CN110981641B - Solid bulk blended fertilizer containing coated synergistic urea and ammonium phosphate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Solid bulk blended fertilizer containing coated synergistic urea and ammonium phosphate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a solid bulk blending fertilizer containing coated synergistic urea and ammonium phosphate and a preparation method thereof, wherein the fertilizer takes the coated synergistic urea, the ammonium phosphate and a water absorbent as raw materials; the mass ratio of the coated synergistic urea to the ammonium phosphate to the water absorbent is (10-95) to (1-5); the coated synergistic urea comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 90-95% of urea, 0.5-3% of binder, 1.5-7% of coating material and 0.1-0.5% of synergist. The bulk blended fertilizer prepared by the invention has the advantages of high utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, long fertilizer efficiency period, high fertilizer efficiency and the like, and solves the problem that the mixed urea and ammonium nitrate are easy to absorb moisture. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple and convenient, does not need complex production equipment, obtains a product in a solid form, has higher nutrient concentration, is convenient to package and transport, and reduces the production cost and the transport cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solid bulk blend fertilizer containing coated synergistic urea and ammonium phosphate nitrate and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers.
Background
The production of urea ammonium nitrate fertilizer begins in the united states of the last 70 th century, and is generally prepared by urea, ammonium nitrate and water, and three nitrogen sources are concentrated into one product, so that the advantages of various nitrogen sources can be exerted, and the urea ammonium nitrate fertilizer is widely used all the time. Since solid urea and ammonium nitrate are very hygroscopic when they are in contact with each other and absorb water to become liquid when exposed to air after mixing, most of the known urea ammonium nitrate fertilizers are in a liquid state, such as: chinese patent document CN105565909A discloses a urea-ammonium nitrate water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of crop water-soluble fertilizers. It uses ammonium nitrate, urea, water, free ammonia and corrosion inhibitor as raw materials. 37-48% of ammonium nitrate, 28-36% of urea, 19-31% of water, 500ppm of free ammonia and 250ppm of corrosion inhibitor; the water soluble fertilizer is in a liquid dosage form, the total nitrogen content of the water soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 422 grams per liter, wherein nitrate nitrogen is more than or equal to 102 grams per liter, ammonium nitrogen is more than or equal to 102 grams per liter, and amide nitrogen is more than or equal to 218 grams per liter, and the water soluble fertilizer is used by adopting a spray irrigation method, a drip irrigation method and a foliar fertilization method. However, after the traditional liquid urea ammonium nitrate is applied to soil, amide nitrogen in the solution is easily converted into ammonium nitrogen, the ammonium nitrogen is converted into nitrate nitrogen and then flows away along with water, and the liquid urea ammonium nitrate fertilizer contains part of water, so that the nutrient concentration is not ideal, the packaging and transportation costs are high, and the used ammonium nitrate also belongs to explosive substances and has potential safety hazards.
Many researches prove that the coated urea can control the release of nutrients by stages, greatly improve the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer and has higher yield effect and ecological environmental benefit. Currently, the most common coating material of urea is resin or sulfur, for example, chinese patent document CN106146225A discloses an organic coating type slow release urea film and a preparation method thereof, wherein the main coating material comprises polymer, tar, rubber, latex, paraffin, asphalt and tung oil. The adhesive also comprises a pore opening agent, wherein the pore opening agent is kaolin, diatomite, bentonite, talcum powder, starch, EVA or a mixture thereof, and the polymer is polyolefin resin, polyethylene, polystyrene or alkyd resin. However, the method has high cost, needs an organic solvent in the production process, and the coating material cannot be utilized by crops, is difficult to degrade in soil and causes environmental pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a solid bulk blended fertilizer containing coated synergistic urea and ammonium phosphate and a preparation method thereof. The coated synergistic urea adopts substances which can be absorbed and utilized by crops as coating materials, and is coated by adding synergistic components, so that the nitrogen fertilizer has high utilization rate, long fertilizer efficiency period, high fertilizer efficiency, low packaging and transportation cost, convenient application and simple preparation, belongs to an environment-friendly fertilizer, and overcomes the technical problem that the urea and ammonium nitrate are easy to absorb moisture after being mixed.
Description of terms:
ammonium phosphate nitrate, solid ammonium nitrate, is limited in use because of the explosive problem, and must be subjected to explosion-proof treatment according to the prior art, and the product after explosion-proof treatment is the ammonium phosphate nitrate.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a solid bulk blend fertilizer containing coated synergistic urea and ammonium phosphorus nitrate takes the coated synergistic urea, the ammonium phosphorus nitrate and a water absorbent as raw materials; the mass ratio of the coated synergistic urea to the ammonium phosphate to the water absorbent is (10-95) to (1-5);
the coated synergistic urea is prepared by spraying a mixed solution of a synergist and a binder on the surface of urea, and then adding a coating material to mix uniformly; the coated synergistic urea comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 90-95% of urea, 0.5-3% of binder, 1.5-7% of coating material and 0.1-0.5% of synergist; the coating material is one or a combination of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and zinc oxide; the synergist is a combination of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, n-butyl thiophosphoryl triamide and 3, 4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate.
According to the invention, the ammonium phosphate nitrate is solid ammonium phosphate nitrate particles, and the diameter of the particles is 2-4 mm.
According to the invention, the water absorbent is preferably the combination of anhydrous calcium chloride and white carbon black; preferably, the anhydrous calcium chloride is solid particles, the particle diameter is 2-4mm, and the white carbon black is precipitated white carbon black; further preferably, the mass ratio of the anhydrous calcium chloride to the white carbon black is (4-5): (1-1.5).
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the urea is solid urea granules having a diameter of 2-4 mm.
According to the invention, the binder is preferably a phosphoric acid solution with the mass fraction of 40-85%.
According to the invention, the coating material is preferably a combination of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and zinc oxide according to the mass ratio of (1-2) to (1-2).
According to the invention, the synergist is a combination of diethylaminoethanol caproate, n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate in a mass ratio of (0.2-0.5) to (0.5-2).
The preparation method of the solid bulk blended fertilizer containing the coated synergistic urea and the ammonium phosphate comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving the synergist into the binder according to the proportion to obtain a mixed solution of the synergist and the binder; then putting the solid urea particles into a coating machine, uniformly spraying a mixed solution of a synergist and a binder on the surfaces of the solid urea particles through an atomizing device at normal temperature, immediately adding a coating material into the coating machine after spraying is finished, and uniformly mixing to obtain coated synergistic urea;
(2) and (2) putting ammonium phosphate nitrate, a water absorbent and the coated synergistic urea prepared in the step (1) into a blender according to the proportion, and fully mixing to prepare the solid bulk blended fertilizer containing the coated synergistic urea and the ammonium phosphate nitrate.
The reaction formula involved in the urea coating of the invention is as follows:
2H3PO4+MO＝M(H2PO4)2+H2o or H3PO4+MO＝MHPO4+H2O
Wherein MO is one or a combination of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and zinc oxide. Phosphoric acid in the reaction formula reacts with oxide to generate a film, and then water generated by the reaction and water carried by the phosphoric acid solution continuously adhere the oxide to the surface of urea to increase the stability of the film.
The invention has the technical characteristics and beneficial effects that:
1. the bulk blending fertilizer prepared by the invention has the advantages of the traditional urea ammonium nitrate solution, contains three forms of nitrogen, namely ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and amide nitrogen, and has balanced and reasonable nutrients. Meanwhile, the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate in the synergist adopted by the blended fertilizer is a safe plant growth regulator, and can effectively regulate and control the growth of crops; the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide is a urease inhibitor, can inhibit the hydrolysis of urea in soil and prolong the fertilizer effect period of the urea; the 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate is a nitrification inhibitor, can inhibit the conversion of ammonium nitrogen in soil to nitrate nitrogen, prevent the loss of a nitrogen fertilizer and improve the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer. The three substances are uniformly dispersed under the action of the binder phosphoric acid solution to form an interlayer between the urea and the coating material, so that the coating effect of the coating material is enhanced. And a large number of experiments prove that the inventor unexpectedly discovers that the three substances realize the synergistic interaction effect, and the effect of the combined use is far higher than that of the single use or the combined use of two substances, so that the bulk blend fertilizer prepared by the invention has the advantages of high nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, long fertilizer efficiency period, high fertilizer efficiency and the like, and compared with the traditional fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is improved by 10-20%, and the yield increase rate is more than 5%.
2. The invention avoids the direct contact of urea and ammonium nitrate phosphorus by coating the urea particles, solves the problem of easy moisture absorption after mixing the urea and the ammonium nitrate, can still keep dry and comfortable after natural placement for 6-10 months, has no obvious moisture absorption, and can carry out mechanical fertilization.
3. The coating material adopted in the invention is one or a combination of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and zinc oxide, contains nutrients of calcium, magnesium and zinc, does not pollute soil, can also provide medium and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, zinc and the like for crops, is easy to be absorbed and utilized by the crops, is environment-friendly, and has a bactericidal effect on the calcium oxide in the soil.
4. The invention adopts anhydrous calcium chloride and white carbon black as water absorbents, can absorb water around the fertilizer, and prevents individual urea particles from absorbing moisture after contacting ammonium nitrate phosphorus due to incomplete coating. Meanwhile, calcium chloride has the function of supplementing calcium element, and white carbon black has the function of preventing fertilizer from caking.
5. Compared with the traditional binders such as attapulgite clay powder and the like, the phosphoric acid solution adopted by the invention is environment-friendly and pollution-free, and can provide phosphorus nutrition for crops.
6. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple and convenient, does not need complex production equipment, obtains a product in a solid form, has higher nutrient concentration, is convenient to package and transport, and reduces the production cost and the transport cost.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions and effects of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but are not limited thereto.
In the examples, the raw materials are commercially available, wherein the white carbon black is precipitated white carbon black.
The percentages in the examples are by mass, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A solid bulk blend fertilizer containing coated synergistic urea and ammonium phosphorus nitrate takes the coated synergistic urea, the ammonium phosphorus nitrate and a water absorbent as raw materials; the mass ratio of the coated synergistic urea to the ammonium phosphate to the water absorbent is 19:19: 2.
The coated synergistic urea consists of 94.8 mass percent of urea, 1.2 mass percent of binder, 3.8 mass percent of coating material and 0.2 mass percent of synergist; wherein the urea is solid particles with the diameter of 3mm, the binder is 60% phosphoric acid solution, the coating material is magnesium oxide, and the synergist is diethylaminoethanol ester according to the mass ratio: n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide: 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate ═ 1:1.5:1.5 in combination.
The ammonium phosphate nitrate is solid particles with the diameter of 3 mm;
the water absorbent is a combination of anhydrous calcium chloride and white carbon black, wherein the diameter of the anhydrous calcium chloride is 3mm, and the mass ratio of the anhydrous calcium chloride to the white carbon black is as follows: precipitated silica ═ 4: 1.
The preparation method of the solid bulk blended fertilizer containing the coated synergistic urea and the ammonium phosphate comprises the following steps:
(1) 1 kg of diethylaminoethanol ester, 1.5 kg of n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and 1.5 kg of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate are dissolved in 24 kg of 60% phosphoric acid solution to obtain a mixed solution of the synergist and the binder. Then 100 kg of solid urea particles are added into a coating machine, 1.48 kg of mixed solution of a synergist and a binder is uniformly sprayed on the surfaces of the solid urea particles through an atomizing device at normal temperature, 4 kg of magnesium oxide is immediately added into the coating machine after the spraying is finished, and the coated synergistic urea is prepared after uniform mixing.
(2) And (2) putting 47.5 kg of ammonium phosphorus nitrate, 5kg of water absorbent and 47.5 kg of coated synergistic urea prepared in the step (1) into a mixer according to the proportion, and fully mixing to prepare the solid bulk blended fertilizer containing the coated synergistic urea and the ammonium phosphorus nitrate.
Through detection, the total content of nitrogen elements in the solid blended fertilizer prepared in the embodiment is 36%, wherein the content of nitrate nitrogen is 7%, the content of ammonium nitrogen is 8%, and the content of amide nitrogen is 21%.
Example 2
A solid bulk blend fertilizer containing coated synergistic urea and ammonium phosphorus nitrate takes the coated synergistic urea, the ammonium phosphorus nitrate and a water absorbent as raw materials; the mass ratio of the coated synergistic urea to the ammonium phosphate to the water absorbent is 58:18: 4.
The coated synergistic urea consists of 93.4 percent of urea, 1.6 percent of binder, 4.7 percent of coating material and 0.3 percent of synergist according to mass percentage; wherein the urea is solid particles with the diameter of 3mm, the binder is 60% phosphoric acid solution, the coating material is zinc oxide, and the synergist is diethylaminoethanol ester according to the mass ratio: n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide: 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate ═ 0.5:2: 1.
The ammonium phosphate nitrate is solid particles with the diameter of 3 mm;
the water absorbent is a combination of anhydrous calcium chloride and white carbon black, wherein the diameter of the anhydrous calcium chloride is 3mm, and the mass ratio of the anhydrous calcium chloride to the white carbon black is as follows: white carbon black is 4: 1.
The preparation method of the solid bulk blended fertilizer containing the coated synergistic urea and the ammonium phosphate comprises the following steps:
(1) 0.5 kg of diethylaminoethanol ester, 2 kg of n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and 1 kg of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate are dissolved in 18.7 kg of 60% phosphoric acid solution to obtain a mixed solution of the synergist and the binder. Then 100 kg of solid urea particles are added into a coating machine, 2 kg of mixed solution of a synergist and a binder is uniformly sprayed on the surfaces of the solid urea particles through an atomizing device at normal temperature, 5kg of zinc oxide is immediately added into the coating machine after the spraying is finished, and the coated synergistic urea is prepared after uniform mixing.
(2) And (2) putting 22.5 kg of ammonium phosphorus nitrate, 5kg of water absorbent and 72.5 kg of coated synergistic urea prepared in the step (1) into a mixer according to the proportion, and fully mixing to prepare the solid bulk blended fertilizer containing the coated synergistic urea and the ammonium phosphorus nitrate.
Through detection, the total content of nitrogen elements in the solid blended fertilizer prepared in the embodiment is 39%, wherein the content of nitrate nitrogen is 4%, the content of ammonium nitrogen is 4%, and the content of amide nitrogen is 31%.
Example 3
A solid bulk blend fertilizer containing coated synergistic urea and ammonium phosphorus nitrate takes the coated synergistic urea, the ammonium phosphorus nitrate and a water absorbent as raw materials; the mass ratio of the coated synergistic urea to the ammonium phosphate to the water absorbent is 25:70: 5.
The coated synergistic urea consists of 93.4 percent of urea, 1.6 percent of binder, 4.7 percent of coating material and 0.3 percent of synergist according to mass percentage; wherein the urea is solid particles with the diameter of 3mm, the binder is 60% phosphoric acid solution, the coating material is calcium oxide, and the synergist is diethylaminoethanol ester according to the mass ratio: n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide: 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate ═ 1:1: 2.
The ammonium phosphate nitrate is solid particles with the diameter of 3 mm;
the water absorbent is a combination of anhydrous calcium chloride and white carbon black, wherein the diameter of the anhydrous calcium chloride is 3mm, and the mass ratio of the anhydrous calcium chloride to the white carbon black is as follows: white carbon black is 4: 1.
The preparation method of the solid bulk blended fertilizer containing the coated synergistic urea and the ammonium phosphate comprises the following steps:
(1) 1 kg of diethylaminoethanol ester, 1 kg of n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and 2 kg of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate are dissolved in 21.3 kg of 60% phosphoric acid solution to obtain a mixed solution of the synergist and the binder. Then 100 kg of solid urea particles are added into a coating machine, 2 kg of mixed solution of a synergist and a binder is uniformly sprayed on the surfaces of the solid urea particles through an atomizing device at normal temperature, 5kg of calcium oxide is immediately added into the coating machine after the spraying is finished, and the coated synergistic urea is prepared after uniform mixing.
(2) And (2) putting 70 kg of ammonium phosphate nitrate, 5kg of water absorbent and 25 kg of coated synergistic urea prepared in the step (1) into a mixer according to the proportion, and fully mixing to prepare the solid bulk blended fertilizer containing the coated synergistic urea and the ammonium phosphate.
Through detection, the total content of nitrogen elements in the solid blended fertilizer prepared in the embodiment is 34%, wherein the content of nitrate nitrogen is 11%, the content of ammonium nitrogen is 12%, and the content of amide nitrogen is 11%.
Example 4
A solid bulk blend fertilizer containing coated synergistic urea and ammonium phosphorus nitrate takes the coated synergistic urea, the ammonium phosphorus nitrate and a water absorbent as raw materials; the mass ratio of the coated synergistic urea to the ammonium phosphate to the water absorbent is 10:10: 1.
The coated synergistic urea consists of 91.3 percent of urea, 1.9 percent of binder, 6.4 percent of coating material and 0.4 percent of synergist according to mass percentage; wherein the urea is solid particles with the diameter of 4mm, the binder is 50% phosphoric acid solution, and the coating material is magnesium oxide: calcium oxide: the zinc oxide is 2:2:1, and the synergist is diethylaminoethanol ester in mass ratio: n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide: 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate ═ 1:1.5:1.5 in combination.
The ammonium phosphate nitrate is solid particles with the diameter of 4 mm;
the water absorbent is a combination of anhydrous calcium chloride and white carbon black, wherein the diameter of the anhydrous calcium chloride is 4mm, and the mass ratio of the anhydrous calcium chloride to the white carbon black is as follows: white carbon black is 4: 1.
The preparation method of the solid bulk blended fertilizer containing the coated synergistic urea and the ammonium phosphate comprises the following steps:
(1) 1 kg of diethylaminoethanol ester, 1.5 kg of n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and 1.5 kg of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate are dissolved in 19 kg of 50% phosphoric acid solution to obtain a mixed solution of the synergist and the binder. Then 100 kg of solid urea particles are added into a coating machine, 2.5 kg of mixed solution of a synergist and a binder is uniformly sprayed on the surfaces of the solid urea particles through an atomizing device at normal temperature, after the spraying is finished, a premixed mixture of 2.8 kg of magnesium oxide, 2.8 kg of calcium oxide and 1.4 kg of zinc oxide is immediately added into the coating machine, and the coated synergistic urea is prepared after uniform mixing.
(2) And (2) putting 50 kg of ammonium phosphorus nitrate, 5kg of water absorbent and 50 kg of coated synergistic urea prepared in the step (1) into a mixer according to the proportion, and fully mixing to prepare the solid bulk blended fertilizer containing the coated synergistic urea and the ammonium phosphorus nitrate.
Through detection, the total content of nitrogen elements in the solid blended fertilizer prepared in the embodiment is 35%, wherein the content of nitrate nitrogen is 7%, the content of ammonium nitrogen is 8%, and the content of amide nitrogen is 20%.
Comparative example 1
The raw materials of the solid bulk blending fertilizer containing the coated synergistic urea and the ammonium phosphate nitrate are the same as those in example 1, except that the solid bulk blending fertilizer does not contain the diethylaminoethanol caproate, and other raw materials and mass ratio are not changed.
The preparation method is the same as that of example 1, except that diethylaminoethanol caproate is not added in step (1), and the rest are the same.
Comparative example 2
The raw materials of the solid bulk blend fertilizer containing the coated synergistic urea and the ammonium phosphate nitrate are the same as those in example 1, except that the solid bulk blend fertilizer does not contain n-butyl thiophosphoryl triamide, and the other raw materials and the mass ratio are not changed.
The preparation method is the same as that of example 1, except that n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide is not added in the step (1).
Comparative example 3
A solid bulk blend fertilizer containing coated synergistic urea and ammonium phosphate nitrate is prepared by the same raw materials as in example 1, except that 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate is not contained, and other raw materials and mass ratios are unchanged.
The procedure is as in example 1, except that 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate is not added in step (1).
Test example 1
50 kg of common urea with the grain diameter of 3mm and 50 kg of ammonium phosphate are mixed evenly and then put into a conventional compound fertilizer package, and the normal seal is set as a comparison example. The solid bulk fertilizers prepared in examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 were respectively put into the same conventional compound fertilizer packages and sealed normally. The control and examples 1 to 4 were left to stand naturally for 10 months from 7 and 18 days in 2017 to 5 and 18 days in 2018. The water absorption rate is detected by opening the bag when the fertilizer is placed for 6 months and 10 months respectively, the appearance state of the fertilizer is observed, and the specific result is shown in table 1.
Table 1: comparative example and examples 1 to 4 Water absorption and appearance after natural standing for 6 months and 10 months
| Numbering | Water absorption of 6 months | Appearance state of 6 months | Water absorption of 10 months | Appearance state of 10 months |
| Comparative example | 8.90％ | Wet and become a whole | 12.35％ | Is in the form of paste |
| Example 1 | 1.30％ | Dry and comfortable without caking | 1.69％ | Dry and comfortable without caking |
| Example 2 | 0.98％ | Dry and comfortable without caking | 1.25％ | Dry and comfortable without caking |
| Example 3 | 1.05％ | Dry and comfortable without caking | 1.63％ | Dry and comfortable without caking |
| Example 4 | 1.13％ | Dry and comfortable without caking | 1.59％ | Dry and comfortable without caking |
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the water absorption of the comparative example reached 8.9% after being left for 6 months, and the appearance was caked due to moisture; the water absorption of the bulk fertilizers prepared in examples 1-4 was 1.5% or less at 6 months, and the appearance was almost unchanged. When the sample is placed for 10 months, the water absorption of the comparative example reaches 12.35 percent, and the appearance is pasty; the water absorption of the bulk fertilizers prepared in examples 1-4 was 1.7% or less at 10 months, and the appearance was almost unchanged. Therefore, the urea granules are coated, so that direct contact between urea and ammonium phosphate nitrate is avoided, the problem that the urea and the ammonium phosphate nitrate are easy to absorb moisture after being mixed is solved, the urea granules can still keep a dry state after being naturally placed for 6-10 months, obvious moisture absorption is avoided, and the urea granules are beneficial to subsequent mechanical fertilization.
Test example 2:
fertilizer efficiency test (synergy test) of solid bulk blended fertilizer
The test crop is corn, the variety is Xian Yu 335, and the field fertilizer efficiency experiment is carried out in Shu county in Shandong province in 6 months in 2014. 10 groups of examples 1-4, comparative examples 1-3 and controls 1-3 are set, and the fertilization method comprises the following steps: equal nitrogen amount fertilization and bottom application are adopted, and the nitrogen fertilizer dosage per mu is 15 kg. Wherein the control group 1 did not apply fertilizer and the other management was the same; the control group 2 used a coated urea controlled release fertilizer with a nitrogen content of 40% and a controlled release period of 3 months, purchased from Jinzhengda ecological engineering group GmbH; the control group 3 used 32% by mass of urea ammonium nitrate liquid fertilizer, available from Shanxi Lexin chemical Co. The emergence rate is measured during the emergence of the corn seedlings, the yield and the root fresh weight growth rate are measured during the harvest, and the influence of each group of fertilizers on the growth of the corn is shown in the following table 2.
Table 2: effect of groups of fertilizers on corn growth
| Treatment of | Rate of emergence (%) | Growth rate of root system fresh weight (%) | Yield increase rate (%) |
| Control 1 | 93.1 | -53.6 | -47.8 |
| Control 2 | 95.6 | 0 | 0 |
| Control 3 | 95.8 | -8.9 | -5.0 |
| Example 1 | 98.5 | 6.3 | 6.7 |
| Example 2 | 97.3 | 5.6 | 5.2 |
| Example 3 | 96.5 | 6.7 | 5.6 |
| Example 4 | 97.6 | 7.3 | 6.2 |
| Comparative example 1 | 96.2 | 3.8 | 3.3 |
| Comparative example 2 | 96.0 | 3.2 | 4.0 |
| Comparative example 3 | 96.1 | 3.9 | 4.1 |
As can be seen from table 2, the control group 1, without the fertilizer treatment, had a significantly lower rate of emergence than the other groups. The control group 2 only uses the controlled release urea, and the emergence rate is 95.6%; the control group 3 used a common urea ammonium nitrate solution with an emergence rate of 95.8%. And after the coated synergistic urea and ammonium phosphate solid mixed fertilizer is applied to the corn in the examples 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-3, the emergence rate of the corn is increased and is over 96 percent. The reason is that the embodiment and the comparative example have partial calcium, zinc, magnesium and other medium trace elements besides nitrogen element, and improve the emergence rate of the corn. Compared with the comparative examples 1 to 3, the emergence rates of the examples 1 to 4 are 97.5% on average, and the emergence rates of the comparative examples 1 to 3 are 96.1% on average, because the synergistic effect of the three synergists, namely diethylaminoethanol caproate (diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate), n-butyl thiophosphoryl triamide and 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate, is realized in the examples 1 to 4, and is better than the combination of the two synergists in the comparative examples 1 to 3.
As can be seen from the root fresh weight growth rate in table 2, the control group 1 did not apply fertilizer, and the root fresh weight was significantly lower than that of the other groups. The fresh weight of the root system of the control group 3 using the common urea ammonium nitrate solution is reduced by 8.9 percent, because the urea ammonium nitrate solution is a quick-acting fertilizer, and the later-stage corn is subjected to fertilizer removal, the root system grows badly, and the fresh weight of the root system is reduced. In examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-3, the fresh weight of the root system is increased by more than 3% after the fertilizer containing the coated synergistic urea and the ammonium phosphate nitrate solid is applied. This is because in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3, diethylaminoethanol caproate (diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate) or n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide or 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate was added in addition to the nitrogen element. Wherein, the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate) can promote the growth of the root system of the corn, and the n-butyl thiophosphoryl triamide can inhibit the activity of urease and prolong the fertilizer efficiency of urea. The 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate is a nitrification inhibitor, can inhibit the conversion of ammonium nitrogen in soil to nitrate nitrogen, prolong the fertilizer effect period of the ammonium nitrogen and improve the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer. In addition, partial calcium, zinc, magnesium and other medium and trace elements exist, and the root growth of the corn is promoted. Compared with the comparative examples 1 to 3, the fresh weight growth rate of the roots of the examples 1 to 4 is 6.5% on average, and the fresh weight growth rate of the roots of the comparative examples 1 to 3 is 3.6% on average, because the three synergists, namely the diethylaminoethanol caproate (diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate), the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and the 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, are contained in the examples, the synergistic effect of the synergists is achieved, and the synergistic effect is better than the combination of the two synergists of the comparative examples 1 to 3.
As can be seen from the corn yields in table 2, control group 1 was treated without fertilizer, and the yields were significantly lower than those of the other groups. The control group 3 used a common urea ammonium nitrate solution, and the yield was reduced by 5.0%, because the urea ammonium nitrate solution was a fast-acting fertilizer, and the corn was deprived of fertilizer at the later stage, resulting in insufficient nutrient supply and reduced yield. And after the coated synergistic urea and ammonium phosphate solid mixed fertilizer is applied to the corn in the examples 1 to 4 and the comparative examples 1 to 3, the emergence rate of the corn is increased, and the yield increase rate is over 3.3 percent. This is because the examples and comparative examples have added diethylaminoethanol caproate (diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate) or n-butylthiophosphoric triamide or 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate in addition to the nitrogen element. Wherein, the diethylaminoethanol caproate (diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate) can promote the increase of the corn yield, and the n-butyl thiophosphoryl triamide can inhibit the urease activity and prolong the urea fertility period. The 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate is a nitrification inhibitor, can inhibit the conversion of ammonium nitrogen in soil to nitrate nitrogen, prolong the fertilizer effect period of the ammonium nitrogen and improve the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer. In addition, partial calcium, zinc, magnesium and other medium and trace elements exist, and the balanced growth of the corn is promoted. The yield increase rates of examples 1 to 4 are 5.9% on average and the yield increase rates of comparative examples 1 to 3 are 3.8% on average, compared with those of comparative examples 1 to 3, because the synergistic effect of the three synergists, namely diethylaminoethanol caproate (diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate), n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate, is better in examples 1 to 4 than the combination of the two synergists in comparative examples 1 to 3.
Claims (6)
1. The solid bulk blended fertilizer containing coated synergistic urea and ammonium phosphorus nitrate is characterized in that the solid bulk blended fertilizer takes the coated synergistic urea, the ammonium phosphorus nitrate and a water absorbent as raw materials; the mass ratio of the coated synergistic urea to the ammonium phosphate to the water absorbent is (10-95) to (1-5);
the coated synergistic urea is prepared by spraying a mixed solution of a synergist and a binder on the surface of urea, and then adding a coating material to mix uniformly; the coated synergistic urea comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 90-95% of urea, 0.5-3% of binder, 1.5-7% of coating material and 0.1-0.5% of synergist; the coating material is a combination of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and zinc oxide; the synergist is a combination of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, n-butyl thiophosphoryl triamide and 3, 4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate; the binder is phosphoric acid solution with the mass fraction of 40-85%;
the mass ratio of the caproic acid diethylaminoethanol ester to the n-butyl thiophosphoric triamide to the 3,4 dimethyl pyrazole phosphate is 1:1.5: 1.5; the mass ratio of the calcium oxide to the magnesium oxide to the zinc oxide is (1-2) to (1-2).
2. The solid bulk fertilizer of claim 1, wherein said ammonium phosphate nitrate is in the form of solid ammonium phosphate nitrate granules having a diameter of 2-4 mm.
3. The solid bulk fertilizer of claim 1, wherein said water absorbent is a combination of anhydrous calcium chloride and white carbon black, the anhydrous calcium chloride is in the form of solid particles having a particle diameter of 2-4mm, and the white carbon black is precipitated white carbon black.
4. The solid bulk fertilizer of claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of anhydrous calcium chloride to white carbon black is (4-5): (1-1.5).
5. The solid bulk fertilizer of claim 1, wherein said urea is in the form of solid urea granules having a diameter of 2 mm to 4 mm.
6. The method of making a solid bulk blend fertilizer containing coated enhanced urea and ammonium phosphate of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) dissolving the synergist into the binder according to the proportion to obtain a mixed solution of the synergist and the binder; then putting the solid urea particles into a coating machine, uniformly spraying a mixed solution of a synergist and a binder on the surfaces of the solid urea particles through an atomizing device at normal temperature, immediately adding a coating material into the coating machine after spraying, and performing coating treatment to prepare coated synergistic urea;
(2) and (2) putting ammonium phosphate nitrate, a water absorbent and the coated synergistic urea prepared in the step (1) into a blender according to the proportion, and fully mixing to prepare the solid bulk blended fertilizer containing the coated synergistic urea and the ammonium phosphate nitrate.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104892166A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-09 | 张彬 | Synergistic ammonium nitrate urea-urea liquid nitrogen fertilizer |
| CN104909964A (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2015-09-16 | 深圳市芭田生态工程股份有限公司 | Slow-release fertilizer and application thereof |
| CN105503280A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-04-20 | 菏泽金正大生态工程有限公司 | Production method for granular compound mixed nitrogen fertilizer |
| CN105948944A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-09-21 | 韩立 | Inorganic coating-type film for slowly releasing urea |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104892166A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-09 | 张彬 | Synergistic ammonium nitrate urea-urea liquid nitrogen fertilizer |
| CN104909964A (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2015-09-16 | 深圳市芭田生态工程股份有限公司 | Slow-release fertilizer and application thereof |
| CN105503280A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-04-20 | 菏泽金正大生态工程有限公司 | Production method for granular compound mixed nitrogen fertilizer |
| CN105948944A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-09-21 | 韩立 | Inorganic coating-type film for slowly releasing urea |
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