CA1308484C - Process for contactless energy and data transfer, as well as mechanically and electronically coded lock - Google Patents
Process for contactless energy and data transfer, as well as mechanically and electronically coded lockInfo
- Publication number
- CA1308484C CA1308484C CA000565168A CA565168A CA1308484C CA 1308484 C CA1308484 C CA 1308484C CA 000565168 A CA000565168 A CA 000565168A CA 565168 A CA565168 A CA 565168A CA 1308484 C CA1308484 C CA 1308484C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- energy
- subelectronics
- main electronics
- data
- lock
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C9/00182—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with unidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C2009/00579—Power supply for the keyless data carrier
- G07C2009/00603—Power supply for the keyless data carrier by power transmission from lock
- G07C2009/00611—Power supply for the keyless data carrier by power transmission from lock by using inductive transmission
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C2009/00753—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys
- G07C2009/00769—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means
- G07C2009/00777—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means by induction
Landscapes
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
- Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
- Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
- Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Transmitters (AREA)
- Ticket-Dispensing Machines (AREA)
- Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
- Dc Digital Transmission (AREA)
- Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
- Holo Graphy (AREA)
- Magnetic Record Carriers (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
A process for the contactless transfer of energy and data in a combined mechanically/electronically coded lock having current-powered main electronics and non-powered subelectronics. The data and energy transfer is performed via coupling elements connected to the main and subelectronics, respectively. The energy and data exchange is controlled by a microcontroller in the main unit such that energy or data are transferred alternatingly via the coupling elements. By a variation of the energy pulse length, the transferred energy is automatically adapted to the energy consumption of the subelectronics, including transmission losses. The starting moments of the data sequences in the subelectronics are synchronized with the sequences in the main electronics.
A process for the contactless transfer of energy and data in a combined mechanically/electronically coded lock having current-powered main electronics and non-powered subelectronics. The data and energy transfer is performed via coupling elements connected to the main and subelectronics, respectively. The energy and data exchange is controlled by a microcontroller in the main unit such that energy or data are transferred alternatingly via the coupling elements. By a variation of the energy pulse length, the transferred energy is automatically adapted to the energy consumption of the subelectronics, including transmission losses. The starting moments of the data sequences in the subelectronics are synchronized with the sequences in the main electronics.
Description
PATENT
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTACTLESS
ENERGY AND DATA TRANSFER
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
1. Field of the Invention:
The invention relates to a method and apparatus for the contactless transfer of energy and data, and in particular to such a method and apparatus for a combined type of mechanically-electronically coded lock.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTACTLESS
ENERGY AND DATA TRANSFER
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
1. Field of the Invention:
The invention relates to a method and apparatus for the contactless transfer of energy and data, and in particular to such a method and apparatus for a combined type of mechanically-electronically coded lock.
2. Description of Related Art:
A device for inductively identifying information in the case of access controls, and in particular with `
respect to an inductively electronic lock and key portion, has been known from German Patent 31 49 789.
When the key portion approaches the lock part, an `
oscillator of the lock part oscillates at high-frequency. The oscillations are received by the key portion and, upon modulation by means of a frequency or pulse pattern serving as a key identification, they are retransmitted to the lock part for further processing by lock-side electronics. The key part comprises an energy storage means which accepts the energy received from a `~
HF-oscillation circuit. In the case of such equipment, 20 data and energy transfer is performed simultaneously by `
means of the same HF signal.
qerman OS 35 00 353 relates to a mechanically and electronically coded key including a lock operable therewith. The key contains a conventional mechanical 25 coding as well as an electronic coding in its head. The ~ -corresponding lock includes a mechanical blocking means - -`-`
and an electronic storage and control system provided `
with a decoding or reading device and an energy supply. -The lock is provided with a detector adapted to 30 cooperate by contact-free energy and data exchange with ;
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a counterdetector fitted at the key and transmitting a non-mechanical coding. The detector is housed at the end side of the lock cylinder while the counterdetector is accommodated in the end side of the key head confronting the lock cylinder. The key head contains a module comprising a microprocessor, a data memory, and a short-term energy storage, the module having programmed in it the key coding. The detectors may consist of HF
transmitters or HF receivers. If the counterdetector fixed at the key approaches the detector of the lock cylinder, an excitation in the oscillating circuit of the key is caused and energy is supplied which is required for the data transmission or data comparison between lock and key electronics. In the case of said mechanically and non-mechanically coded key/lock combination, an adaptation of the energy transmission to the energy consumption of the key electronics and of the transmission path is not provided.
Another device for contactlessly coupling control and power flows between lock and key electronics in connection with an electro-mechanical locking means has been known from German OS 35 01 482. Communication between key and lock is established by a bidirectional, serial, inductive interface, it being possible for the ;
key and also for the lock electronics to be equipped with a microcontroller and an erasable PROM. The design of such a mechanical/electronic lock cannot be conformed to the real energy consumption of key electronics and of the transmission path, so that energy consumption of the main electronics is substantially higher and battery-powered or accumulator-powered operations are excluded.
Further, the transmission of data is susceptible to disturbances, with the consequence that the lock cannot be opened in case of failure.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for the contactless transmission of energy and ., 4 ~ 4 .
data, in particular the contactless transmission of energy and data in connection with the combined type of mechanically/electronically coded lock, said process ensuring energy transmission and transmission .
5 reliability for the coded data under varying :
transmission conditions and with low energy consumption.
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SU~MARY OF THE INVENTION:
In accordance with the present invention, these and other objectives are achieved in that energy or data are transmitted alternatingly via the coupling elements.
Via a variation of energy pulse length, the transmitted energy is automatically adapted to the subelectronics energy consumption dictated by the varying transmission losses. Upon the start-up of the main electronics, energy pulses of a predetermined time period are repeatedly transferred until a reset acknowledgement signal of the subelectronics is present. Upon the presence of a reset acknowledgement signal, energy pulses are transmitted at a length which is dependent upon the energy consumption.
Due to the process of the invention, a high transmission reliability is ensured even in the case of transmission losses or parasitic influences in the transmission path. The transmitted energy automatically adapts itself to the lower consumption of the subelectronics, including losses in the transmission path. Due to said automatic adaptation of the -transmitted power to the changing influences acting on -the transmission path, adaptation is also possible to various doors and fixtures of different materials which have a more or less considerable damping effect on high frequency energy. Further, use may be made of various geometric designs of doors and fixtures which, as with an incorrect alignment of receiver and transmitter portions, have a damping effect on the HF-transmission and may interrupt the wireless energy supply to the key.
Without an adaption, operation would accordingly be impossible or--in a prestage of an interrupted operation --the data codes would be falsified with a resultant inoperativeness of the lock. As a secondary advantage, current consumption is low, and a high reliability of transmission allows a battery- or accumulator-powered operation.
Upon the start-up of the main electronics, energy pulses of a timed period are repeatedly transmitted until a reset acknowledgement signal of the subelectronics is present. Upon the presence of a reset acknowledgement signal, energy pulses (energy bursts) are transmitted at a length dictated by the real energy consumption. Hence, by means of low amounts of energy, it is possible to quickly reach the required supply -- -voltage in the subelectronics while, at the same time, excessive energy transmission is excluded.
Moreover, transmission reliability is increased in that the data are coded binarily so that the signal-to-noise ratio is considerable.
A lock being coded mechanico-electronically, for use in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the 20 invention, is characterized in that, over a specific ;
length, the lock cylinder is enclosed by a slip-on type, integral, non-metallic lock-interface module -accommodating a key detection switch, an electronically energizable blocking mechanism and the lock-sided ~-coupling element.
Such an interface module may be used in conjunction ~ i with an unmodified conventional lock. In such a case, it isjonly seated on the lock cylinder portion which projects out of the lock box. Due to the use of a 30 nonmetallic material such as circonium oxide, --transmission losses are reduced, thus permitting a battery-powered operation of the mechanico-electronically coded lock. The key detection switch ~-allows the device to be turned off in the case of . ~ ' "
..., .. -.
-' :
1 ,"')~4 non-use, so that, in case of battery operation, a further increase of possible lock operations per set of batteries is feasible.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electronical coding of the key is provided in a serial EEPROM via an n-way plug which, upon programming and encapsulation, is no longer accessible without destruction. The encapsulation of the key electronics with the plug inhibits unauthorized key programming.
Due to the use of a serial code memory, the pin number of the programming plug may be kept low.
The lock-sided coupling element may be mounted above the lock cylinder in the interface module so that it is insulated from mechanical elements such as door dressings. The provision of the coupling element in non-metallic material of the lock interface module allows transmission losses to be minimized, the influence of metal behind the lock interface being negligible.
.
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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
A detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention will be explained hereunder with reference to the drawings in which Fig. 1 is a block diagram concerning the electronics used in the process of a preferred ~ -embodiment of the invention, Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the preferred main electronics, Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the preferred key electronics, Fig. 4 is a time diagram including sequence control of energy and data transmission, Fig. 5 is a time diagram according to Fig. 4, in -the initial phase, Fig. 6 is a front view of a mechanico-electronically coded lock, Fig. 7 is a key of the mechanico-electronically i~
coded lock and - ;
Fig. 8 is a side view of the front part of the lock cylinder with inserted key.
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,'' ' ' r g 4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT: :
The following detailed description is of the best presently contemplated mode of carrying out the invention. This description is not to be taken in a 5 limiting sense, but is made merely for the purpose of ~ -illustrating the general principles of the invention.
The scope of the invention is best defined by the -appended claims.
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram for the electronics required in connection with a preferred process for the contactless transmission of energy and data.
Through a current supply unit 3, main electronics 1 are adequately provided with energy which, via contactless coupling elements 4 and 5, may be transmitted from the main electronics 1 to subelectronics 2. The same contactless coupling elements 4 and 5 are adapted to additionally transmit data in both directions.
Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of the main electronics comprising a microcontroller 8 including software. The microcontroller 8 enables, by a data directional signal, a switch Sl by which the data transmitted from the primary coupling element 4 of the subelectronics 2 are switched onto a demodulator 9. - ~-Alternatively, in the other position of switch Sl, the data supplied from the microcontroller 8 are transmitted ~-to the primary coupling element 4 via a modulator 7 with a power stage. The current supply unit 3 provides energy for the main electronics 1, the subelectronics 2 and the losses in the transmission path. The primary coupling element 4 is of the high frequency type. Due to a HF oscillator 6, the carrier wave for the energy and the data i6 supplied to the modulator 7 with a power stage.
9 1~ ,4~4 ~:
, In the receiving phase, switch Sl is switched to demodulator 9 by microcontroller 8 of the main ~-electronics 1. The data energy intercoupled by subelectronics 2 via the primary coupling element 4 is 5 converted into a binary signal in demodulator 9 and :
evaluated subsequently by microcontroller 8.
Fig. 3 shows a block diagram of the subelectronics 2. Energy periodically fed by the main electronics 1 via the secondary coupling element 5 is rectified in the ::
10 energy recovery unit 11, and smoothed and stored in a -capacitor which ensures an energy supply to the -~
subelectronics 2.
The design of the data/energy control signal :-recovery unit 12 is similar to that of the energy store ; .
15 of the energy recovery unit 11, except for the time -~ ;
constant of smoothing, which is substantially shorter in :; -order to quickly detect changes of the energy/data- :
signal. Due to the generated control signal, the end of the energy phase is communicated to a sequence control ..
20 18. :~
As a result, the sequence control 18 initiates . :
either a data direction reversing cycle or a useful data .. :: :
cycle. In this connection, a switch S3 enabled by the .
sequence control 18 allows the realization of time ..
windows belonging to the phases and in which gating to a memory logic is performed, while the data direction is .. : :
determined by switch S2 which is also enabled by the ..
sequence control 18.
By evaluating the read/write signal from the sequence control 18, the memory logic 17 has to convey data at corresponding moments from or to a data memory 16. ::-A HF-oscillator 13 of the subelectronics 2 is .
quartz-controlled or synchronized by the main ..
35 electronics 1. From the HF-oscillator 13 there is `
derived, via a clock recovery unit 15, the clock for the : .
s ~3 4 sequence control 18 and the carrier wave for the data information running via a modulator 13 to the main electronics 1. The modulator 13 links, during the transmission to the main electronics 1, the data binary signal from the memory logic 17 with the HF-carrier.
Fig. 4 shows the transmission log of the energy and data transfer. Upon the disconnection of energy, the sequence control 18 starts a change-over or data phase.
Both have in common the decay phase ta~ If, in the following change-over phase tu, the main electronics transmits energy, the data direction for all of the following data phases is reversed in the subelectronics (key), and the cycle is terminated. If no energy is transmitted by the main electronics in the change-over phase, a useful data phase td is started upon the change-over phase tu. In said useful data phase, data are transmitted from or to the subelectronics. - ^
In the case of a data transfer from the subelectronics to the main electronics, the amplitude of ~ -20 the signal is smaller in view of a reduced energy ~--consumption of the subelectronics.
Each cycle ends with an energy reloading phase in which, to compensate for used up energy, energy is again transferred from the main electronics. The lower diagram of Fig. 4 shows the curve of the supply voltage of the subelectronics. Upon termination of the energy phase, the supply voltage Vcc decreases continuously to the en;d of the data transfer in the fifth section, in order to rise again in the energy refreshing phase during the energy pulse.
The length of the energy pulse te should preferably be set such that the following formula is applicable in the first approximation:
e I (tgeS (Iverl + ITE) ~ td IDTE) '.
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'''~ ~' ' -1 ~ ~, 4 ~ ~
wherein Ig is the effective current at the primary ~
coupling element 4, tgeS is the total time of the data -and energy phase, IVerl is the loss current in the transmission path, ITE is the current consumption of the circuit portion of the subelectronics being active over the total period, and IDTE is the current consumption of ~ ~
the circuit portion of the subelectronics active but ~^
only during the data phase (td = duration of data phase).
Fig. 5 shows the starting phase upon the powering of the main electronics. It starts with the ^ -transmission of energy pulses of a determined time Ter. ~
Between said energy pulses, there is provided a time ^-window Tr in which the main electronics scan the ^ ~-coupling point for a reset acknowledgement of the subelectronics. Unless a reset acknowledgement is transmitted by the subelectronics, energy pulses of a length Ter are transmitted again until the subelectronics send out a reset acknowledgement. The reset acknowledgement is supplied by the subelectronics if the supply voltage has reached the value sufficient -for normal operation. Subsequently, the microcontroller 8 calculates the required energy pulse time te.
During the supply of energy pulses of a constant length (Ter), the supply voltage continuously rises in the subelectronics, whereas it decreases slightly in the intermediate time windows Tr. If the required voltage level is reached in the subelectronics, a change-over to energy pulses of a length calculated by the micro-controller via the reset acknowledgement signal isperformed. The energy pulses are adapted quasi steadily to the energy consumption of the subelectronics and the efficiency of the contactless coupling. The effiaiency is dictated, for instance, by the oscillation circuit 35 quality, the eddy-current losses in metal and/or the ~ ;
distance of transmission. The suggested circuit 1 7r~3~4 achieves a considerable signal-to-noise ratio for the transmitted signals because the binary-coded data are represented either by an existing energy signal (HIGH) or by a missing energy signal (LOW) according to the amplitude shift keying method. The signal-to-noise ratio and the functional safety are increased further in that the energy pulse length is adapted to the changed trans-mission conditions at the beginning of a closing opera- -tion. The transmission conditions may change in practice 10 within broad limits due, for instance, to incorrect ~ -alignments between the coupling elements, varying air gap size between coupling elements and contaminations between the coupling elements, as well as due to different materials and geometries of the lock, door -and fittings.
Due to the circuit, a bidirectional transmission of information is possible without a substantial in-crease of circuit expenditure. The quartz clock-con-trolled microcontroller 8 allows a synchronization and control of transmission by the energy phase taking place upon each transmission. Therefore, synchroniza-tion problems practically do not arise. Moreover, only one corresponding coupling element is needed for energy and data transmission.
Figs. 6 to 8 ~how a preferred embodiment of a combination mechanico-electronically coded lock comprising a locX cylinder lO connected to the main electronics l and a mechanically coded key 23 whose head 24 accommodates the subelectronics 2. The lock cyfinder lO is enclosed by a non-metallic lock inter-face module 20 slipped on the lock cylinder over part -of its length.
The lock interface module 20 is only seated on the lock cylinder portion projecting from the lock case, ~
35 thus allowing mounting into a nonmodified, conventional ~ -lock. The upper portion of the lock interface module 20 is made of one piece and comprises a key detection switch 21, an electrically energizable blocking system ~.
13 ~ 4g4 22 arranged laterally at the lock interface module 20, ~ -and the lock-side primary coupling element 4 in the vicinity of the front face of the lock interface module 20, which front face ends with the lock cylinder 10.
The lock-side coupling element 4 consists of a coil containing a ferrite core extending in parallel to the key insertion direction, the coupling element being -provided above the key cylinder. The ferrite cores of the coils are used for field focussing.
As for the lock-side coupling element 4, it is insulated from a possible metallic dressing, on the one hand, and it approaches as much as possible the secondary key-side coupling element 5 provided in the key head 24, on the other hand.
By the optimum positioning of the electronic coupling elements 4 and 5 and with the use of ;
non-metallic material, transmission losses are minimized. -Due to the mechanical key detection switch, a disconnection of the current in case of non-use is possible, with a resultant further increase of closing events per battery in the case of battery-powered operation. The positive enclosure of the lock cylinder `
10 by the lock interface module 20 does away with a 25 complicated adjustment of the lock-interface module 20, -:
which is adjusted by means of a single screw.
The head 24 of the mechanically coded key 23 further accommodates the sequence control 18, the memory logic 17 and a serial EEPROM 25 containing the data ~ -memory 16 and adapted to be programmed with the electronic coding via an n-way plug 26. The use of a serial EEPROM 25 allows reduction of the pin number of the programming plug 26.
The secondary coupling element 5 also consists of a 35 coil enclosing a ferrite core which, in the case of an -inserted key 23, extends coaxially to the ferrite core . .
14 1J~ 4~34 of the primary coupling element 4, a small air gap being left between the coupling elements 4 and 5 if the key 23 is inserted.
Upon programming the serial EEPROM 25 via the n-way plug 26, the subelectronics 2 contained in the key head 24 is encapsulated with the remaining unit elements so that head 24 cannot be opened without its destruction.
An unauthorized key programming is accordingly inhibited.
The presently disclosed embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims, rather than the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the -15 meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are -therefore intended to be embraced therein. -
A device for inductively identifying information in the case of access controls, and in particular with `
respect to an inductively electronic lock and key portion, has been known from German Patent 31 49 789.
When the key portion approaches the lock part, an `
oscillator of the lock part oscillates at high-frequency. The oscillations are received by the key portion and, upon modulation by means of a frequency or pulse pattern serving as a key identification, they are retransmitted to the lock part for further processing by lock-side electronics. The key part comprises an energy storage means which accepts the energy received from a `~
HF-oscillation circuit. In the case of such equipment, 20 data and energy transfer is performed simultaneously by `
means of the same HF signal.
qerman OS 35 00 353 relates to a mechanically and electronically coded key including a lock operable therewith. The key contains a conventional mechanical 25 coding as well as an electronic coding in its head. The ~ -corresponding lock includes a mechanical blocking means - -`-`
and an electronic storage and control system provided `
with a decoding or reading device and an energy supply. -The lock is provided with a detector adapted to 30 cooperate by contact-free energy and data exchange with ;
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. ';' - 1 7 ~ 3~r~
a counterdetector fitted at the key and transmitting a non-mechanical coding. The detector is housed at the end side of the lock cylinder while the counterdetector is accommodated in the end side of the key head confronting the lock cylinder. The key head contains a module comprising a microprocessor, a data memory, and a short-term energy storage, the module having programmed in it the key coding. The detectors may consist of HF
transmitters or HF receivers. If the counterdetector fixed at the key approaches the detector of the lock cylinder, an excitation in the oscillating circuit of the key is caused and energy is supplied which is required for the data transmission or data comparison between lock and key electronics. In the case of said mechanically and non-mechanically coded key/lock combination, an adaptation of the energy transmission to the energy consumption of the key electronics and of the transmission path is not provided.
Another device for contactlessly coupling control and power flows between lock and key electronics in connection with an electro-mechanical locking means has been known from German OS 35 01 482. Communication between key and lock is established by a bidirectional, serial, inductive interface, it being possible for the ;
key and also for the lock electronics to be equipped with a microcontroller and an erasable PROM. The design of such a mechanical/electronic lock cannot be conformed to the real energy consumption of key electronics and of the transmission path, so that energy consumption of the main electronics is substantially higher and battery-powered or accumulator-powered operations are excluded.
Further, the transmission of data is susceptible to disturbances, with the consequence that the lock cannot be opened in case of failure.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for the contactless transmission of energy and ., 4 ~ 4 .
data, in particular the contactless transmission of energy and data in connection with the combined type of mechanically/electronically coded lock, said process ensuring energy transmission and transmission .
5 reliability for the coded data under varying :
transmission conditions and with low energy consumption.
:: .
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`.'''' '.''`
. ~, .
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SU~MARY OF THE INVENTION:
In accordance with the present invention, these and other objectives are achieved in that energy or data are transmitted alternatingly via the coupling elements.
Via a variation of energy pulse length, the transmitted energy is automatically adapted to the subelectronics energy consumption dictated by the varying transmission losses. Upon the start-up of the main electronics, energy pulses of a predetermined time period are repeatedly transferred until a reset acknowledgement signal of the subelectronics is present. Upon the presence of a reset acknowledgement signal, energy pulses are transmitted at a length which is dependent upon the energy consumption.
Due to the process of the invention, a high transmission reliability is ensured even in the case of transmission losses or parasitic influences in the transmission path. The transmitted energy automatically adapts itself to the lower consumption of the subelectronics, including losses in the transmission path. Due to said automatic adaptation of the -transmitted power to the changing influences acting on -the transmission path, adaptation is also possible to various doors and fixtures of different materials which have a more or less considerable damping effect on high frequency energy. Further, use may be made of various geometric designs of doors and fixtures which, as with an incorrect alignment of receiver and transmitter portions, have a damping effect on the HF-transmission and may interrupt the wireless energy supply to the key.
Without an adaption, operation would accordingly be impossible or--in a prestage of an interrupted operation --the data codes would be falsified with a resultant inoperativeness of the lock. As a secondary advantage, current consumption is low, and a high reliability of transmission allows a battery- or accumulator-powered operation.
Upon the start-up of the main electronics, energy pulses of a timed period are repeatedly transmitted until a reset acknowledgement signal of the subelectronics is present. Upon the presence of a reset acknowledgement signal, energy pulses (energy bursts) are transmitted at a length dictated by the real energy consumption. Hence, by means of low amounts of energy, it is possible to quickly reach the required supply -- -voltage in the subelectronics while, at the same time, excessive energy transmission is excluded.
Moreover, transmission reliability is increased in that the data are coded binarily so that the signal-to-noise ratio is considerable.
A lock being coded mechanico-electronically, for use in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the 20 invention, is characterized in that, over a specific ;
length, the lock cylinder is enclosed by a slip-on type, integral, non-metallic lock-interface module -accommodating a key detection switch, an electronically energizable blocking mechanism and the lock-sided ~-coupling element.
Such an interface module may be used in conjunction ~ i with an unmodified conventional lock. In such a case, it isjonly seated on the lock cylinder portion which projects out of the lock box. Due to the use of a 30 nonmetallic material such as circonium oxide, --transmission losses are reduced, thus permitting a battery-powered operation of the mechanico-electronically coded lock. The key detection switch ~-allows the device to be turned off in the case of . ~ ' "
..., .. -.
-' :
1 ,"')~4 non-use, so that, in case of battery operation, a further increase of possible lock operations per set of batteries is feasible.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electronical coding of the key is provided in a serial EEPROM via an n-way plug which, upon programming and encapsulation, is no longer accessible without destruction. The encapsulation of the key electronics with the plug inhibits unauthorized key programming.
Due to the use of a serial code memory, the pin number of the programming plug may be kept low.
The lock-sided coupling element may be mounted above the lock cylinder in the interface module so that it is insulated from mechanical elements such as door dressings. The provision of the coupling element in non-metallic material of the lock interface module allows transmission losses to be minimized, the influence of metal behind the lock interface being negligible.
.
'' ''.
'-'' ' ,, .. . . " , - , . -. .. . , , . . . , . ~, .: , .. , , . , ~ , .. .. .
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
A detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention will be explained hereunder with reference to the drawings in which Fig. 1 is a block diagram concerning the electronics used in the process of a preferred ~ -embodiment of the invention, Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the preferred main electronics, Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the preferred key electronics, Fig. 4 is a time diagram including sequence control of energy and data transmission, Fig. 5 is a time diagram according to Fig. 4, in -the initial phase, Fig. 6 is a front view of a mechanico-electronically coded lock, Fig. 7 is a key of the mechanico-electronically i~
coded lock and - ;
Fig. 8 is a side view of the front part of the lock cylinder with inserted key.
~'".
,'' ' ' r g 4 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT: :
The following detailed description is of the best presently contemplated mode of carrying out the invention. This description is not to be taken in a 5 limiting sense, but is made merely for the purpose of ~ -illustrating the general principles of the invention.
The scope of the invention is best defined by the -appended claims.
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram for the electronics required in connection with a preferred process for the contactless transmission of energy and data.
Through a current supply unit 3, main electronics 1 are adequately provided with energy which, via contactless coupling elements 4 and 5, may be transmitted from the main electronics 1 to subelectronics 2. The same contactless coupling elements 4 and 5 are adapted to additionally transmit data in both directions.
Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of the main electronics comprising a microcontroller 8 including software. The microcontroller 8 enables, by a data directional signal, a switch Sl by which the data transmitted from the primary coupling element 4 of the subelectronics 2 are switched onto a demodulator 9. - ~-Alternatively, in the other position of switch Sl, the data supplied from the microcontroller 8 are transmitted ~-to the primary coupling element 4 via a modulator 7 with a power stage. The current supply unit 3 provides energy for the main electronics 1, the subelectronics 2 and the losses in the transmission path. The primary coupling element 4 is of the high frequency type. Due to a HF oscillator 6, the carrier wave for the energy and the data i6 supplied to the modulator 7 with a power stage.
9 1~ ,4~4 ~:
, In the receiving phase, switch Sl is switched to demodulator 9 by microcontroller 8 of the main ~-electronics 1. The data energy intercoupled by subelectronics 2 via the primary coupling element 4 is 5 converted into a binary signal in demodulator 9 and :
evaluated subsequently by microcontroller 8.
Fig. 3 shows a block diagram of the subelectronics 2. Energy periodically fed by the main electronics 1 via the secondary coupling element 5 is rectified in the ::
10 energy recovery unit 11, and smoothed and stored in a -capacitor which ensures an energy supply to the -~
subelectronics 2.
The design of the data/energy control signal :-recovery unit 12 is similar to that of the energy store ; .
15 of the energy recovery unit 11, except for the time -~ ;
constant of smoothing, which is substantially shorter in :; -order to quickly detect changes of the energy/data- :
signal. Due to the generated control signal, the end of the energy phase is communicated to a sequence control ..
20 18. :~
As a result, the sequence control 18 initiates . :
either a data direction reversing cycle or a useful data .. :: :
cycle. In this connection, a switch S3 enabled by the .
sequence control 18 allows the realization of time ..
windows belonging to the phases and in which gating to a memory logic is performed, while the data direction is .. : :
determined by switch S2 which is also enabled by the ..
sequence control 18.
By evaluating the read/write signal from the sequence control 18, the memory logic 17 has to convey data at corresponding moments from or to a data memory 16. ::-A HF-oscillator 13 of the subelectronics 2 is .
quartz-controlled or synchronized by the main ..
35 electronics 1. From the HF-oscillator 13 there is `
derived, via a clock recovery unit 15, the clock for the : .
s ~3 4 sequence control 18 and the carrier wave for the data information running via a modulator 13 to the main electronics 1. The modulator 13 links, during the transmission to the main electronics 1, the data binary signal from the memory logic 17 with the HF-carrier.
Fig. 4 shows the transmission log of the energy and data transfer. Upon the disconnection of energy, the sequence control 18 starts a change-over or data phase.
Both have in common the decay phase ta~ If, in the following change-over phase tu, the main electronics transmits energy, the data direction for all of the following data phases is reversed in the subelectronics (key), and the cycle is terminated. If no energy is transmitted by the main electronics in the change-over phase, a useful data phase td is started upon the change-over phase tu. In said useful data phase, data are transmitted from or to the subelectronics. - ^
In the case of a data transfer from the subelectronics to the main electronics, the amplitude of ~ -20 the signal is smaller in view of a reduced energy ~--consumption of the subelectronics.
Each cycle ends with an energy reloading phase in which, to compensate for used up energy, energy is again transferred from the main electronics. The lower diagram of Fig. 4 shows the curve of the supply voltage of the subelectronics. Upon termination of the energy phase, the supply voltage Vcc decreases continuously to the en;d of the data transfer in the fifth section, in order to rise again in the energy refreshing phase during the energy pulse.
The length of the energy pulse te should preferably be set such that the following formula is applicable in the first approximation:
e I (tgeS (Iverl + ITE) ~ td IDTE) '.
:,.':
'''~ ~' ' -1 ~ ~, 4 ~ ~
wherein Ig is the effective current at the primary ~
coupling element 4, tgeS is the total time of the data -and energy phase, IVerl is the loss current in the transmission path, ITE is the current consumption of the circuit portion of the subelectronics being active over the total period, and IDTE is the current consumption of ~ ~
the circuit portion of the subelectronics active but ~^
only during the data phase (td = duration of data phase).
Fig. 5 shows the starting phase upon the powering of the main electronics. It starts with the ^ -transmission of energy pulses of a determined time Ter. ~
Between said energy pulses, there is provided a time ^-window Tr in which the main electronics scan the ^ ~-coupling point for a reset acknowledgement of the subelectronics. Unless a reset acknowledgement is transmitted by the subelectronics, energy pulses of a length Ter are transmitted again until the subelectronics send out a reset acknowledgement. The reset acknowledgement is supplied by the subelectronics if the supply voltage has reached the value sufficient -for normal operation. Subsequently, the microcontroller 8 calculates the required energy pulse time te.
During the supply of energy pulses of a constant length (Ter), the supply voltage continuously rises in the subelectronics, whereas it decreases slightly in the intermediate time windows Tr. If the required voltage level is reached in the subelectronics, a change-over to energy pulses of a length calculated by the micro-controller via the reset acknowledgement signal isperformed. The energy pulses are adapted quasi steadily to the energy consumption of the subelectronics and the efficiency of the contactless coupling. The effiaiency is dictated, for instance, by the oscillation circuit 35 quality, the eddy-current losses in metal and/or the ~ ;
distance of transmission. The suggested circuit 1 7r~3~4 achieves a considerable signal-to-noise ratio for the transmitted signals because the binary-coded data are represented either by an existing energy signal (HIGH) or by a missing energy signal (LOW) according to the amplitude shift keying method. The signal-to-noise ratio and the functional safety are increased further in that the energy pulse length is adapted to the changed trans-mission conditions at the beginning of a closing opera- -tion. The transmission conditions may change in practice 10 within broad limits due, for instance, to incorrect ~ -alignments between the coupling elements, varying air gap size between coupling elements and contaminations between the coupling elements, as well as due to different materials and geometries of the lock, door -and fittings.
Due to the circuit, a bidirectional transmission of information is possible without a substantial in-crease of circuit expenditure. The quartz clock-con-trolled microcontroller 8 allows a synchronization and control of transmission by the energy phase taking place upon each transmission. Therefore, synchroniza-tion problems practically do not arise. Moreover, only one corresponding coupling element is needed for energy and data transmission.
Figs. 6 to 8 ~how a preferred embodiment of a combination mechanico-electronically coded lock comprising a locX cylinder lO connected to the main electronics l and a mechanically coded key 23 whose head 24 accommodates the subelectronics 2. The lock cyfinder lO is enclosed by a non-metallic lock inter-face module 20 slipped on the lock cylinder over part -of its length.
The lock interface module 20 is only seated on the lock cylinder portion projecting from the lock case, ~
35 thus allowing mounting into a nonmodified, conventional ~ -lock. The upper portion of the lock interface module 20 is made of one piece and comprises a key detection switch 21, an electrically energizable blocking system ~.
13 ~ 4g4 22 arranged laterally at the lock interface module 20, ~ -and the lock-side primary coupling element 4 in the vicinity of the front face of the lock interface module 20, which front face ends with the lock cylinder 10.
The lock-side coupling element 4 consists of a coil containing a ferrite core extending in parallel to the key insertion direction, the coupling element being -provided above the key cylinder. The ferrite cores of the coils are used for field focussing.
As for the lock-side coupling element 4, it is insulated from a possible metallic dressing, on the one hand, and it approaches as much as possible the secondary key-side coupling element 5 provided in the key head 24, on the other hand.
By the optimum positioning of the electronic coupling elements 4 and 5 and with the use of ;
non-metallic material, transmission losses are minimized. -Due to the mechanical key detection switch, a disconnection of the current in case of non-use is possible, with a resultant further increase of closing events per battery in the case of battery-powered operation. The positive enclosure of the lock cylinder `
10 by the lock interface module 20 does away with a 25 complicated adjustment of the lock-interface module 20, -:
which is adjusted by means of a single screw.
The head 24 of the mechanically coded key 23 further accommodates the sequence control 18, the memory logic 17 and a serial EEPROM 25 containing the data ~ -memory 16 and adapted to be programmed with the electronic coding via an n-way plug 26. The use of a serial EEPROM 25 allows reduction of the pin number of the programming plug 26.
The secondary coupling element 5 also consists of a 35 coil enclosing a ferrite core which, in the case of an -inserted key 23, extends coaxially to the ferrite core . .
14 1J~ 4~34 of the primary coupling element 4, a small air gap being left between the coupling elements 4 and 5 if the key 23 is inserted.
Upon programming the serial EEPROM 25 via the n-way plug 26, the subelectronics 2 contained in the key head 24 is encapsulated with the remaining unit elements so that head 24 cannot be opened without its destruction.
An unauthorized key programming is accordingly inhibited.
The presently disclosed embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims, rather than the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the -15 meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are -therefore intended to be embraced therein. -
Claims (6)
1. A process for the contactless transfer of energy and data between current-powered main electronics and non-powered subelectronics via coupling elements respectively connected to the main electronics and to the subelectronics, said process comprising the steps of:
powering the main electronics at the beginning of a closing operation, repeatedly transmitting energy pulses of a predetermined length Ter from the main electronics to the subelectronics in a start phase, transmitting a reset acknowledgment signal from the subelectronics to the main electronics, if the supply voltage has reached the value sufficient for normal operation and, upon receipt of the reset acknowledgment signal by the main electronics, alternatingly transferring energy pulses of a variable length te adapted to changed transmission conditions and data pulses from the main electronics to the subelectronics via the coupling elements, the length t of the energy pulses transferred from the main electronics to the subelectronics being varied according to the energy consumption in the start phase terminated by said reset acknowledgment signal to thereby automatically adapt the energy transferred from the main electronics to the real energy consumption requirements of the subelectronics detected in the start phase.
powering the main electronics at the beginning of a closing operation, repeatedly transmitting energy pulses of a predetermined length Ter from the main electronics to the subelectronics in a start phase, transmitting a reset acknowledgment signal from the subelectronics to the main electronics, if the supply voltage has reached the value sufficient for normal operation and, upon receipt of the reset acknowledgment signal by the main electronics, alternatingly transferring energy pulses of a variable length te adapted to changed transmission conditions and data pulses from the main electronics to the subelectronics via the coupling elements, the length t of the energy pulses transferred from the main electronics to the subelectronics being varied according to the energy consumption in the start phase terminated by said reset acknowledgment signal to thereby automatically adapt the energy transferred from the main electronics to the real energy consumption requirements of the subelectronics detected in the start phase.
2. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein the main electronics includes means for determining the data flow direction in the subelectronics and wherein the transferring of data pulses is bidirectional, said process further comprising the step of:
synchronizing the starting moments of the sequence of data pulses in the subelectronics with the sequence of data pulses in the main electronics.
synchronizing the starting moments of the sequence of data pulses in the subelectronics with the sequence of data pulses in the main electronics.
3. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein the data are binary-coded according to the Amplitude Shifting Keying Method.
4. A mechanically and electronically coded lock, comprising:
a lock cylinder, main electronics associated with the lock cylinder, a mechanically coded key having a key head accommodating a first coupling element in communication with subelectronics including programmable electronic coding, a non-metallic lock interface module configured to enclose a defined length of the lock cylinder, the lock interface module including a key detection switch, an electrically energizable blocking system and a second coupling element in communication with the main electronics, the first and second coupling elements being mutually arranged so that the coupling elements confront each other when the key is inserted in the lock cylinder, whereby energy and data are transferred contactlessly via the coupling elements between the main electronics and the subelectronics.
a lock cylinder, main electronics associated with the lock cylinder, a mechanically coded key having a key head accommodating a first coupling element in communication with subelectronics including programmable electronic coding, a non-metallic lock interface module configured to enclose a defined length of the lock cylinder, the lock interface module including a key detection switch, an electrically energizable blocking system and a second coupling element in communication with the main electronics, the first and second coupling elements being mutually arranged so that the coupling elements confront each other when the key is inserted in the lock cylinder, whereby energy and data are transferred contactlessly via the coupling elements between the main electronics and the subelectronics.
5. A lock as defined in claim 4 further comprising:
a serial electronic memory and an n-way plug for electronically coding the key, and encapsulation means for encapsulating the memory and the plug in the key head, whereby the memory and the plug are not accessible without destruction.
a serial electronic memory and an n-way plug for electronically coding the key, and encapsulation means for encapsulating the memory and the plug in the key head, whereby the memory and the plug are not accessible without destruction.
6. A process for the contactless transfer of energy and data between current-powered main electronics and energy consuming subelectronics, said process comprising the steps of:
transmitting energy pulses of a predetermined length from the main electronics to the subelectronics transmitting a reset acknowledgment signal from the subelectronics to the main electronics, and, upon receipt of the reset acknowledgement signal by the main electronics, alternatingly transferring energy pulses of a variable length and data pulses between the main electronics and the subelectronics, the length of the energy pulses transferred from the main electronics to the subelectronics being varied so that the amount of energy transferred from the main electronics is adapted to the amount of energy required by the subelectronics.
transmitting energy pulses of a predetermined length from the main electronics to the subelectronics transmitting a reset acknowledgment signal from the subelectronics to the main electronics, and, upon receipt of the reset acknowledgement signal by the main electronics, alternatingly transferring energy pulses of a variable length and data pulses between the main electronics and the subelectronics, the length of the energy pulses transferred from the main electronics to the subelectronics being varied so that the amount of energy transferred from the main electronics is adapted to the amount of energy required by the subelectronics.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3714195.3 | 1987-04-29 | ||
| DE19873714195 DE3714195A1 (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1987-04-29 | METHOD FOR CONTACTLESS ENERGY AND DATA TRANSFER, AND MECHANICAL AND ELECTRONICALLY CODED LOCK |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1308484C true CA1308484C (en) | 1992-10-06 |
Family
ID=6326460
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000565168A Expired - Fee Related CA1308484C (en) | 1987-04-29 | 1988-04-26 | Process for contactless energy and data transfer, as well as mechanically and electronically coded lock |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0288791B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS63283439A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE97188T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1308484C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3714195A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK234788A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2046227T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI83125C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO881802L (en) |
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| DE3922556C3 (en) * | 1989-07-08 | 1994-09-15 | Gabriele Manner | Arrangement for contactless energy and sensor signal transmission |
| DE4007453A1 (en) * | 1990-03-09 | 1991-09-12 | Telefunken Electronic Gmbh | DEVICE FOR MONITORING OBJECTS |
| DE4018814A1 (en) * | 1990-06-12 | 1992-01-02 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR TRANSMITTING ENERGY AND DATA |
| ATE135835T1 (en) * | 1990-07-16 | 1996-04-15 | Siemens Ag | DEVICE FOR CONTACTLESS DATA AND ENERGY TRANSMISSION AND USE OF SUCH |
| JPH0768805B2 (en) * | 1990-08-10 | 1995-07-26 | 日和田電子株式会社 | Electronic key device |
| DE9012505U1 (en) * | 1990-08-31 | 1991-06-27 | Siemens AG, 80333 München | Electronic door locking device |
| JPH0797120B2 (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1995-10-18 | 山武ハネウエル株式会社 | Batteryless electronic device |
| DE4038970A1 (en) * | 1990-12-06 | 1992-06-11 | Schlafhorst & Co W | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR BIDIRECTIONAL DATA TRANSMISSION BETWEEN A TEXTILE MACHINE AND A TEXTILE PRODUCT |
| GB9100336D0 (en) * | 1991-01-08 | 1991-02-20 | Chubb Lips Nederland Bv | Locks |
| DE4107311C2 (en) * | 1991-03-07 | 1996-02-08 | Telefunken Microelectron | Method for the wireless transmission of data on a data carrier |
| GB9105835D0 (en) * | 1991-03-19 | 1991-05-01 | Yale Security Prod Ltd | Cylinder locks |
| FR2677396B1 (en) * | 1991-06-10 | 1995-09-29 | Ferco Int Usine Ferrures | SELF-BACKED INTERACTIVE ELECTRONIC LOCK. |
| DE4129373C2 (en) * | 1991-09-04 | 1995-05-18 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Device for register adjustment on a plate cylinder of a printing press |
| DE4207160C1 (en) * | 1992-03-06 | 1993-02-11 | Aug. Winkhaus Gmbh & Co Kg, 4404 Telgte, De | |
| DE4207161A1 (en) * | 1992-03-06 | 1993-09-09 | Winkhaus Fa August | ELECTRONIC LOCKING CYLINDER |
| JP3344593B2 (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 2002-11-11 | 株式会社ソニー木原研究所 | Wireless power supply |
| DE4329315C1 (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 1994-12-08 | Siemens Ag | System for the contactless transmission of data or energy |
| FR2711716B1 (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-12-15 | Setics | Electronic key locking device. |
| DE4422081C2 (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1996-07-18 | Telefunken Microelectron | Locking system with a key module |
| FR2721648B1 (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 1996-08-23 | Alain Surzur | Motorized lock with automatic and manual closing and opening by double step control. |
| DE4440250B4 (en) * | 1994-11-10 | 2006-12-21 | WTW Wissenschaftlich-Technische Werkstätten GmbH & Co. KG | measured value acquisition |
| DE69633165T2 (en) * | 1995-11-16 | 2005-08-11 | Kabushiki Kaisha Tokai-Rika-Denki-Seisakusho, Niwa | Transmitting and receiving system |
| DE19705301C1 (en) * | 1997-02-13 | 1998-10-01 | V W B Gmbh | Device for contactless information and energy transmission |
| JP3430877B2 (en) * | 1997-09-16 | 2003-07-28 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Terminal device and power supply device |
| FR2782402B1 (en) * | 1998-08-13 | 2001-01-26 | France Telecom | ACCESS CONTROL DEVICE BETWEEN AN ELECTRONIC KEY AND LOCK |
| GB9824378D0 (en) * | 1998-11-07 | 1998-12-30 | Hammersley David G | Improvements in or relating to key operated switches |
| JP4007932B2 (en) * | 2002-03-19 | 2007-11-14 | 株式会社タキオン | Microwave power transmission method, microwave power receiving apparatus and ID tag system |
| DE10240671A1 (en) | 2002-09-04 | 2004-03-18 | Christian Bauer Gmbh + Co | Combustion engine knocking sensor has a piezo-resistive amorphous carbon, or DLC, layer as a sensor element, which provides an electrical signal that is evaluated to detect knocking |
| DE10246671B4 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2009-05-14 | Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg | Contactless energy transfer |
| NL1022525C2 (en) * | 2003-01-30 | 2004-08-03 | Integrated Residential Systems | Power supply device for electric lock, includes sensor for sending information relating to lock component on movable wing to microcontroller |
| DE10329123B3 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-09-16 | Christian Bauer Gmbh + Co | Clutch, especially vehicle gearbox lamella clutch, has sensor for determining spring device output force, device for transferring measurement value for displacement force source control/regulation |
| KR200364451Y1 (en) * | 2004-07-15 | 2004-10-16 | (주)유니맥스 인터내셔널 | Power supply for digital-doorlock using wireless power transmission |
| DE102004039557A1 (en) * | 2004-08-13 | 2006-02-23 | Siemens Ag | Vending machine, in particular parking ticket machine |
| EP1854219A4 (en) * | 2005-02-24 | 2011-12-21 | Powercast Corp | Method, apparatus and system for power transmitssion |
| WO2008034022A2 (en) | 2006-09-14 | 2008-03-20 | The Knox Company | Electronic lock and key assembly |
| DE102006051900A1 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-08 | Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg | Device for determining and / or monitoring at least one process variable |
| EP2393181B1 (en) | 2010-06-02 | 2019-09-04 | FRIWO Gerätebau GmbH | Circuit for a system for a contactless, inductive energy transfer |
| EP2741435A1 (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fibre-optic Enclosure |
| US9041510B2 (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2015-05-26 | Knox Associates, Inc. | Capacitive data transfer in an electronic lock and key assembly |
| USD881677S1 (en) | 2017-04-27 | 2020-04-21 | Knox Associates, Inc. | Electronic key |
| CN109138627A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-01-04 | 芜湖市越泽机器人科技有限公司 | Intelligent door lock system |
| DE102018131573A1 (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2020-06-10 | Preh Gmbh | Operating device |
| CN109629927A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-04-16 | 力帆实业(集团)股份有限公司 | Anti-theft electric motor car battery pack mechanism |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4364043A (en) * | 1979-05-30 | 1982-12-14 | The University Of Adelaide | Efficient object identification system |
| DE3149789C1 (en) * | 1981-12-16 | 1983-08-25 | Angewandte Digital Elektronik Gmbh, 2051 Brunstorf | Device for inductive identification of an information item |
| FI841986A (en) * | 1984-05-17 | 1985-11-18 | Waertsilae Oy Ab | LAOSNINGSSYSTEM. |
| DE3500353A1 (en) * | 1985-01-08 | 1986-07-10 | BKS GmbH, 5620 Velbert | MECHANICAL AND NON-MECHANICALLY CODED KEY AND LOCK TO BE OPERATED BY IT |
| DE3501482A1 (en) * | 1985-01-18 | 1986-07-24 | Egon 5352 Zülpich Gelhard | DEVICE FOR CONTACTLESS COUPLING OF THE CONTROL AND POWER CURRENTS BETWEEN THE ELECTRONICS ON THE LOCKING CYLINDER AND THE ELECTRONICS IN THE KEY WITH AN ELECTRONIC / MECHANICAL LOCKING DEVICE |
| US4797541A (en) * | 1986-04-14 | 1989-01-10 | American Telephone and Telegraph Company--AT&T Information Systems | Power regulator for a contactless credit card system |
-
1987
- 1987-04-29 DE DE19873714195 patent/DE3714195A1/en active Granted
-
1988
- 1988-04-07 DE DE88105511T patent/DE3885498D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-04-07 ES ES198888105511T patent/ES2046227T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-04-07 EP EP88105511A patent/EP0288791B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-04-07 AT AT88105511T patent/ATE97188T1/en active
- 1988-04-25 NO NO881802A patent/NO881802L/en unknown
- 1988-04-26 CA CA000565168A patent/CA1308484C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-04-27 FI FI881982A patent/FI83125C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-04-28 DK DK234788A patent/DK234788A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-04-29 JP JP63107471A patent/JPS63283439A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0288791A3 (en) | 1989-11-23 |
| EP0288791A2 (en) | 1988-11-02 |
| FI881982A (en) | 1988-10-30 |
| EP0288791B1 (en) | 1993-11-10 |
| DE3885498D1 (en) | 1993-12-16 |
| JPS63283439A (en) | 1988-11-21 |
| FI881982A0 (en) | 1988-04-27 |
| ES2046227T3 (en) | 1994-02-01 |
| ATE97188T1 (en) | 1993-11-15 |
| DE3714195A1 (en) | 1988-11-10 |
| DK234788A (en) | 1988-10-30 |
| DE3714195C2 (en) | 1989-09-07 |
| FI83125B (en) | 1991-02-15 |
| NO881802L (en) | 1988-10-31 |
| DK234788D0 (en) | 1988-04-28 |
| NO881802D0 (en) | 1988-04-25 |
| FI83125C (en) | 1991-05-27 |
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