CA1327738C - Expansion of particulate vegetable material - Google Patents
Expansion of particulate vegetable materialInfo
- Publication number
- CA1327738C CA1327738C CA000554066A CA554066A CA1327738C CA 1327738 C CA1327738 C CA 1327738C CA 000554066 A CA000554066 A CA 000554066A CA 554066 A CA554066 A CA 554066A CA 1327738 C CA1327738 C CA 1327738C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- screen
- casing
- separator
- medium
- inlet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/18—Other treatment of leaves, e.g. puffing, crimpling, cleaning
- A24B3/182—Puffing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G53/00—Conveying materials in bulk through troughs, pipes or tubes by floating the materials or by flow of gas, liquid or foam
- B65G53/34—Details
- B65G53/60—Devices for separating the materials from propellant gas
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
- Separating Particles In Gases By Inertia (AREA)
- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
"Improvements Relating to the Expansion of Particulate Vegetable Material"
There is disclosed an improvement to the separator of a tobacco expansion apparatus which overcomes a defect of the prior apparatus which resulted in the presence of lumps of highly toasted material in the expanded vegetable material emanating from the separator. The separation screen extends over the full gas flow cross-section of the casing of the separator at that side of the screen which faces the gaseous medium inlet of the separator.
"Improvements Relating to the Expansion of Particulate Vegetable Material"
There is disclosed an improvement to the separator of a tobacco expansion apparatus which overcomes a defect of the prior apparatus which resulted in the presence of lumps of highly toasted material in the expanded vegetable material emanating from the separator. The separation screen extends over the full gas flow cross-section of the casing of the separator at that side of the screen which faces the gaseous medium inlet of the separator.
Description
` ` 1 327738 IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO THE EXPANSION OF
PARTICUI~TE VEGE~ABLE MATERIAL
The invention the subject of the present application relates to the expansion of particulate vegetable material.
ln the specification of our British Patent application 2,176,385A published December 31, 1986 to which attention is directed, there is described an expansion apparatus comprising gaseous-medium supply means operable to supply hot gaseous-medium, a transport duct, an upstream end of which duct is in gas flow communication with the supply means, feed means operable to feed particulate vegetable material to the transport duct, and a separator of a type similar to that disclosed in United Kingdom patent Specification No. 155175 and United States Patent Specification No. 3,580,844 comprising a casing, a gaseous-medium inlet to the casing, a gaseous-medium outlet from the casing, which outlet i~ disposed generally opposite the gaseous-medium inlet, a gas pervious separation screen extending across the interlor of the casing such that the gaseous-medium inlet and gaseous-medium outlet are at opposite sides of the separation screen, and a vegetable material outlet at the same side of the separation screen as is the gaseous-medium inlet, the gaseous-medium inlet being in gas flow communication with the downstream end of the transport duct. An expansion apparatus comprising these features is referred to hereinafter as an "apparatus as defined".
In an apparatus as defined the separator screen was mounted, for the purposes of cleaning or repair, 80 as to be slidably movable to and from the operative position of the screen. The mounting of the screen for this purpose was by way of elongate mounting brackets secured at the interior surfaces of the separator casing. With the screen disposed in the operative position thereof, the i ~
PARTICUI~TE VEGE~ABLE MATERIAL
The invention the subject of the present application relates to the expansion of particulate vegetable material.
ln the specification of our British Patent application 2,176,385A published December 31, 1986 to which attention is directed, there is described an expansion apparatus comprising gaseous-medium supply means operable to supply hot gaseous-medium, a transport duct, an upstream end of which duct is in gas flow communication with the supply means, feed means operable to feed particulate vegetable material to the transport duct, and a separator of a type similar to that disclosed in United Kingdom patent Specification No. 155175 and United States Patent Specification No. 3,580,844 comprising a casing, a gaseous-medium inlet to the casing, a gaseous-medium outlet from the casing, which outlet i~ disposed generally opposite the gaseous-medium inlet, a gas pervious separation screen extending across the interlor of the casing such that the gaseous-medium inlet and gaseous-medium outlet are at opposite sides of the separation screen, and a vegetable material outlet at the same side of the separation screen as is the gaseous-medium inlet, the gaseous-medium inlet being in gas flow communication with the downstream end of the transport duct. An expansion apparatus comprising these features is referred to hereinafter as an "apparatus as defined".
In an apparatus as defined the separator screen was mounted, for the purposes of cleaning or repair, 80 as to be slidably movable to and from the operative position of the screen. The mounting of the screen for this purpose was by way of elongate mounting brackets secured at the interior surfaces of the separator casing. With the screen disposed in the operative position thereof, the i ~
mounting brackets extended along and over the margins of the screen, one set of the brackets being located above and one set below the screen. The apparatus wa~ u~ed for expanding particulate tobacco and was generally effective for that purpose. In use of the apparatus with the temperature of moist air at entry to the transport duct being at or above 350C, an operational defect was, however, observed. The defect was manifested by the inclusion in the tobacco passing out of the separator of lumps of highly toasted material. Not infrequently the material was even burning. Such a defect detracts from the commercial acceptability of the apparatus as defined.
Accordingly, the pre~ent invention provides particulate tobacco expansion apparatus comprising a separator for separating expanded particulate tobacco material from a hot gaseous-medium, the separator comprising a casing having an interior, a gas-pervious separation screen disposed within the interior of the casing, an inlet for hot gaseous-medium on one side of the ~creen, an outlet for the gaseous-medium on the oppo~ite side of the ~creen and disposed generally oppo~ite the inlet for hot gaseous-medium, an outlet for particulate tobacco material also on said one side of the screen, a transport duct having a downstream end and an upstream end, the downstream end of the duct being connected to the hot ga~eous-medium inlet of the ~eparator, mean~ for supplying hot ga~eous-medium to the upstream end of the transport duct and feed means operable to feed particulate tobacco material to an f~
'` 1 327738 -2a-upstream region of the duct, that side of the separator screen facing the inlet for hot gaseous-medium extending over the full cross-section of gas flow through the casing, the screen being perforated over said full cross-section and fully up to the walls of the casing, said screen being without unperforated obstructions.
.
Apparatus in accordance with the subject invention preferably comprises airlock means the inlet of which is in communication with the vegetable material outlet of the separator.
By use of the apparatus in accordance with the .
subject invention for expanding particulate tobacco the above mentioned operational defect may be completely eliminated.
In order that the subject invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the diagrammatic drawings hereof, in which :-Figure l shows parts of a tobacco expansion apparatus;and Figure 2 shows, to a larger scale, a separator of the apparatus of Figure 1.
With reference to Figure 1, the apparatus there shown comprises a tobacco feeder 1, an upwardly inclined !,', transport duct 2 and a separator 3. The tobacco feeder 1 comprises a rotary airlock 4 fitted with an inlet hopper 5 and a downwardly extending outlet pipe 6. At ~ its lower end the pipe 6 opens into a short lnclined '~ length oi' piping 7 an inlet end of which is in communication i with a supply pipe 8. The supply pipe 8 forms part of gaseous medium supply means, otherwise not shown, operable ~ to supply moist air at a temperature at or above 350-C.
'. The outlet end of the piping 7 communicates with the :, .
r , s ''`' . .
transport duct 2. The transport duct 2 is of rectangular cross-section, the lesser dimension thereof being that viewable in Figure i. At its upper, outlet end the duct 2 opens into a casing, generally designated by reference numeral 9, of the separator 3.
A tobacco outlet pipe 10 extends downwardly from the lowermost location of the separator 3 to a rotary airlock 11. From the airlock 11 there downwardly extends a discharge pipe 12. At an intermediate height location of the separator 3 there extends from the separator 3 an air outlet duct 13 of rectangular cross-section.
Extending across the interior of the casing 9 of the separator 3 is a downwardly inclined separation screen 14, which screen takes the form of a thin rectangular sheet of stainless steel which has bPen rendered gas pervious by the provision therein of micro perforations, typically in the form of 0.8 mm diameter holes. For the purpose of removably mounting the screen 14 in the casing 9, the casing 9 is divided at the plane of the screen 14 into upper and lower casing sections 15 and 16. Extending continuously about the mouth of the each of the sections 15 and 16 is an exterior securement flange. Portions of the flanges extending at the upper wall of the casing 9 are designated in Figure 2 by reference numerals 17 and 18 and portions thereof extending at an end wall of the casing 9 are designated by reference numerals 19 and 20. The remaining portions 1 32773~
(not shown) of the flanges of the casing sections 15 and 16 extend at the front and rear side walls of the casing 9.
As is shown in Figure 2, at its margins the screen 14 extends between the exterior securement flanges of the casing sections 15 and 16. Securement means hold the upper and lower flanges in firm contact with the interposed margins of the screen 14. The securement means comprises bolts, indicated at 21 and 22 in Figure 2, which extend through registered holes in the flanges and the screen margins. If required, gas tightness may be enhanced by the provision of sealing gaskets disposed between the flanges, one above and one below the screen.
Reference numerals 23-25 in Figure 2 designate screen rigidifying bars which extend across and are ~ secured to the rear face of the screen 14.
f ' The micro perforations in the separation screen 14 .
,~ are distributed over the full gas-flow cross-section of ~:: the casing 9 of the separator 3, that is to say, the per~orated area of the screen 14 extends fully up to the walls of the casing 9. Noreover, owing to the exterior sandwich ~orm oi mounting of the screen 14 in the casing 9, the upstream face of the screen (with reierence to the direction o~ gas flow) 14 is unobstructed right up to the walls of the casing 9. By 'unobstructed' it is meant that there are no obstructions on the upstream face of the screen by or at which tobacco might be trapped and therefore become over-heated or burnt.
In use of the just described tobacco expansion apparatus no toasted or burning material whatsoever was observed to exit the discharge pipe 12 even when moist air at a temperature of or in excess of 350c was supplied from the supply pipe 8.
Whereas it is preferred to use for the separation screen of the tobacco/air separator a micro perforated metal sheet, it is also conceivable to employ a wire mesh screen. If a wire mesh screen is employed, the margins of the screen sandwiched between the flanges of the separator casing are suitable of plain sheet form. This may be achieved by supporting the wire mesh in a flat metal frame, the arrangement being such that the wire mesh at the upstream side thereof extends right up to the walls of the separator casing.
A further alternative is for the separator screen to be of slotted form. A suitable slotted screen is marketed by Greening Limited, Warrington, England under the trade-mark Wedge Wire. Wedge Wire screens comprise a multiplicity of spaced apart parallel rods interconnected by laterally extending securement wires. When used for the purpose of the pre~ent invention a Wedge Wire screen would be positioned in the qeparator such that the securement wires were at the downstream side of the screen.
Although the screen 14 of Figures 1 and 2 is flat, it is conceivable that the screen, and correspondingly t~e line of separation Or the casing sections 15, 16 could be convexly curved as viewed from the upstream side thereof.
It will be clear to a man skilled in the art that the screen may be held in position not only between exterior securement flanges of the upper and lower casing sections but also between the flange of one section and the wall of the other section of the casing, or alternatively between the walls of both sections of the casing without the need for exterior flanges. It is also possible that a screen fulfilling the objectives of the invention may be suitably fixed to the interior of a separator casing which is not divided into two parts.
Accordingly, the pre~ent invention provides particulate tobacco expansion apparatus comprising a separator for separating expanded particulate tobacco material from a hot gaseous-medium, the separator comprising a casing having an interior, a gas-pervious separation screen disposed within the interior of the casing, an inlet for hot gaseous-medium on one side of the ~creen, an outlet for the gaseous-medium on the oppo~ite side of the ~creen and disposed generally oppo~ite the inlet for hot gaseous-medium, an outlet for particulate tobacco material also on said one side of the screen, a transport duct having a downstream end and an upstream end, the downstream end of the duct being connected to the hot ga~eous-medium inlet of the ~eparator, mean~ for supplying hot ga~eous-medium to the upstream end of the transport duct and feed means operable to feed particulate tobacco material to an f~
'` 1 327738 -2a-upstream region of the duct, that side of the separator screen facing the inlet for hot gaseous-medium extending over the full cross-section of gas flow through the casing, the screen being perforated over said full cross-section and fully up to the walls of the casing, said screen being without unperforated obstructions.
.
Apparatus in accordance with the subject invention preferably comprises airlock means the inlet of which is in communication with the vegetable material outlet of the separator.
By use of the apparatus in accordance with the .
subject invention for expanding particulate tobacco the above mentioned operational defect may be completely eliminated.
In order that the subject invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the diagrammatic drawings hereof, in which :-Figure l shows parts of a tobacco expansion apparatus;and Figure 2 shows, to a larger scale, a separator of the apparatus of Figure 1.
With reference to Figure 1, the apparatus there shown comprises a tobacco feeder 1, an upwardly inclined !,', transport duct 2 and a separator 3. The tobacco feeder 1 comprises a rotary airlock 4 fitted with an inlet hopper 5 and a downwardly extending outlet pipe 6. At ~ its lower end the pipe 6 opens into a short lnclined '~ length oi' piping 7 an inlet end of which is in communication i with a supply pipe 8. The supply pipe 8 forms part of gaseous medium supply means, otherwise not shown, operable ~ to supply moist air at a temperature at or above 350-C.
'. The outlet end of the piping 7 communicates with the :, .
r , s ''`' . .
transport duct 2. The transport duct 2 is of rectangular cross-section, the lesser dimension thereof being that viewable in Figure i. At its upper, outlet end the duct 2 opens into a casing, generally designated by reference numeral 9, of the separator 3.
A tobacco outlet pipe 10 extends downwardly from the lowermost location of the separator 3 to a rotary airlock 11. From the airlock 11 there downwardly extends a discharge pipe 12. At an intermediate height location of the separator 3 there extends from the separator 3 an air outlet duct 13 of rectangular cross-section.
Extending across the interior of the casing 9 of the separator 3 is a downwardly inclined separation screen 14, which screen takes the form of a thin rectangular sheet of stainless steel which has bPen rendered gas pervious by the provision therein of micro perforations, typically in the form of 0.8 mm diameter holes. For the purpose of removably mounting the screen 14 in the casing 9, the casing 9 is divided at the plane of the screen 14 into upper and lower casing sections 15 and 16. Extending continuously about the mouth of the each of the sections 15 and 16 is an exterior securement flange. Portions of the flanges extending at the upper wall of the casing 9 are designated in Figure 2 by reference numerals 17 and 18 and portions thereof extending at an end wall of the casing 9 are designated by reference numerals 19 and 20. The remaining portions 1 32773~
(not shown) of the flanges of the casing sections 15 and 16 extend at the front and rear side walls of the casing 9.
As is shown in Figure 2, at its margins the screen 14 extends between the exterior securement flanges of the casing sections 15 and 16. Securement means hold the upper and lower flanges in firm contact with the interposed margins of the screen 14. The securement means comprises bolts, indicated at 21 and 22 in Figure 2, which extend through registered holes in the flanges and the screen margins. If required, gas tightness may be enhanced by the provision of sealing gaskets disposed between the flanges, one above and one below the screen.
Reference numerals 23-25 in Figure 2 designate screen rigidifying bars which extend across and are ~ secured to the rear face of the screen 14.
f ' The micro perforations in the separation screen 14 .
,~ are distributed over the full gas-flow cross-section of ~:: the casing 9 of the separator 3, that is to say, the per~orated area of the screen 14 extends fully up to the walls of the casing 9. Noreover, owing to the exterior sandwich ~orm oi mounting of the screen 14 in the casing 9, the upstream face of the screen (with reierence to the direction o~ gas flow) 14 is unobstructed right up to the walls of the casing 9. By 'unobstructed' it is meant that there are no obstructions on the upstream face of the screen by or at which tobacco might be trapped and therefore become over-heated or burnt.
In use of the just described tobacco expansion apparatus no toasted or burning material whatsoever was observed to exit the discharge pipe 12 even when moist air at a temperature of or in excess of 350c was supplied from the supply pipe 8.
Whereas it is preferred to use for the separation screen of the tobacco/air separator a micro perforated metal sheet, it is also conceivable to employ a wire mesh screen. If a wire mesh screen is employed, the margins of the screen sandwiched between the flanges of the separator casing are suitable of plain sheet form. This may be achieved by supporting the wire mesh in a flat metal frame, the arrangement being such that the wire mesh at the upstream side thereof extends right up to the walls of the separator casing.
A further alternative is for the separator screen to be of slotted form. A suitable slotted screen is marketed by Greening Limited, Warrington, England under the trade-mark Wedge Wire. Wedge Wire screens comprise a multiplicity of spaced apart parallel rods interconnected by laterally extending securement wires. When used for the purpose of the pre~ent invention a Wedge Wire screen would be positioned in the qeparator such that the securement wires were at the downstream side of the screen.
Although the screen 14 of Figures 1 and 2 is flat, it is conceivable that the screen, and correspondingly t~e line of separation Or the casing sections 15, 16 could be convexly curved as viewed from the upstream side thereof.
It will be clear to a man skilled in the art that the screen may be held in position not only between exterior securement flanges of the upper and lower casing sections but also between the flange of one section and the wall of the other section of the casing, or alternatively between the walls of both sections of the casing without the need for exterior flanges. It is also possible that a screen fulfilling the objectives of the invention may be suitably fixed to the interior of a separator casing which is not divided into two parts.
Claims (5)
1. Particulate tobacco expansion apparatus comprising a separator for separating expanded particulate tobacco material from a hot gaseous-medium, the separator comprising a casing having an interior, a gas-pervious separation screen disposed within the interior of the casing, an inlet for hot gaseous-medium on one side of the screen, an outlet for the gaseous-medium on the opposite side of the screen and disposed generally opposite the inlet for hot gaseous-medium, an outlet for particulate tobacco material also on said one side of the screen, a transport duct having a downstream end and an upstream end, the downstream end of the duct being connected to the hot gaseous-medium inlet of the separator, means for supplying hot gaseous-medium to the upstream end of the transport duct and feed means operable to feed particulate tobacco material to an upstream region of the duct, that side of the separator screen facing the inlet for hot gaseous-medium extending over the full cross-section of gas flow through the casing, the screen being perforated over said full cross-section and fully up to the walls of the casing, said screen being without unperforated obstructions.
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein said casing is divided at the plane of said screen into first and second sections.
3. Apparatus according to Claim 2, wherein said screen is releasable held by securement means between said first and second sections.
4. Apparatus according to Claim 2 or 3, wherein at the mouth of each of said sections there extends an exterior securement flange.
-8a-
-8a-
5. Apparatus according to Claim 4, wherein securement means are provided for releasably securing said screen between the flanges of said first and second sections of said casing.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8630656 | 1986-12-22 | ||
| GB868630656A GB8630656D0 (en) | 1986-12-22 | 1986-12-22 | Expansion of particulate vegetable material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1327738C true CA1327738C (en) | 1994-03-15 |
Family
ID=10609446
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000554066A Expired - Fee Related CA1327738C (en) | 1986-12-22 | 1987-12-10 | Expansion of particulate vegetable material |
Country Status (19)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63166472A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU599176B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE1000541A3 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8707064A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1327738C (en) |
| CH (1) | CH676329A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3742911C2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK171507B1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2006001A6 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI875605A (en) |
| GB (2) | GB8630656D0 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK50891A (en) |
| IN (1) | IN170573B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1223544B (en) |
| MY (1) | MY101948A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8703035A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ222862A (en) |
| SG (1) | SG41391G (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA879309B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8712618D0 (en) * | 1987-05-28 | 1987-07-01 | British American Tobacco Co | Expansion of tobacco |
| DE4117329A1 (en) * | 1991-05-27 | 1992-12-03 | Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh | DRYING METHOD FOR INCREASING THE FILLABILITY OF TOBACCO MATERIAL AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THIS METHOD |
| DE19855030A1 (en) * | 1998-11-28 | 2000-05-31 | Mann & Hummel Protec Gmbh | Conveying device for bulk goods with retention device for coarse fraction |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB957767A (en) * | 1962-04-11 | 1964-05-13 | Tmm Research Ltd | Apparatus separating textile fibres from a fibre-conveying airstream |
| US3580644A (en) * | 1969-03-04 | 1971-05-25 | Brown & Williamson Tobacco | Pneumatic feed system for uniform supply of tobacco to cigarette making machines |
| CH595469A5 (en) * | 1976-02-27 | 1978-02-15 | Rieter Ag Maschf | |
| GB1575175A (en) * | 1978-05-05 | 1980-09-17 | Hambro Machinery Ltd | Separation apparatus |
| US4280903A (en) * | 1980-08-06 | 1981-07-28 | Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation | Apparatus for separating sand from botanical fines |
| GB8515217D0 (en) * | 1985-06-15 | 1985-07-17 | British American Tobacco Co | Treatment of tobacco |
| DK172024B1 (en) * | 1987-07-29 | 1997-09-22 | Bat Cigarettenfab Gmbh | Separator for separating small pieces of tobacco from a tobacco/gas mixture |
-
1986
- 1986-12-22 GB GB868630656A patent/GB8630656D0/en active Pending
-
1987
- 1987-12-09 IN IN888/MAS/87A patent/IN170573B/en unknown
- 1987-12-10 ZA ZA879309A patent/ZA879309B/en unknown
- 1987-12-10 NZ NZ222862A patent/NZ222862A/en unknown
- 1987-12-10 GB GB8728920A patent/GB2198968B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-12-10 CA CA000554066A patent/CA1327738C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-12-11 MY MYPI87003183A patent/MY101948A/en unknown
- 1987-12-15 AU AU82560/87A patent/AU599176B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-12-15 NL NL8703035A patent/NL8703035A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1987-12-17 DE DE3742911A patent/DE3742911C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-12-17 CH CH4932/87A patent/CH676329A5/fr unknown
- 1987-12-18 IT IT23103/87A patent/IT1223544B/en active
- 1987-12-18 FI FI875605A patent/FI875605A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1987-12-18 JP JP62321134A patent/JPS63166472A/en active Granted
- 1987-12-21 ES ES8703658A patent/ES2006001A6/en not_active Expired
- 1987-12-21 DK DK672887A patent/DK171507B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-12-21 BR BR8707064A patent/BR8707064A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-12-22 BE BE8701470A patent/BE1000541A3/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-05-29 SG SG413/91A patent/SG41391G/en unknown
- 1991-07-04 HK HK508/91A patent/HK50891A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU8256087A (en) | 1988-06-23 |
| IT1223544B (en) | 1990-09-19 |
| NL8703035A (en) | 1988-07-18 |
| GB8630656D0 (en) | 1987-02-04 |
| JPS63166472A (en) | 1988-07-09 |
| GB2198968A (en) | 1988-06-29 |
| HK50891A (en) | 1991-07-12 |
| NZ222862A (en) | 1989-09-27 |
| GB2198968B (en) | 1991-03-06 |
| FI875605A (en) | 1988-06-23 |
| MY101948A (en) | 1992-02-15 |
| DE3742911A1 (en) | 1988-06-30 |
| DK171507B1 (en) | 1996-12-09 |
| CH676329A5 (en) | 1991-01-15 |
| BE1000541A3 (en) | 1989-01-24 |
| AU599176B2 (en) | 1990-07-12 |
| BR8707064A (en) | 1988-08-02 |
| GB8728920D0 (en) | 1988-01-27 |
| FI875605A0 (en) | 1987-12-18 |
| IT8723103A0 (en) | 1987-12-18 |
| IN170573B (en) | 1992-04-11 |
| ES2006001A6 (en) | 1989-04-01 |
| DE3742911C2 (en) | 1994-07-14 |
| JPH0346195B2 (en) | 1991-07-15 |
| DK672887D0 (en) | 1987-12-21 |
| SG41391G (en) | 1991-07-26 |
| DK672887A (en) | 1988-06-23 |
| ZA879309B (en) | 1988-06-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |