CA1309935C - Sleeve-mounted spike fitted to a vehicle tire - Google Patents
Sleeve-mounted spike fitted to a vehicle tireInfo
- Publication number
- CA1309935C CA1309935C CA000551414A CA551414A CA1309935C CA 1309935 C CA1309935 C CA 1309935C CA 000551414 A CA000551414 A CA 000551414A CA 551414 A CA551414 A CA 551414A CA 1309935 C CA1309935 C CA 1309935C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- spike
- road
- rivet
- mounted spike
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
- B60C11/14—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band
- B60C11/16—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band of plug form, e.g. made from metal, textile
- B60C11/1643—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band of plug form, e.g. made from metal, textile with special shape of the plug-body portion, i.e. not cylindrical
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention provides a sleeve-mounted spike.
The sleeve of the substantially symmetric sleeve-mounted spike is provided with an oblique hole for a rivet, the sleeve-mounted spike being arranged, on first contact with the road surface, to meet the surface of the road in a substantially upright position.
The present invention provides a sleeve-mounted spike.
The sleeve of the substantially symmetric sleeve-mounted spike is provided with an oblique hole for a rivet, the sleeve-mounted spike being arranged, on first contact with the road surface, to meet the surface of the road in a substantially upright position.
Description
1 309q35 The present invention relates to a sleeve-mounted spike fitted to a vehicle tire.
Increasing traffic load and spike tires ln combination have proved to be a remarkable attrition factor. In soms coun-tries this has even led to prohibition of spike tires, or at least to considerable restrictions. In Nordic conditions, the beneficial effect of an anti-slip means on the safety and flexl-bility of traffic has on the other hand been irrefutably demon-strated, and this effect should not be sacrificed; instead, theassociated drawbacks should be eliminated. Good results will be achieved by further developing both the road superstructures and the anti-slip tires. As a pneumatic automobile tire rolls on an even surface, it is considerably flattened radially, owing to its flexibility, whereby in the contact region longitudinal as well as transverse forces are generated owing to changes of the rolling radlus. The longitudinal forces acting on the spike when the tire is rolling are due to bending of the body structure, to longitudinal slipping and to the stress wave in the rubber. When a spike approaches the point of contact with the road, the tire body undergoes bending such that the radius of the bent part is significantly smaller than that of equivalent parts of the load-free tire. This deflects the spike, which has been mounted at ~ right angles against the surface, to assume a vertical position ~5 before contact with the road, Owing to the protrusion of the spike point, however, the spike is not turned into a fully upright position; it meetsthe road surface in an oblique posi-tion. At this stage, the forces due to slipping tendency also begin to exert their influence.
A further consequence of the oblique angle of encounter is an increased road attrition effect also at the moment when the spike loses contact~with the road. Stresses build up around the spike which is urged into the tire in an oblique position, and these are further enhanced, owing to the rotary motion of the tire, during passage over the road contact region, and they cause ~: :
:
a scratching effect which is more powerful than that of a straight-aligned spike in an equivalent situation.
Traditionally, the shape of the sleeve-mounted spike has been symmetric and it has been mounted ln a hole perpendicular against the wear surface o the tire, whereby it meets the road in a slightly oblique position as the forces mentioned and the protrusion of the spike affect its position. The oblique contact of the spike with the road, as well as its being pushed deeper into the tire in oblique position during the initial part of road contact, cause damage to the rubber and to the spike which impairs the friction properties of the spike, detract from the durability of the spike and increase its road attrition properties.
The present invention provides an improvement in currently known sleeve-mounted spike designs. More specifically the invention provides a sleeve-mounted spike in which the drawbacks of designs of prior art have been avoided.
According to the present inventlon there is provided a sleeve-mounted spike comprising a sleeve in which is mounted a substantially symmetric rivet having a point, said sleeve being provided with a hole oblique with reference to said sleeves centre line axis for mounting the rivet such that said rivet has an oblique axis with respect to said sleeves center line axis, said sleeve-mounted spike being arranged in a tire in such manner 25 that at first contact with a road surfacer the point part meets the road surface in a substantially upright position.
The invention is described in the following more in detail by referring to some advantageous embodiments of the invention, presented in the Figures of the accompanying drawing, in which:
~:
Increasing traffic load and spike tires ln combination have proved to be a remarkable attrition factor. In soms coun-tries this has even led to prohibition of spike tires, or at least to considerable restrictions. In Nordic conditions, the beneficial effect of an anti-slip means on the safety and flexl-bility of traffic has on the other hand been irrefutably demon-strated, and this effect should not be sacrificed; instead, theassociated drawbacks should be eliminated. Good results will be achieved by further developing both the road superstructures and the anti-slip tires. As a pneumatic automobile tire rolls on an even surface, it is considerably flattened radially, owing to its flexibility, whereby in the contact region longitudinal as well as transverse forces are generated owing to changes of the rolling radlus. The longitudinal forces acting on the spike when the tire is rolling are due to bending of the body structure, to longitudinal slipping and to the stress wave in the rubber. When a spike approaches the point of contact with the road, the tire body undergoes bending such that the radius of the bent part is significantly smaller than that of equivalent parts of the load-free tire. This deflects the spike, which has been mounted at ~ right angles against the surface, to assume a vertical position ~5 before contact with the road, Owing to the protrusion of the spike point, however, the spike is not turned into a fully upright position; it meetsthe road surface in an oblique posi-tion. At this stage, the forces due to slipping tendency also begin to exert their influence.
A further consequence of the oblique angle of encounter is an increased road attrition effect also at the moment when the spike loses contact~with the road. Stresses build up around the spike which is urged into the tire in an oblique position, and these are further enhanced, owing to the rotary motion of the tire, during passage over the road contact region, and they cause ~: :
:
a scratching effect which is more powerful than that of a straight-aligned spike in an equivalent situation.
Traditionally, the shape of the sleeve-mounted spike has been symmetric and it has been mounted ln a hole perpendicular against the wear surface o the tire, whereby it meets the road in a slightly oblique position as the forces mentioned and the protrusion of the spike affect its position. The oblique contact of the spike with the road, as well as its being pushed deeper into the tire in oblique position during the initial part of road contact, cause damage to the rubber and to the spike which impairs the friction properties of the spike, detract from the durability of the spike and increase its road attrition properties.
The present invention provides an improvement in currently known sleeve-mounted spike designs. More specifically the invention provides a sleeve-mounted spike in which the drawbacks of designs of prior art have been avoided.
According to the present inventlon there is provided a sleeve-mounted spike comprising a sleeve in which is mounted a substantially symmetric rivet having a point, said sleeve being provided with a hole oblique with reference to said sleeves centre line axis for mounting the rivet such that said rivet has an oblique axis with respect to said sleeves center line axis, said sleeve-mounted spike being arranged in a tire in such manner 25 that at first contact with a road surfacer the point part meets the road surface in a substantially upright position.
The invention is described in the following more in detail by referring to some advantageous embodiments of the invention, presented in the Figures of the accompanying drawing, in which:
~:
-Fig. 1 presents an advantageous embodim~nt of the sleeve-Tnounted spike ~f the in~entian, in sectional projection.
In Fig. 2 i5 shown part of the tyre o~ a vehicle, viewed from the direction of the wear surface.
In the embodiment o~ Figs. 1 and 2~ the sleeve-mounted spike of the invention in yeneral i5 indicated by reference numeral 10. The sleeve-mounted spike 10 comprises a rivet ll, the flange 12 of the rivet ll~ a point part 13 and a sleeve 14. In Figs 1 and ~ the rubber of the vehicle tyre is indicated by re~erence numeral 16 the wear surf~c~ of the tyre by reference numeral 17~ and the road surface by reference numeral 18.
As tau~ht by the basio idea of the invention, the sleeve 14 of the sleeve-mounted spike 10 is provided with an oblique hole for the rivet ll, the ~leeve-mounted spike 10 being arranged in the initial contact with th~ road surfaoe 18 to meet the road surface 18 substantially in penpendicular position.
it i5 important in the encounter of the sleeve-mounted spike 10 and the~road~surface~l8 that the motion of the rivet 11 of the sleeve-mDunted spike lO;causing roa~ attrition, and the road co~tact, will be substantially perpendi;culan against the road surface 18. In the pnesent invention~ this~has been so solved in that in the sleeve par~ 14 o~ the bipantite sleeve-mounted or equivalent spike lO, a hole 15 is made which IS oblique with reference to sald part's c~ntre-line A.~The straight line running through the oblique hole 15 is indicated by l;ette~ B. An oblique hole 15 of this kind guides the road~contact~o~ the riv~t il wi~h the road surface 18 t~ take pla~e in a substantially~`~nearly pærpendiculan pos~tion when the sleeve 14 has been instal~ed in a position consistent with the slant~j~}n relation to the directiDn of the wear surfa~e pattern i7 on~the~tyre. ~ ~
.
I 3099~5 The advantageous slant of the hole 15 is determined by the above-mentioned ~orces caused by the bending of the tyre side and by the rotary mution. When said sleeve 14 provided with an oblique hole 15 is installed in a hole substnan~ially perpendicular to the wear surface 17, the sleeve-mounted spike 10 can be tilted in the direc-tion of rotation ~ithout changing the perpendicular road contact of the rivet 11. Thus, by the procedure such force components can be made to act on the sleeve-mounted spike 10 which stop the striking movement of the sleeve-mounted spike 10 and turn it into a substan-tially upright pO5i tion.
: !
:: ~ ' " ~ ~ ' ' ;, :~
.
.
.
In Fig. 2 i5 shown part of the tyre o~ a vehicle, viewed from the direction of the wear surface.
In the embodiment o~ Figs. 1 and 2~ the sleeve-mounted spike of the invention in yeneral i5 indicated by reference numeral 10. The sleeve-mounted spike 10 comprises a rivet ll, the flange 12 of the rivet ll~ a point part 13 and a sleeve 14. In Figs 1 and ~ the rubber of the vehicle tyre is indicated by re~erence numeral 16 the wear surf~c~ of the tyre by reference numeral 17~ and the road surface by reference numeral 18.
As tau~ht by the basio idea of the invention, the sleeve 14 of the sleeve-mounted spike 10 is provided with an oblique hole for the rivet ll, the ~leeve-mounted spike 10 being arranged in the initial contact with th~ road surfaoe 18 to meet the road surface 18 substantially in penpendicular position.
it i5 important in the encounter of the sleeve-mounted spike 10 and the~road~surface~l8 that the motion of the rivet 11 of the sleeve-mDunted spike lO;causing roa~ attrition, and the road co~tact, will be substantially perpendi;culan against the road surface 18. In the pnesent invention~ this~has been so solved in that in the sleeve par~ 14 o~ the bipantite sleeve-mounted or equivalent spike lO, a hole 15 is made which IS oblique with reference to sald part's c~ntre-line A.~The straight line running through the oblique hole 15 is indicated by l;ette~ B. An oblique hole 15 of this kind guides the road~contact~o~ the riv~t il wi~h the road surface 18 t~ take pla~e in a substantially~`~nearly pærpendiculan pos~tion when the sleeve 14 has been instal~ed in a position consistent with the slant~j~}n relation to the directiDn of the wear surfa~e pattern i7 on~the~tyre. ~ ~
.
I 3099~5 The advantageous slant of the hole 15 is determined by the above-mentioned ~orces caused by the bending of the tyre side and by the rotary mution. When said sleeve 14 provided with an oblique hole 15 is installed in a hole substnan~ially perpendicular to the wear surface 17, the sleeve-mounted spike 10 can be tilted in the direc-tion of rotation ~ithout changing the perpendicular road contact of the rivet 11. Thus, by the procedure such force components can be made to act on the sleeve-mounted spike 10 which stop the striking movement of the sleeve-mounted spike 10 and turn it into a substan-tially upright pO5i tion.
: !
:: ~ ' " ~ ~ ' ' ;, :~
.
.
.
Claims
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A sleeve-mounted spike comprising a sleeve in which is mounted a substantially symmetric rivet having a point, said sleeve being provided with a hole oblique with reference to said sleeves centre line axis for mounting the rivet such that said rivet has an oblique axis with respect to said sleeves center line axis, said sleeve-mounted spike being arranged in a tire in such manner that at first contact with a road surface, the point part meets the road surface in a substantially upright position.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000551414A CA1309935C (en) | 1987-11-09 | 1987-11-09 | Sleeve-mounted spike fitted to a vehicle tire |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000551414A CA1309935C (en) | 1987-11-09 | 1987-11-09 | Sleeve-mounted spike fitted to a vehicle tire |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1309935C true CA1309935C (en) | 1992-11-10 |
Family
ID=4136818
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000551414A Expired - Fee Related CA1309935C (en) | 1987-11-09 | 1987-11-09 | Sleeve-mounted spike fitted to a vehicle tire |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1309935C (en) |
-
1987
- 1987-11-09 CA CA000551414A patent/CA1309935C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |