CA1316366C - Self-supporting interconnectable formwork elements for the casting of especially wall constructions and a method for the use of said formwork elements - Google Patents
Self-supporting interconnectable formwork elements for the casting of especially wall constructions and a method for the use of said formwork elementsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1316366C CA1316366C CA000608103A CA608103A CA1316366C CA 1316366 C CA1316366 C CA 1316366C CA 000608103 A CA000608103 A CA 000608103A CA 608103 A CA608103 A CA 608103A CA 1316366 C CA1316366 C CA 1316366C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- formwork
- formwork elements
- elements
- apertures
- casting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/02—Sheet piles or sheet pile bulkheads
- E02D5/03—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles
- E02D5/04—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles made of steel
- E02D5/08—Locking forms; Edge joints; Pile crossings; Branch pieces
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/139—Open-ended, self-supporting conduit, cylinder, or tube-type article
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24008—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including fastener for attaching to external surface
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
- On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
- Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
A b s t r a c t One has aimed at providing interconnectable disposable formwork elements for the casting of for instance foundations, sustaining walls etc. in concrete and which, as compared with conventional formwork doors, gives a cheaper formwork and wherein the formwork operation is more rapidly effected, at the same time as it may be done by a person not skilled in the trade. For this object, each formwork element (1) consists of an elongated, thin-walled, cylinder-shaped element, which in per se known manner is provided with coupling means (2, 3) cooperating with corresponding or complementary coupling means on the neighbour element(s) for the interconnection of adjacent cylinder-shaped formwork elements so that one, upon filling of concrete into the interconnected cylinder-shaped formwork elements, attains a row of fused concrete columns constituting a wall on which the formwork elements may form the external surface(s) or from which the external portions of the formwork elements may be removed.
(Figure 10)
(Figure 10)
Description
- 11 31 6~f) This invention relates to self-supporting interconnectable formwork elements for the casting of especially wall constructions, and otherwise of the kind closer defined in the preamble of the following claim 1. The invention also .involves a method for the use of said framwork elements, as set forth in the preamble of claim 9.
Casting of e.g. foundations, sustaining walls, walls, pavement or roof in concrete or similar hardenable filling materials by means of formwork elements in the form of wooden doors is laborious and time-consuming. Such formwork doors are heavy and unhandy; they have to be transported on crane vehicle and require binders, the necessary working operations;comprising carrying, erecting, removal, oiling (lubrication) and storage of the doors.
Likewise, finished brick blocks and~elements require much treatment in factory, costly transport, laborious erecting and comprehensive after-treatment.
Prior art comprises also Norweyian patent specification No.
46,428, DE-OS 2,213,358, DE-AS 1,684,357 and U.S. patent specification No. 2,184,714.
~: :
NO-PS 46,428 relates to a pile blanking consisting of hollo~
.
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-2 1 31 63~iG
interconnectable sections. Substantially as a result of the design of the connecting means of this known pile blanking, the pile blanking will - used as a formwork - only be usable for the casting of spaced columns; on the other hand it will not enable casting of a continuous wall, or permit reinforcing using horizontal and/or diagonally extending reinforcing rods. ~lowever, between adjacent sections or elements it is from this patent specification known per se to use mutually cooperating coupling means adapted to be brought into firmly maintaining engagement with each other.
DE-OS 2,213,358 relates to a flexible, reinforced formwork cloth which is not seIf-supporting, but has to be used in combination with suitable walls of timber placed endwise and, thus, exhibiting substantially the same disadvantages as door formworks.
DE-AS 1,684,357 relates also to a flexible, reinforced, not ;self-supporting formwork cloth divided into interconnectable sections, which can be connected mutually by means of connecting means adapted to be brought into firmly maintaining engagement with each other. This prior art formwork system does not permit casting of Gontinuous walls and, moreover, prohibits the arrangement of crossing reinforcing rods.
US-PS 2,184,714 does not relate to formwork, but concerns casted pre-reinforced concrete elements. When such concrete elements or blocks are being used for building purposes, locking rods~are used for~keeping adjacent concrete blocks ln place in the finished construction.
Accordlng to the~present inventioon one has aimed at provldln~ a;formwork system consisting of self-supporting interconnectabIe disposable formwork elements capable of ~ ' ' .
. - ~ . :
',' ~ ' 1 31 63~j6 belng connected mutually in order to form especially a wall formwork, whereln the concrete or another hardenable ~llling materlal durln~ the fllllng operatlon may flow freely between the lnterconnected formwork elements, so that the result becomes a contlnuous construction which - when the formwork i5 kept (not removed) - becomes coated with lts material, e.g. plastic.
Likewlse, one has almed at elimlnating or substantially restricting dlsadvantages and drawbacl~s ln prlor art formwork systems.
This ob~ect is achleved ln accordance with one aspect o~
the lnvention, through the provlslons of self-support~ng lnter-connectable formwork elements for the castlng of especlally walls and other constructlons, wherein the formwork elements have mutually cooperating connectlng means adapted to be capable of belng brought lnto flrmly malntalnlng engagement wlth each other, characterlzed ln that the formwork elements mainly are cyllnder-formed, thin-walled and preferably fle~lble, that the formwork elements are provlded with apertures at least at two mutually angularly dlsplaced side portlons, and that the connectlng means ~0 are deslgned and located such that the formwork elements may be placed dlrectly restlng agalnst ad~acent formwork elements or such that they may engage partlally lnto the nelghbour elements.
In a further aspect, the lnventlon resldes ln a method for the castlng of walls and other constructlons uslng the aforementioned formwork elements characterlzed ln erectlng a formwork for a wall or other constructlon through lnterconnectlng malnly cyllnder-formed, thln-walled and preferably fleY~lble , . ., . ' . . . .
1 3 1 6 3 ~
-3a 73577-1 formwork elements provlded With apertures at least at two mutually angularly dlsplaced side portions, the connectlng means of the formwork elements belng deslgned and locate~ such that the formwork elements durlng and after sald interconnectlon are being placed dlrectly restlng agalnst ad~acent formwork elements or such that they partially engage lnto the neighbour elements.
In an advantageous embodlment, the condltlons are arranged for accomodatlng cross relnforcement of the resulting casted constructlon.
The substantlally cyllnder-shaped formwork element according to the lnvention are interconnected so that they form e.g. a wall formwork whlch upon fllling of concrete permlts the concrete to flow freely between the formwork cyllnders, so that -upon hardening of the concrete - a number of fused concrete columns constltutlng the resulting wall are formed.
Using a formwork in accordance with the lnvention, one may use less concrete around the reinforcing rods than conven-tional formwork allow, because the water-tlght formwork cylinders protect against penetrating water, etc. When castlng a foundation, one does not have to use the so-called foundation plastic along the foundation; one also ,, , , . ' ' " ' ', , :
, . , a 1 3 1 63~
saves plastering, mudding and closing of holes after the binders.
A preferred material for the cylinder-formed formwork elements according to the invention is polyvinylchloride plastic having a high impact strength and a thickness of some 1 mm, because such a material, when the formwork is kept, will give the concrete construction an attractive surface coating, but in principle there is nothing to prevent the use of carboard or a similar material having corresponding properties and/or wall thickness, respectively.
Because of the cylinder shape, the formwork elements become strong and particularly resistant to bending. The cross-sectional form may be circular, oval or polygonal (e.g.
octagonal, 16-edged and so forth); when edged the corner edges are preferably rounded. A square cross-sectional shape is also possible.
The formwork elements according to the invention may be kept after casting or their external portions removed after use.
In case the formwork is to remain after casting, an advantageous formwork material may be obtained from surface-treated plastics, the casted foundation, etc., thereby becoming maintenance-free.
The formwork elements according to the invention are of very light weight and so resilient that they possibly may be stacked one within the other, whereby the transport volume and weight are substantially reduced - up to 98% - as compared with door formwork.
When casting a foundation, the cylinder-formed formwork elements are put together on a finished casted base, or ' 1 31 6~(,i') directly onto gravel. In case the resulting construction is to be cross-reinforced, reinforcing rods - which during the erection of the formwork also may serve as bracing - are inserted vertically, horizontally and possibly diagonally, as desired. For reinforced constructions, each formwork element is provided with separate holes for accomodation of horizontally and/or diayonally extending reinforcing rods, the vertical reinforcing rods being inserted through the open upper ends of the formwork elements from above, through which the concrete is filled. Subsequent to the hardening of the concrete, the foundation is finished. An ordinary foundation for a one-family house may easily be erected in one day by one person.
Besides, formwork operations by means of the cylinder-shaped thin-walled formwork elements according to the invention require less excavation works than through the use of door formwork.
When casting a sustaining wall, one excavates to frost-proof depth, whereafter the formwork elements are placed, coupled together and reinforced. If desired, excavated mass may be filled back against the formwork elements even before the concrete is filled into the formwork. Whenever the top of the sustaining wall is to extend horizontally or arch-like, the formwork elements are cut correspondingly.
The light weight and natural elasticity of the form work elements permit easy joining of e.g. two formwork elements vertically. When such joining is to be effected, it is advantegous that every second of the lower formwork elements extend to a higher point than the intermediate ones, in order to displace the joining locations vertically.
The formwork material, e.g. PVC-plastic, may be coloured.
` ` : `
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1 3 1 63~
Disposable formwork elements in accordance with the invention are well suited for casting operations above and under water, such as in wharfs and the like. When casting under water all reinforcement can be mounted in the formwork from the surface, so that the use of divers for this kind of work becomes superfluous.
Embodiments of the invention are closer explained in the following, reference being made to the drawings, wherein:
Figures 1 and 2 in end view show a standard element and a corner element, respectively, in accordance with a first embodiment;
Figure 3 in plan view shows five interconnected formwork elements - four standard elements and one corner element, of the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2;
Figure 4 in end view shows two interconnected formwork elements according to a second embodiment;
Figure 5 in perspective side view shows flve interconnected formwork elements according to the embodiment shown in Figure 4;
Figure 6 shows a side wall of a formwork element (Figures 4 and 5) which in interconnected position engages a neigbour element;
Figure 7 in perspective side view shows two formwork elements according to a third embodiment prior to being interconnected~; ~
:
Figure 8 in perspective side view shows three formwork elements of the~embodiment shown in Figure 7, after ,~ ~
.
. , ~ . , : .
,: . . ` ' ` ' ' `
..
7 1 3 1 63~', ') interconnection;
Figure 9 in top plan view shows three interconnected formwork elements according to the third embodiment, at a formwork corner;
Figure 10 in perspective view shows a formwork element of the embodiment shown in ~igures 1 - 3; and Figure 11 in top plan view indicates different modes of assemblage for formwork elements of the type shown in Figures 1 - 3 and 10.
In the three embodiments according to Figures 1 - 3, 10 and 11; Figures 4 - 6 and Figures 7 - 9, respectively, the same or similar reference numerals are used for the same or corresponding parts.
In the first embodiment, Figures 1 - 3, 10 and 11, the reference numeral 1 indicates an enlongated cylindrical standard formwork element, while 1' denotes a corner element having the same general design. The elements 1, 1' have open ends.
The cylinder-shaped formwork elements 1, 1' have substantially octagonal cross-sectlon with rounded corner edges.
At two opposite sides, the standard element 1 is provided with connecting means for the interconnection with adjacent elements. The connecting means have the form of T-shaped ledges 2 and corresponding T-shaped grooves 3. The corner element, Figures 2 and 11, is provided with corresponding connecting means~2' and 3', respectlvely, on e.g. four, in pairs opposite sides. The interconnection which is ensured , 8 1 31 6:~6 through the engagement of the conncting ledges 2, 2' within the grooves 3, 3', is illustrated in Figure 3 and 11. It appears therefrom ~hat the corner elements 1' in another embodiment may have connecting means only at two or three sides, angularly displaced 90 degrees in relation to each other.
In this embodiment, Figures 1 - 3, 10 and 11, each formwork element has at one side portion thereof an aperture 4, 4', which possibly may extend over the entire height of the formwork element, and in another side portion which (as seen in cross-section) is angularly displaced (in standard elements 180 degrees, in corner elements e.g. 90 degrees) in relation to the former side portion as well as the aperture 4, 4', equidistantly spaced apertures 6 are provided, Figure 10, for the flowing-through of concrete between interconnected formwork elements 1, 1' .
The formwork elements 1, 1' are made of PVC-plastic, cardboard or similar material having corresponding properties. The wall thickness may be of the order 1 mm.
The cylindrical shape gives the formwork elements a high strength, especially to bending, at the same time as they are resilient.
The preferably through-going apertures 4, 4' contribute strongly to th1s resilience and permit i.a. stacking of two or more formwork elements, one within the other, during transport.
;
Figure 11 indicates some modes of assemblage for formwork elements 1, 1' according to the embodiment shown in Figures 1 - 3~and 10. Uppermost in this figure, three interconnected standard elements 1 are shown. Because of their elasticity, they have been capabIe of being placed along an arch-shaped .
~: :
9 1 31 63();~, or angular path. The lower portion of Figure 11 shows the interconnection of "corner elements", both in the longitudinal and lateral direction, for the establishment of a broader formwork, without having to increase the cross-sectional dimensions of the individual formwork elements.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 4 - 6, the formwork elements 1" are circular-cylindrical and being at one side thereof provided with a through-going aperture 4"
corresponding to the apertures 4, 4', so that each separate formwork element 1" attains an approximately C-shaped cross-section.
The formwork elements 1" are externally provided with connecting means in the form of ledges 5 having claw-shaped cross-sectional form. The claw-shaped connecting ledges 5 are located and designed such that adjacent ledges of neighbour elements 1" may be brought into engagement when one element 1" is partially inserted into the longitudinal aperture 4" of the adjacent element 1", so that an unshakable wall formwork is achieved.
The wall portion of each formwork element 1" located opposite the aperture 4" is provided with equidistantly spaced apertures 6, Figure 6, and therebetween placed holes for horizontal (and/or diagonal) reinforcing rods 7, Figure 5. The apertures~4", 6 permit free flow of concrete between the elements 1".
In the embodiment according to Figures 7 - 9, the formwork elements I''' have varying cross-sectional form over the length thereof; this being due to the design of the connecting means.
In Figure 7, two formwork elements 1''' are shown prior to ' .
:
10 1 Sl 6:~G() being interconnected. Each of these formwork elements 1''' is at two opposite sides thereof formed with spaced apertures 8, which for each element 1''' are axially displaced in relation to the apertures 8 at the opposite side, so that portions 9 between the apertures 8 of one element may be brought into engagement with the apertures 8 of a neighbour element. The interconnection is secured by means of vertical locking rods 10.
In Figure 9 a formwork corner is shown, wherein the corner element 1"" is somewhat differently designed than the standard elements l'''; i.e. the corner element 1"" having interconnecting portions 8, 9 at two sides angularly displaced 90 degrees in relation to each other.
Through designing the connecting means e.g. as shown in Figure 4 and 5, the mutual engagement between the connecting means 5 is strengthened whenever the formwork elements are loaded from the concrete.
Practical experiments with disposable formwork elements according to the invention have shown that they in spite of minor wall thickness and low weight are capable of accomodating the forces present during casting. Formwork elements in accordance with the invention may substitute the common door formwork in the great majority of applications of use. Thus, foundations and sustaining walls are only to be considered as examples of the invention's applicableness in practice, the formwork elements also being usable for e.g. the casting of pavement and roof. When casting a pavement and a roof, the upper wall portion of the formwork elements must be provided with cavities for the filling of concrete.
One has also conceived the use of pre~connected sets of .
. , 11 1 31 63~) formwork elements, wherein several sets form a formwork when interconnected.
As previously mentioned, the present invention also provides a method for the casting of walls and other constructions through the use of formwork using formwork elements of the kind described in the foregoing specification.
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Casting of e.g. foundations, sustaining walls, walls, pavement or roof in concrete or similar hardenable filling materials by means of formwork elements in the form of wooden doors is laborious and time-consuming. Such formwork doors are heavy and unhandy; they have to be transported on crane vehicle and require binders, the necessary working operations;comprising carrying, erecting, removal, oiling (lubrication) and storage of the doors.
Likewise, finished brick blocks and~elements require much treatment in factory, costly transport, laborious erecting and comprehensive after-treatment.
Prior art comprises also Norweyian patent specification No.
46,428, DE-OS 2,213,358, DE-AS 1,684,357 and U.S. patent specification No. 2,184,714.
~: :
NO-PS 46,428 relates to a pile blanking consisting of hollo~
.
~ ~ . . .
-2 1 31 63~iG
interconnectable sections. Substantially as a result of the design of the connecting means of this known pile blanking, the pile blanking will - used as a formwork - only be usable for the casting of spaced columns; on the other hand it will not enable casting of a continuous wall, or permit reinforcing using horizontal and/or diagonally extending reinforcing rods. ~lowever, between adjacent sections or elements it is from this patent specification known per se to use mutually cooperating coupling means adapted to be brought into firmly maintaining engagement with each other.
DE-OS 2,213,358 relates to a flexible, reinforced formwork cloth which is not seIf-supporting, but has to be used in combination with suitable walls of timber placed endwise and, thus, exhibiting substantially the same disadvantages as door formworks.
DE-AS 1,684,357 relates also to a flexible, reinforced, not ;self-supporting formwork cloth divided into interconnectable sections, which can be connected mutually by means of connecting means adapted to be brought into firmly maintaining engagement with each other. This prior art formwork system does not permit casting of Gontinuous walls and, moreover, prohibits the arrangement of crossing reinforcing rods.
US-PS 2,184,714 does not relate to formwork, but concerns casted pre-reinforced concrete elements. When such concrete elements or blocks are being used for building purposes, locking rods~are used for~keeping adjacent concrete blocks ln place in the finished construction.
Accordlng to the~present inventioon one has aimed at provldln~ a;formwork system consisting of self-supporting interconnectabIe disposable formwork elements capable of ~ ' ' .
. - ~ . :
',' ~ ' 1 31 63~j6 belng connected mutually in order to form especially a wall formwork, whereln the concrete or another hardenable ~llling materlal durln~ the fllllng operatlon may flow freely between the lnterconnected formwork elements, so that the result becomes a contlnuous construction which - when the formwork i5 kept (not removed) - becomes coated with lts material, e.g. plastic.
Likewlse, one has almed at elimlnating or substantially restricting dlsadvantages and drawbacl~s ln prlor art formwork systems.
This ob~ect is achleved ln accordance with one aspect o~
the lnvention, through the provlslons of self-support~ng lnter-connectable formwork elements for the castlng of especlally walls and other constructlons, wherein the formwork elements have mutually cooperating connectlng means adapted to be capable of belng brought lnto flrmly malntalnlng engagement wlth each other, characterlzed ln that the formwork elements mainly are cyllnder-formed, thin-walled and preferably fle~lble, that the formwork elements are provlded with apertures at least at two mutually angularly dlsplaced side portlons, and that the connectlng means ~0 are deslgned and located such that the formwork elements may be placed dlrectly restlng agalnst ad~acent formwork elements or such that they may engage partlally lnto the nelghbour elements.
In a further aspect, the lnventlon resldes ln a method for the castlng of walls and other constructlons uslng the aforementioned formwork elements characterlzed ln erectlng a formwork for a wall or other constructlon through lnterconnectlng malnly cyllnder-formed, thln-walled and preferably fleY~lble , . ., . ' . . . .
1 3 1 6 3 ~
-3a 73577-1 formwork elements provlded With apertures at least at two mutually angularly dlsplaced side portions, the connectlng means of the formwork elements belng deslgned and locate~ such that the formwork elements durlng and after sald interconnectlon are being placed dlrectly restlng agalnst ad~acent formwork elements or such that they partially engage lnto the neighbour elements.
In an advantageous embodlment, the condltlons are arranged for accomodatlng cross relnforcement of the resulting casted constructlon.
The substantlally cyllnder-shaped formwork element according to the lnvention are interconnected so that they form e.g. a wall formwork whlch upon fllling of concrete permlts the concrete to flow freely between the formwork cyllnders, so that -upon hardening of the concrete - a number of fused concrete columns constltutlng the resulting wall are formed.
Using a formwork in accordance with the lnvention, one may use less concrete around the reinforcing rods than conven-tional formwork allow, because the water-tlght formwork cylinders protect against penetrating water, etc. When castlng a foundation, one does not have to use the so-called foundation plastic along the foundation; one also ,, , , . ' ' " ' ', , :
, . , a 1 3 1 63~
saves plastering, mudding and closing of holes after the binders.
A preferred material for the cylinder-formed formwork elements according to the invention is polyvinylchloride plastic having a high impact strength and a thickness of some 1 mm, because such a material, when the formwork is kept, will give the concrete construction an attractive surface coating, but in principle there is nothing to prevent the use of carboard or a similar material having corresponding properties and/or wall thickness, respectively.
Because of the cylinder shape, the formwork elements become strong and particularly resistant to bending. The cross-sectional form may be circular, oval or polygonal (e.g.
octagonal, 16-edged and so forth); when edged the corner edges are preferably rounded. A square cross-sectional shape is also possible.
The formwork elements according to the invention may be kept after casting or their external portions removed after use.
In case the formwork is to remain after casting, an advantageous formwork material may be obtained from surface-treated plastics, the casted foundation, etc., thereby becoming maintenance-free.
The formwork elements according to the invention are of very light weight and so resilient that they possibly may be stacked one within the other, whereby the transport volume and weight are substantially reduced - up to 98% - as compared with door formwork.
When casting a foundation, the cylinder-formed formwork elements are put together on a finished casted base, or ' 1 31 6~(,i') directly onto gravel. In case the resulting construction is to be cross-reinforced, reinforcing rods - which during the erection of the formwork also may serve as bracing - are inserted vertically, horizontally and possibly diagonally, as desired. For reinforced constructions, each formwork element is provided with separate holes for accomodation of horizontally and/or diayonally extending reinforcing rods, the vertical reinforcing rods being inserted through the open upper ends of the formwork elements from above, through which the concrete is filled. Subsequent to the hardening of the concrete, the foundation is finished. An ordinary foundation for a one-family house may easily be erected in one day by one person.
Besides, formwork operations by means of the cylinder-shaped thin-walled formwork elements according to the invention require less excavation works than through the use of door formwork.
When casting a sustaining wall, one excavates to frost-proof depth, whereafter the formwork elements are placed, coupled together and reinforced. If desired, excavated mass may be filled back against the formwork elements even before the concrete is filled into the formwork. Whenever the top of the sustaining wall is to extend horizontally or arch-like, the formwork elements are cut correspondingly.
The light weight and natural elasticity of the form work elements permit easy joining of e.g. two formwork elements vertically. When such joining is to be effected, it is advantegous that every second of the lower formwork elements extend to a higher point than the intermediate ones, in order to displace the joining locations vertically.
The formwork material, e.g. PVC-plastic, may be coloured.
` ` : `
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:
~ ~ .
1 3 1 63~
Disposable formwork elements in accordance with the invention are well suited for casting operations above and under water, such as in wharfs and the like. When casting under water all reinforcement can be mounted in the formwork from the surface, so that the use of divers for this kind of work becomes superfluous.
Embodiments of the invention are closer explained in the following, reference being made to the drawings, wherein:
Figures 1 and 2 in end view show a standard element and a corner element, respectively, in accordance with a first embodiment;
Figure 3 in plan view shows five interconnected formwork elements - four standard elements and one corner element, of the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2;
Figure 4 in end view shows two interconnected formwork elements according to a second embodiment;
Figure 5 in perspective side view shows flve interconnected formwork elements according to the embodiment shown in Figure 4;
Figure 6 shows a side wall of a formwork element (Figures 4 and 5) which in interconnected position engages a neigbour element;
Figure 7 in perspective side view shows two formwork elements according to a third embodiment prior to being interconnected~; ~
:
Figure 8 in perspective side view shows three formwork elements of the~embodiment shown in Figure 7, after ,~ ~
.
. , ~ . , : .
,: . . ` ' ` ' ' `
..
7 1 3 1 63~', ') interconnection;
Figure 9 in top plan view shows three interconnected formwork elements according to the third embodiment, at a formwork corner;
Figure 10 in perspective view shows a formwork element of the embodiment shown in ~igures 1 - 3; and Figure 11 in top plan view indicates different modes of assemblage for formwork elements of the type shown in Figures 1 - 3 and 10.
In the three embodiments according to Figures 1 - 3, 10 and 11; Figures 4 - 6 and Figures 7 - 9, respectively, the same or similar reference numerals are used for the same or corresponding parts.
In the first embodiment, Figures 1 - 3, 10 and 11, the reference numeral 1 indicates an enlongated cylindrical standard formwork element, while 1' denotes a corner element having the same general design. The elements 1, 1' have open ends.
The cylinder-shaped formwork elements 1, 1' have substantially octagonal cross-sectlon with rounded corner edges.
At two opposite sides, the standard element 1 is provided with connecting means for the interconnection with adjacent elements. The connecting means have the form of T-shaped ledges 2 and corresponding T-shaped grooves 3. The corner element, Figures 2 and 11, is provided with corresponding connecting means~2' and 3', respectlvely, on e.g. four, in pairs opposite sides. The interconnection which is ensured , 8 1 31 6:~6 through the engagement of the conncting ledges 2, 2' within the grooves 3, 3', is illustrated in Figure 3 and 11. It appears therefrom ~hat the corner elements 1' in another embodiment may have connecting means only at two or three sides, angularly displaced 90 degrees in relation to each other.
In this embodiment, Figures 1 - 3, 10 and 11, each formwork element has at one side portion thereof an aperture 4, 4', which possibly may extend over the entire height of the formwork element, and in another side portion which (as seen in cross-section) is angularly displaced (in standard elements 180 degrees, in corner elements e.g. 90 degrees) in relation to the former side portion as well as the aperture 4, 4', equidistantly spaced apertures 6 are provided, Figure 10, for the flowing-through of concrete between interconnected formwork elements 1, 1' .
The formwork elements 1, 1' are made of PVC-plastic, cardboard or similar material having corresponding properties. The wall thickness may be of the order 1 mm.
The cylindrical shape gives the formwork elements a high strength, especially to bending, at the same time as they are resilient.
The preferably through-going apertures 4, 4' contribute strongly to th1s resilience and permit i.a. stacking of two or more formwork elements, one within the other, during transport.
;
Figure 11 indicates some modes of assemblage for formwork elements 1, 1' according to the embodiment shown in Figures 1 - 3~and 10. Uppermost in this figure, three interconnected standard elements 1 are shown. Because of their elasticity, they have been capabIe of being placed along an arch-shaped .
~: :
9 1 31 63();~, or angular path. The lower portion of Figure 11 shows the interconnection of "corner elements", both in the longitudinal and lateral direction, for the establishment of a broader formwork, without having to increase the cross-sectional dimensions of the individual formwork elements.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 4 - 6, the formwork elements 1" are circular-cylindrical and being at one side thereof provided with a through-going aperture 4"
corresponding to the apertures 4, 4', so that each separate formwork element 1" attains an approximately C-shaped cross-section.
The formwork elements 1" are externally provided with connecting means in the form of ledges 5 having claw-shaped cross-sectional form. The claw-shaped connecting ledges 5 are located and designed such that adjacent ledges of neighbour elements 1" may be brought into engagement when one element 1" is partially inserted into the longitudinal aperture 4" of the adjacent element 1", so that an unshakable wall formwork is achieved.
The wall portion of each formwork element 1" located opposite the aperture 4" is provided with equidistantly spaced apertures 6, Figure 6, and therebetween placed holes for horizontal (and/or diagonal) reinforcing rods 7, Figure 5. The apertures~4", 6 permit free flow of concrete between the elements 1".
In the embodiment according to Figures 7 - 9, the formwork elements I''' have varying cross-sectional form over the length thereof; this being due to the design of the connecting means.
In Figure 7, two formwork elements 1''' are shown prior to ' .
:
10 1 Sl 6:~G() being interconnected. Each of these formwork elements 1''' is at two opposite sides thereof formed with spaced apertures 8, which for each element 1''' are axially displaced in relation to the apertures 8 at the opposite side, so that portions 9 between the apertures 8 of one element may be brought into engagement with the apertures 8 of a neighbour element. The interconnection is secured by means of vertical locking rods 10.
In Figure 9 a formwork corner is shown, wherein the corner element 1"" is somewhat differently designed than the standard elements l'''; i.e. the corner element 1"" having interconnecting portions 8, 9 at two sides angularly displaced 90 degrees in relation to each other.
Through designing the connecting means e.g. as shown in Figure 4 and 5, the mutual engagement between the connecting means 5 is strengthened whenever the formwork elements are loaded from the concrete.
Practical experiments with disposable formwork elements according to the invention have shown that they in spite of minor wall thickness and low weight are capable of accomodating the forces present during casting. Formwork elements in accordance with the invention may substitute the common door formwork in the great majority of applications of use. Thus, foundations and sustaining walls are only to be considered as examples of the invention's applicableness in practice, the formwork elements also being usable for e.g. the casting of pavement and roof. When casting a pavement and a roof, the upper wall portion of the formwork elements must be provided with cavities for the filling of concrete.
One has also conceived the use of pre~connected sets of .
. , 11 1 31 63~) formwork elements, wherein several sets form a formwork when interconnected.
As previously mentioned, the present invention also provides a method for the casting of walls and other constructions through the use of formwork using formwork elements of the kind described in the foregoing specification.
: ` :
, - ~.
:
-- , ~. , .
Claims (10)
1. Self-supporting interconnectable formwork elements for the casting of especially walls and other constructions, wherein the formwork elements have mutually cooperating connecting means adapted to be capable of being brought into firmly maintaining engagement with each other, characterized in that the formwork elements mainly are cylinder-formed, thin-walled and preferably flexible, that the formwork elements are provided with apertures at least at two mutually angularly displaced side portions, and that the connecting means are designed and located such that the formwork elements may be placed directly resting against adjacent formwork elements or such that they may engage partially into the neighbour elements.
2. Formwork elements as defined in Claim 1, characterized in that each formwork element is provided with separate holes for the accommodation of horizontally and/or diagonally extending reinforcing rods.
3. Formwork elements as defined in Claim 1 or 2 and being designed with regular polygonal cross-section, characterized in that said apertures are formed in two opposing sides.
4. Formwork elements as defined in Claim 1 or 2 and being formed with substantially circular cross-section, characterized in that said apertures are formed in two diametrically opposing side portions.
5. Formwork elements as defined in Claim 1 or 2, and intended to be used as corner elements, characterized in that said apertures are formed in at least two side portions of the corner element angularly displaced e.g. 90 degrees in relation to each other.
6. Formwork elements as defined in Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the aperture at one of the mutually angularly displaced side portions is through-going in the entire longitudinal extension of the formwork element, so that the formwork elements exhibit substantially C-shaped cross-section, and that the connecting means are positioned at or closely adjacent the longitudinal edges defining said through-going aperture.
7. Formwork elements as defined in Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the apertures at least at one of said angularly displaced side portions of the formwork elements only extend over a fraction of the longitudinal extension of the formwork element, there being provided several, preferably equidistantly spaced apertures in the longitudinal direction of the formwork element.
8. Formwork elements as defined in Claim 4, characterized in that said apertures at one side being axially displaced in relation to corresponding apertures at the other side, so that portions of adjacent formwork elements positioned between the apertures may be brought into engagement with the apertures of the neighbour element, said engagement being lockable through locking rods, which in the position of use extend vertically and which at the same time may constitute reinforcing rods.
9. Formwork elements as defined in Claim 7, characterized in that said apertures at one side being axially displaced in relation to corresponding apertures at the other side, so that portions of adjacent formwork elements positioned between the apertures may be brought into engagement with the apertures of the neighbour element, said engagement being lockable through locking rods, which in the position of use extend vertically and which at the same time may constitute reinforcing rods.
10. A method for the casting of walls and other constructions using the formwork elements as defined in Claim 1, characterized in erecting a formwork for a wall or other construction through interconnecting mainly cylinder-formed, thin-walled and preferably flexible formwork elements provided with apertures at least at two mutually angularly displaced side portions, the connecting means of the formwork elements being designed and located such that the formwork elements during and after said interconnection are being placed directly resting against adjacent formwork elements or such that they partially engage into the neighbour elements.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO883623A NO883623D0 (en) | 1988-08-15 | 1988-08-15 | SINGLE CONCRETE FORMING SYSTEM. |
| NO883623 | 1988-08-15 | ||
| NO89892844A NO165605C (en) | 1988-08-15 | 1989-07-10 | COMPOSIBLE FORMING ELEMENTS FOR CASTING SPECIAL WALL OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONS AND PROCEDURE FOR CASTING ITSELF. |
| NO892844 | 1989-07-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1316366C true CA1316366C (en) | 1993-04-20 |
Family
ID=26648107
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000608103A Expired - Fee Related CA1316366C (en) | 1988-08-15 | 1989-08-11 | Self-supporting interconnectable formwork elements for the casting of especially wall constructions and a method for the use of said formwork elements |
Country Status (29)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5216863A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0433298B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2899902B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR900702154A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1051133C (en) |
| AR (1) | AR246775A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT404273B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU634169B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8907759A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1316366C (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ473289A3 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3990874T1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK168829B1 (en) |
| EG (1) | EG18782A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2014860A6 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI910678A0 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2239275B (en) |
| GR (1) | GR1000592B (en) |
| HU (1) | HU209170B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE65244B1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX163492B (en) |
| MY (1) | MY104143A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8920757A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO165605C (en) |
| PT (1) | PT91376B (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2032803C1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE501559C2 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR25620A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990001595A1 (en) |
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- 1989-07-19 DE DE893990874T patent/DE3990874T1/en active Pending
- 1989-07-19 US US07/655,403 patent/US5216863A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-19 AU AU40330/89A patent/AU634169B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-07-19 BR BR898907759A patent/BR8907759A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-07-19 DE DE3990874A patent/DE3990874C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 1989-07-31 AR AR89314545A patent/AR246775A1/en active
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