CN113754488A - Humic acid slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Humic acid slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113754488A CN113754488A CN202111063684.6A CN202111063684A CN113754488A CN 113754488 A CN113754488 A CN 113754488A CN 202111063684 A CN202111063684 A CN 202111063684A CN 113754488 A CN113754488 A CN 113754488A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/37—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with a polymer
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a humic acid slow release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, the humic acid slow release fertilizer comprises an inorganic fertilizer and a humic acid coating layer coated on the inorganic fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic fertilizer to the humic acid coating layer is 95-98: 2-5; the humic acid coating layer comprises humic acid: film-forming agent: the soil conditioner is 3-5:2-4: 1-2; the film forming agent comprises starch: polyvinyl alcohol: polyacrylic acid: sodium silicate 2-4:1-2:1-1.5: 2-4. According to the invention, humic acid is used as a coating layer, so that pollution-free slow release of the fertilizer can be effectively realized, and meanwhile, the quantity of water stability aggregates in soil can be effectively increased by utilizing the soil improvement effect of beta-cyclodextrin, so that the soil structure is effectively improved, the water and fertilizer storage capacity of the soil is improved, and the problems of soil pollution and difficulty in effective water and fertilizer storage of the existing resin coated slow release fertilizer are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, in particular to a humic acid slow release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the use of chemical fertilizers becomes an important assistance for agricultural production, but the problems of improper fertilizer application, low utilization rate and the like exist in the use process of the existing chemical fertilizers, so the slow release fertilizer technology capable of effectively controlling the release speed of the fertilizer, reducing the fertilizer application times and improving the fertilizer utilization rate gradually becomes the research focus of the existing chemical fertilizer industry, the development of the slow release fertilizer is developed from urea modified urea-formaldehyde slow release fertilizer to sulfur coated urea slow release fertilizer to the nearest resin coated slow release fertilizer, but the existing resin coated slow release fertilizer also has the defects of easy soil pollution, difficult effective water and fertilizer retention and the like, and a novel slow release fertilizer which can effectively retain water and fertilizer and is friendly to the environment is urgently needed at present.
Patent CN112624880A discloses a compound fertilizer formula for garden trees and a preparation method thereof, wherein the compound fertilizer formula comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of triethanolamine, 25-45 parts of phenoxyethanol, 10-20 parts of carboxymethyl benzoate, 1-5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 6-10 parts of indoleacetic acid, 10-15 parts of fulvic acid, 15-25 parts of humic acid and 1-5 parts of trace elements; 18-28 parts of urea and 22-36 parts of phosphate fertilizer; wherein the microelements comprise sodium citrate, copper sulfate, EDTA chelated zinc and calcium silicate, and the weight ratio of the sodium citrate to the copper sulfate to the EDTA chelated zinc to the calcium silicate is 4:5:3: 2. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing raw materials according to the weight components, adding urea and phosphate fertilizer in the raw materials into a wall breaking machine for mixing and crushing, adding the crushed powder into a heating furnace for heating and melting at 100-120 ℃, wherein the heating time is 80-100 min; (2) adding triethanolamine, phenoxyethanol, carboxymethyl benzoate, carboxymethyl cellulose, indoleacetic acid, fulvic acid, humic acid and trace elements in the raw materials into a grinder for grinding, and sieving the ground mixture through a 180-mesh and 200-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder; (3) adding the mixed powder in the step (2) and the molten material in the step (1) into a stirrer together for stirring and mixing, and vibrating a material box of the stirrer through a vibrator for 15-20 min; (4) pouring the mixed slurry obtained in the step (3) into a tower from the top of the high granulation tower, and ventilating upwards at the bottom of the high granulation tower, so that the slurry interacts with wind from bottom to top in the process of flowing from the top to the bottom of the tower, and the slurry can slowly descend, and the slurry is manufactured into fertilizer particles and slowly falls out from the bottom of the tower in the process; (5) and (4) screening the fertilizer particles prepared in the step (4) to leave fertilizer particles with the particle size of 2-4 mm, and then weighing and packaging to obtain the compound fertilizer for the garden trees. The method uses phenoxyethanol and carboxymethyl benzoate, which are difficult to decompose by microorganism, have certain toxicity, and easily cause soil pollution.
Patent CN111662121A discloses a slow-release type bulk blending fertilizer, which is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 5-25 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 7-35 parts of potassium sulfate, 20-70 parts of coated urea, 6-20 parts of borax, 1-10 parts of amino acid chelated zinc, 1-10 parts of nitrification inhibitor, 10-20 parts of anti-caking agent, 2-18 parts of attapulgite, 3-11 parts of straw, 2-15 parts of soybean meal, 2-12 parts of vinasse, 3-17 parts of biological agent and 2-14 parts of plant growth regulator. The preparation method of the slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps: (1) weighing monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, borax, amino acid chelated zinc and attapulgite according to a proportion, crushing and sieving for later use; (2) proportionally placing the biological agent, the straw, the soybean meal and the vinasse into a closed container after stirring, and fermenting for 3-9 days at 40-80 ℃ for later use; (3) mixing polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane and cellulose, adding the mixture into an organic solvent, continuously stirring to dissolve the mixture, heating the mixture, spraying a dispersion liquid for preparing a coating material on the surface of granular urea, and drying the coating material to prepare coated urea; (4) mixing the products obtained in the steps, adding the nitrification inhibitor and the plant growth regulator according to the proportion, mixing and stirring, drying, and putting into a granulator for granulation to obtain the fertilizer. The scheme uses an organic solvent, so that pollution residue is easily caused, and the mixed granulation mode adopted by the method easily causes the organic fertilizer to be lost by water flow impact, so that the slow release effect of the fertilizer is influenced.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a humic acid slow release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof to solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the first object of the invention is to provide a humic acid slow release fertilizer, which can effectively realize pollution-free slow release of the fertilizer by using humic acid as a coating layer, and can effectively increase the number of water-stable aggregates in soil by utilizing the soil improvement effect of beta-cyclodextrin, thereby effectively improving the soil structure, improving the water and fertilizer storage capacity of the soil, and solving the problems of soil pollution and difficult effective water and fertilizer storage of the existing resin coated slow release fertilizer.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the humic acid slow release fertilizer, which has simple process and low production cost.
One of the purposes of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the humic acid slow release fertilizer comprises an inorganic fertilizer and a humic acid coating layer coated on the inorganic fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic fertilizer to the humic acid coating layer is 95-98: 2-5; the humic acid coating layer comprises humic acid: film-forming agent: the soil conditioner is 3-5:2-4: 1-2; the film forming agent comprises starch: polyvinyl alcohol: polyacrylic acid: sodium silicate 2-4:1-2:1-1.5: 2-4.
Further, the inorganic fertilizer comprises three or more of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, water-soluble potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, water-soluble potassium nitrate, water-soluble monopotassium phosphate and potassium sulfate.
Further, the inorganic fertilizer comprises the urea, the ammonium sulfate, the monoammonium phosphate and the potassium sulfate in parts by mass ratio of 35:5:32: 28.
Further, the humic acid comprises fulvic acid.
Further, the soil conditioner comprises beta-cyclodextrin.
Further, in the film forming agent, the starch: the polyvinyl alcohol: the polyacrylic acid: the sodium silicate is 3:1.5:1: 2.5.
The second purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
a process for preparing the slow-release humic acid fertilizer includes such steps as mixing humic acid with water
(1) Mixing the inorganic fertilizers, performing high tower spraying granulation to obtain granular fertilizers, screening in a granulation tower, and naturally cooling;
(2) uniformly mixing the humic acid, the film forming agent and the soil conditioner to obtain a humic acid coating agent, wherein the mixing mode is one of spraying and dripping;
(3) and (3) uniformly spraying the humic acid coating agent prepared in the step (2) onto the surface of the granular fertilizer prepared in the step (1), coating the granular fertilizer by using a drum in a coating area, then drying the fertilizer in a drying area at a low temperature, and cooling the fertilizer by using a cooling machine to obtain the humic acid slow release fertilizer.
Further, the thickness of the humic acid coating layer is 0.02mm-0.1 mm.
Further, the particle size of the granular fertilizer is 2-4.75 mm.
Further, the low-temperature drying temperature is 50-120 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the humic acid slow release fertilizer, a traditional organic coating layer is not used, but humic acid is used as the coating layer, so that the activity and the quantity of microorganisms in soil are effectively improved, meanwhile, film forming materials such as starch, polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylic acid are used, the film forming property and the water resistance of the coating layer are improved, in addition, the beta-cyclodextrin added into the coating layer can effectively increase the quantity of water stability aggregates in the soil, so that the soil structure is effectively improved, the water and fertilizer storage capacity of the soil is improved, and the problems of soil pollution and difficulty in effective water and fertilizer storage of the existing resin coated slow release fertilizer are solved.
2. The preparation method of the humic acid slow release fertilizer mainly comprises three stages of inorganic fertilizer high tower granulation, humic acid coating agent mixing and forming and coating agent and inorganic fertilizer mixing and coating, and has the advantages of simple process, no introduction of components such as organic solvent and the like and low production cost.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be noted that, without conflict, any combination between the embodiments or technical features described below may form a new embodiment.
The humic acid slow release fertilizer comprises an inorganic fertilizer and a humic acid coating layer coated on the inorganic fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic fertilizer to the humic acid coating layer is 95-98: 2-5; the humic acid coating layer comprises humic acid: film-forming agent: the soil conditioner is 3-5:2-4: 1-2; the film forming agent comprises starch: polyvinyl alcohol: polyacrylic acid: sodium silicate 2-4:1-2:1-1.5: 2-4.
The humic acid slow release fertilizer comprises an inorganic fertilizer and a humic acid coating layer coated on the inorganic fertilizer, wherein the humic acid coating layer comprises humic acid, a film forming agent and a soil conditioner, and the humic acid can play a good role in promoting the life activities of soil microorganisms; the film forming agent comprises starch, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid and sodium silicate, the polyvinyl alcohol has excellent film forming performance but poor water resistance, the polyacrylic acid and the polyvinyl alcohol have good compatibility, and the blending of the polyvinyl alcohol and the polyacrylic acid can greatly improve the water resistance of the formed film; the size of the starch component can effectively adjust the degradation speed of the coating layer, thereby effectively controlling the slow release time of the fertilizer; the sodium silicate can improve the adhesive force to soil by a film layer, can effectively improve the compressive strength and water resistance of a formed film, and is also a silicon fertilizer; the soil conditioner is beta-cyclodextrin, which can effectively increase the number of water stability aggregates in soil, effectively improve soil structure and improve water and fertilizer storage capacity of soil, thereby solving the problems of soil pollution and difficult effective water and fertilizer storage of the existing resin coated slow release fertilizer.
In a further embodiment, the inorganic fertilizer includes three or more of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, water-soluble potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, water-soluble potassium nitrate, water-soluble monopotassium phosphate, and potassium sulfate, and further, the inorganic fertilizer can achieve balanced nutrition.
As a further embodiment, the inorganic fertilizer comprises 35:5:32:28 parts by weight of urea, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, so that the utilization of the nutrient elements of the inorganic fertilizer is maximized.
As a further embodiment, the humic acid comprises fulvic acid, thereby improving solubility and film forming properties.
As a further embodiment, the soil conditioner comprises beta-cyclodextrin, so that the quantity of water-stable aggregates in soil is effectively increased, and simultaneously, the soil structure can be effectively improved, and the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil can be improved.
As a further embodiment, in the film forming agent, the ratio of starch: polyvinyl alcohol: polyacrylic acid: sodium silicate 3:1.5:1:2.5, and then the optimal film forming performance is realized.
The second purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
a process for preparing the slow-release humic acid fertilizer includes such steps as mixing humic acid with water
(1) Mixing inorganic fertilizers, performing high-tower spraying granulation to obtain granular fertilizers, screening in a granulation tower, and naturally cooling;
(2) uniformly mixing humic acid, a film forming agent and a soil conditioner to obtain a humic acid coating agent, wherein the mixing mode is one of spraying or dripping;
(3) and (3) uniformly spraying the humic acid coating agent prepared in the step (2) onto the surface of the granular fertilizer prepared in the step (1), carrying out drum coating in a coating area, then, carrying out low-temperature drying in a drying area, and cooling in a cooling machine to obtain the humic acid slow release fertilizer.
As a further implementation mode, the thickness of the humic acid coating layer is 0.02mm-0.1mm, so that the slow release time of the fertilizer is effectively controlled, and the utilization efficiency of crops is improved.
As a further implementation mode, the particle size of the granular fertilizer is 2-4.75 mm, so that the slow release time of the fertilizer is effectively controlled, and the utilization efficiency of crops is improved.
As a further implementation mode, the temperature of low-temperature drying is 50-120 ℃, and further the film forming effect is effectively realized.
The following are specific examples of the present invention, and raw materials, equipments and the like used in the following examples can be obtained by purchasing them unless otherwise specified.
Example 1:
the humic acid slow release fertilizer comprises the inorganic fertilizer and a humic acid coating layer, wherein the humic acid coating layer is 97: 3; the humic acid coating layer comprises humic acid: film-forming agent: the soil conditioner is 4:3: 2; the film forming agent comprises starch: polyvinyl alcohol: polyacrylic acid: sodium silicate 3:1.5:1: 2.5.
The inorganic fertilizer comprises urea, ammonium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate.
The urea comprises the ammonium sulfate, the monoammonium phosphate and the potassium sulfate in parts by mass, wherein the parts by mass are 35:5:32: 28.
The humic acid is fulvic acid.
The soil conditioner is beta-cyclodextrin.
The preparation method of the humic acid slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps of
(1) Mixing the inorganic fertilizers, performing high tower spraying granulation to obtain granular fertilizers, screening in a granulation tower, and naturally cooling;
(2) uniformly mixing the humic acid, the film forming agent and the soil conditioner to obtain a humic acid coating agent, wherein the mixing mode is one of spraying and dripping;
(3) and (3) uniformly spraying the humic acid coating agent prepared in the step (2) onto the surface of the granular fertilizer prepared in the step (1), coating the granular fertilizer by using a drum in a coating area, then drying the fertilizer in a drying area at a low temperature, and cooling the fertilizer by using a cooling machine to obtain the humic acid slow release fertilizer.
The thickness of the humic acid coating layer is 0.06 mm.
The particle size of the granular fertilizer is 2.5 mm.
The temperature of the low-temperature drying is 70 ℃.
Comparative example 1:
comparative example 1 in comparison to example 1, comparative example 1 did not add a film former and the remainder was identical to example 1.
Example 2:
the humic acid slow release fertilizer comprises the inorganic fertilizer and a humic acid coating layer, wherein the mass part ratio of the inorganic fertilizer to the humic acid coating layer is 95: 3; the humic acid coating layer comprises humic acid: film-forming agent: the soil conditioner is 5:3: 1.5; the film forming agent comprises starch: polyvinyl alcohol: polyacrylic acid: sodium silicate 4:1:1: 2.
The inorganic fertilizer comprises urea, ammonium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate.
The urea comprises the ammonium sulfate, the monoammonium phosphate and the potassium sulfate in parts by mass, wherein the parts by mass are 35:5:32: 28.
The humic acid is fulvic acid.
The soil conditioner is beta-cyclodextrin.
The preparation method of the humic acid slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps of
(1) Mixing the inorganic fertilizers, performing high tower spraying granulation to obtain granular fertilizers, screening in a granulation tower, and naturally cooling;
(2) uniformly mixing the humic acid, the film forming agent and the soil conditioner to obtain a humic acid coating agent, wherein the mixing mode is one of spraying and dripping;
(3) and (3) uniformly spraying the humic acid coating agent prepared in the step (2) onto the surface of the granular fertilizer prepared in the step (1), coating the granular fertilizer by using a drum in a coating area, then drying the fertilizer in a drying area at a low temperature, and cooling the fertilizer by using a cooling machine to obtain the humic acid slow release fertilizer.
The thickness of the humic acid coating layer is 0.02 mm.
The particle size of the granular fertilizer is 3 mm.
The temperature of the low-temperature drying is 80 ℃.
Comparative example 2:
comparative example 2 in comparison to example 2, comparative example 2 did not add a film former and the remainder was identical to example 2.
Example 3:
the humic acid slow release fertilizer comprises the inorganic fertilizer and a humic acid coating layer, wherein the mass part ratio of the inorganic fertilizer to the humic acid coating layer is 96: 3; the humic acid coating layer comprises humic acid: film-forming agent: the soil conditioner is 5:3: 1; the film forming agent comprises starch: polyvinyl alcohol: polyacrylic acid: sodium silicate 2:1:1: 2.
The inorganic fertilizer comprises urea, ammonium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate.
The urea comprises the ammonium sulfate, the monoammonium phosphate and the potassium sulfate in parts by mass, wherein the parts by mass are 35:5:32: 28.
The humic acid is fulvic acid.
The soil conditioner is beta-cyclodextrin.
The preparation method of the humic acid slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps of
(1) Mixing the inorganic fertilizers, performing high tower spraying granulation to obtain granular fertilizers, screening in a granulation tower, and naturally cooling;
(2) uniformly mixing the humic acid, the film forming agent and the soil conditioner to obtain a humic acid coating agent, wherein the mixing mode is one of spraying and dripping;
(3) and (3) uniformly spraying the humic acid coating agent prepared in the step (2) onto the surface of the granular fertilizer prepared in the step (1), coating the granular fertilizer by using a drum in a coating area, then drying the fertilizer in a drying area at a low temperature, and cooling the fertilizer by using a cooling machine to obtain the humic acid slow release fertilizer.
The thickness of the humic acid coating layer is 0.08 mm.
The particle size of the granular fertilizer is 4 mm.
The temperature of the low-temperature drying is 90 ℃.
Comparative example 3:
comparative example 3 in comparison to example 3, comparative example 3 did not add a film former and the remainder was identical to example 3.
Example 4:
the humic acid slow release fertilizer comprises the inorganic fertilizer and a humic acid coating layer, wherein the humic acid coating layer is 98: 3; the humic acid coating layer comprises humic acid: film-forming agent: the soil conditioner is 3:2: 2; the film forming agent comprises starch: polyvinyl alcohol: polyacrylic acid: sodium silicate 2:1:1: 4.
The inorganic fertilizer comprises urea, ammonium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate.
The urea comprises the ammonium sulfate, the monoammonium phosphate and the potassium sulfate in parts by mass, wherein the parts by mass are 35:5:32: 28.
The humic acid is fulvic acid.
The soil conditioner is beta-cyclodextrin.
The preparation method of the humic acid slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps of
(1) Mixing the inorganic fertilizers, performing high tower spraying granulation to obtain granular fertilizers, screening in a granulation tower, and naturally cooling;
(2) uniformly mixing the humic acid, the film forming agent and the soil conditioner to obtain a humic acid coating agent, wherein the mixing mode is one of spraying and dripping;
(3) and (3) uniformly spraying the humic acid coating agent prepared in the step (2) onto the surface of the granular fertilizer prepared in the step (1), coating the granular fertilizer by using a drum in a coating area, then drying the fertilizer in a drying area at a low temperature, and cooling the fertilizer by using a cooling machine to obtain the humic acid slow release fertilizer.
The thickness of the humic acid coating layer is 0.1 mm.
The particle size of the granular fertilizer is 4.75 mm.
The temperature of the low-temperature drying is 110 ℃.
Comparative example 4:
comparative example 4 compared to example 4, comparative example 4 did not have a humic acid coating layer added, and the rest was identical to example 4.
The humic acid slow release fertilizer prepared in the examples 1 to 4 and the comparative examples 1 to 4 is subjected to a release rate test with reference to GB/T23348-2009, wherein the test temperature is 25 ℃, and the test time is 24h, 7d, 28d, 56d and 90 d. Table 1 shows the cumulative nutrient release rate results for the various examples and comparative examples.
TABLE 1 results of cumulative nutrient release rates for various examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the nutrient release rates of the fertilizer are faster because no film-forming agent is added in the comparative example groups 1-3 and no humic acid coating layer is added in the comparative example 4, and the nutrient release rate of the example group is obviously lower than that of the comparative example group, so that the slow release effect of the fertilizer can be effectively realized.
The humic acid slow release fertilizer prepared in example 1 to example 4 and comparative example 1 to comparative example 4 was subjected to soil water retention measurement, 1g of humic acid slow release fertilizer particles and 200g of dry soil (sieved with a 20-mesh sieve) were thoroughly mixed at room temperature, weighed as a, and allowed to stand in a 500mL beaker. Tap water was added to each beaker to saturate the soil sample and weighed every 2 days as a 1. Meanwhile, a blank experiment is carried out without adding fertilizer particles, and other conditions are the same. The water retention performance of the fertilizer on soil is evaluated by the ratio of a1 to a. Table 2 shows the soil water holding capacity results for the different examples and comparative examples.
TABLE 2 soil water holding capacity results table for different examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the moisture volatilization rates of the soil conditioner are higher because no film-forming agent is added in the comparative example groups 1-3 and no humic acid coating layer is added in the comparative example group 4, and the moisture volatilization rates of the soil conditioner are obviously lower than those of the comparative example group, which shows that the soil conditioner made of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid and the like and the soil conditioner made of beta-cyclodextrin can effectively slow down the evaporation of soil moisture and improve the water retention capacity of the soil.
In conclusion, the humic acid coating layer is used as the degradable slow release layer of the fertilizer, so that the soil structure can be effectively improved, the water and fertilizer storage capacity of the soil can be improved, and the problems of soil pollution and difficulty in effective water and fertilizer storage of the existing resin coated slow release fertilizer are solved.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The humic acid slow release fertilizer is characterized by comprising an inorganic fertilizer and a humic acid coating layer coated on the inorganic fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic fertilizer to the humic acid coating layer is 95-98: 2-5; the humic acid coating layer comprises humic acid: film-forming agent: the soil conditioner is 3-5:2-4: 1-2; the film forming agent comprises starch: polyvinyl alcohol: polyacrylic acid: sodium silicate 2-4:1-2:1-1.5: 2-4.
2. The humic acid slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inorganic fertilizer comprises three or more of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, water-soluble potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, water-soluble potassium nitrate, water-soluble monopotassium phosphate and potassium sulfate.
3. The humic acid slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the inorganic fertilizer comprises urea, ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, and potassium sulfate in parts by mass at 35:5:32: 28.
4. The humic acid slow release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the humic acid comprises fulvic acid.
5. The humic acid slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil conditioner comprises beta-cyclodextrin.
6. The humic acid slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the film forming agent, the starch: the polyvinyl alcohol: the polyacrylic acid: the sodium silicate is 3:1.5:1: 2.5.
7. A method for preparing a humic acid slow release fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which comprises the following steps of
(1) Mixing the inorganic fertilizers, performing high tower spraying granulation to obtain granular fertilizers, screening in a granulation tower, and naturally cooling;
(2) uniformly mixing the humic acid, the film forming agent and the soil conditioner to obtain a humic acid coating agent, wherein the mixing mode is one of spraying and dripping;
(3) and (3) uniformly spraying the humic acid coating agent prepared in the step (2) onto the surface of the granular fertilizer prepared in the step (1), coating the granular fertilizer by using a drum in a coating area, then drying the fertilizer in a drying area at a low temperature, and cooling the fertilizer by using a cooling machine to obtain the humic acid slow release fertilizer.
8. The method for preparing humic acid sustained release fertilizer according to claim 7, wherein the thickness of the humic acid coating layer is 0.02mm-0.1 mm.
9. The method for preparing the humic acid slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the particle size of the granular fertilizer is 2-4.75 mm.
10. The preparation method of the humic acid slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the temperature for low-temperature drying is 50-120 ℃.
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| CN202111063684.6A CN113754488A (en) | 2021-09-10 | 2021-09-10 | Humic acid slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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