CA2017636C

CA2017636C - Derivative of tissue-type plasminogen activator

Info

Publication number: CA2017636C
Application number: CA002017636A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Anne Stern; Ulrich Kohnert; Rainer Rudolph; Stephan Fischer; Ulrich Martin
Original assignee: Roche Diagnostics GmbH
Current assignee: Roche Diagnostics GmbH
Priority date: 1989-05-31
Filing date: 1990-05-28
Publication date: 2000-05-02
Anticipated expiration: 2010-05-28
Also published as: AU5600990A; DE59008693D1; CZ267690A3; HU903267D0; ZA904089B; JPH0327286A; IE901848L; EP0400545B1; HUT54734A; AU623781B2; IL94539A; DD300109A5; EP0400545A1; DE3923339A1; NO902405L; CA2017636A1; FI902700A0; IL94539A0; PT94227A; ATE119940T1

Abstract

A new tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA)-derivative is not glycosylated and has the following amino acid sequence:

(M) Ser Tyr Gln Val Ile Asp Thr Arg Ala Thr Cys Tyr Glu Asp Gln Gly 10 ~~ 15 Ile Ser Tyr Arg Gly Thr Trp Ser Thr Ala Glu Ser Gly Ala Glu Cys Thr Asn Trp Asn Ser Ser Ala Leu Ala Gln Lys Pro Tyr Ser Gly Arg 35 ~~ 40 ~~ 45 Arg Pro Asp Ala Ile Arg Leu Gly Leu Gly Asn His Asn Tyr Cys Arg 50 ~~ 55 ~~ 60 Asn Pro Asp Arg Asp Ser Lys Pro Trp Cys Tyr Val Phe Lys Ala Gly Lys Tyr Ser Ser Glu Phe Cys Ser Thr Pro Ala Cys Ser Glu Gly Asn Ser Asp Cys Tyr Phe Gly Asn Gly Ser Ala Tyr Arg Gly Thr His Ser Leu Thr Glu Ser Gly Ala Ser Cys Leu Pro Trp Asn Ser Met Ile Leu Ile Gly Lys Val Tyr Thr Ala Gln Asn Pro Ser Ala Gln Ala Leu Gly Leu Gly Lys His Asn Tyr Cys Arg Asn Pro Asp Gly Asp Ala Lys Pro 145 ~~ 150~~~155~~ 160 Trp Cys His Val Leu Lys Asn Arg Arg Leu Thr Trp Glu Tyr Cys Asp Val Pro Ser Cys Ser Thr Cys Gly Leu Arg Gln Tyr Ser Gln Pro Gln 180 ~~185 ~~ 190 Phe Arg Ile Lys Gly Gly Leu Phe Ala Asp Ile Ala Ser His Pro Trp 195 ~~ 200 ~~205 Gln Ala Ala Ile Phe Ala Lys His Arg Arg Ser Pro Gly Glu Arg Phe 210 ~~215~~ 220 Leu Cys Gly Gly Ile Leu Ile Ser Ser Cys Trp Ile Leu Ser Ala Ala 225 ~~ 230 235 ~~ 240 His Cys Phe Gln Glu Arg Phe Pro Pro His His Leu Thr Val Ile Leu Gly Arg Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Pro Gly Glu Glu Glu Gln Lys Phe Glu Val Glu Lys Tyr Ile Val His Lys Glu Phe Asp Asp Asp Thr Tyr Asp 275 280 ~~285 Asn Asp Ile Ala Leu Leu Gln Leu Lys Ser Asp Ser Ser Arg Cys Ala 290 ~~295 ~~ 300 Gln Glu Ser Ser Val Val Arg Thr Val Cys Leu Pro Pro Ala Asp Leu 305 ~~ 310 ~~315 320 Gln Leu Pro Asg Trp Thr Glu Cys Glu Leu Ser Gly Tyr Gly Lys His 325 ~~ 330 ~~335 Glu Ala Leu Ser Pro Phe Tyr Ser Glu Arg Leu Lys Glu Ala His Val 340 ~~345 ~~ 350 Arg Leu Tyr Pro Ser Ser Arg Cys Thr Ser Gln His Leu Leu Asn Arg 355 ~~ 360 ~~365 Thr Val Thr Asp Asn Met Leu Cys Ala Gly Asp Thr Arg Ser Gly Gly 370 ~~375 ~~ 380 Pro Gln Ala Asn Leu His Asp Ala Cys Gln Gly Asp Ser Gly Gly Pro 385 ~~ 390 ~~395 ~~ 400 Leu Val Cys Leu Asn Asp Gly Arg Met Thr Leu Val Gly IIe Ile Ser 405 ~~ 410 ~~415 Trp Gly Leu Gly Cys Gly Gln Lys Asp Val Pro Gly Val Tyr Thr Lys 420 ~~425 ~~ 430 Val Thr Asn Tyr Leu Asp Trp Ile Arg Asp Asn Met Arg Pro 435 ~~ 440 ~~445 and is suitable for dissolving blood clots.

Description

D a S C r 1 p t 1 O n The invention concerns a new t-PA derivative, a DNA
sequence which codes for the new t-PA derivative', expression plasmids which contain a DNA sequence which codes for the t-PA derivative as well as a process for the preparation of such plasmids, a process for the production of the t-PA derivative and an agent for dissolving blood clots which contains the t-PA
derivative.
Coagulated blood contains polymeric fibrin which is the main component of the protein matrix. Fibrin is dissolved under physiological conditions by a fibrinolytic system in a reaction cascade which is similar to that of blood coagulation. The central reaction in this is the activation of plasminogen to plasmin which is for example mediated by the tissue-type plasminogen activator t-PA.
Plasmin, in turn, dissolves fibrin which is the main component of the protein matrix of coagulated blood. The enzymatic activity of natural t-PA or t-PA obtained from eukaryotes by genetic engineering, i.e. the catalytic activation of plasminogen to plasmin, is very low in the absence of fibrin or fibrinogen cleavage products, but it can be substantially increased in the presence of these proteins, namely by more than ten-fold.
T-PA is cleaved by proteases present in the blood into an A-chain and a B-chain. Both parts of the chain remain bound via a cysteine-bridge. The ability to stimulate the activity of t-PA is a significant advantage in comparison with other known plasminogen activators such as, for example urokinase or streptokinase (cf. for example M. Hoylaerts et al., J. Biol. Chem. 257 (1982), _ g -2912-2919; W. Nieuwenhuizen et al., Biochem. Biophys.
Acta, 755 (1983), 531-533).
The mechanism of action of t-PA in vivo is described for example in Korniger and Collen, Thromb. Hamostasis 46 (1981), 561-565. The focus of enzymatic activity on the fibrin surface would seem to make it a suitable agent for the treatment of pathological vascular occlusions (for example myocardial infarction) which has been confirmed to a large extent by clinical trials (Collen et al., Circulation 70 (1984), 1012; Circulation 73 (1986), 511).
A disadvantage of t-PA is however the rapid decrease in its plasma concentration (clearance rate). As a result, a relatively large amount of t-PA is necessary to achieve an effective lysis of thrombi. On the other hand, high therapeutic doses result in side effects such as for example bleeding.
A natural degradation product of t-PA is described in EP 0 196 920 which only contains the kringle 2 and the protease domains of the t-PA, and whose N-terminal amino acid is alanine 160 of the amino acid sequence described by Pennica et al. in Nature 301 (1983), 214-221. The clearance rate of this product of t-PA degradation does not, however, differ significantly from that of the natural t-PA. An improvement of this can only be achieved by a chemical modification of the catalytic domain via attachment of a blocking group.
It is therefore the object of the invention to modify t-PA such that the resultant derivative has a much reduced clearance rate and thus a longer half-life in blood plasma. In this process the ability to lyse thrombi as well as the ability to be stimulated by fibrin should be preserved.
The object of the invention is therefore a tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA derivative, also denoted K1K2P in the Examples) which is characterized in that it is not glycosylated and consists of the following amino acid sequence:
(M) Ser Tyr Gln Val Ile Asp Thr Arg Ala Thr Cys Tyr Glu Asp Gln Gly Ile Ser Tyr Arg Gly Thr Trp Ser Thr Ala Glu Ser Gly Ala Glu Cys Thr Asn Trp Asn Ser Ser Ala Leu Ala Gln Lys Pro Tyr Ser Gly Arg Arg Pro Asp Ala Ile Arg Leu Gly Leu Gly Asn His Asn Tyr Cys Arg Asn Pro Asp Arg Asp Ser Lys Pro Trp Cys Tyr Val Phe Lys Ala Gly Lys Tyr Ser Ser Glu Phe Cys Ser Thr Pro Ala Cys Ser Glu Gly Asn Ser Asp Cys Tyr Phe Gly Asn Gly Ser Ala Tyr Arg Gly Thr His Ser Leu Thr Glu Ser Gly Ala Ser Cys Leu Pro Trp Asn Ser Met Ile Leu Ile Gly Lys Val Tyr Thr Ala Gln Asn Pro Ser Ala Gln Ala Leu Gly Leu Gly Lys His Asn Tyr Cys Arg Asn Pro Asp Gly Asp Ala Lys Pro Trp Cys His Val Leu Lys Asn Arg Arg Leu Thr Trp Glu Tyr Cys Asp Val Pro Ser Cys Ser Thr Cys Gly Leu Arg Gln Tyr Ser Gln Pro Gln Phe Arg Ile Lys Gly Gly Leu Phe Ala Asp Ile Ala Ser His Pro Trp Gln Ala Ala Ile Phe Ala Lys His Arg Arg Ser Pro Gly Glu Arg Phe Leu Cys Gly Gly Ile Leu Ile Ser Ser Cys Trp Ile Leu Ser Ala Ala His Cys Phe Gln Glu Arg Phe Pro Pro His His Leu Thr Val Ile Leu Gly Arg Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Pro Gly Glu Glu Glu Gln Lys Phe Glu Val Glu Lys Tyr Ile Val His Lys Glu Phe Asp Asp Asp Thr Tyr Asp Asn Asp Ile Ala Leu Leu Gln Leu Lys Ser Asp Ser Ser Arg Cys Ala Gln Glu Ser Ser Val Val Arg Thr Val Cys Leu Pro Pro Ala Asp Leu Gln Leu Pro Asp Trp Thr Glu Cys Glu Leu Ser Gly Tyr Gly Lys His Glu Ala Leu Ser Pro Phe Tyr Ser Glu Arg Leu Lys Glu Ala His Val Arg Leu Tyr Pro Ser Ser Arg Cys Thr Ser Gln His Leu Leu Asn Arg Thr Val Thr Asp Asn Met Leu Cys Ala Gly Asp Thr Arg Ser Gly Gly Pro Gln Ala Asn Leu His Asp Ala Cys Gln Gly Asp Ser Gly Gly Pro Leu Val Cys Leu Asn Asp Gly Arg Met Thr Leu Val Gly Ile Ile Ser Trp Gly Leu Gly Cys Gly Gln Lys Asp Val Pro Gly Val Tyr Thr Lys Val Thr Asn Tyr Leu Asp Trp Ile Arg Asp Asn Met Arg Pro It was established that, surprisingly, deletion of the other domains which are present in native t-PA had no effect on the thrombolytic efficacy of the protein and that the fibrin-dependent stimulatability of the mutein was the same as that of native t-PA.
A further object of the present invention is a DNA
sequence which codes for the t-PA derivative according to the present invention and contains the following sequence:
ATGTCTTACCAAGTGATCGATACCAGGGCCACGTGCTACGAGGACCAGGGCATCAGCTAC
AGGGGCACGTGGAGCACAGCGGAGAGTGGCGCCGAGTGCACCAACTGGAACAGCAGCGCG
TTGGCCCAGAAGCCCTACAGCGGGCGGAGGCCAGACGCCATCAGGCTGGGCCTGGGGAAC
CACAACTACTGCAGAAACCCAGATCGAGACTCAAAGCCCTGGTGCTACGTCTTTAAGGCG
GGGAAGTACAGCTCAGAGTTCTGCAGCACCCCTGCCTGCTCTGAGGGAAACAGTGACTGC
TACTTTGGGAATGGGTCAGCCTACCGTGGCACGCACAGCCTCACCGAGTCGGGTGCCTCC
TGCCTCCCGTGGAATTCCATGATCCTGATAGGCAAGGTTTACACAGCACAGAACCCCAGT
GCCCAGGCACTGGGCCTGGGCAAACATAATTACTGCCGGAATCCTGATGGGGATGCCAAG
CCCTGGTGCCACGTGCTGAAGAACCGCAGGCTGACGTGGGAGTACTGTGATGTGCCCTCC
TGCTCCACCTGCGGCCTGAGACAGTACAGCCAGCCTCAGTTTCGCATCAAAGGAGGGCTC
TTCGCCGACATCGCCTCCCACCCCTGGCAGGCTGCCATCTTTGCCAAGCACAGGAGGTCG
CCCGGAGAGCGGTTCCTGTGCGGGGGCATACTCATCAGCTCCTGCTGGATTCTCTCTGCC
GCCCACTGCTTCCAGGAGAGGTTTCCGCCCCACCACCTGACGGTGATCTTGGGCAGAACA
TACCGGGTGGTCCCTGGCGAGGAGGAGCAGAAATTTGAAGTCGAAAAATACATTGTCCAT
AAGGAATTCGATGATGACACTTACGACAATGACATTGCGCTGCTGCAGCTGAAATCGGAT
TCGTCCCGCTGTGCCCAGGAGAGCAGCGTGGTCCGCACTGTGTGCCTTCCCCCGGCGGAC
CTGCAGCTGCCGGACTGGACGGAGTGTGAGCTCTCCGGCTACGGCAAGCATGAGGCCTTG
TCTCCTTTCTATTCGGAGCGGCTGAAGGAGGCTCATGTCAGACTGTACCCATCCAGCCGC
TGCACATCACAACATTTACTTAACAGAACAGTCACCGACAACATGCTGTGTGCTGGAGAC
ACTCGGAGCGGCGGGCCCCAGGCAAACTTGCACGACGCCTGCCAGGGCGATTCGGGAGGC
CCCCTGGTGTGTCTGAACGATGGCCGCATGACTTTGGTGGGCATCATCAGCTGGGGCCTG
GGCTGTGGACAGAAGGATGTCCCGGGTGTGTACACAAAGGTTACCAACTACCTAGACTGG

The DNA sequence according to the present invention serves to express the t-PA derivative according to the present invention when it is present on an expression plasmid. An expression plasmid of this kind is a further object of the invention as well as an expression plasmid with a different DNA sequence which, however, also codes for the t-PA derivative according to the present invention. Due to the degeneracy of the genetic code sequences which differ from the DNA sequence shown are suitable for this purpose.
Besides the sequence coding for the t-PA derivative the expression plasmid preferably also contains, apart from an origin of replication, a promotor structure which can be regulated (e. g. tac promotor), an efficient terminator (e. g. fd), and a selection marker (e. g. (3-lactamase gene).
A further object of the present invention is the plasmid pA33. The preparation of this plasmid is described in Example 1; it contains a DNA sequence which codes for the t-PA derivative according to the present invention.
Yet a further object of the invention is a process for the construction of one of the expression plasmids according to the present invention, wherein a DNA
sequence which codes for the t-PA protein according to the present invention or a derivative thereof which contains further regions of the t-PA protein in addition to the kringle I, kringle II and the protease domains is incorporated into a plasmid and those domains which code for amino acids which are not present in the t-PA
derivative according to the present invention are removed or deleted by site-directed mutagenesis. The corresponding cDNA may be used as the DNA sequence for the t-PA protein or a derivative thereof.

The choice of plasmid, into which the DNA sequence coding for the t-PA derivative according to the present invention is to be incorporated, is dependent on the host cells which are later to be used to express the derivative. Suitable plasmids, as well as the minimum requirements for such a plasmid (e.g. origin of replication, restriction site) are known to the expert.
Within the scope of the invention a cosmid, the replicative double-stranded form of phages (~, M13), and other vectors known to the expert can be used instead of a plasmid. The method of site-directed mutagenesis is described by Morinaga et al., Biotechnolgy 21, (1984), 634, and is carried out essentially as described.
Yet a further object of the invention is a process for the production of a t-PA derivative according to the present invention, which is characterized in that one of the plasmids according to the present invention is expressed in suitable host cells and the,product is isolated from the culture medium or, after lysis of the host cells, from the fluid in which the lysis was carried out (e. g. buffer or also the culture medium). Prokaryotic cells are preferably used as the host cells to produce the t-PA derivative according to the present invention.
Examples of suitable prokaryotic cells include E. coli.
In this connection, it is particularly preferable to first separate or isolate the so-called "inclusion bodies" (insoluble protein aggregates) which form during this process from the soluble cell particles, to solub-ilize the inclusion bodies containing t-PA by treatment with guanidine hydrochloride, subsequently to derivatise them with oxidized glutathione and finally to renature the t-PA derivative by addition of L-arginine and guanidine hydrochloride or glutathione. Exact instruc-tions for the activation of t-PA from "inclusion bodies"
are for example disclosed in the patent applications EP-A 0 219 874 and EP-A 0 241 022. According to the present invention any other method for the isolation of the active protein from inclusion bodies can, however, be employed as well.
The process according to the present invention is preferably carried out in the presence of L-arginine, in particular in a concentration of 25 to 1000 mmol/1.
After renaturation, the t-PA derivative may be concentrated in a renaturation preparation and subsequently a chromatographic purification may be carried out by means of affinity chromatography.
The removal of foreign proteins according to the present invention by affinity chromatography is carried out in a preferred embodiment of the invention over an ETI
(Erythrina Trypsin Inhibitor) adsorber column. In this connection, ETI is fixed on a carrier material (adsorber) such as e.g. BrCN-Sepharose. The purification over an ETI
adsorber column has the advantage that the ETI adsorber column material can be loaded directly from the concentrated reoxidation preparation even in the presence of such high concentrations of arginine as 0.8 mol/1 arginine. In this way, an aggregation of p-t-PA, which can occur at low arginine concentrations under 25 mmol/1, is avoided. Thus, it is especially preferred to carry out the purification of the p-t-PA preparation over an ETI
adsorber column in the presence of 0.2 to 1.0 M, preferably 0.5 to 1.0 M arginine. In this process the solution containing the K1K2P/Pro has preferably a pH of more than 6.5, particularly preferably of more than 7.
The elution from the ETI column is effected by lowering the pH in the presence of arginine under conditions which allow a good solubility of t-PA which was expressed in prokaryotes. Preferably the pH is in the acid range during the elution, particularly preferably in the range of 4 to 6.
A preparation of K1K2P/Pro produced according to the present invention has a specific t-PA activity of >0.4x106 IU/mg, preferably >0.6x106 IU/mg whose stimulatability by fibrin cleavage products (activity in the presence of fibrinogen peptides/activity without fibrinogen peptides) is larger than ten-fold and preferably larger than twenty-fold. The purity of the preparation according to the present invention is more than 90 o and preferably more than 95 %, especially more than 98 0.
The t-PA derivative according to the present invention is therefore particularly suitable, in association with a physiologically acceptable carrier, for use in a pharmaceutical agent for dissolving blood clots which again is a further object of the invention.
The invention is elucidated by the following Example in conjunction with the Figures.
Fig. 1 shows schematically the construction of plasmid pA33.
Fig. 2 shows the time course of the plasma concentration of the t-PA activity after intravenous bolus injection of commercially available t-PA (ActilyseR), in comparison with the t-PA derivative according to the present invention in a linear graph and Fig. 3 shows the time course of the concentration in a logarithmic graph.

E x a m p 1 a 1 Construction of the plasmid pA33 The plasmid pePa133 served as the starting plasmid which is described in the application EPA 0 242 836. All experimental steps for the specific mutagenesis i.e. for the deletion of the domains F and E from pePal33 (see Fig. 1) were carried out essentially using the method of Morinaga et al., Biotechnologie 21 (1984), 634. For this, two cleavage preparations were prepared from pePa133.
Preparation A was cleaved with EcoRI and the largest fragment was isolated. Preparation B was cleaved with XhoI and in this way the product was linearized. The following oligonucleotide was used for the heteroduplex formation:
5' TAC CAA GTG ATC GAT ACC AGG GCC 3' Those clones which contained the sought-after plasmid pA33 were determined by colony hybridization with the above-mentioned mutagenesis oligonucleotide. This plasmid was characterized by restriction analysis and checked for the absence of the SspI restriction cleavage site which is located in the part of the t-PA expression cassette coding for the finger domain.

E x a m p 1 a 2 Preparation of active K1K2P/Pro from E. coli a) Cell lysis and preparation of the inclusion bodies (IB's) 1.6 kg cell wet-weight (E. coli, DSM 3689), transformed with the plasmid pA33 was suspended in 10 1 0.1 mol/1 Tris-HC1, 20 mmol/1 EDTA, pH 6.5, 4°C. 2.5 g lysozyme was added to this and incubated for 30 minutes at 4°C;
afterwards complete cell lysis was carried out by high pressure dispersion. 5 1 0.1 mol/1 Tris-HC1, 20 mmol/1 EDTA, 6 % Triton X100 and 1.5 mol/1 NaCl, pH 6.5 was added and mixed with the lysate solution and incubated for a further 30 minutes at 4°C. Following this the inclusion bodies (IB's) were separated by centrifugation.
The pellet was suspended in 10 1 0.1 mol/1 Tris-HCl, 20 mmol/1 EDTA, pH 6.5, incubated for 30 minutes at 4°C
and the IB-preparation was isolated by subsequent centrifugation.
b) Solubilization of the IB's 8.7 g IB's (wet-weight) were suspended in 100 ml 0.1 M
Tris, 6 M guanidine, 0.1 M DTE, pH 7.5 and stirred for 30 minutes at 25°C.
After adjustment of the pH to pH 3 with HCl (25 0), the solution was dialysed against 4 mol/1 guanidine-HCl, pH 2.5 (3 x 3 1, 24 h, 4°C).

c) Derivatization The above-mentioned dialysate was adjusted to 50 mmol/1 with oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and to 100 mmol/1 with Tris and the pH value was titrated to 7.5 with 5 mol/1 NaOH. The preparation was incubated for 90 min at 25°C.
After adjusting the pH value to pH 3 with HC1 (25 %), a dialysis against 10 mmol/1 HCl (3 x 100 1, 48 h, 4°C) was carried out.
d) Renaturation A 10 1 reaction vessel was filled with 0.8 mol/1 Arg/HC1, pH 8.5, 1 mmol/1 EDTA, 1 mmol/1 GSH (glutathione). The renaturation was carried out at 20°C by a three-fold addition at 24 hour intervals of 100 ml of the derivative which had previously been dialysed against 6 mol/1 guanidine-HC1, pH 2.5 .
After the renaturation a preparation is obtained with a specific activity of 50 - 75 KU/mg (test according to H.
Lill, Z. gesamte inn. Med. ihre Grenzgeb. (1987), 42, 478-486) e) Concentration of the renaturation preparation The renatured preparation can, if required, be concentrated on a haemodialyzer.

E x a m p 1 a 3 Purification of K1K2P/Pro from E. coli The purification of K1K2P/Pro from E. coli is carried out by affinity chromatography on Erythrina-Trypsin-Inhibitor (ETI)-Sepharose.
The renaturation preparation was concentrated 1 . 5 on a haemodialyzer (Asahi AM 300) and dialysed overnight against 0.8 mol/1 Arg/HC1, pH 7.5 and centrifuged. 1.8 1 dialysate was applied (4 column volumes (CV)/h) to an ETI-Sepharose column (120 ml) which had been equilibrated with 0.8 mol/1 Arg/HC1, pH 7.5 and was washed with buffer (0.8 mol/1 Arg/HC1, pH 7.5, 0:5 mol/1 NaCl) until the absorbance of the eluate at 280 nm reached the blank value for the buffer. After washing for a second time with 5 CV 0.3 mol/1 Arg/HC1, pH 7.0 the elution was carried out with 0.3 mol/1 Arg/HC1, pH 4.5.
Volume Activity CProt. SA F*
(ml) KU/ml mg/ml KU/mg dialysate 1800 74 1.05 70 15 K1K2P/Pro 200 610 0.82 744 28 *F = stimulation by fibrin = activity in the presence of fibrin/activity in the absence of fibrin.

E x a m p 1 a 4 Characterization of purified K1K2P/Pro from E. coli a) Characterization of the protein - SDS-PAGE and Reversed-Phase HPLC
The homogeneity of the preparation purified by affinity chromatography on ETI-SepharoseTM was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and reversed-phase HPLC
(RP-HPLC). An apparent molecular weight for K1K2P
from E. coli of 50800 Da + 2000 Da was calculated from the relative distance of migration in an electrophoretic analysis of the purified material.
The densitometric analysis showed a purity of > 900.
RP-HPLC is based on the different interactions of proteins with hydrophobic matrices. This property was used as an analytical method to quantify the degree of purity.
The analysis of the purified K1K2P/Pro from E.coli was carried out on a Nucleosil 300 separation column (Knauer) using a trifluoroacetic acid/acetonitrile gradient (buffer A: 1.2 ml trifluoroacetic acid in 1000 ml H20; buffer B: 300 ml H20, 700 ml acetonitrile, 1 ml trifluoroacetic acid; 0 - 100 %).
Integration of the chromatographic analysis yielded a purity of >95 %.

- N-terminal sequence The N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined using an ABI 470 sequencer with a standard programme and on-line PTH detection. The determined sequence agreed with the expected sequence deduced from the DNA-sequence.
b) Activity determination The in vitro activity of K1K2P/Pro from E. coli was determined according to H. Lill, Z. gesamte inn.
Med. ihre Grenzgeb. (1987), 42, 478-486. The specific activity (SA) was 650000 IU/mg ~ 200000 IU/mg. The stimulatability of K1K2P/Pro from E.coli in this test system by BrCN-fibrinogen fragments (activity in the presence of fibrinogen fragments divided by activity in the absence of fibrinogen fragments) was 25-30.
c) In vitro binding to fibrin The in vitro binding of K1K2P/Pro to fibrin was determined according to the method described by Higgins and Vehar (Higgins, D.L. and Vehar, G.A.
(1987), Biochem. 26, 7786-7791).
It shows that K1K2P/Pro compared to t-PA from CHO
cells has no significant binding to fibrin.

E x a m p 1 a 5 Pharmacokinetics of K1K2P/Pro in the rabbit The pharmacokinetic properties of K1K2P/Pro were compared to those of ActilyseR (Alteplase, Thomae GmbH, Biberach, FRG) in New-Zealand white rabbits. Both fibrinolytic agents were injected intravenously for 1 min at a dose of 200000 IU/kg body weight (bw). Plasma samples were taken before and at defined times after the injection. The t-PA
activity in the plasma was measured with a spectrophoto-metric test according to J. H. Verheijen et al., (Thromb.
Haemostas. 48, 266, 1982), modified according to H. Lill (Z. ges. Inn. Med. 42, 478, 1987).
A computer programme for non-linear regression modified according to H.Y. Huang (Aero-Astronautics-Report 64, Rice University, 1-30, 1969) was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. When fitting the curves, a 1 or 2 compartment model was assumed which is different from individual to individual. In each case, before the calculation, the value for the endogenous basal concentration was subtracted from the subsequent values.
K1K2P/Pro is eliminated in only 2 of 6 animals with a fast a and a slow (3 phase. In these 2 animals the alpha phase portion was 53 0 of the total elimination. In contrast, all animals in the ActilyseR group show a fast alpha phase whose portion amounts to more than 70 0 of the total elimination. K1K2P/Pro is eliminated mainly with only one half-time which is 15.1 + 3.1 min. In contrast, ActilyseR has a fast half-time of 1.63 min and a slow half-time of 10.1 min (Tab. 1). The total plasma clearance of K1K2P/Pro is 6.3 _+ 1.5 ml/kg/min and is thus considerably lower than that of ActilyseR (Cltot -22.9 + 9.1 ml/kg/min).
All in all, K1K2P/Pro represents a t-PA mutant which, in comparison with ActilyseR as the state of the art, has a clearly improved pharmokinetic profile (Fig. 2 and 3).
E x a m p 1 a 6 Pharmacodynamics of K1K2P/Pro in the rabbit The rabbit model for jugular vein thrombosis established by D. Collen et al. (J. Clin. Invest. 71, 368, 1983) was used to examine the thrombolytic efficacy. The fibrinolytic agents or the solvent were injected intravenously over 1 min as a bolus. Afterwards the rate of thrombolysis was determined and selected parameters of the coagulation system as well as the number of platelets were determined (Table 2).
At the same dose (200000 IU/kg body weight) K1K2P/Pro achieved a statistically significantly higher rate of thrombolysis of 50.7 + 6.5 o after intravenous bolus injection than ActilyseR (24.1 + 3.7 0). The dose of ActilyseR with a comparable thrombolysis efficacy to K1K2P/Pro is 800000 IU/kg body weight (Table 2).
With an equipotent dosage of K1K2P/Pro in comparison with ActilyseR there were less effects on the coagulation parameters fibrinogen, plasminogen and alphaz-antiplasmin compared with the solvent group, which, however, do not differ from the effects of an equipotent dose of ActilyseR.

K1K2P/Pro is thus a t-PA mutant which has a thrombolytic efficacy after bolus injection in the rabbit model of jugular vein thrombosis which is greatly increased in comparison with ActilyseR. In this K1K2P/Pro has maintained its fibrin specificity to an extent which also applies for ActilyseR.

o +~

a~

a~

O x ,-~ ~o ~ ~

a -o ~ ~ r' ~
a~

x ~ ~ +~ ~' +

I

~ N y U

O -r-~ U
~ u1 U ~ -rl .1-) O ~-I
~

U u1 t~
O

f.~, u1 -r-I

r~ rl +~

O ~ 4-I O
U

v7 ,fl ~ O
~ N

rt1 -~ -r-~ +~

r-I -k ~ Ul (~
~ ~

a~ +.~x a, ~ ~,,~ -~ s~
~ -~

o ~, ~ ~ ~

.-Ib~N + ~ - O
~ ~

Sa U x U U
~-I

m a~ x ~
o ~C o ~

o ~ ~ ~

-~ ra +

U _ M ~-i lfl ~ ~ l Q ~ ~

. -k N r ra r~ U ~ M ~ o~ ~9 ~ U C~
~

U 5..1 ~ ~ ~ O N bi bi + I ~ + I U r~

O ~ 't3 .~-i N N x rl U rl .~ N N ~ S-I -rl -r-I

~ -r-I ~-I
U) ~ N .-1 ~ o~ 01 V' ~ ~ N
rl O ,~ -r-I ~ 00 ' N ~ S-1 -r~ O

U a.-> ~ ~ ,-~ y n u~ U ~ Cl a-~

U~ U ~ ~ ~ r~
-r-I

~ -r-I~ tY7 U H ~ ~ +I

~-1 ~ S-I +I -1~ td -I-) -r-I

W rd O 4-1 4-1 O 4-a O O ,~ O
r~

rl ~-I

W' ,~ ~ ~ ~ O U

~-I -1-~ N ~ . ~ . . -r-I~ ~ -r-I
W

O -rl N ~ -'~p ~~ ~ ~,-~ +->(~
~

x ,-~ ,-~ ~ '-I + ~ ~-I~-I
~ O

-rl ~--I
~ ~ U

U1 a--> - O ~-~ N
x ~-I U S-Irlr~ D

r0 +~ +~U N O
U

+~ .~" tn .~.,' -r-I

~ ~ ' ~

W - ~ ~ i~ O

M

~-I ~ 3 N -r-I~ N 4-If~~ -r-I
f~

00 ~ O rl'~ ~-1 C2.~ N '~ ~ Cdr~ N
~ O

"O 'N N

U +~ O

w-1 .~ ~ r0rb O

+~ ~ U .-I+-~N U
S-a O O b~ -,~ O O S-a O

Enra rCS
4-a ~

.~G N ~ ,- N ~ W

O X17 H ~ ~ p"~ C!~

~

O -,.-1.~r~ ~. L1i .-. + ~ ~ ~ N
~ ~ I ~

-~. p ~-1~.,'-rl l0 N l0 -L-~ r-I

~ I I ~

ra ~ ~ U ~ ~ +~U
p ~ ~

Ga ~UFC " x " ~ N

N -xU FC

' - 26 -~ 00 ~' M O1 ~ 00 V' M (~ ~ ~ N

+I +I +~ +I +~ +I

O l0 ~ lQ N ~ M

b +~ p r r r ~ r-1 O1 ~' ~ lfl O ~1' O lfl !~ 00 0 O ~

OO N

U ~

D

3 ,--I
O p , O M

O b~ W -~I M ~

W 17 d' lfl M ~ -rl CL \

+~ +I +I +~ +I +I

Y ~ ~--1r-i lfl O

.
.

r-i O ~ O I~ M
O

p, ,~ o x N

b a~

N

Gl 3 -~ v l m M M

d ~ ~ ~ r mo d' ~ N
' ' M N

+I +I o m +~ +~ +~ +~

~

w ~, p ~, ' ' a~ o . . . . o U O O N S
l ~ ~ O M rl -I -r N al OD ~ ~

rl ~.,' O ~ +~ fd O

.1.1 ~ N W lfl b O

ri rl II

O1 f-I l'~ d" ~ ~

N

O N N ~' N

~ +~ +~ +~ +~ +I +~ ~
O

il ',~ ~ O

4) ~ ~ 01 u7 u7 01 ~ ,-~ -r-I S-I

~ N 61 O O

rl ,ti ~ ao 01 01 ~

!.: i.~ ~ ~-1 U
+~

U cn f~, ra G) s~ ~ O N

v1 .n ov ov ov ov ov ov N ,.~2 ..i .r r-1 al ~ rd H

~

r-1 r1 ua ~ N ~ '~

.n !~ ~ -~ .~ ~
+ p +

O U

Cl~ .4 O

rl 0 O ~ ~ ~' O - .I-~ ,~ +~
-I + I .L2 -r C) N Gl O s-i u1 r.>r O ~, N ~ II

'd ~-I .p ~ I E- W-I ~ -r-i E-i W ~

H C~ W Z3 H .r ~
U -~ O

E x a m p 1 a 7 Optimized expression in E. coli To increase the yield of expression product, the sequence encoding the K1K2P-gene was subcloned in a plasmid with a high copy number. Plasmid pePa 126.1 described in the patent application P 39 31 933.4 was used for this. This plasmid is composed mainly of the vector pKK223-3 and the sequence coding for t-PA as described in the application EP-A 0 242 835.
An fd-terminator sequence was first integrated into this plasmid. For this, the plasmid pePa 126.1 was linearized with the restriction enzyme Hind III. The plasmid cleaved in this manner was separated by gel electrophoresis and isolated preparatively. The plasmid pLBUl (Gentz et al., (1981) PNAS 78 (8):4963) was cleaved with Hind III and a Hind III fragment of about 360 by which contained the fd-terminator was isolated preparatively by gel electrophoresis and gel elution. The linearized plasmid pePa 126.1 and the 360 by Hind III fragment from pLBUl were ligated. The ligation preparation was cotransformed with the plasmid pUBS 500, described in the application P 39 31 933.4 in E. coli, DSM 2102. From the clones, those were selected that contained the desired plasmid pePa 126 fd which differs from the starting plasmid pePa 126.1 in that it contains a second Hind III cleavage site.
Two fragments were isolated from the plasmid pePa 126 fd:
a BamHI/PvuI-fragment of 3.4 kb size and a PvuI/XmaI
fragment of 1.3 kb size. Both these fragments were ligated with a BamHI/XmaI fragment of about 1.6 kb from the plasmid pA33 and transformed with the plasmid pUBS 500 into E. coli. The resultant plasmid was-named pA33 fd and can be distinguished from pePa 126 fd in that in a restriction digest with EcoRI the second smallest EcoRI fragment from pePa 126 fd of about 610 by length is about 250 by shorter in pA33 fd.

Claims

1. Derivative of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), wherein it is not glycosylated and has the following amino acid sequence:

Ser Tyr Gln Val Ile Asp Thr Arg Ala Thr Cys Tyr Glu Asp Gln Gly 10 ~~ 15 Ile Ser Tyr Arg Gly Thr Trp Ser Thr Ala Glu Ser Gly Ala Glu Cys Thr Asn Trp Asn Ser Ser Ala Leu Ala Gln Lys Pro Tyr Ser Gly Arg 35 ~~ 40 ~~ 45 Arg Pro Asp Ala Ile Arg Leu Gly Leu Gly Asn His Asn Tyr Cys Arg 50 ~~ 55 ~~ 60 Asn Pro Asp Arg Asp Ser Lys Pro Trp Cys Tyr Val Phe Lys Ala Gly Lys Tyr Ser Ser Glu Phe Cys Ser Thr Pro Ala Cys Ser Glu Gly Asn Ser Asp Cys Tyr Phe Gly Asn Gly Ser Ala Tyr Arg Gly Thr His Ser Leu Thr Glu Ser Gly Ala Ser Cys Leu Pro Trp Asn Ser Met Ile Leu Ile Gly Lys Val Tyr Thr Ala Gln Asn Pro Ser Ala Gln Ala Leu Gly Leu Gly Lys His Asn Tyr Cys Arg Asn Pro Asp Gly Asp Ala Lys Pro 145 ~~ 150~~~155~~ 160 Trp Cys His Val Leu Lys Asn Arg Arg Leu Thr Trp Glu Tyr Cys Asp Val Pro Ser Cys Ser Thr Cys Gly Leu Arg Gln Tyr Ser Gln Pro Gln 180 ~~185 ~~ 190 Phe Arg Ile Lys Gly Gly Leu Phe Ala Asp Ile Ala Ser His Pro Trp 195 ~~ 200 ~~205 Gln Ala Ala Ile Phe Ala Lys His Arg Arg Ser Pro Gly Glu Arg Phe 210 ~~215~~ 220 Leu Cys Gly Gly Ile Leu Ile Ser Ser Cys Trp Ile Leu Ser Ala Ala 225 ~~ 230 235 ~~ 240 His Cys Phe Gln Glu Arg Phe Pro Pro His His Leu Thr Val Ile Leu Gly Arg Thr Tyr Arg Val Val Pro Gly Glu Glu Glu Gln Lys Phe Glu Val Glu Lys Tyr Ile Val His Lys Glu Phe Asp Asp Asp Thr Tyr Asp 275 280 ~~285 Asn Asp Ile Ala Leu Leu Gln Leu Lys Ser Asp Ser Ser Arg Cys Ala 290 ~~295 ~~ 300 Gln Glu Ser Ser Val Val Arg Thr Val Cys Leu Pro Pro Ala Asp Leu 305 ~~ 310 ~~315 320 Gln Leu Pro Asg Trp Thr Glu Cys Glu Leu Ser Gly Tyr Gly Lys His 325 ~~ 330 ~~335 Glu Ala Leu Ser Pro Phe Tyr Ser Glu Arg Leu Lys Glu Ala His Val 340 ~~345 ~~ 350 Arg Leu Tyr Pro Ser Ser Arg Cys Thr Ser Gln His Leu Leu Asn Arg 355 ~~ 360 ~~365 Thr Val Thr Asp Asn Met Leu Cys Ala Gly Asp Thr Arg Ser Gly Gly 370 ~~375 ~~ 380 Pro Gln Ala Asn Leu His Asp Ala Cys Gln Gly Asp Ser Gly Gly Pro 385 ~~ 390 ~~395 ~~ 400 Leu Val Cys Leu Asn Asp Gly Arg Met Thr Leu Val Gly IIe Ile Ser 405 ~~ 410 ~~415 Trp Gly Leu Gly Cys Gly Gln Lys Asp Val Pro Gly Val Tyr Thr Lys 420 ~~425 ~~ 430 Val Thr Asn Tyr Leu Asp Trp Ile Arg Asp Asn Met Arg Pro.
435 ~~ 440 ~~445

2. DNA sequence, wherein it codes for a t-PA
derivative as claimed in claim 1 and contains the following sequence:

ATGTCTTACCAAGTGATCGATACCAGGGCCACGTGCTACGAGGACCAGGGCATCAGCTAC
AGGGGCACGTGGAGCACAGCGGAGAGTGGCGCCGAGTGCACCAACTGGAACAGCAGCGCG
TTGGCCCAGAAGCCCTACAGCGGGCGGAGGCCAGACGCCATCAGGCTGGGCCTGGGGAAC
CACAACTACTGCAGAAACCCAGATCGAGACTCAAAGCCCTGGTGCTACGTCTTTAAGGCG
GGGAAGTACAGCTCAGAGTTCTGCAGCACCCCTGCCTGCTCTGAGGGAAACAGTGACTGC
TACTTTGGGAATGGGTCAGCCTACCGTGGCACGCACAGCCTCACCGAGTCGGGTGCCTCC
TGCCTCCCGTGGAATTCCATGATCCTGATAGGCAAGGTTTACACAGCACAGAACCCCAGT
GCCCAGGCACTGGGCCTGGGCAAACATAATTACTGCCGGAATCCTGATGGGGATGCCAAG
CCCTGGTGCCACGTGCTGAAGAACCGCAGGCTGACGTGGGAGTACTGTGATGTGCCCTCC
TGCTCCACCTGCGGCCTGAGACAGTACAGCCAGCCTCAGTTTCGCATCAAAGGAGGGCTC
TTCGCCGACATCGCCTCCCACCCCTGGCAGGCTGCCATCTTTGCCAAGCACAGGAGGTCG
CCCGGAGAGCGGTTCCTGTGCGGGGGCATACTCATCAGCTCCTGCTGGATTCTCTCTGCC
GCCCACTGCTTCCAGGAGAGGTTTCCGCCCCACCACCTGACGGTGATCTTGGGCAGAACA
TACCGGGTGGTCCCTGGCGAGGAGGAGCAGAAATTTGAAGTCGAAAAATACATTGTCCAT
AAGGAATTCGATGATGACACTTACGACAATGACATTGCGCTGCTGCAGCTGAAATCGGAT
TCGTCCCGCTGTGCCCAGGAGAGCAGCGTGGTCCGCACTGTGTGCCTTCCCCCGGCGGAC
CTGCAGCTGCCGGACTGGACGGAGTGTGAGCTCTCCGGCTACGGCAAGCATGAGGCCTTG
TCTCCTTTCTATTCGGAGCGGCTGAAGGAGGCTCATGTCAGACTGTACCCATCCAGCCGC
TGCACATCACAACATTTACTTAACAGAACAGTCACCGACAACATGCTGTGTGCTGGAGAC
ACTCGGAGCGGCGGGCCCCAGGCAAACTTGCACGACGCCTGCCAGGGCGATTCGGGAGGC
CCCCTGGTGTGTCTGAACGATGGCCGCATGACTTTGGTGGGCATCATCAGCTGGGGCCTG
GGCTGTGGACAGAAGGATGTCCCGGGTGTGTACACAAAGGTTACCAACTACCTAGACTGG
ATTCGTGACAACATGCGACCG 1341.

3. Expression plasmid, wherein it contains the DNA
sequence as claimed in claim 2 or a different DNA
sequence within the scope of the degeneracy of the genetic code which codes for a protein as claimed in claim 1.

4. Plasmid pA33.

5. Process for the construction of an expression plasmid as claimed in one of the claims 3 or 4, wherein a DNA sequence which codes for the whole t-PA
protein or a derivative thereof containing further regions of the t-PA protein in addition to the kringle I, kringle II and the protease domains is incorporated into a plasmid and those domains which code for amino acids which are not present in the t-PA derivative as claimed in claim 1 are removed by site-directed mutagenesis.

6. Process as claimed in claim 5, wherein the corresponding cDNA is used as the DNA sequence for the t-PA protein or a derivative thereof.

7. Process for the production of a t-PA derivative as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plasmid according to one of the claims 3 or 4 is introduced into suitable prokaryotic host cells and said t-PA derivative is isolated from the culture medium or after lysis of the host cells.

8. Process as claimed in claim 7, wherein said prokaryotic cells are E. coli.

9. Process as claimed in claim 8, wherein the yield of biologically active t-PA derivatives is increased by isolating "inclusion bodies" that form and solubilizing them by treatment with guanidine hydrochloride, followed by derivatization with oxidized glutathione and finally renaturation of the t-PA derivative by addition of L-arginine and glutathione.

10. Process as claimed in claim 9, wherein after renaturation the t-PA derivative is concentrated in a renaturation preparation and subsequently a chromatographic purification is carried out by means of affinity chromatography.

11. Process as claimed in claim 10, wherein an erythrina trypsin inhibitor (ETI) adsorber column is used for the chromatographic purification.

12. Process as claimed in claim 8, 9, or 11 which is effected in the presence of 25 to 1000 mmol/l14, L-arginine.

13. Process as claimed in claim 7, which is effected in the presence of 25 to 1000 mmol/l L-arginine.

14. Process as claimed in claim 10, which is effected in the presence of 25 to 1000 mmol/l L-arginine.

15. Process as claimed in claim 10, 11 or 14, wherein chromatographic purification with concentrate of a reactivation preparation, which contains 25 to 1000 mmol/l L-arginine, is carried out over an ETI
adsorber column.

16. Process as claimed in claim 15, wherein the reactivation preparation contains 200 to 1000 mmol/l L-arginine.

17. Process as claimed in claim 15, wherein the concentrate used for the chromatographic purification is adjusted to a pH value of more than 7Ø

18. Process as claimed in claim 16, wherein the concentrate used for the chromatographic purification is adjusted to a pH value of more than 7Ø

19. Process as claimed in claim 11, 13, 14 or 16, wherein elution is carried out at a pH of 4 to 6.

20. Agent for dissolving blood clots which consists of a composition comprising a t-PA derivative as claimed in claim 1 in association with a physiologically acceptable carrier.