CS31690A2 - Shaped particles for plant cultures nurture and method of their production - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to shaped bodies for hatwy, yyyte / y / yrtry.

For the efficient use of fertilizers, which at the same time saves the environment, and is increasingly abandoned by full-scale applications.

It is already known, for example, to apply pre-appropriate amounts of powdered fertilizers to the individual plant setting holes or pots, and to mold the desired size of the molds together with suitable auxiliaries from these mixtures. Products of this kind are available in the shop.

It is also known to treat nutrient carriers in their composition and nutrient release capability by producing mixtures of fertilizers that are adapted to the needs of the plant (DE 3 321 053). culture, optimum nutrient considerably reduced environmental pollution.

The regulation of the nutrient dissolution rate can be achieved through the formation of other granules from soluble nutrient carriers and their subsequent surface treatment. This treatment is usually carried out by plastics, sulfur or other film-forming agents (e.g. DE 3 544 451).

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A disadvantage of the known industrial application foxes, however, is that plant nutrition from heterogeneous mixtures is not optimal in all cases. This disadvantage is particularly pronounced when these mixtures consist of particles of different nutrient content and different grain sizes.

It was therefore an object of the present invention to provide the plant with the amount and composition of nutrients required for optimum nutrition of an individual plant or group of plants associated with a modified nutrient release rate adapted to the need in one shaped body.

The present invention solves this object by a molded body comprising all the active ingredients required for optimum nutrition of the plant cultures, substances for the treatment of restins and auxiliaries, characterized in that their particles are agglomerated by bridges between the individual substances.

A particular embodiment of the molding according to the invention is characterized in that at least one component of the nutrients, active substances, substances for treating plants and auxiliaries is coated with plastic and the bridges between the individual substances consist of a binder.

The binders used according to the invention can be all means which can form a bond between any particle size. Glues, natural or artificial rubbers, waxes, as well as hot-melt or contact adhesives or reaction plastics are particularly suitable. Epoxy resins and polyurethanes have proven to be particularly suitable from the reaction plastics. the nutrients contained in the molding according to the invention are, for example, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ga) as well as trace elements boron, iron, cobalt, me3, manganate , molybdenum and zinc in their chemical compounds for this purpose. Below are typical nutrient combinations of 3 faster release rates adapted to plant demand: Example A for a 4 month culture period of NPK Mg 16-11-14-2 consisting of 70% round granulate coated with 30% compressed granulate, uncoated. Example B for an 8-month cultivation period of NPK Mg 16-10-12-2 consisting of 70% round granulate, coated with 30% compressed granulate, uncoated. Example C for a 4 month NPK cultivation period of 14-8-14 + 0.038 + 0.07 Cu + 0.1 Fe + 0.08 Μη + Ο, ΟΙΜο + 0.02 Zn consisting of 95% compressed granulate coated with 5% microgranulate containing trace elements , uncoated0 released quantity Example

in% ABC in n-days 10 2 2 2 20 4 4 6 (1) 30 6 (1) 6 (1) 10 40 12 (2) 18 (3) 16 (2) 50 22 (3) 42 (6) 24 (3) 60 34 (5) 70 (10) 32 (5) 70 50 (7) 106 (15) 42 (6) 80 74 (10) 148 (20) 62 (9) 90 114 (16) ) 224 (30) 104 (15) The active substances in this context are growth substances, inhibitory substances, nitrification inhibitors and soil vaccines »

Examples include indolylacetic acid, amphtyl acetic acid, gibberellins, cytokinins, stimulator, KKS germination (DE 2 625 39θ), chlormequat, chlorophonium chloride, diaminosides, abscisinic acid, pydanone, maleic hydrazide, isopyrimol N-dimethylaminojuccinic acid, 2-chloro 6-trichloromethyl-pyridine, 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine, sulfanylaminothiazole, dicyandiamide and nitragino

Examples of plant treatment agents are nematocides or soil insecticides such as micro-granules with the active ingredients carbofuran, thiram, terbufos, ethoprofos, bendiocarb and / or aldicarbo.

The auxiliaries in the present invention are understood to mean substances which guarantee the stability of the ingredients, facilitate transport and distribution and prevent sedimentation in the soil and in the plant.

By way of example, chelating agents based on polyphosphates and phosphonic acids, polyamines, amino alcohols and aminopolycarboxylic acids, 2-hydroxycarbonic acids and lignin sulfonic acids; buffer substances such as boric acid, phosphoric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, acid-citric acid, phthalic acid and ammonium, potassium and sodium salts of said acids, glycine, glycylglycine,, tris- (hydroxymethyl) aminoethane, N- (tris- (hydroxymethyl) -methyl) -glycine, piperazine-1,4 (bis-2-ethanesulfonic acid) and its sodium salt or imidazole, and surfactants such as alkanesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ester sulfonates, alkylsulfonates, in particular alkyl benzene sulfonates of the type ethyl benzene sulfonate and alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, ether sulfates, straight and cyclic ammonium compounds, benzalkonium chlorides, quaternary ammonium salts, amine salts, pyridinium salts, polyethers, especially alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, ethoxylated fatty acids, fatty acid amides, fatty amines , fatty acid esters of polyalcohols, glycerol derivatives with a betaine structure or sulfobetaines. The above-mentioned substances may in principle be in the most varied form, for example in the form of powders, crystals, grains, round granules, compressed granules, or in the form of spray-dried granules, with or without conditioning, with or without packaging.

The binder used to form the bridges between the individual components is used in an amount of 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight.

When epoxy resins are used as binders, various systems with epoxide equivalents of 170 to 220 and aliphatic and / or aromatic mono- and polyamine-based surfactants with H-active equivalent weights ranging from 25 to 900 or based on poles have proven useful. mercaptans with H-active equivalent weights ranging from 160 to 220 or based on polyaminoamides with H-active equivalent weights ranging from 90 to 250 and up to 10 wt. reactive diluents from the group of glycidyl ether derivatives with epoxy equivalents ranging from 130 to 360. Preferably, the epoxide resin is an epoxy equivalent epoxy resin in the range of 180 to 190 in a mixture with a polymer-capped tu-chair of H-active equivalent weight of 200 cures with supplied hot air at a temperature of 20 to 120 ° C, preferably at a temperature of 40 to 60 ° C

Also, when polyurethane is used as the binder, various systems with aromatic and / or aliphatic polyisocyanate components of at least two isocyanate groups and polyester polyols and / or polyamides based on aliphatic and / or aromatic base materials have also proven useful.

Polyurethane system based on 4,4-diisocyanate diphenylmethane and polyethoxylated and / or propoxylated substituted tertiary mono-, di- or tri-polyols and / or polyamines with hydroxyl numbers ranging from 50 to 500, especially ethoxylated diamine having a molecular weight of from 1000 to 2000 and a hydroxyl number of from 12 to 180. A stream of warm air at a temperature of 20 to 200 ° C, especially 40 to 80 ° C, can be used to accelerate the reaction.

The polyurethane system consisting of 4,4-diisocyanate diphenylmethane (MDI) and henzyl ether hydroxypolyol is particularly suitable.

The invention also relates to a process for the production of the aforementioned shaped bodies. In this, the nutrients, the active ingredients, the plant treatment agents and the auxiliaries are mixed with the binder, cut, and then thermally or chemically cured.

The molding is carried out by means of molds, not by continuous extrusion or by direct addition of microgranules on the surface of individual grains of granules, the molding having a weight in the range of 0.01 to 100 g, in particular 0.05 to 30 go.

The moldings produced in this way are suitable for targeted plant nutrition, adapted to the need, in the form of a single application in the area of the roots of a given crop, especially for ornamental plants, vegetables, woody plants, nursery plants, afforestation, foliar, pots, holes for plants in free natural, natural and artificial liquid and first substrates atdo

The use of the molded articles according to the invention consists in a single-dose application in an amount, a combination of nutrients and a time-release of nutrients adapted to the needs of the culture. Examples of typical amounts used are contained in the Table below.

Seedlings, depending on nutrient needs 1 to 3 g / pot and liter

Grown plants, 2 to 6 g / pot and liter of nutrient cultures as needed, 2 to 5 g / pot and liter, per 10 liter container 20 to 50 g 10 - Vegetable growing (seedlings) 1.5 to 2 g / pot and liter

Method of peat-bag 4 to 5 g / liter, for example in foil hoses of 50 liters 200 to 250 g and volume 100 liters 400 to 500 g

Planting in the wild 30 to 60 g / 10 liters in the container supplying the hole before planting the plant, as required: 20 to 50 g / plant

Hydro-cultivation as required by nutrients and salt-sensitive cultures as well as 5 g / liter for low salt sensitivity cultures: 10 to 20 g / liter The advantage of the molded articles according to the invention is the efficacy of nutrients while reducing environmental contamination by introducing nutrients into groundwater using targeted local application - 11 fertilizer with nutrient release rate adapted to plant consumption. Fertilizer contains a mixture of all necessary nutrients, all major and micro nutrients with appropriate solubility, which is especially important for application to plant holes or for growing in containers of trees, shrubs, ornamental plants and vegetables. The following examples further illustrate the molding according to the invention as well as the method for producing the same. In these examples, 'parts' mean parts by weight and percent by weight. Example 1 A fertilizer agglomerate for application to holes for planting trees and woods 700 kg of a round coated granulate with a grain size of 2 to 4 mm, with a nutrient composition Ν-Ρ ^ 14 ^ 14 14-8-18 with a release time of 9 months, 300 kg of the pressed granulate with a grain size of 1 to 3 mm, containing the nutrient elements NP-N-K 2 O-MgO 21-10-12-7.5 containing trace elements, are mixed gently and carefully for 20 minutes in a cone mixer. From the cone mixer, the fertilizer mixture is discharged through a chamber-round seal to a screw mixer. Here, 10 kg of binder mixture consisting of 50 parts polyol component consisting of 30 parts of benzyl ether resin with 16.9% hydroxyl content, 60 parts castor oil and 10 parts - 12 - diacetone alcohol, up to 50 parts are slowly added and homogeneously mixed. isocyanate component consisting of isocyanate-containing basic diphenylphenylmethane diisocyanate 30 to 32 The resulting mixture is passed through a discharge molding machine into a forming press to form a strip of this material. g, which cures spontaneously with dimethylisopropylamine in the gas channel. Example 2

Agglomerate Fertilizer Fertilizer in Pots and Vessels 5 parts of binder are added to the 90 parts of the compressed granulate with a grain size of 2.5 to 5 mm and a composition of NF 2 O 4 -i-O-MgO 22-11 - 16.5-3. consisting of 50 parts of ethoxylated ethylenediamine having a molecular weight of l400 and 50 parts of a polyisocyanate of 4,4-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane with an isocyanate content of 30 to 32%, and homogeneously mixed therewith. 5 parts of pressed granulate are added, having a grain size of 0.2 to 1.0 mm and a composition of 2% B, 4% Cu, 2% Fe, 4% Mn, 0.2% Mg and 1% Zn, and all The resulting mixture is pressed in a molding press into a strip which is cut with a cutting wire into 12 g agglomerate molded bodies. These moldings are cured in a thermal tunnel at a temperature of 50 to 60 ° C.

Agglomerate fertilizer for incorporation into culture substrates of 90 parts of a coated granulate having a grain size of 2 to 4 mm containing NP 4 O 4 -K 2 O 14-14-14 nutrients and 4 months of release of nutrients in a rotating drum with a built-in mixer blends for 10 minutes with 5 parts of a microgranulate provided with a fluidized bed coating, with a grain size of between 0.02 and 0.1 mm, and a composition of trace elements, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc contained in Compounds boric acid chelate copper compound with acid sodium methylenediamine tetraacetate chelate compound divalent iron with acid disodium methylenediamine tetraacetic acid 3.45 parts 9.05 parts 14.30 parts manganese chelate compound with disodium methylenediemine tetraacetic acid 11.45 parts heptamolybdane ammonium chelate zinc compound disodium methylenediamine tetreacetic acid granulating aids For the fixation of the mixture by bridging between the components, 5 parts of the polyol isocyanate is slowly added to the mixture. The composition of macro-and microgranulate agglomerates cures spontaneously by spraying dimethylethanolamine. 70 parts of the thus prepared fixed agglomerates are added to 30 parts of the compressed granulate with a grain size of 2-4 mm and the NP ^ -K ^ O-MgO 21-4-14-7 nutrients and the two components are mixed together in a conical mixer for 10 minutes. the mixed granulate has a composition of nutrient (NPK-Mg) 15-10-13-2 with micro-nutrients, characterized by a nutrient release pattern of 4 months, adjusted to the early and later developmental stages of the plant.

Agglomerate fertilizer for root growth in plant cuttings

90 parts of pressed granulate with a grain size of 2-3 mm, consisting of 42 parts of ammonium sulphate containing nitrogen21 35 parts of diammonium phosphate with a nitrogen content of 21% and phosphorus pentoxide 53% and 23 parts of potassium sulphate with a potassium content of 50%, in a fluidized bed coating apparatus, a coating of 10 parts of a mixture of MDI isocyanate, polyol and dimethylaminoethanol, which is obtained by mixing in a static tubular mixer prior to introduction into the coating apparatus, is continuously formed; floating and then cured without energy supply. 98 parts of the NK-granulate thus produced, with nutrient release times of 2-3 months, are mixed homogeneously with 2 parts in 10 minutes of the coated microgranules of active grain size 0.05 to 0.1 mm, consisting of 20 parts of a mixture of MDI. isocyanate with polyol and dimethylethanol and 80 parts of combination of active ingredients with a composition of 20.000000 parts calcium glycerophosphate 20.000000 w ammonium phosphate 32.000000 H potassium nitrate 12.0.20000 H glucose 12.5%; amber and 0.242000 91 citric acid 0.242000, tartaric acid 0.242000 čné malic acid 0.482000 sodného sodium benzoate 0.004000 tyr tyrosine 0.012000 M inositity 0.002000 I1 ascorbic acid 0.000024 th thiamine 0 , 006000 II cysteine 0.000036 H kinetin 0.000036 II indolylacetic acid 1.390000 H aluminum silicate and 0.135808 II potassium sulfate, - 16 in the aging drum with a built-in mixer Pro agl agglomerating the microgranules of the active ingredients onto the N-P-K granules, slowly adding 5 parts of the mixture of MDI-isocyanate to the polyol to form bridges between the components, blending homogeneously and then self-curing with the fed dimethylisopropylamine gas. Example 5

On 92 parts of a microgranulate with a grain size of 0.1 to 0.3 mm and a composition of 23.5 parts of potassium chloride, 50.5 parts of potassium sulfate and 26.0 parts of potassium nitrate are continuously coated in 8 parts of MDI-isocyanate with polyol, which is pre-loaded into the apparatus by mixing in a 50:50 ratio of the vesture tube mixer, and the resulting mixture is cured, the air used in the coating apparatus being recycled and containing 1% by volume triethyl- the amine, and the rate of coating formation corresponds to the consumption of 0.5 parts of MDI isocyanate with the polyol per minute. 30.5 parts of the microgranulate thus produced, with a composition of 3.31% nitrogen and 49.83% potassium oxide, are introduced into a crushing drum which already contains 66.5 parts of pressed granulated-17-year grain size 2 to 4 mm, prepared from 14.40 parts 17.70 "46.00« 12.40 · '1.20 "5.80" 2.20 "urea diammonium phosphate urea condensate with magnesium magnesium phosphate magnesium phosphoric acid and trace elements, consisting of 21, 00 23.50 21.50 1.5023,50 7.50 1.50 Copper sulphate pentahydrate chelate compound divalent ferrous acid disodium methylenediamine tetraacetic acid ferrous sulfate manganese sulphate sulphate sodium zinc molybdate molybdate anhydrate sulfate sulphate hydrate.

The refining drum contains counter-rotating mixing vanes for homogeneous spreading of the granulates. After running the drill drum for 10 minutes, 3 parts of a mixture (5050) of KDI-isocyanate with a polyol, previously homogenized in a static tube mixer, are added by rotating the drum to a capacity rake device extending over the entire width of the granulate, the circumferential speed being controlled by - 18 - so that during the addition of this mixture and then the subsequent 5-minute mixing, the granulate is uniformly rolled. For the final fixation of the NK-component on the compressed granulate, a stream of air saturated with dimethylisopropylamine, as a catalyst for spontaneous curing of the binder mixture, is conducted prior to entrainment of the granulate. and the cured agglomerate empties from the rotating drum ·

Claims (5)

"Ί χ". i, 2Ά PV 316-90 · v T1 fiTcfJTO l / k 1) Formal bodies ο ^ ζο, Αλ ^ 'ΓοΓ nutrition of plant culturesNutrition, active substances, substances for. treatment of plants and excipients, characterized in that their particles are agglomerated by fabric bridges · 2) Moldings according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the nutrients, active ingredients, plant care agents and auxiliaries is coated with a plastic material. 3) The shaped bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that the jagged bridges have individual particles consisting of a binder. 4) Moldings according to claim 3, characterized in that the bonding agent is a glue, a natural or artificial resin or a wax, a contact or melt adhesive or a reaction resin. 5) Moldings according to claim 1, characterized in that the reaction resin is epoxy or polyurethane. I ř