CA2008680A1 - Moulded bodies for the nutrition of plant cultures and a process for their preparation - Google Patents
Moulded bodies for the nutrition of plant cultures and a process for their preparationInfo
- Publication number
- CA2008680A1 CA2008680A1 CA002008680A CA2008680A CA2008680A1 CA 2008680 A1 CA2008680 A1 CA 2008680A1 CA 002008680 A CA002008680 A CA 002008680A CA 2008680 A CA2008680 A CA 2008680A CA 2008680 A1 CA2008680 A1 CA 2008680A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- plant
- nutrient
- nutrients
- moulded bodies
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/38—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with wax or resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/45—Form not covered by groups C05G5/10 - C05G5/18, C05G5/20 - C05G5/27, C05G5/30 - C05G5/38 or C05G5/40, e.g. soluble or permeable packaging
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract Moulded bodies are described which contain all the nutrients, active substances, plant-treatment agents and auxiliary substances necessary for the optimum nutrition of plant cultures, these particles being agglomerated by means of material bridges.
The production of the moulded bodies is carried out by mixing the nutrients, active substances, plant-treatment agents and auxiliary substances with the binding agent, dividing the mixture into portions and subsequently hardening by thermal or chemical means.
The production of the moulded bodies is carried out by mixing the nutrients, active substances, plant-treatment agents and auxiliary substances with the binding agent, dividing the mixture into portions and subsequently hardening by thermal or chemical means.
Description
X008~8~) :
The invention relates to moulded bodies which contain all ~ ~-the necessary substances for the nutrition of plant cultures in quantity ratios appropriate for the needs of the plants, and also to a process for their preparation. ~ -For the effective but simultaneously environment-friendly use of fertilisers, there is an increasing move away from using fertilisers over wide areas. Instead the trend is towards putting the fertilisers specifically in the area where the plants will make use of them.
The pre-mixing of appropriate amounts of fertiliser in powder form and the conversion the same with suitable auxiliary substances and pressing devices into moulded bodies of the desired size is already known, e.g. for use in planting holes or in single pots. Products such as this are commercially available.
The modification of the composition and nutrient-release behaviour of nutrient carriers is also known, such that fertiliser mixtures are produced which are adapted to the plants' requirements (DE 3 321 053). This adaptation of the nutrient composition and nutrient-release rate is of particular importance in trying to achieve the optimum nutrition of a plant culture with a greatly reduced strain on the environment.
The dissolution rate of the nutrients can be adjusted inter alia by the preparation of granulates from soluble nutrient carriers and by subsequent surface treatment.
This treatment is usually carried out using synthetic resins, sulphur or other film-forming substances (e.g. DE
3 544 451).
The disadvantage with the known application forms of 200868(~
fertilisers, however, is that not all plants receive ~
optimum nutrition from heterogeneous mixtures. This -~ ~ -occurs particularly when these mixtures consist of particles with different nutrient contents and of different particle sizes.
It was therefore the object of the invention to provide in one moulded body the amount of nutrients and nutrient composition necessary for the optimum nutrition of one single plant or a group of plants, together with the nutrient-release rates suitable for the requirements of the plants.
The object of the invention is achieved using a moulded body which contains all the nutrients, active substances, plant-treatment agents and auxiliary substances necessary for the optimum nutrition of plant cultures, the particles of the latter being agglomerated by means of material bridges.
In a particular embodiment of the moulded body according to the invention at least one of the nutrients, active substances, plant-treatment agents and auxiliary substances is coated with a synthetic resin and the material bridges consist of a binding agent.
The binding agents used according to the invention are in themselves all agents which can produce a bond between particles of any size. Particularly suitable are glues, natural or synthetic resins, waxes and hot-melt adhesives or reaction resins.
Epoxides and polyurethanes have proved particularly suitable as reaction resins.
~, ''. ~ ,~: ' , .
X00868~) Examples of the nutrients contained in the moulded body according to the invention are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium and the trace elements - boron, iron, cobalt, copper, manganeæe, molybdenum and zinc in their appropriate chemical compounds.
Typical nutrient combinations are listed below by way of example, with appropriate release rates: .
Example A for a 4-month culture period NPK Mg 16-11-14-2 consisting of 70 % round granulate, coated ~:
30 % pressed granulate, not coated.
Example B for an 8-month culture period NPK Mg 16-10-12-2 consisting of 70 % round granulate, coated 30 % pressed granulate, not coated.
Example C for a 4-month culture period NPK 14-8-14 + 0.03 B + 0.07 Cu + 0.1 Fe + 0.08 Mn + 0.01 Mo + 0.02 Zn consisting of 95 % pressed granulate, coated, 5 % trace element-microgranulate, not coated ...... . . .
~, , ~. .
~, ,- , - , -;~0~8~80 Release rate Example ~:
in A B C
% in days (weeks) : .
.
The invention relates to moulded bodies which contain all ~ ~-the necessary substances for the nutrition of plant cultures in quantity ratios appropriate for the needs of the plants, and also to a process for their preparation. ~ -For the effective but simultaneously environment-friendly use of fertilisers, there is an increasing move away from using fertilisers over wide areas. Instead the trend is towards putting the fertilisers specifically in the area where the plants will make use of them.
The pre-mixing of appropriate amounts of fertiliser in powder form and the conversion the same with suitable auxiliary substances and pressing devices into moulded bodies of the desired size is already known, e.g. for use in planting holes or in single pots. Products such as this are commercially available.
The modification of the composition and nutrient-release behaviour of nutrient carriers is also known, such that fertiliser mixtures are produced which are adapted to the plants' requirements (DE 3 321 053). This adaptation of the nutrient composition and nutrient-release rate is of particular importance in trying to achieve the optimum nutrition of a plant culture with a greatly reduced strain on the environment.
The dissolution rate of the nutrients can be adjusted inter alia by the preparation of granulates from soluble nutrient carriers and by subsequent surface treatment.
This treatment is usually carried out using synthetic resins, sulphur or other film-forming substances (e.g. DE
3 544 451).
The disadvantage with the known application forms of 200868(~
fertilisers, however, is that not all plants receive ~
optimum nutrition from heterogeneous mixtures. This -~ ~ -occurs particularly when these mixtures consist of particles with different nutrient contents and of different particle sizes.
It was therefore the object of the invention to provide in one moulded body the amount of nutrients and nutrient composition necessary for the optimum nutrition of one single plant or a group of plants, together with the nutrient-release rates suitable for the requirements of the plants.
The object of the invention is achieved using a moulded body which contains all the nutrients, active substances, plant-treatment agents and auxiliary substances necessary for the optimum nutrition of plant cultures, the particles of the latter being agglomerated by means of material bridges.
In a particular embodiment of the moulded body according to the invention at least one of the nutrients, active substances, plant-treatment agents and auxiliary substances is coated with a synthetic resin and the material bridges consist of a binding agent.
The binding agents used according to the invention are in themselves all agents which can produce a bond between particles of any size. Particularly suitable are glues, natural or synthetic resins, waxes and hot-melt adhesives or reaction resins.
Epoxides and polyurethanes have proved particularly suitable as reaction resins.
~, ''. ~ ,~: ' , .
X00868~) Examples of the nutrients contained in the moulded body according to the invention are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium and the trace elements - boron, iron, cobalt, copper, manganeæe, molybdenum and zinc in their appropriate chemical compounds.
Typical nutrient combinations are listed below by way of example, with appropriate release rates: .
Example A for a 4-month culture period NPK Mg 16-11-14-2 consisting of 70 % round granulate, coated ~:
30 % pressed granulate, not coated.
Example B for an 8-month culture period NPK Mg 16-10-12-2 consisting of 70 % round granulate, coated 30 % pressed granulate, not coated.
Example C for a 4-month culture period NPK 14-8-14 + 0.03 B + 0.07 Cu + 0.1 Fe + 0.08 Mn + 0.01 Mo + 0.02 Zn consisting of 95 % pressed granulate, coated, 5 % trace element-microgranulate, not coated ...... . . .
~, , ~. .
~, ,- , - , -;~0~8~80 Release rate Example ~:
in A B C
% in days (weeks) : .
.
2 2 2 4 4 6 (1) -6 (1) 6 tl) 10 12 (2) 18 (3) 16 (2) . :
22 (3) 42 (6) 24 (3) ~:
34 (5) 70 (10) 32 (5) (7) 106 (15) 42 (6) 74 (10)148 (20) 62 (9) 114 (16)224 (30) 104 (15) The term "active substance" is understood to include~
growth substances, inhibitors, nitrification inhibitors and soil inoculants.
The following are examples: indolylacetic acid, naphthylacetic acid, gibberellins, cytokinins, seed stimulater KKS (DE 2 625 398), chloromequat, chlorphonium chloride, daminozide, abscisic acid, pydanon, maleic hydrazide, isopyrimol, N-dimethylaminosuccinic acid, ; -2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine, ~ :
2-amino-4-chloro-6-methyl-pyrimidine, sulfanylaminothiazole, dicyanodiamide and nitragin.
Examples of possible plant-treatment agents here are :~
nematicides or soil insecticides, such as microgranulates ~ :
containing the active substances carbofuran, thiram, terbufos, ethoprophos, bendiocarb and/or aldicarb.
Auxiliary substances in the sense of this invention are understood to be those substances which ensure the stability of the components, improve transport and ~, ' ' ' ' " ' '. ' ' , ,' , ,' . ~ ' ' ' ' :' ' Z008~i8~) distribution and prevent fixation in the soil and in the plants.
Examples are chelating agents based on polyphosphates and phosphonic acid, polyamines, aminoalcohols and aminopolycarboxylic acids, 2-hydroxycarboxylic acids and lignosulphonic acids; buffering agents such as boric acid, phosphoric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, citric acid, phthalic acid and the ammonium, potassium and sodium salts of the above acids, glycine, glycylglycine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)-methyl]glycine, piperazine-1,4-bis-(2-ethanesulphonic acid) and its sodium salt or imidazole and surface-active agents, such as alkane sulphonates, olefin sulphonates, ester sulphonates, alkyl sulphonates, particularly alkylbenzene sulphonates such as dodecylbenzene sulphonates and alkylnaphthalene sulphonates, alkyl sulphates, ether sulphates, straight-chain and cyclic ammonium compounds, benzalkonium chlorides, quaternary ammonium salts, amine salts, pyridinium salts, polyethers, particularly alkylphenolpolyglycol ethers, ethoxylated fatty acids, fatty acid amides, fatty amines, fatty acid esters of polyalcohols, glycerin derivatives with a betaine structure or sulphobetaines.
The above substances can in principle be present in many different physical forms, e.g. as powders, crystals, prills, round granules, pressed granules or as spray-dried granules, with and without conditioning and with and without release-influencing coating.
The amount of binding agent used to form the material 30 bridges is from 0.1 to 30~ by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 5% by weight.
,,,, ,:
., -, .
~'- ,' ',, "' ',''' , .'' ~'" "; " '' . ' ' ' ',, ''" ' ' ' ' .i . .. .
20~868(1 If an epoxy resin is used as the binding agent, various systems have proved suitable with epoxide equivalents of 170 to 220 and hardeners based on aliphatic and/or aromatic mono- and polyamines with H-active equivalent masses of 25 to 900 or based on polymercaptans with H-active equivalent masses from 160 to 220 or based on polyaminoamides with H-active equivalent masses of 90 to 2S0 and up to 10 mass parts of reactive diluent from the group of glycidyl derivatives with epoxide equivalents of 130 to 360. Preferably, as the epoxide system, an epoxy resin with epoxide equivalents of 180 to 190 mixed with polymercaptan hardeners with an H-active equivalent mass of 200 is used, which is hardened under hot air at an air temperature of 20 to 120C, preferably at a temperature of 40 to 60C.
If a polyurethane is used as the binding agent, various systems have likewise proved suitable with aromatic and/or aliphatic polyisocyanate components with two or more isocyanate groups and polyester polyols and/or polyamides based on aliphatic and/or aromatic parent substances.
The polyurethane system based on 4,4-diisocyanato-diphenylmethane and/ polyolethoxyated- and/or propoxylated substituted, tertiary mono-, di-, tri-polyols and/or polyamines with a hydroxyl number of 50 to 500, especially an ethoxylated diamine with a molecular weight of 1000 to 2000 and a hydroxyl number of 120 to 180, has proved to be very suitable. A hot air current with air temperatures of 20 to 200C, especially between 40 and 80C, can be used to accelerate the reaction. ~;
A polyurethane system has proved to be particularly suitable which consists of 4,4-diisocyanato-diphenylmethane (MDI) and a benzyl ether-hydroxylpolyol.
:
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~,4, , , ' ' . " , ' . ' 2008~80 The invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of the moulded bodies. For this purpose the nutrients, active substances, plant-treatment agents and auxiliary substances are mixed with the binding agent, divided into portions and then hardened by thermal or chemical means.
The proportioning takes place continuously using moulds, by the use of an extrusion process or by the direct contacting of microgranulate to the surface of the single grains of macrogranulates, such that the moulded bodies have a weight of 0.01 - 100 g, especially 0.05 to 30 g.
The moulded bodies thus produced are suitable for specific, appropriate plant nutrition in the form of a single application in the root region of the culture plants in question, especially for ornamental plants, vegetables, woody plants, cultivation of young plants, reafforestation etc., in pots, tubular films, containers, field planting holes, natural and synthetic, liquid and solid substrates.
The moulded bodies according to the invention are used in single applications with the amount of nutrient, nutrient combination and nutrient-release rate adapted to the requirements of the culture. Typical amounts used are given by way of example in the following table:
Ornamental plant culture young plants according to nutrient requirement 1 to 3 g/pot and litre ready products, according to nutrient requirement 2 to 6 g/pot and litre ~ ., , :
.. . . . . . ........ . .
~,: .. - . i . . .
;~0()l3~80 Tree nursery cultures according to nutrient requirement 2 to 5 g/pot and litre i.e. 20 to 50 g per 10 litre container ~ .
S Market gardening, cultivation of young plants 1.5 to 2 g/pot and litre Peat-bag method 4 to 5 g/litre, i.e. in tubular films with 50 litre volume 200 to 250 g and with 100 litre volume 400 to 500 g Field planting in container 30 to 60 g/10 litre planting-hole preparation according to nutrient requirement 20 to 50 g/plant Hydroculture according to nutrient requirement and for salt~
sensitive cultures 5 g/litre for cultures with low salt-sensitivity 10 to 20 g/litre The moulded bodies according to the invention have an advantage regarding the effective nutrient action with the simultaneously reduced environmental damage, from the entry of the nutrient into the ground water, by the simultaneous use of a specific, local application of a fertiliser with a nutrient-release rate adapted to the requirement of the plants. The fertiliser contains a p~
20(3~
mixture of all the necessary forms of nutrient, all the main and trace nutrients and nutrient solubilities, which is important particularly for use in drills and containers for trees, bushes, ornamental plants and vegetables.
The following examples illustare the moulded bodies according to the invention and their production, in which "parts" and % are by weight.
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-: . .
~ `~
2008Çi80 Example 1 Fertiliser agglomerate for use in planting holes for trees and woody plants 700 g of a 2-4 mm, coated, round granulate of the nutrient composition N-P205-K20 14-8-18 with a dissolution period of 9 months is mixed gently and carefully for 20 minutes in a cone mixer with 300 kg of a 1-3 mm, pressed granulate of the nutrient composition N-P20s-K20-MgO 21-10-12-7.5 and trace elements. The fertiliser mixture is transferred from the cone mixer by means of a star feeder into a paddle screw mixer. There, 10 kg of a binding-agent mixture, made up of 50 parts polyol component, comprising 30 parts benzyl ether resin with a hydroxyl content of 16.9 %, 60 parts castor oil and 10 parts diacetone 15 alcohol, and 50 parts of an isocyanate component, ~-consisting of an industrial polyisocyanate based on diphenylmethanediisocyanate with an isocyanate content of 30-32 % are slowly added and homogeneously incorporated.
This mixture is transferred via a discharging apparatus to a mould, with which the fertiliser mixture is shaped into a strand. This strand is carefully separated with a cutting wire into agglomerated moulded bodies of 30 g in weight, which are spontaneously hardened in a gassing duct with dimethylisopropylamine.
Example 2 Fertiliser agglomerate for pot and container plants 90 parts by weight of a 2.5-5 mm pressed granulate of the ~ ~
composition N-P20s-K20-MgO 22-11-16.5-3 are mixed in a;
paddle screw mixer with 5 parts binding agent comprised of 50 parts of an ethoxylated ethylene diamine with a molecular weight of 1400 and 50 parts of a polyisocyanate , r,,: ':
::
2~ 8680 based on 4,4-diisocyanato-diphenylmethane with an isocyanate content of 30-32 %, and homogeneously distributed. Subsequently, 5 parts of a 0.2-1.0 mm pressed granulate of the composition 2% B, 4% Cu, 2% Fe, 4% Mn, 0.2% Mo and 1% zn are added and homogeneously incorporated. The mixture is shaped into a strand by means of a moulding press and cut with a cutting wire into moulded-body agglomerates of 12 g in weight. The agglomerates are hardened in a heating tunnel at 50 to 60C.
20(~368~) Example 3 Fertiliser agglomerate for incorporation in culture substrates 90 parts by weight of a coated round granulate with a particle-size distribution of 2 to 4 mm diameter with a nutrient content N2-P205-K20 of 14-14-14 and a nutrient-release period of 4 months are homogeneously mixed for 10 minutes in a rotating drum with a built-in mixing tool with 5 parts by weight of a microgranulate ~ :
coated in a fluidised bed, with a particle-size distribution of 0.02 to 0.1 mm, with an active substance -- :
composition with the trace elements boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc~
boric acid 3.45 parts 15 disodium ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid copper chelate 9.05 parts ~ :
: ~ , disodium ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid iron(II)chelate 14.45 parts ammonium heptamolybdate 0.20 parts ~ ;
20 disodium ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid zinc chelate 2.50 parts granular auxiliary substances 51.05 parts ~ .
binding agent for coating 8.00 parts and a coating substance with a nutrient-release time of 4 months. 5 parts by weight of a polyol/isocyanate/binding agent mixture of a composition described in Example 1 is ,. . . . .. . ..
Z(~0~3~8() added while the drum is rotating, to fix the mixture by forming material bridges. The agglomerates of macrogranular and microgranulate are spontaneously hardened by spraying on dimethylethanolamine.
70 parts by weight of the fixated agglomerates thus produced are added to 30 parts by weight of a pressed granulate with a particle-size distribution of 2 to 4 mm and a nutrient composition N-P205-K20-MgO of 21-4-14-7 and mixed for 10 minutes in a cone mixer. The resulting mixed granulate has the nutrient composition 15-10-13-2 (NPKMg) with trace nutrients. It has a nutrient release period of a total of 4 months which is suitable for the early and late development phase of plants.
Example 4 Fertiliser agglomerate for rooting cuttings 90 parts by weight of a pressed granulate with a particle-size distribution of 2-3 mm, consisting of 42 parts of ammonium sulphate with a nitrogen content of 21%, 35 parts of diammonium phosphate with a nitrogen content of 21% and a phosphorus pentoxide content of 53% and 23 parts of potassium sulphate with a potassium oxide content of 50% are continuously coated in a fluidised bed apparatus with 10% by weight of an MDI-isocyanate/polyol/dimethylaminoethanol mixture, which is mixed prior to being introduced through the nozzle into the fluidised bed apparatus by means of a static tube mixer in the ratio of 48:18:4, and are completely hardened without the supply of energy.
98 parts by weight of the N-K granulate thus produced with a nutrient release time of 2-3 months are mixed homogeneously with 2 parts by weight of a 200868~
microactive-substance granulate also coated in the fluidised bed apparatus, with a particle-size distribution of 0.05 to 0.1 mm, comprised of 20 parts of a : ~.
MDI-isocyanate/polyol/dimethylethanol mixture and 80 parts ~ ~:
5 by weight of an active-substance combination with the -composition~
. ~
20.000000 parts by weight of calcium glycerophosphate 20.000000 ammonium phosphate 32.000000 potassium nitrate ~
12.020000 glucose ~ :
12.020000 saccharose : :
1.202000 succinic acid and 0.242000 citric acid 0.242000 tartaric acid 0.242000 malic acid 0.482000 sodium benzoate :
0.004000 tyrosine 0.012000 inosite 0.02000 ascorbic acid 0.00024 thiamine 0.006000 cysteine 0.000036 kinetin 0.000036 indolylacetic acid 1.390000 aluminium silicate and 0.135808 potassium sulphate in a coating drum with built-in mixing tools for 10 minutes. For the agglomeration of the micro-active substance granulate into the N-P-K granulate, to form the material bridges, 5 parts of an MDI-isocyanate/polyol mixture were added slowly, homogeneously distributed and spontaneously completely hardened by gassing with dimethylisopropylamine.
,~ ,, ~ ", - . ,, r/,. .. .
Example 5 92 parts of a microgranulate with a particle-size distribution of 0.1 to 0.3 mm and of the composition 23.5 parts potassium chloride 50.5 parts potassium sulphate and 26.0 parts potassium nitrate, are continuously coated and hardened in a fluidised bed apparatus with 8 parts of an MDI-isocyanate/polyol mixture, which is mixed before entering the nozzle by a static tube mixer in the ratio 50:50, in which the eddying air is circulated, for hardening this composition contains 1 percent by volume of the catalyst triethylamine and has the coating rate of 0.5 parts MDI-isocyanate/polyol mixture per minute.
30.5 parts of the NK-microgranulate thus produced, with the composition 3.31 % nitrogen and 49.83 % potassium oxide are put into a coating drum, in which there are 66.5 parts of pressed granulate with a particle-size distribution of 2 to 4 mm, prepared from 14.40 parts diammonium phosphate 17.70 parts of urea 46.00 parts of urea-formaldehyde condensate 12.40 parts magnesium phosphate 1.20 parts magnesium oxide 5.80 parts phosphoric acid and 2.20 parts of a trace-element mixture, which is composed of 21.00 parts boric acid -23.50 parts copper sulphate x 5 hydrate :~
21.50 parts disodium ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid iron(II)chelate 1.50 parts of iron(II)sulphate .,, . , . . - , , :
~-, .... . . . . . ... .
20(~8~8~
23.50 parts of manganese sulphate x 1 hydrate 7.50 parts zinc sulphate x 7 hydrate 1.50 parts sodium molybdate x 7 hydrate. -~
The coating drum contains counter-rotating mixing blades for homogeneous distribution of the granulates. After 10 minutes in operation, 3 parts of the MDI-isocyanate/
mixture homogenised in the static tube mixer in the ratio 10 50 : 50 are added, while the drum is rotating, through a ~ -dropping screen which covers the whole width of the fluidised bed, with the peripheral velocity adjusted so that during the dosing and the subsequent 5 mlnute post-mixing time, an even distribution of the granulates takes place. For the final fixation of the NK-components on the pressed granulate, an air stream saturated with dimethylisopropylamine catalyst is passed over the .
granulate flow-bed for spontaneous hardening of the binding agent mixture. The excess catalyst is removed with compressed air and the hardened agglomerates are removed from the rotating drum.
~ ::;. ~
- ' : .',,, , . '' , ' , ~ , , - i :
22 (3) 42 (6) 24 (3) ~:
34 (5) 70 (10) 32 (5) (7) 106 (15) 42 (6) 74 (10)148 (20) 62 (9) 114 (16)224 (30) 104 (15) The term "active substance" is understood to include~
growth substances, inhibitors, nitrification inhibitors and soil inoculants.
The following are examples: indolylacetic acid, naphthylacetic acid, gibberellins, cytokinins, seed stimulater KKS (DE 2 625 398), chloromequat, chlorphonium chloride, daminozide, abscisic acid, pydanon, maleic hydrazide, isopyrimol, N-dimethylaminosuccinic acid, ; -2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine, ~ :
2-amino-4-chloro-6-methyl-pyrimidine, sulfanylaminothiazole, dicyanodiamide and nitragin.
Examples of possible plant-treatment agents here are :~
nematicides or soil insecticides, such as microgranulates ~ :
containing the active substances carbofuran, thiram, terbufos, ethoprophos, bendiocarb and/or aldicarb.
Auxiliary substances in the sense of this invention are understood to be those substances which ensure the stability of the components, improve transport and ~, ' ' ' ' " ' '. ' ' , ,' , ,' . ~ ' ' ' ' :' ' Z008~i8~) distribution and prevent fixation in the soil and in the plants.
Examples are chelating agents based on polyphosphates and phosphonic acid, polyamines, aminoalcohols and aminopolycarboxylic acids, 2-hydroxycarboxylic acids and lignosulphonic acids; buffering agents such as boric acid, phosphoric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, citric acid, phthalic acid and the ammonium, potassium and sodium salts of the above acids, glycine, glycylglycine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)-methyl]glycine, piperazine-1,4-bis-(2-ethanesulphonic acid) and its sodium salt or imidazole and surface-active agents, such as alkane sulphonates, olefin sulphonates, ester sulphonates, alkyl sulphonates, particularly alkylbenzene sulphonates such as dodecylbenzene sulphonates and alkylnaphthalene sulphonates, alkyl sulphates, ether sulphates, straight-chain and cyclic ammonium compounds, benzalkonium chlorides, quaternary ammonium salts, amine salts, pyridinium salts, polyethers, particularly alkylphenolpolyglycol ethers, ethoxylated fatty acids, fatty acid amides, fatty amines, fatty acid esters of polyalcohols, glycerin derivatives with a betaine structure or sulphobetaines.
The above substances can in principle be present in many different physical forms, e.g. as powders, crystals, prills, round granules, pressed granules or as spray-dried granules, with and without conditioning and with and without release-influencing coating.
The amount of binding agent used to form the material 30 bridges is from 0.1 to 30~ by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 5% by weight.
,,,, ,:
., -, .
~'- ,' ',, "' ',''' , .'' ~'" "; " '' . ' ' ' ',, ''" ' ' ' ' .i . .. .
20~868(1 If an epoxy resin is used as the binding agent, various systems have proved suitable with epoxide equivalents of 170 to 220 and hardeners based on aliphatic and/or aromatic mono- and polyamines with H-active equivalent masses of 25 to 900 or based on polymercaptans with H-active equivalent masses from 160 to 220 or based on polyaminoamides with H-active equivalent masses of 90 to 2S0 and up to 10 mass parts of reactive diluent from the group of glycidyl derivatives with epoxide equivalents of 130 to 360. Preferably, as the epoxide system, an epoxy resin with epoxide equivalents of 180 to 190 mixed with polymercaptan hardeners with an H-active equivalent mass of 200 is used, which is hardened under hot air at an air temperature of 20 to 120C, preferably at a temperature of 40 to 60C.
If a polyurethane is used as the binding agent, various systems have likewise proved suitable with aromatic and/or aliphatic polyisocyanate components with two or more isocyanate groups and polyester polyols and/or polyamides based on aliphatic and/or aromatic parent substances.
The polyurethane system based on 4,4-diisocyanato-diphenylmethane and/ polyolethoxyated- and/or propoxylated substituted, tertiary mono-, di-, tri-polyols and/or polyamines with a hydroxyl number of 50 to 500, especially an ethoxylated diamine with a molecular weight of 1000 to 2000 and a hydroxyl number of 120 to 180, has proved to be very suitable. A hot air current with air temperatures of 20 to 200C, especially between 40 and 80C, can be used to accelerate the reaction. ~;
A polyurethane system has proved to be particularly suitable which consists of 4,4-diisocyanato-diphenylmethane (MDI) and a benzyl ether-hydroxylpolyol.
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~?t ~
~"- ' : ', , : ' ' '' ' . '' ' ~' , ", . ' ' , ' ',, ' ': . ' ~''' ' , . ' ' ' , ., ~,~,. . .. . . . .
~,4, , , ' ' . " , ' . ' 2008~80 The invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of the moulded bodies. For this purpose the nutrients, active substances, plant-treatment agents and auxiliary substances are mixed with the binding agent, divided into portions and then hardened by thermal or chemical means.
The proportioning takes place continuously using moulds, by the use of an extrusion process or by the direct contacting of microgranulate to the surface of the single grains of macrogranulates, such that the moulded bodies have a weight of 0.01 - 100 g, especially 0.05 to 30 g.
The moulded bodies thus produced are suitable for specific, appropriate plant nutrition in the form of a single application in the root region of the culture plants in question, especially for ornamental plants, vegetables, woody plants, cultivation of young plants, reafforestation etc., in pots, tubular films, containers, field planting holes, natural and synthetic, liquid and solid substrates.
The moulded bodies according to the invention are used in single applications with the amount of nutrient, nutrient combination and nutrient-release rate adapted to the requirements of the culture. Typical amounts used are given by way of example in the following table:
Ornamental plant culture young plants according to nutrient requirement 1 to 3 g/pot and litre ready products, according to nutrient requirement 2 to 6 g/pot and litre ~ ., , :
.. . . . . . ........ . .
~,: .. - . i . . .
;~0()l3~80 Tree nursery cultures according to nutrient requirement 2 to 5 g/pot and litre i.e. 20 to 50 g per 10 litre container ~ .
S Market gardening, cultivation of young plants 1.5 to 2 g/pot and litre Peat-bag method 4 to 5 g/litre, i.e. in tubular films with 50 litre volume 200 to 250 g and with 100 litre volume 400 to 500 g Field planting in container 30 to 60 g/10 litre planting-hole preparation according to nutrient requirement 20 to 50 g/plant Hydroculture according to nutrient requirement and for salt~
sensitive cultures 5 g/litre for cultures with low salt-sensitivity 10 to 20 g/litre The moulded bodies according to the invention have an advantage regarding the effective nutrient action with the simultaneously reduced environmental damage, from the entry of the nutrient into the ground water, by the simultaneous use of a specific, local application of a fertiliser with a nutrient-release rate adapted to the requirement of the plants. The fertiliser contains a p~
20(3~
mixture of all the necessary forms of nutrient, all the main and trace nutrients and nutrient solubilities, which is important particularly for use in drills and containers for trees, bushes, ornamental plants and vegetables.
The following examples illustare the moulded bodies according to the invention and their production, in which "parts" and % are by weight.
i, "" ~''- ' ' :, ' '' ,, ,-',' ~ ..: ,. ,. ' .
'i" " ': ': ' ,,- , . .. . .
~, . , -; , , , , ~ . . - . , ; ~ ,. .
-: . .
~ `~
2008Çi80 Example 1 Fertiliser agglomerate for use in planting holes for trees and woody plants 700 g of a 2-4 mm, coated, round granulate of the nutrient composition N-P205-K20 14-8-18 with a dissolution period of 9 months is mixed gently and carefully for 20 minutes in a cone mixer with 300 kg of a 1-3 mm, pressed granulate of the nutrient composition N-P20s-K20-MgO 21-10-12-7.5 and trace elements. The fertiliser mixture is transferred from the cone mixer by means of a star feeder into a paddle screw mixer. There, 10 kg of a binding-agent mixture, made up of 50 parts polyol component, comprising 30 parts benzyl ether resin with a hydroxyl content of 16.9 %, 60 parts castor oil and 10 parts diacetone 15 alcohol, and 50 parts of an isocyanate component, ~-consisting of an industrial polyisocyanate based on diphenylmethanediisocyanate with an isocyanate content of 30-32 % are slowly added and homogeneously incorporated.
This mixture is transferred via a discharging apparatus to a mould, with which the fertiliser mixture is shaped into a strand. This strand is carefully separated with a cutting wire into agglomerated moulded bodies of 30 g in weight, which are spontaneously hardened in a gassing duct with dimethylisopropylamine.
Example 2 Fertiliser agglomerate for pot and container plants 90 parts by weight of a 2.5-5 mm pressed granulate of the ~ ~
composition N-P20s-K20-MgO 22-11-16.5-3 are mixed in a;
paddle screw mixer with 5 parts binding agent comprised of 50 parts of an ethoxylated ethylene diamine with a molecular weight of 1400 and 50 parts of a polyisocyanate , r,,: ':
::
2~ 8680 based on 4,4-diisocyanato-diphenylmethane with an isocyanate content of 30-32 %, and homogeneously distributed. Subsequently, 5 parts of a 0.2-1.0 mm pressed granulate of the composition 2% B, 4% Cu, 2% Fe, 4% Mn, 0.2% Mo and 1% zn are added and homogeneously incorporated. The mixture is shaped into a strand by means of a moulding press and cut with a cutting wire into moulded-body agglomerates of 12 g in weight. The agglomerates are hardened in a heating tunnel at 50 to 60C.
20(~368~) Example 3 Fertiliser agglomerate for incorporation in culture substrates 90 parts by weight of a coated round granulate with a particle-size distribution of 2 to 4 mm diameter with a nutrient content N2-P205-K20 of 14-14-14 and a nutrient-release period of 4 months are homogeneously mixed for 10 minutes in a rotating drum with a built-in mixing tool with 5 parts by weight of a microgranulate ~ :
coated in a fluidised bed, with a particle-size distribution of 0.02 to 0.1 mm, with an active substance -- :
composition with the trace elements boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc~
boric acid 3.45 parts 15 disodium ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid copper chelate 9.05 parts ~ :
: ~ , disodium ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid iron(II)chelate 14.45 parts ammonium heptamolybdate 0.20 parts ~ ;
20 disodium ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid zinc chelate 2.50 parts granular auxiliary substances 51.05 parts ~ .
binding agent for coating 8.00 parts and a coating substance with a nutrient-release time of 4 months. 5 parts by weight of a polyol/isocyanate/binding agent mixture of a composition described in Example 1 is ,. . . . .. . ..
Z(~0~3~8() added while the drum is rotating, to fix the mixture by forming material bridges. The agglomerates of macrogranular and microgranulate are spontaneously hardened by spraying on dimethylethanolamine.
70 parts by weight of the fixated agglomerates thus produced are added to 30 parts by weight of a pressed granulate with a particle-size distribution of 2 to 4 mm and a nutrient composition N-P205-K20-MgO of 21-4-14-7 and mixed for 10 minutes in a cone mixer. The resulting mixed granulate has the nutrient composition 15-10-13-2 (NPKMg) with trace nutrients. It has a nutrient release period of a total of 4 months which is suitable for the early and late development phase of plants.
Example 4 Fertiliser agglomerate for rooting cuttings 90 parts by weight of a pressed granulate with a particle-size distribution of 2-3 mm, consisting of 42 parts of ammonium sulphate with a nitrogen content of 21%, 35 parts of diammonium phosphate with a nitrogen content of 21% and a phosphorus pentoxide content of 53% and 23 parts of potassium sulphate with a potassium oxide content of 50% are continuously coated in a fluidised bed apparatus with 10% by weight of an MDI-isocyanate/polyol/dimethylaminoethanol mixture, which is mixed prior to being introduced through the nozzle into the fluidised bed apparatus by means of a static tube mixer in the ratio of 48:18:4, and are completely hardened without the supply of energy.
98 parts by weight of the N-K granulate thus produced with a nutrient release time of 2-3 months are mixed homogeneously with 2 parts by weight of a 200868~
microactive-substance granulate also coated in the fluidised bed apparatus, with a particle-size distribution of 0.05 to 0.1 mm, comprised of 20 parts of a : ~.
MDI-isocyanate/polyol/dimethylethanol mixture and 80 parts ~ ~:
5 by weight of an active-substance combination with the -composition~
. ~
20.000000 parts by weight of calcium glycerophosphate 20.000000 ammonium phosphate 32.000000 potassium nitrate ~
12.020000 glucose ~ :
12.020000 saccharose : :
1.202000 succinic acid and 0.242000 citric acid 0.242000 tartaric acid 0.242000 malic acid 0.482000 sodium benzoate :
0.004000 tyrosine 0.012000 inosite 0.02000 ascorbic acid 0.00024 thiamine 0.006000 cysteine 0.000036 kinetin 0.000036 indolylacetic acid 1.390000 aluminium silicate and 0.135808 potassium sulphate in a coating drum with built-in mixing tools for 10 minutes. For the agglomeration of the micro-active substance granulate into the N-P-K granulate, to form the material bridges, 5 parts of an MDI-isocyanate/polyol mixture were added slowly, homogeneously distributed and spontaneously completely hardened by gassing with dimethylisopropylamine.
,~ ,, ~ ", - . ,, r/,. .. .
Example 5 92 parts of a microgranulate with a particle-size distribution of 0.1 to 0.3 mm and of the composition 23.5 parts potassium chloride 50.5 parts potassium sulphate and 26.0 parts potassium nitrate, are continuously coated and hardened in a fluidised bed apparatus with 8 parts of an MDI-isocyanate/polyol mixture, which is mixed before entering the nozzle by a static tube mixer in the ratio 50:50, in which the eddying air is circulated, for hardening this composition contains 1 percent by volume of the catalyst triethylamine and has the coating rate of 0.5 parts MDI-isocyanate/polyol mixture per minute.
30.5 parts of the NK-microgranulate thus produced, with the composition 3.31 % nitrogen and 49.83 % potassium oxide are put into a coating drum, in which there are 66.5 parts of pressed granulate with a particle-size distribution of 2 to 4 mm, prepared from 14.40 parts diammonium phosphate 17.70 parts of urea 46.00 parts of urea-formaldehyde condensate 12.40 parts magnesium phosphate 1.20 parts magnesium oxide 5.80 parts phosphoric acid and 2.20 parts of a trace-element mixture, which is composed of 21.00 parts boric acid -23.50 parts copper sulphate x 5 hydrate :~
21.50 parts disodium ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid iron(II)chelate 1.50 parts of iron(II)sulphate .,, . , . . - , , :
~-, .... . . . . . ... .
20(~8~8~
23.50 parts of manganese sulphate x 1 hydrate 7.50 parts zinc sulphate x 7 hydrate 1.50 parts sodium molybdate x 7 hydrate. -~
The coating drum contains counter-rotating mixing blades for homogeneous distribution of the granulates. After 10 minutes in operation, 3 parts of the MDI-isocyanate/
mixture homogenised in the static tube mixer in the ratio 10 50 : 50 are added, while the drum is rotating, through a ~ -dropping screen which covers the whole width of the fluidised bed, with the peripheral velocity adjusted so that during the dosing and the subsequent 5 mlnute post-mixing time, an even distribution of the granulates takes place. For the final fixation of the NK-components on the pressed granulate, an air stream saturated with dimethylisopropylamine catalyst is passed over the .
granulate flow-bed for spontaneous hardening of the binding agent mixture. The excess catalyst is removed with compressed air and the hardened agglomerates are removed from the rotating drum.
~ ::;. ~
- ' : .',,, , . '' , ' , ~ , , - i :
Claims (6)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Moulded bodies containing all the nutrients, active substances, plant-treatment agents and auxiliary substances necessary for the optimum nutrition of plant cultures, the particles of which are agglomerated by means of material bridges.
2. Moulded bodies according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one of the nutrients, active substances, plant-treatment agents and auxiliary substances is coated with a synthetic resin.
3. Moulded body according to claim 1, characterised in that the material bridges consist of a binding agent.
4. Moulded body according to claim 3, characterised in that the binding agent is a glue, a natural or synthetic resin or wax, a contact or hot-melt adhesive or a reaction resin.
5. Moulded body according to claim 4, characterised in that the reaction resin is an epoxide or a polyurethane.
6. Process for the preparation of moulded bodies according to claim 1, characterised in that the nutrients, active substances, plant-treatment agents and auxiliary substances are mixed with the binding agent, divided into portions and then hardened by thermal or chemical means.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3902848.8 | 1989-01-27 | ||
| DE3902848A DE3902848A1 (en) | 1989-01-27 | 1989-01-27 | FORMKOERPER FOR NUTRITION OF PLANT CULTURES AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2008680A1 true CA2008680A1 (en) | 1990-07-27 |
Family
ID=6373156
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002008680A Abandoned CA2008680A1 (en) | 1989-01-27 | 1990-01-26 | Moulded bodies for the nutrition of plant cultures and a process for their preparation |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0380193A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH02289482A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1044450A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU4869590A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9000319A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2008680A1 (en) |
| CS (1) | CS31690A2 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD291746A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3902848A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI900419A0 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU900365D0 (en) |
| IE (1) | IE900226L (en) |
| IL (1) | IL93102A0 (en) |
| MA (1) | MA21798A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO900380L (en) |
| PT (1) | PT92977A (en) |
| TN (1) | TNSN90010A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA90603B (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO981350L (en) | 1997-03-26 | 1998-09-28 | Central Glass Co Ltd | Coated granular fertilizer and process for its preparation |
| FR2873539B1 (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2007-04-27 | Claude Tripette | FERTILIZER AND / OR ACTIVATOR COMPOSITION OF PLANT GROWTH, IN PARTICULAR IN THE FIELD OF SILVICULTURE |
| US8399020B2 (en) | 2004-10-12 | 2013-03-19 | Everris International B.V. | Shaped plant growth nutrient products and processes for the production thereof |
| US10640430B2 (en) * | 2014-01-31 | 2020-05-05 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Fertilizer capsule comprising one or more cores and method of making same |
| CN110981585B (en) | 2014-05-05 | 2023-04-07 | 赛贝克环球科技公司 | Coated granular fertilizer, method for producing same and method for fertilizing same |
| CN104961614B (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2021-05-25 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所 | Organic-inorganic drip irrigation fertilizer for Hami melons |
| CN108602730A (en) | 2016-02-08 | 2018-09-28 | 沙特基础工业全球技术有限公司 | The method for preparing fertilizer kind core |
| EP3612506A1 (en) | 2017-04-19 | 2020-02-26 | SABIC Global Technologies B.V. | Enhanced efficiency fertilizer with urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor separated within the same particle |
| CN110770194A (en) | 2017-04-19 | 2020-02-07 | 沙特基础工业全球技术公司 | Synergistic fertilizer with urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor in separate granules |
| CN110770195B (en) | 2017-04-20 | 2022-08-23 | 沙特基础工业全球技术公司 | Enhanced fertilizer with embedded powder composition |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL292143A (en) * | 1962-05-01 | |||
| US4055974A (en) * | 1976-03-05 | 1977-11-01 | International Spike, Inc. | Disintegratable fertilizer tablet |
| JPS57129894A (en) * | 1981-02-04 | 1982-08-12 | Nippon Shokusei Kk | Super slow release fertilizer |
| JPS58181782A (en) * | 1982-04-16 | 1983-10-24 | 日本ポリウレタン工業株式会社 | Manufacture of granulated fertilizer or agricultural drug |
| DE3544451C1 (en) * | 1985-12-16 | 1987-01-15 | Ashland Suedchemie Kernfest | Process for producing a water-permeable coating on granular, water-soluble substances and its application |
-
1989
- 1989-01-27 DE DE3902848A patent/DE3902848A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-01-18 IL IL93102A patent/IL93102A0/en unknown
- 1990-01-22 MA MA21994A patent/MA21798A1/en unknown
- 1990-01-22 IE IE900226A patent/IE900226L/en unknown
- 1990-01-23 AU AU48695/90A patent/AU4869590A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-01-23 CS CS90316A patent/CS31690A2/en unknown
- 1990-01-25 DD DD90337333A patent/DD291746A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-01-25 CN CN90100475A patent/CN1044450A/en active Pending
- 1990-01-25 BR BR909000319A patent/BR9000319A/en unknown
- 1990-01-26 HU HU90365A patent/HU900365D0/en unknown
- 1990-01-26 TN TNTNSN90010A patent/TNSN90010A1/en unknown
- 1990-01-26 NO NO90900380A patent/NO900380L/en unknown
- 1990-01-26 CA CA002008680A patent/CA2008680A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-01-26 JP JP2015154A patent/JPH02289482A/en active Pending
- 1990-01-26 EP EP19900250021 patent/EP0380193A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-01-26 FI FI900419A patent/FI900419A0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-01-26 PT PT92977A patent/PT92977A/en unknown
- 1990-01-27 ZA ZA90603A patent/ZA90603B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA90603B (en) | 1990-11-28 |
| HU900365D0 (en) | 1990-05-28 |
| JPH02289482A (en) | 1990-11-29 |
| PT92977A (en) | 1990-07-31 |
| AU4869590A (en) | 1990-08-02 |
| TNSN90010A1 (en) | 1991-03-05 |
| NO900380D0 (en) | 1990-01-26 |
| DE3902848A1 (en) | 1990-08-02 |
| FI900419A0 (en) | 1990-01-26 |
| IE900226L (en) | 1990-07-27 |
| EP0380193A3 (en) | 1990-09-19 |
| MA21798A1 (en) | 1990-12-31 |
| EP0380193A2 (en) | 1990-08-01 |
| CS31690A2 (en) | 1991-07-16 |
| BR9000319A (en) | 1990-11-27 |
| IL93102A0 (en) | 1990-11-05 |
| DD291746A5 (en) | 1991-07-11 |
| NO900380L (en) | 1990-07-30 |
| CN1044450A (en) | 1990-08-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| FZDE | Discontinued |