxis Vol. 10/81. Two rollers which can be pressed against one another at high pressure comprise a main roller body and a roller shell which is releasably connected to the main roller body and is composed of individual segments, and the individual segments each have one single projecting lug on the front long side in the direction of rotation and one single recess on the rear long side in the direction of rotation.

In this known construction the outer faces of the projecting lugs and recesses of the seg~ents which point in the circumferential direction run to some extent at an angle to the plane thought the roller axis. As a result, at a given pressure between two rollers the maximum specific surface pressure between the segment and the main roller body is reduced. Surface pressures which are too high lead to deformations of the surface of the main roller body and cause tilting of these segments.

Fu~thermore, the product~on of these known segments, and in particular the machining of the individual segment surfaces, is relatively costly.
' The object of the present invention, therefore, is to simplify the construction of the segment whilst at the same time guaranteeing security against tilting.

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This object is achieved in the present invention with a material crushing roller for applying compressive force on bulk material and comprising a plurality of like, rigid segments in encircling relation about a roller body rotatable about an axis, each segment having between its leading and trailing ends an outer arcuate material engaging surface spanning the width of' such segment, each segment having at its least end a surface beyond which a single lug projects circumferentially in the direction of rotation, each of the lugs being of less width than that of such segment and having an outer surface extending in arcuate prolongation of and the level of the material engaging surface, a leading end surface and a pair of parallel sides, each segment having at its trailing end a surface having one recess therein, the recess having spaced sides and a base surface and being of such width as snugly to accommodate the lug of the adjacent segment, the lug and recess of each ~;
segment being symmetrical with respect to the central plane of such segment extending at right angles to the axis of rotation of the roller body, each segment being characterized in that each of the surfaces of the leading ~' and trailing ends thereof, the leading end surface of the lug, and the base surface of the recess extend radially with ~-respect to the axis,the outer surface of each of the segments and the outer surface of each of the lugs having the same radius from the axis.
.. ~ :;'', .., -In comparison with the known construction described above, ~ -the solution according to the invention - whilst offering almost the~same security against tilting - is distinguished by substantially simpler manufacture, since the individual segments are produced as simple castings and all segment surfaces can be machined in a simple manner. ;~

Further features of the invention are explained in greater detail in connection with the following description of some embodiments which are illustrated in the drawings.

- VLS:in -2a- 2023003 In the drawings:

Figure 1 shows an exploded view of a roller.

VLS:in . - 3 - 2~,3~3 1 Flxure 2 show~ a part-sectlon~l representation oP the roller along the line II-II ln ~Figure 3, Fi~ure 3 shows a slde ~iew ~ the rollor, :~
Figures 4 to 8 show to vlew~ o~ the developm~nt oi' dii'~erent embodlment~ of the segments. :~

The roller lllustrated in Flguro 1 comprlse~ ~ maln roller body 3 arranged on a ~ha~ 2 as well a~ a roller :~ shell which i~ releasably connected to the main roller body 3 ~nd composed of lndlvidual e~ments 4. Two cl amp~
ing elements 5 which engAge:laterally on the segment~ are ~ provided in each ca~e ~or flxing thç indlvidual ~exments : 15 4 on the maln roller body 3. u~ ~i :~ The be~rlng sur~aces o~ the main roller body 3 and the :; .
~egments 4 are constructed as cylindrlcal surfaces. '~

Each o~ the indlvldual scgn~nts 4 ha~ one ~lngle lu~ ~a ~:
proJecting ln t~e cireum~erential dlrect:lon on the ~ront long ~ide in the direction of rotatlon and one ~ingle~
compl:ementary recess 4b on the; re~r lon~ ~ide in the direction o~ rotation o~ thc roller 1, the lug:4a and the reces~ ~b bein8~ arranged symmetrically with respoct to ~, : the~central plane 4c oY the se~ment 4 running ~t ri ght angles to the roller axi~ la ~in this connection cf. al~o : Ylgures ~ to 8).~ ~

:: : 30 In the clrcumferential directlon the l~di~ldual segments `-4 have the part-surfaces 4r and 4~ on the slde o~ the lug 4a and the part-sur~ace~ 4h and 41 on the side o~ the , ~ .

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~ 1 reces~ 4b. The g~neratrice~ of the outer ~uriaces o~ t~e segment~ polnt in the circum~erentlal direction and are ~ormed from the part-~urf~ces ~f ~nd 4~ ~ well a9 4h and nd r~n r~dlally with respect to the roller axls tQ.

Between ~d~acent ~e~ment~ 4 o~ the roller shell there can be a cl earance o~ up to approximately lO m~, pre~erably a - clearance o~ the order o~ magnltude o~ the caqtlng toler-~oce, for example 2 to 5 mm.

A~ can al~o be seen in Figures 2 and S, the ~e~ments 4 ~nd the main roller body 3 are e~ch provlded wlth later-ally pro~ecting luæs 4d and 3a re~pectively. U-~haped clampln~ element~ which cn~age in the axial directlon on : 15 both ~ldes on the l~g~ 4d and 3a are braced together by means of ti~htenlng ~crews ~. The tightenln~ screw~ 6 Are received in axl~lly extending groove~ Sb of the main roller body 3. In this way all ~e~ments 4 ~re ~astened ~o the maiD roller body 3 ln each c~se by two clamping elements 5. However, other ~lxin~ me~ns are also possible withln the ~cope o~ the lnventlon, ~or example, shrlnk rin8~, ad~u~ting springs, r~dially arran~ed screw~
or sprlng cl lp8 tensioned wlth bolt.~

;; 25 Ad~u~ting ~pring~ are provided ~or addition fi~lng of the :;; segment~ 4 in the direc~tion o~ rotatlon. In order to recelve the ad~u~ting ~prln$~ 7, two groove~ 3c are pro-: vided per segment 4 adJacent to the two end ~ace~ o~ the main roller hody 3. The length o~ the grooves 3c corre~ponds approximately to the length o~ the reglons of - the long Ylde of the ~egment 4 laterally ad.loinlng the :

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- 1 lug 4a. The ad~uYtin~ sprinxs 7 ~et into the gTooves 3chave ~urface~ 7a inclined in t~he direction o~ rotatiou of the roller l. The ed~e ln the reglon latcrally ad~acont to the lug 4a and the be~rlng ~urf~e of thc ~egmont 4 on the m~in roller body 3 ha~ ~ correspondlng lncllnatlon.

In the normal operatlon o~ the machine the ~egment~ 4 are held on the ~n~in roller body 3 by the clampin~ elements 5. In the event of oxtreme load~ relative movemc~ts between the segments 4 and the maln roller body 3, ~o that the segment~ attempt to twl~t on the maln roller body ~inst the direction o~ travel of the roller.
These reIative movements are prevented by the ~dJu~ting ~prinB~ 7. The segments are supported on the radial 1 y ~ :
extendlng sur~aces of the adJustln$ sprin~s 7. The chamferiDg of the ad~usting sprlng~ <sur~ce 7a> is carried out Por re~sons Or space, and the cham~ered ~urPaces are al ways unstressed.

In the drawln~ ~Figure 3~ a gap ~ oi' approximately 2 mm can b~ ~een b0tween the ~eg~e~t ~ and the ad~acent ~-~
ad~usting ~prin~ 7. This gap ~ should compens~te tor settlement~ in the clamp c~nnection. Thu~ In the eve~t of extreme load~ the segment makes ~ relQtive movement of 2 nun with reQpect to the main roller body 3 and: the ~dJacent ~d~ustin~ ~pring ~nd then comes to re~t on the ad~u~ting ~pring~ which prevents any ~urther rot~ry movement. ~-~
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The lu~ 4a and the reces~ 4b of the ~e~ment illustrated in Figure 4 have ~ rect~n ~lar outer contour ~hen vlew~d ~ ;~

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- 1 ln the radlal dlrectlon. The reces-~ 4b ls de~ined by two lateral pro~ectlons ~e when vlew~d ln the ~xial direc-tlon. The axial length Or the lug 4a a~d the recess 4b ln the region of the root of t~e lug or the mouth o~ the rece~s ~orrespond~ approxi~ately to hal~ tho axlal length L o~ the segment 4. For the two lateral reglons - viewed in the axlal directlon - o~ the lug 4~ and rece~s 4b there remains ln each ca~e a quarter of the axi~l length L of the ~egment 4. The depth of the lug 4a and the recess 4b measured in the circun~erentlal directlon corresponds to an an~le in a se~ment x Or 3 to 15, preferably ~i to IO-. The depth of t~e lux~ me~sured in the circum~erential directio~ advanta8eously corre~ponds approxlmately to the arc measure Or the region betw~en the rollers in whlch the grlnding pre~sure act~.

The durabillty o~ ~e~mented rollers ls influenced declslvely by the ~ur~ace pressure betw~en the ~egment~
and main roller body 3. ~Wobblin~ of the se~ments~. The di~trlbutlon of the ~urface pressure in the bearlng sur-~ace between the ~egment~ ~ and the main roller body 3 Is influenced by the non-u~i~orm pre~sure distribution in ; the 8~P between two rollers 1 in the direction o~ the roller axis la ~nd by the orle~tatlon of the resulting grlndlng pressure with r~spect to the qe~ment 4. By means o~ the orientation of the resulting ~orce with re~pect to the segment 4 the maxim~m surface pre~sures ~nd the maxlmum tlltin8 moment occur on the side of the segment runnlng out of the gap, and the pressure ln the ~ap above the axial length of the ~egment in the central region is ~reater than in the edge reglons.
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1 In the con~truction of the ~egments ~ccording to th~ ln- ~-ventio~ the dl~ferent pres~ure stresse~ ~nd the dlfferln~
tilting ~o~ent~ on the ~ldes of the Yegme~t running into and out of the &ap are t~ken into aocount by the ~hapin~
and arrang~ment of the ~egm~nt~ 4 on the main roller body ~

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The ~e~ment~ 4 are arranged ln the direction o~ rotatlon (arrow 8> on the ~aln roller body 3 in ~uch -R way that :~
flrst o~ all the slde o~ the segment wlth the pro~ectln~ ::
lug 4a run~ into the gap ~ormed by two rollers 1.

`~ The mo~t highly stres~ed p~rt o~ the segment 4 in the . region oi the reces~ 4b ~approximately 65% of the total ~-force) runs out of the gap a~ the ~Irst part o~ the rear long side oi' the segment. In this ca~e the lateral pro-Jections 4O act as ~upports and thu~ prevent unacceptably high ~urface pressures ~9 wel l as wobbl ing o~ the segment~. Th~ ~ubsequent runnin$ out o~ the pro~ections , .~3~ -i 20 4e l~ not ~YU.U~e~l because o~ the lower pre~sure ~tre~
(approximately S5-/. of the total force~. The pressure ~tres~ o~ the inco~ing slde o~ the sexn~nt Ci.e. the ront long ~ide~ when vlewed in the direction of rotatloD
: o~ the roller> 1~ substantiaIly lower and there~ore not critical because o~ the dlrection in which the xrlnd~n~
force ~ct~. :
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In the ~urther embodiments accordlng to Fi~ures 5 to 8 the s~me reference numeral~ are ~sed ~or the same parts ~8 in Figure 4. In the embodlment accordin~ to Fl~ure S

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¦ 1 the lug 4a and the recess 4b o~ the ~egm~nt 4 are con-~tructed with ~ clrcular outer o~ontour.

In the embodlment according to Figure ~ the lu~ ~a and the rece3~ 4b have a trapezi~orm outer contour.

The segment~ lllustrated ln Figure~ 7 and 8 have an outer contour which conslst~ o~ A circular central part and strai~ht partY adJoinln~ it on both ~ldes. The straight part~ then mer~e with rounded edge~ into the tw~ lateral par~xial ,regions. The lug 4a or the recess 4b o~ the ~egment ll}ustrated ln FiRure 8 are o~ somewhat narrower constructlon by comparison with tho embodiment according to Figure 7. Otherwise the dimensions ~ccordin~ to Fig-ure 4 also apply to the embodlmsnts accordln~ to Figure~5 to 8.

The roller ~hell which ls composed of relea~able indi-vidual ~exn~e~ts makes it possible i'or one or all segments to be replaced iY required. For thls purpo~e it 1Y
merely noces~ary to remove the corre~pondlng clamping eloments.

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