CA1249038A - Surface treatment process for workpiece - Google Patents
Surface treatment process for workpieceInfo
- Publication number
- CA1249038A CA1249038A CA000463029A CA463029A CA1249038A CA 1249038 A CA1249038 A CA 1249038A CA 000463029 A CA000463029 A CA 000463029A CA 463029 A CA463029 A CA 463029A CA 1249038 A CA1249038 A CA 1249038A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- additive agent
- workpiece
- metallic material
- plasma
- molten
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
- C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/327—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C comprising refractory compounds, e.g. carbides
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention relates to a surface treat-ment process for a workpiece of the type wherein a workpiece made of a desired metallic material such as cast iron, alumi-nium alloy or the like, and having formed at its surface a remelting treatment layer by a process such in which there is generated on the surface of the workpiece a molten por-tion by a plasma arc and the molten portion is then solidi-fied by cooling, characterized in that an additive agent com-prising powder of metallic material different in kind from the metallic material of the workpiece or of any other kind of material is introduced, along with the plasma arc, into the molten portion to be forcibly mixed therein.
The present invention relates to a surface treat-ment process for a workpiece of the type wherein a workpiece made of a desired metallic material such as cast iron, alumi-nium alloy or the like, and having formed at its surface a remelting treatment layer by a process such in which there is generated on the surface of the workpiece a molten por-tion by a plasma arc and the molten portion is then solidi-fied by cooling, characterized in that an additive agent com-prising powder of metallic material different in kind from the metallic material of the workpiece or of any other kind of material is introduced, along with the plasma arc, into the molten portion to be forcibly mixed therein.
Description
3~
This invention relates to a surface treatment pro- -cess which is applied to a workpiece such as a valve cam for an engine, for instance, for giving high abrasion or wear-resistant properties to a slide surface thereof.
As for a process of this kind, there has been hiterto known one in which a workpiece made of a metalli.c material such as cast iron or the like is formed a-t its sur-face with a remelting treatment layer by a process in which there is generated on the surface a molten portion by a plasma arc~and the remelted portion is then solidified by cooling. According to this process, the remelting treatment layer is only a hardened layer of chilled structure obtained by increasing the cooling speed at the time of solidifica-tion of the molten portion by cooling, for instance, and therefore is defective in that, in the case of the applica-tion of this process to a valve cam, for instance, it is not always easy to give it sufficiently large wear-resistant properties.
As for a workpiece having at its slide surface wear-resi.stant and bite-resistant properties, there has been hitherto known one that is manufactured by a powder metall-urgy process, in which a material metallic powder, as a mother material, and a sulfide powder are mixed together, and the resultant mixture is molded under pressure and sin-tered or one that is manufactured by a casting process in which a molten metal is added with a sulfide powder, and the resultant mixture is agitated and cast. These processes, however, are disadvantageous in terms of cost, because the sulfide, which is comparatively expensive is also mixed in unnecessary portion of the product. Additionally, the sulfide is kept at a high temperature for a comparatively long time, during the sintering step in the powder metallurgy process 31~
ancl during the time for:m the charging step to the sol.idi.-fyin~ step in the c~sting pro~ess, so that the particles thereof are decomposed and the remaining amount thereof becomes very small, and thus it is difficult to obtai.n a product having suffi.cien-tly large wear-resistant and bite-resistant properties.
The invent-ion provides a surEace treatment process by wh.ich -the foregoing defects are rernoved and there is obtained a surface treatmen-t layer which has i.mproved such properties.
According to the present invention there is pro-vided a surface treatment process for a workpi.ece made of a metallic material comprising: (a) moving a plasma torch along the surface of the~workpiece a-t a uniform speed, whereby a portion of said surface is melted by the plasma arc genera-ted by the plasma torch and -the molten surface is agitated turbulently by the plasma gas jet from the plasma -torch, the flow rate of said plasma gas being a-t leasc 0.5 ~ rl~e~ e ~
l/rninute; (b)Aconveying into an upstream portion of the plasma arc a stream of powdered addi-tive agent carried in an inert gas, whereby the powdered additive agent is first hea-ted by the plasma arc and then is forcibly introduced by the action of the plasma gas jet into the molten surface of the workpiece wherein it is dispersed and mixed uniformly to give a uniform melted mixture of metallic material and additi.ve agent, said additive agent consisting of a material which is different from the metallic material of the work-piece; and (c) allowing the uniform melted mixture of metallic material and addi.tive agent to solidify as a result of the cooling action of the surrounding cold mass of metal-lic ma-terial, whereby a surface with improved mechanical properties is obtained.
The present invention also provides a workpiece ,~ ~~ 2 -31~
/
made of a metallLc mate.~ial, characteri~ed i.n that its surface contains a metal, me-tal alloy or non-me-tal, which is no-t p.resent in the bulk of the workpiece.
In this case, -the addi-tive agent is powder of at least one kind selected from metals such as Ni, Cr, Mo or the like, alloys the~eof, carbides such as WC, SiC, Mo2C, Cr3C2, B4C or the like, borides such as BN, TiB or the like, sulfides such as MoS2, WS2, FeS or the like and oxides such 23~ sio2 or the like~?~fC~ c~,f~
~ 2a -This invention process will be explained more in details with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-F~ig. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing one ex-ample of an apparatus for carrying out the process of the invention;
Figs. 2-6 are explanatory diagrams showing res-pective steps of the process;
Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship bet-ween the ratio % by volume of Cr sulfide and the abrasion loss; and Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship bet~
ween the ratio % by volume of an iron sulfide and the abrasion loss.
Referring to the drawings, numeral 1 denotes a workpiece such as a valve cam or the like made of a metallic material such as cast iron, aluminium alloy or the like, and numeral 2 denotes a plasma torch facing the same. As shown clearly in Fig. 1, the torch 2 is provided at its center with an electrode 3, and around the electrode 3 with a nozzle 5 through an operation gas passage 4, and also around the nozzle S with a shield cap 7 through a shield gas pass-age 6, and the nozzle 5 is provided at its forward end por-tion thereof a plasma gas passage 8 which is in communica tion with the operation gas passage 4, and the nozzle 5 is also provided at the interior space thereof with a cooling water passage 9. Thus, a plasma gas jet is blown against the workpiece 1 through the plasma gas passage 8, and at the same time a plasma arc 10 is generated therethrough between the workpiece 1 and the electrode 3 to be applied ~o the workpiece 1, and thereby a molten portion 11 is ~ormed on ':
3~
the surface of the workpiece 1. Thus, if -the torch 2 is caused to scan along the workpiece 1, the mol-ten portion 11 is formed continuously and extended along on the scanning line and the extended molten portion is gradually solidified by cooling from the starting end thereof, so that there is produced a remelting treatment layer. This process is not especially different from a conventional one.
Powder of a material different in kind from -the metallic material of the workpiece 1 is prepared as an addi-tive agent 12 for the process, and is introduced, alon~ with the plasma arc 10, into the molten portion 11 so as to be ~orcibly mixed in the molten portion. As for a means therefor, as shown clearly in ~ig. 1, for instance~ a mixing tube 13 made of ceramics, for instance, is so provided on the torch
This invention relates to a surface treatment pro- -cess which is applied to a workpiece such as a valve cam for an engine, for instance, for giving high abrasion or wear-resistant properties to a slide surface thereof.
As for a process of this kind, there has been hiterto known one in which a workpiece made of a metalli.c material such as cast iron or the like is formed a-t its sur-face with a remelting treatment layer by a process in which there is generated on the surface a molten portion by a plasma arc~and the remelted portion is then solidified by cooling. According to this process, the remelting treatment layer is only a hardened layer of chilled structure obtained by increasing the cooling speed at the time of solidifica-tion of the molten portion by cooling, for instance, and therefore is defective in that, in the case of the applica-tion of this process to a valve cam, for instance, it is not always easy to give it sufficiently large wear-resistant properties.
As for a workpiece having at its slide surface wear-resi.stant and bite-resistant properties, there has been hitherto known one that is manufactured by a powder metall-urgy process, in which a material metallic powder, as a mother material, and a sulfide powder are mixed together, and the resultant mixture is molded under pressure and sin-tered or one that is manufactured by a casting process in which a molten metal is added with a sulfide powder, and the resultant mixture is agitated and cast. These processes, however, are disadvantageous in terms of cost, because the sulfide, which is comparatively expensive is also mixed in unnecessary portion of the product. Additionally, the sulfide is kept at a high temperature for a comparatively long time, during the sintering step in the powder metallurgy process 31~
ancl during the time for:m the charging step to the sol.idi.-fyin~ step in the c~sting pro~ess, so that the particles thereof are decomposed and the remaining amount thereof becomes very small, and thus it is difficult to obtai.n a product having suffi.cien-tly large wear-resistant and bite-resistant properties.
The invent-ion provides a surEace treatment process by wh.ich -the foregoing defects are rernoved and there is obtained a surface treatmen-t layer which has i.mproved such properties.
According to the present invention there is pro-vided a surface treatment process for a workpi.ece made of a metallic material comprising: (a) moving a plasma torch along the surface of the~workpiece a-t a uniform speed, whereby a portion of said surface is melted by the plasma arc genera-ted by the plasma torch and -the molten surface is agitated turbulently by the plasma gas jet from the plasma -torch, the flow rate of said plasma gas being a-t leasc 0.5 ~ rl~e~ e ~
l/rninute; (b)Aconveying into an upstream portion of the plasma arc a stream of powdered addi-tive agent carried in an inert gas, whereby the powdered additive agent is first hea-ted by the plasma arc and then is forcibly introduced by the action of the plasma gas jet into the molten surface of the workpiece wherein it is dispersed and mixed uniformly to give a uniform melted mixture of metallic material and additi.ve agent, said additive agent consisting of a material which is different from the metallic material of the work-piece; and (c) allowing the uniform melted mixture of metallic material and addi.tive agent to solidify as a result of the cooling action of the surrounding cold mass of metal-lic ma-terial, whereby a surface with improved mechanical properties is obtained.
The present invention also provides a workpiece ,~ ~~ 2 -31~
/
made of a metallLc mate.~ial, characteri~ed i.n that its surface contains a metal, me-tal alloy or non-me-tal, which is no-t p.resent in the bulk of the workpiece.
In this case, -the addi-tive agent is powder of at least one kind selected from metals such as Ni, Cr, Mo or the like, alloys the~eof, carbides such as WC, SiC, Mo2C, Cr3C2, B4C or the like, borides such as BN, TiB or the like, sulfides such as MoS2, WS2, FeS or the like and oxides such 23~ sio2 or the like~?~fC~ c~,f~
~ 2a -This invention process will be explained more in details with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-F~ig. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing one ex-ample of an apparatus for carrying out the process of the invention;
Figs. 2-6 are explanatory diagrams showing res-pective steps of the process;
Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship bet-ween the ratio % by volume of Cr sulfide and the abrasion loss; and Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship bet~
ween the ratio % by volume of an iron sulfide and the abrasion loss.
Referring to the drawings, numeral 1 denotes a workpiece such as a valve cam or the like made of a metallic material such as cast iron, aluminium alloy or the like, and numeral 2 denotes a plasma torch facing the same. As shown clearly in Fig. 1, the torch 2 is provided at its center with an electrode 3, and around the electrode 3 with a nozzle 5 through an operation gas passage 4, and also around the nozzle S with a shield cap 7 through a shield gas pass-age 6, and the nozzle 5 is provided at its forward end por-tion thereof a plasma gas passage 8 which is in communica tion with the operation gas passage 4, and the nozzle 5 is also provided at the interior space thereof with a cooling water passage 9. Thus, a plasma gas jet is blown against the workpiece 1 through the plasma gas passage 8, and at the same time a plasma arc 10 is generated therethrough between the workpiece 1 and the electrode 3 to be applied ~o the workpiece 1, and thereby a molten portion 11 is ~ormed on ':
3~
the surface of the workpiece 1. Thus, if -the torch 2 is caused to scan along the workpiece 1, the mol-ten portion 11 is formed continuously and extended along on the scanning line and the extended molten portion is gradually solidified by cooling from the starting end thereof, so that there is produced a remelting treatment layer. This process is not especially different from a conventional one.
Powder of a material different in kind from -the metallic material of the workpiece 1 is prepared as an addi-tive agent 12 for the process, and is introduced, alon~ with the plasma arc 10, into the molten portion 11 so as to be ~orcibly mixed in the molten portion. As for a means therefor, as shown clearly in ~ig. 1, for instance~ a mixing tube 13 made of ceramics, for instance, is so provided on the torch
2 as to project at its forward end toward the foregoing plasma arc 10, and the foregoing additive agent 12 is conveved by an argon gas, for instance, -through the interior of the mixing tube 13 so as to be supplied into the arc 1OJ ~hus, the additive agent 12 is introduced, along with the arc 10, into the remelted portion 11 for being mixed therein.
More in detail~ the flowing speed of the plasma jet at the plasma torch 2 is 20 m/sec., the flowing speed of the shield gas at the outer periphery thereof is 0.33 m/sec., and the conveying speed of the powder is 7 m/sec., for instance, which is above 1.5 -
More in detail~ the flowing speed of the plasma jet at the plasma torch 2 is 20 m/sec., the flowing speed of the shield gas at the outer periphery thereof is 0.33 m/sec., and the conveying speed of the powder is 7 m/sec., for instance, which is above 1.5 -
3 times the flowing speed of the shield gas. ~hus, the powder may so overwhelm the shield gas flow as to be introduced into the plasma jet.
Respective op0ration modes of thi~ invention process are as shown in Figs. 2 - 6. Namely, in the first place, there is generated the plasma arc 10, as shown in ~igs~ 2 and 3, between the plasma torch 2 and the workpiece 1 and thereby there is created on the surface of the workpiece 1 a molten portion 11, as shown in ~ig. 3. On the other hand, the additive agent 12 is conveyed by the argon gas, for instance, through the interior of the mixing tube 13, and thereby~ as shown in ~ig. 4, the additive agent 12 is introduced into the plasma arc 10 on an upstream side thereof and is accelerated in speed by the arc 10, and is introduced, along with the arc 10, into the remelted ~J~ ~ 3~
portion 11 ~or being violently mixed therein.
At this time, the plasma -torch 2 is scar~ed in one side direc-tion thereof and thereby, as shown in ~ig~ 5, the molten portion 11 is continuously elongated in the sca~ning direction, and is solidi~ied the from/starting end portion thereof in ~equence by being rapidly cooled by a large cold mass inherent to the remainder portion of the work-piece 1. ~hus, there is produced the remelting treatment layer lla.
During this operation, every part of the elongated molten portion 11 is agitated violently and be flown turbulently by the arc and accord-ingly powders of the additive agent 12 contained therein are dispersed substantially uniformly in the molten portion by the foregoing agita-tion action, and the resultant remelting tea-tment layer lla is obtained with such a state that the additive agent 12 is substantia:Lly uniform-ly dispersed in the solidified layer as shown in ~ig. 6, for instance, so that the remelting treatment layer has an improved property corres-ponding to the additive agent 12, for instance, a wear-resisting property.
~ he gas flowing rate of the plasma jet at the plasma arc 10 is smaller than that in the case of a usual plasma melting and is, for instance, 0.3 - 3.0 ~/min., and at this time the conveying speed of the additive agent 12 is 0~5 m/sec., for instance, and the electric current and the voltage of the arc 10 are 30 - 200 A and 20 - 30 V, for instance, and tbe powder of the additive agent 12 is usually below 200 micron in size and is preferably below 100 micron~
Wben powders of the additive agent 12 are mixed in the mol-ten portion 11, the same are dispersed in its original powder form, or at least some of thereof are molten by heat to make an alloy or a , .~
~ 3 compound in the remelted portion 11.
Embodyin~ Exam~le 1 ~ he apparatus shown in ~ig. 1 is used, and the workpiece 1 made of a FC30 Ohkoshi type abrasion test piece is treated as follows:-Under the condition that the plasma electric current is 50 A9the plasma gas flowing rate is 0.8 ~/min., and the plasma torch scanning speed is 0.5 m/min., the resultant molten portion is formed on the whole surface thereof~ and Cr powders used as the additive agent 12 are mixed therein. The Cr powders are in the range of 5 100 micron in particle diameter, and the supply rate thereof is 0.2 g/min.
~ hus, the molten layer is formed have tbe depth of 1.8 mm from the surface, and is solidified to become a chilled structure by a rapid cooling and thus there is produced a remelting treatment layer containing the Cr powders dispersed nearly uniformly in the whole region thereof in a contact ratio of about 1.2% by volume.
The resultant product is represented by A, and a product having a simple remelting treatment layer is represented by B~ An abrasion test is carried out in respect of each thereof to obtain the ~ollow-irg results.
Cr v/O ~pecific abrasion a~ount _ _ _ _ __ A 2 8 6 x 1o~8 mm /kg B _ _ _ _ _ A rotor used in t~e test is one prepared by such a process that a raw material of SCM 420 is sub~ected to a carburizin~ treatment and $i~
then is applied with a hard chrome plating of 80 micron in thick-ness, The abrasion speed is 1.36 m/sec., the final load is 3.1 kg~
and the abrasion distance is 200 m.
Embod~ing Example 2 ~ he apparatus shown in ~ig. 1 is used1 and the workpiece 1 made of a S50C Ohkoshi type abrasion test piece is treated as follows:-~ he whole surface of the test piece is treated under thecondition that the plasma electric current is 100 A, the plasma gas flowing rate is 0.8 ~/min.~ and the plasma torch scanning speed îs 0.5 m/min., and resultant molten portion is added with Mo2C powders as the additive agent 12. ~he powders are in the range o:E 2 - 30 micron in size, and the conveying rate thereof is 0.6 g/min. ~he resultantm~lten layer is formed to have the depth of 1.2 mm from the surface, and is solidified into one having a martensite structure. Thus, there is produced a remelting treatment layer containing the powders of Mo dispersed substantially unifromly in the whole region thereof in a content ratio of about 3.6% by volume.
The resultant product is represented by C, and a product having a simple remelt treatment layer is represented by D. An abrasion test is carried out in respect of each thereof to obtain the following results.
Mo V/o I Specific abrasion amount _ . _ C5~2 ¦ 7~8 x 10 7 mm2/kg . , D O ¦ 8.5 x 10 6mm2/kg . _. ~ _~
~ 3 Embodying Example 3 The apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is used, and the workpiece 1 made o~ a Ni-10~u alloy Ohkoshi type abrasion test piece is treated as follows -The whole surface thereof is scanned by the plasma torchunder the condition that t~e plasma electric current is 100 A, the plasma gas flowing rate is 0.8 ~/minv and the plasma torch scanning speed is 0.5 m/min., and TiB powders as the additive agent 12 are mixed in the molten portion. ~be supply rate there-of is 0.4 g/min. ~he resultant molten layer is formed to have the depth of 1.0 mm9 and is solidified to become a remelting treatment layer containing the TiB powders dispersed substantially uniformly in the whole region thereof in a contant ratio of about 2.6 % by volume.
The resultant product is represented by E, and a product composed only of the remelt treatment layer is represented by ~, An abrasion test is carried out to obtain the following results.
, , , ~
_ Ti~ / Speclflc abrasion amount E 2.6 4,0 x 10 6 mm2/kg _ , . " --~ __ Embod ing Example 4 The apparatus shown in ~ig~ 1 is used, and the workpiece 1 made of a ~C30 Ohkoshi type abrasion test piece is treated as follows:-~ he whole surface thereof is treated under the conditionthat the plasma electric current is 50 A, the plasma gas flowing rate ls 0.8 Q/min. and the plasma torch scanning speed is 0.5 m/min., .3~3 and ~eS powders as the additive agent 12 are mixed in the resultant molten layer. The powders are 5 - ~0 micron in size, and are 0.3 g/min., in conveying rate. The molten layer is formed to have the depth of 1.6 mm, and is solidified hy cooling into a remelting treatment layer of chilled structure. The added FeS particles and the resultant (FeMn)S particles generated by a reaction between part of the FeS powders and a comp-onént Mn of the mother material in the contained in such a state that those particles are dispersed nearly uniformly in the whole region thereof in a content ratio of about 20% b~ volume.
~he resultant product is represented by G, and a product hav- ;
ing a simple remelt treatment layer is represented by H. An abra-sion test is carried out in respect of each thereof to obtain the following results.
~eMn)~ ~o Specific abrasion amount G 2.0 6.9 x 10 8 mm /kg _. _ __ H O 2.2 x 10 7 mm2/kg l ~ _ _ . ~ . _~
Embodyin~ ~Xa~le 5 ~ he apparatus shown in ~ig. 1 is used, and the workpiece 1 made of an Al alloy AC2~ Ohkoshi type abrasion test piece is treat-~d as follows:-~ he whole surface thereof is treated under the condition thatthe plasma electric current is 100 A, the plasma gas flowing rate is 0~8 ~/min., and the plasma torch scanning speed is 0.8 m/min,, and the resu~tant molten layer is mixed with A1203 powders as the .. . . .. ... .... . . .
~ 3~
additive agent 12. The powders are 0.5 - 10 micron in size, and 0.6 g/minO in conveying rate. The remelting treatment layer solidified by cooling thereof is fo~med to have the depth of 0.8 mm, and contains the A1203 powders, substantially uniformly dispersed state in the whole region of the solidified layer in a content ratio of about 6.0% by volume~
The resultant product is represented by I, and a product hav-ing a simple remelt treatment layer is represented by J An abrasion test is carried out in respct of them to obtain the following results.
IA120~o ¦ Specific abrasion amount I ¦ 6.0 8.3 x 10 6 mm /kg J 6.2 x 10 5 mm2/kg As will be clear from each of the ~oregoing embodying examples, the workpiece 1 in each example is extremely improved in its abrasion resisting property by the additive agent mixed therein.
~mbod in~, ~xam~le 6 _ _ _ _ ~ he apparatus shown in ~ig. 1 is used, and the workpiece 1 for a stator made of a FC30 Ohkoshi type abrasion test piece is treated as described below. ~amely, a slide surface thereof is treated under the condition that the plasma arc electric current is 80 A, the plasma gas flow rate is 0.8 ~ /min.j and the plasma torch scanning speed is 0.3 m/min., and the molten portion 11 thereof is added with Cr2S powders of 2 - 10 micron in si3e by being conveyed at a ra-tio 3 thus of 1.2 g/min. by an Ar gas. ~he resultant molten layer/formed has the deptb of 1.2 mm from the surface thereof, and after solidifica-tion thereof there is formed a remelting treatment layer containing .
~l$~3~3 such a dispersed particles of a mixture of a Cr series sulfide comprising (CrFe)2$3, ~CrFeMn)2S3, ~CrFe)3S4, (CrFeMn)3S~ gene-rated by the reaction of the added Cr2S3 with Fe of the mother material Fe and an alloying element Mn thereof. This Cr sulfide mixture is 7.5% in volume ratio, and those particle sizes thereof are about 1-8 micron. In this process, the molten portion 11 is rapidly solidified, by the cold mass of the remaining portion of the motor metallic material into a chilled structure of ledebur-ite deposi-tion, in which (CrFe)2S3, (CrFe)3S4, (CrFeMn)2S3 and (CrFeMn)3S4 are dispersed therein.
The resultant product is subjected to a grinding treat-ment at its slide surface to obtain a test piece K. For compari-son purpose, there is made a product having a simple remelting treatment layer of chilled structure not added with the Cr2S3 powders.
This product is subjected to a grinding treatment at its slide surface to obtain a test piece L. In almost the same manner as in the embodying Example 1, an abrasion test is carried out in respect of each thereof to obtain the following results.
~ . ~
Disperse~ material con~aining ratio Speciflc aDra-_ % ~ ~ v~ ume _ io~ ~ ;
Kv ~r sulfide ~ 7.~ _ ~
l _ 2 2x~10_ mm /~kg Embodyinq Example 7 The apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is used, and the work-piece 1 made of a carbon steel of ~e and C (0.50%). Namely, a slide surface thereof is molten under the condition that the plasma arc current is 80 A, the plasma arc AR gas flowing rate ,, .
, `~
is 1 ~/min., and the plasma torch zigzag scanning speed ls 0.3 m/minO, and the molten portion 11 thereof is supplied with a mixture of 50 weight % of Cr3C2 powders of 2 - 10 micron and 50 weight % of MoS2 powders of 5 - 60 micron at a supply rate of 0.1 g/min. by the Ar gas. As a result of solidification thereof there is formed such a remelting treatment layer that, particles of chrome sulfides compris-ing Cr2S3 and Cr3S4 produced by the reaction between the components of the mixture powders are uniformly distributed in t~e molten layer 11 having the depth of 1.4 mm from the surface thereof. ~be chrome sulfides are about o~5o/o by volume in containing ratio and about 1 - 9 micron in particle siYIe. ~he resultant product is subjected to a grinding treatment at its slide surface to be used as a test piece M.
~or comparison purpose, a product having a simple remelting treatment layer is prepared to be used as a test piece N. In almost the same manner as in the embodying example 1, an abrasion test is carried out in respect of eac~ thereof to obtain the following resul~s.
~est piece Dispersed Containing Speclflc abrasion amount material by ~olume . _ _ _ ___ M Cr sulfide 0.5 % 3.6 x 10 6 mm2/kg . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ N _____ --- 8.5 x 10 6 mm2/kg .
8mbod in ~ - ~
~ be apparatus shown in ~ig. 1 is used, and the workpiece 1 which is a cam lift portion of a cam shaft made of ~C30 for being built in an engine for a motorcar is subjected to such a remelting treatment as described below. Namely, the surface thereof is treated 3~
under the condition that the plasma arc electric current is 60 A, the plasma arc Ar gas flow rate is 0.5 Q/min., and the torch sca~ning speed is 1 m/min~, and ~ powàers oI 2 ~ 10 micron in size as the additive agent 12 are supplied to the molten layer 11 a-t a supply rate of 0.6 g/min. ~hus, after solidification thereof, there is formed a remelting treatment layer, that is, a chilled hardened layer of 1.8 mm in thickness containing therein various kinds of Cr sulfides such as (CrFe~2S3, (Cr~eMn)2S3, (Cr~e)3S~ and (Cr~eMn)3S4 which are uniformly dispersed therein. The Cr sulfides are 2.2% by v31ume in containing ratio and are 1 - 8 micron in particle size, and the hardened layer thereof is HRC 58 in hardness.
~ he resultant cam shaft is subjected, at its cam surface, to a grinding treatment to obtain a test piece O used for a service test, that is, an operational ~uitability test. On the other hand, a cam shaft of the same material as above is subjected to a remelting treatment which is under the same condition as above, but is not added with any additive agent, to obtain a cam shaft test member P.
~he hardened layer thereof is 1.9 mm in thickness and is HRC 51 in hardness.
Service test condi_ion ~ ngine speed 1,000 r.p.m. Oil temperature 65C
~ est time 200 hours As a result of the tests, the abrasion loss amount of the cam top of the test member O is 10 micron in depth, while the abrasion loss amount of the cam top of the test member P is 120 micron in depth.
~f~ 3~3 ~ he apparatus shown in Fig~ 1 is used, and the workpiece 1 which is a valve rocker arm made of ~CM420 for being built in an engine for a motorcar is applied at its slipper surface with such a remelting treatment as described below. Namely, the slipper surface portion thereof is treated under the condition that the plasma arc current is 45 h, the plasma arc Ar gas flowing rate is o.5 R~min., the troch scanning speed is 0.8 m/min., and the supply rate of Cr2S3~powders of 2 - 10 micron in size is O.L~ g/min., where-by a molten portion is formed on the slipper surface and is added with the powders. As a result of dolidifying the molten portion, there is obtained such a remelting treatment layer, tha-t is~ a cbilled hardened layer containing evenly dispersed particles of Cr sulfides comprising a mixture of (CrFe~2S3, (Cr~eMn)2S~, (Cr~e)3S~
and (CrFeMn)~S4 generated by reaction of the additive Cr2S3 with the main component ~e and a partisl component Mn of the mother material. ~he hardened layer lS 1 . O mm in thickness and the Cr sulfides thereof contained therein are 3.4% by volume . The product is subjected to a carburizing treatment and is then subjected to a grinding treatment to obtain a test piece Q. On the other hand, the slipper surface of a valve rocker arm of the same materiaI as above is not subjected to a -simple remelting treatment but is subjected to only a carburizing treatment to obtain a test piece R.
A service test is carried out in respect of each of these two test pieces under the condition as listed below. As a result thereof, it has been found that the abrasion loss amount in depth of the s}ipper surface of the test piece Q is 3 micron, and that of the slipper surface of the test piece is 50 micron.
3~3 Test Condition:
Engine speed 1,000 r.p.m. Oil temper2ture 65C
Test operation time 2~0 hours EmbodYin~ Exam~le 10 ~ he apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is used, and the workpiece 1 which is a stator made of a ~CD55 Ohkoshi type abrasion test piece is subjected to such a remelting treatment as described below.
Namely~ a slide surface thereof is treated under the condition that the plasma arc electric current is 80 A, the plasma arc Ar gas flow rate is ~ /min. and the troch scanning speed is 0.3 m/min. The molten layer thus formed is supplied with the additive agent of ~eS
powders of 5 - 40 micron in size at a supply rate of 1.5 gjmin.
conveyed by an Ar gas. ~he molten layer is 1.2 mm in thickness.
During this operation, some of the FeS powders added reacts with the main component ~e and an Mn component of the mother material and o generate (~eMn)S, and as a result o~ solidification thereof, there hardened is produced a remelting treatment layer, that is, a/layer containing uniformly distributed particles of iron sulfides comprising a mi*ture of FeS and (~eMn)S. The distributed particles are 1 - 9 in particle size, and is 15% by volume in containing ratio. The resultant product is subjected to a grinding treatment at its slide surface to obtain a test piece S. ~or comparison purpose, the work-piece 1 of the same material as above is subjected to a simple remelting treatment under the same condition as above, without addition of any additi~e agent~to obtain a test piece ~. An abrasion test is carried out i~ the same ma~ner as in the embodying example 1, in respect of each of the two test pieces S, ~, to obtain the following results.
~est ~isperseà I Con~aining I Spe~ci~ic a~~rasion amount plece sulfide ~ ratlio /o by ~ _ _ _ _ S FeS and ¦ 15% 14 . 5 x 10 8 mm2/kg (~eMn)S l l 2.2 x 10-7 m~2/~g Embodying Example 11 ~ he apparatus shown ain ~ig. 1 is used, and the workpiece 1 which is a stator made of/S50C abrasion test piece is subjected to the remelting treatment as described below. Namel~, a slide surface thereof is treated under the condition that the plasma arc electric current is 80 A, the plasma arc Ar gas flowing rate is 1 ~ /min., and the troch zigzag scanning speed is 0.3 m/min. ~he resultant molten layer of the depth of 1.4 mm is supplied with MoS powders of 10 -40 micron in size at such a supply rate of 0.15 g/min. conveyed by an Ar gas. Consequently, there is obtained a hardened layer contain-ing uniformly dispersed particles of ~eS and (~eMn)S generated by reaction of the additive MoS with the components ~e and Mn o~ the mother material. ~he resultant particles are about 1 - 7 micron in size, and are about 0.8% by volume in content ratio.
~ he resultant product is applied at its slide surface with a grinding treatment to obtain a test piece U. ~or comparison purpose, the workpiece 1 of the same material as above is subjected to a simple remelting treatment u~der the same condition as above~ but without addition of any additive agent, to obtain a test piece V.
~ he same abrasion test as above is carried out in respect of these test pieces to obtain the following results.
_17-~3~
_ _ ~ -- I ~r ~ - ~ 1 est Dispersed Contalnlng S?eclllc abraslon amoun~
iece sulfide ratio % by Vo __ I ~
UFeS and o 8 o/O ! 4.2 x lo-6 mm2/kg (FeMn)S
_ _ _; -V _ _ ~ 8.5 x 10-6 mm2/Xg _ Embod~ln~ Example 12 ~ he apparatus shown in ~igo 1 is used, and the workpiece 1 which is a cam lift portion of a cam shaft of FC30 for being built in an engine for a motorcar is subjected to the remelti~g treat-ment as described below. Namely, the surface of the cam lift por-tion is moltened under the condition that the plasma arc electric current is 60 A, the plasma arc Ar gas flowing rate is 0.5~ /min., and the torch scanning speed is 1 m/min. ~he additive agent of WS2 powders of 2 - 10 micron in size is supplied to the molten portion at a supply rate of 0.6 g/min. conveyed by gas. ~he resultant molten layer is 1.8 mm in depth and is solidified. Consequently, there is formed a hardened layer containing uniformly dispersed particles of Fe~ and (~eMn)~ generated by reaction of the additive WS2 with composition elements ~e, Mn of the mother material. The dispersed particles are about 1 - 10 micron in size, and are 2.8 %
'Dy volume in content ratio. ~he hardened layer is HRC5~ in hard-ness. ~his cam shaft is subjected to a grinding treatment to obtain a test piece W. A cam shaft of the same material as above is subjected to a simple remelting treatment to obtain a test piece X.
The hardened layer thereof is HRC51 in hardness. A serving test is made in respect of each of these test pieces, under t~e condition that the engine speed is 1,000 r.p.m., the oil tempera~ure is 65C, and the rest operation ! imP ~ s 2~0 hours. As a resulv tnereof, the abrasion loss amount Or the vest piece U is 30 micron in depth, and that of the test piece V is 12G micron in dep-th.
~mbod~in~ Exam~le 13 ~ .
~ he apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is used, and the workpiece 1 which is a valve rocker arm made of SCM420 for being built in an engine for a motorcar is subjected, at its slipper surface, to the remelting treatment as described below. Namely, the slipper surface is applied with the remelting treatment under the condition that the plasma arc current is 45 A, the plasma arc Ar gas flowing rate is 0.5 R/min., and the plasma torch scanning speed is 0~8 m/min. ~he additive agent of powders FeS is conveyed by an Ar gas and is supplied to the resultant remelted portion at a supplying rate of 0~4 g/min. After solidifica-tion thereof there is produced a hardened layer containing dispersed particle (Fe~n)S, generated by reaction of some of the added ~eS
powders with a component Mn of the mother material, and the added ~eS particles. ~he particles FeS, and (FeMn)S are about 1 - 8 micron in size~ and are about 3.2% by volume in content ratioO ~he workpiece 1 thus treated is then subjected to a caburizing treat-ment for being further improved in hardness of the slipper surface thereof~ ~he hardened layer is about 1.2 mm in thickness, and has such a wear-resisting structure layer that the foregoin~ sulfides are mixed in the caburized hardened layer. ~he product is applied at -ts surface with a grinding treatment to obtain a test piece W.
~or comparison,the workpiece 1 of the same material as above is applied with a simple remelting treatment, and is then formed into 3~1 that having a wear-resisting structure layer by the same carburizing treatment as above to obtain a test piece X~ In respect of each of 'hese test pieces W, X, a service test is carried out under the condi-tion that the engine speed is 1~000 r.p.m., the oil temperature is 65C, and the test operation time is 200 hours~ As a result thereof,it has been found that the test piece W is 10 micron in depth in abrasion loss amount and the test piece X is 50 micron in depth in abrasion loss amount.
As will be clear from the foregoing embodying examples 1 - 13, if any of various kinds of additives such as of Cr, Mo? TiB, A1203, ~eS and other sulfides or the like is mi~ed in the molten layer of the workpiece to be treated, the resultant remelting treatment layer is improved in its wear-resisting property as compared with that not added therewith. Especially~ a Cr series sulfide, in comparison with other sulfides, is advantageous in that the same is so high in stability at a high temperature that it is not decomposed, even at a temperature of above l,000C to result in producing a very stable slide surface and, in addition, serves as a lubricant.
~ he additive powder to be used is usually below 200 micron in particle diameter and is preferably below 100 micron. ~nen the powder particles are added in the molten layer formed on the surface of the workpiece to be treated, the same is changed into liquid are applied particles ard at the same time~ in this liquid state, with the current of the plasma arc, so that the molten layer is agitated ~`
violently and at the same time the liquid particles contained therein are finely divided by such a turbulent flow of molten metal and the finely divided particles are solidified by cooling action of ~ 3~3 the cold mass of the mother metallic material. Accordingly, there is obtained such a surface trea-tment layer that the finely divided solid particles thereof a~e dispersed in the solidified metallic layer. lt is preferable that the dispersed particles contained in the solidified layer are in the range of about; 1 - 20 micron in diameter, and an internal stress concentration ratio is decreased thereby, so that the product is excellent in pitching-resisting property~ bite-resisting property, and other properties, and in addition the lubrication effect of the sulfide can be easily given uniformly on the slide surface thereof. Additionallyj if a fric-tion movement t~ereof is repeated during operation of the product, the particles content therein are expanded, and thereby a coating of the sulfide of from several ten to several handred A in thick-ness is liable to be formed on the surface thereof.
According to this invention, the remelting treatment time is usually only about 1 second or below, so that it is advantageous in that there is not caused a substantial loss of the additive amount caused by a thermal decomposition thereof.
Fig. 7 shows a result of examination of relations between a content ratio of a Cr sulfide and an abrasion loss amount of a product, in respect of a cam shaft made of ~C30 for a motorcar engineO As will be clear therefrom, an effect for improving an abrasion or wear reslsting property is exerted from above nearly 0.2% by volume and is remarkable by addition of a small amount thereof. However, if the addition amount thereof is above about 12% by volume, the product tends to be lowered in its thoughness, and more addition thereof becomes expensive. Therefore, 3 ~
from the viewpoint of economy, it is preferable to limlt the addition amount thereo~ to about 12% at the maximum.
Fig. 8 shows a result of examination of relations between a content ratio of an iron sulfide (F~ + (~eMn)S) and an abrasion loss amount of a product, in respect of a cam shaft of ~C30 for a motorcar engine. In this case, the ef~ect of the sulfide is exerted when the addition thereof is above 0.5%. However, even if the addition amo~nt thereof is increased, to more than about 20%, more improvement is not made, so that it is preferable from an ecconomincal viewpoint that the addition thereof is limited to about 20% at the maximum.
Thus, according to this invention, during the time when a workpiece is being moltened at its surface by a plasma arc, powders of any kind of material other than the material of the workpiece are introduced, along with the arc, into the resultant molten portion for being mixed therein, so that the powders can be dispersedly contained in the molten portion layer, and after solidification thereof there can be obtained a remelting treatment layer which has been improved in wear-resisting property.
Therefore, when this invention process is applied to a slide surface of a valve cam for an engine, for instance, there can be produced one having an excellent wear-resisting property, and the operation thereof is comparatively simple, and in addtion, the additive powders are not subjected to the heat for a long time.
so that there hardly occurs a thermal decomposition loss of efficient distributed particles.
Respective op0ration modes of thi~ invention process are as shown in Figs. 2 - 6. Namely, in the first place, there is generated the plasma arc 10, as shown in ~igs~ 2 and 3, between the plasma torch 2 and the workpiece 1 and thereby there is created on the surface of the workpiece 1 a molten portion 11, as shown in ~ig. 3. On the other hand, the additive agent 12 is conveyed by the argon gas, for instance, through the interior of the mixing tube 13, and thereby~ as shown in ~ig. 4, the additive agent 12 is introduced into the plasma arc 10 on an upstream side thereof and is accelerated in speed by the arc 10, and is introduced, along with the arc 10, into the remelted ~J~ ~ 3~
portion 11 ~or being violently mixed therein.
At this time, the plasma -torch 2 is scar~ed in one side direc-tion thereof and thereby, as shown in ~ig~ 5, the molten portion 11 is continuously elongated in the sca~ning direction, and is solidi~ied the from/starting end portion thereof in ~equence by being rapidly cooled by a large cold mass inherent to the remainder portion of the work-piece 1. ~hus, there is produced the remelting treatment layer lla.
During this operation, every part of the elongated molten portion 11 is agitated violently and be flown turbulently by the arc and accord-ingly powders of the additive agent 12 contained therein are dispersed substantially uniformly in the molten portion by the foregoing agita-tion action, and the resultant remelting tea-tment layer lla is obtained with such a state that the additive agent 12 is substantia:Lly uniform-ly dispersed in the solidified layer as shown in ~ig. 6, for instance, so that the remelting treatment layer has an improved property corres-ponding to the additive agent 12, for instance, a wear-resisting property.
~ he gas flowing rate of the plasma jet at the plasma arc 10 is smaller than that in the case of a usual plasma melting and is, for instance, 0.3 - 3.0 ~/min., and at this time the conveying speed of the additive agent 12 is 0~5 m/sec., for instance, and the electric current and the voltage of the arc 10 are 30 - 200 A and 20 - 30 V, for instance, and tbe powder of the additive agent 12 is usually below 200 micron in size and is preferably below 100 micron~
Wben powders of the additive agent 12 are mixed in the mol-ten portion 11, the same are dispersed in its original powder form, or at least some of thereof are molten by heat to make an alloy or a , .~
~ 3 compound in the remelted portion 11.
Embodyin~ Exam~le 1 ~ he apparatus shown in ~ig. 1 is used, and the workpiece 1 made of a FC30 Ohkoshi type abrasion test piece is treated as follows:-Under the condition that the plasma electric current is 50 A9the plasma gas flowing rate is 0.8 ~/min., and the plasma torch scanning speed is 0.5 m/min., the resultant molten portion is formed on the whole surface thereof~ and Cr powders used as the additive agent 12 are mixed therein. The Cr powders are in the range of 5 100 micron in particle diameter, and the supply rate thereof is 0.2 g/min.
~ hus, the molten layer is formed have tbe depth of 1.8 mm from the surface, and is solidified to become a chilled structure by a rapid cooling and thus there is produced a remelting treatment layer containing the Cr powders dispersed nearly uniformly in the whole region thereof in a contact ratio of about 1.2% by volume.
The resultant product is represented by A, and a product having a simple remelting treatment layer is represented by B~ An abrasion test is carried out in respect of each thereof to obtain the ~ollow-irg results.
Cr v/O ~pecific abrasion a~ount _ _ _ _ __ A 2 8 6 x 1o~8 mm /kg B _ _ _ _ _ A rotor used in t~e test is one prepared by such a process that a raw material of SCM 420 is sub~ected to a carburizin~ treatment and $i~
then is applied with a hard chrome plating of 80 micron in thick-ness, The abrasion speed is 1.36 m/sec., the final load is 3.1 kg~
and the abrasion distance is 200 m.
Embod~ing Example 2 ~ he apparatus shown in ~ig. 1 is used1 and the workpiece 1 made of a S50C Ohkoshi type abrasion test piece is treated as follows:-~ he whole surface of the test piece is treated under thecondition that the plasma electric current is 100 A, the plasma gas flowing rate is 0.8 ~/min.~ and the plasma torch scanning speed îs 0.5 m/min., and resultant molten portion is added with Mo2C powders as the additive agent 12. ~he powders are in the range o:E 2 - 30 micron in size, and the conveying rate thereof is 0.6 g/min. ~he resultantm~lten layer is formed to have the depth of 1.2 mm from the surface, and is solidified into one having a martensite structure. Thus, there is produced a remelting treatment layer containing the powders of Mo dispersed substantially unifromly in the whole region thereof in a content ratio of about 3.6% by volume.
The resultant product is represented by C, and a product having a simple remelt treatment layer is represented by D. An abrasion test is carried out in respect of each thereof to obtain the following results.
Mo V/o I Specific abrasion amount _ . _ C5~2 ¦ 7~8 x 10 7 mm2/kg . , D O ¦ 8.5 x 10 6mm2/kg . _. ~ _~
~ 3 Embodying Example 3 The apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is used, and the workpiece 1 made o~ a Ni-10~u alloy Ohkoshi type abrasion test piece is treated as follows -The whole surface thereof is scanned by the plasma torchunder the condition that t~e plasma electric current is 100 A, the plasma gas flowing rate is 0.8 ~/minv and the plasma torch scanning speed is 0.5 m/min., and TiB powders as the additive agent 12 are mixed in the molten portion. ~be supply rate there-of is 0.4 g/min. ~he resultant molten layer is formed to have the depth of 1.0 mm9 and is solidified to become a remelting treatment layer containing the TiB powders dispersed substantially uniformly in the whole region thereof in a contant ratio of about 2.6 % by volume.
The resultant product is represented by E, and a product composed only of the remelt treatment layer is represented by ~, An abrasion test is carried out to obtain the following results.
, , , ~
_ Ti~ / Speclflc abrasion amount E 2.6 4,0 x 10 6 mm2/kg _ , . " --~ __ Embod ing Example 4 The apparatus shown in ~ig~ 1 is used, and the workpiece 1 made of a ~C30 Ohkoshi type abrasion test piece is treated as follows:-~ he whole surface thereof is treated under the conditionthat the plasma electric current is 50 A, the plasma gas flowing rate ls 0.8 Q/min. and the plasma torch scanning speed is 0.5 m/min., .3~3 and ~eS powders as the additive agent 12 are mixed in the resultant molten layer. The powders are 5 - ~0 micron in size, and are 0.3 g/min., in conveying rate. The molten layer is formed to have the depth of 1.6 mm, and is solidified hy cooling into a remelting treatment layer of chilled structure. The added FeS particles and the resultant (FeMn)S particles generated by a reaction between part of the FeS powders and a comp-onént Mn of the mother material in the contained in such a state that those particles are dispersed nearly uniformly in the whole region thereof in a content ratio of about 20% b~ volume.
~he resultant product is represented by G, and a product hav- ;
ing a simple remelt treatment layer is represented by H. An abra-sion test is carried out in respect of each thereof to obtain the following results.
~eMn)~ ~o Specific abrasion amount G 2.0 6.9 x 10 8 mm /kg _. _ __ H O 2.2 x 10 7 mm2/kg l ~ _ _ . ~ . _~
Embodyin~ ~Xa~le 5 ~ he apparatus shown in ~ig. 1 is used, and the workpiece 1 made of an Al alloy AC2~ Ohkoshi type abrasion test piece is treat-~d as follows:-~ he whole surface thereof is treated under the condition thatthe plasma electric current is 100 A, the plasma gas flowing rate is 0~8 ~/min., and the plasma torch scanning speed is 0.8 m/min,, and the resu~tant molten layer is mixed with A1203 powders as the .. . . .. ... .... . . .
~ 3~
additive agent 12. The powders are 0.5 - 10 micron in size, and 0.6 g/minO in conveying rate. The remelting treatment layer solidified by cooling thereof is fo~med to have the depth of 0.8 mm, and contains the A1203 powders, substantially uniformly dispersed state in the whole region of the solidified layer in a content ratio of about 6.0% by volume~
The resultant product is represented by I, and a product hav-ing a simple remelt treatment layer is represented by J An abrasion test is carried out in respct of them to obtain the following results.
IA120~o ¦ Specific abrasion amount I ¦ 6.0 8.3 x 10 6 mm /kg J 6.2 x 10 5 mm2/kg As will be clear from each of the ~oregoing embodying examples, the workpiece 1 in each example is extremely improved in its abrasion resisting property by the additive agent mixed therein.
~mbod in~, ~xam~le 6 _ _ _ _ ~ he apparatus shown in ~ig. 1 is used, and the workpiece 1 for a stator made of a FC30 Ohkoshi type abrasion test piece is treated as described below. ~amely, a slide surface thereof is treated under the condition that the plasma arc electric current is 80 A, the plasma gas flow rate is 0.8 ~ /min.j and the plasma torch scanning speed is 0.3 m/min., and the molten portion 11 thereof is added with Cr2S powders of 2 - 10 micron in si3e by being conveyed at a ra-tio 3 thus of 1.2 g/min. by an Ar gas. ~he resultant molten layer/formed has the deptb of 1.2 mm from the surface thereof, and after solidifica-tion thereof there is formed a remelting treatment layer containing .
~l$~3~3 such a dispersed particles of a mixture of a Cr series sulfide comprising (CrFe)2$3, ~CrFeMn)2S3, ~CrFe)3S4, (CrFeMn)3S~ gene-rated by the reaction of the added Cr2S3 with Fe of the mother material Fe and an alloying element Mn thereof. This Cr sulfide mixture is 7.5% in volume ratio, and those particle sizes thereof are about 1-8 micron. In this process, the molten portion 11 is rapidly solidified, by the cold mass of the remaining portion of the motor metallic material into a chilled structure of ledebur-ite deposi-tion, in which (CrFe)2S3, (CrFe)3S4, (CrFeMn)2S3 and (CrFeMn)3S4 are dispersed therein.
The resultant product is subjected to a grinding treat-ment at its slide surface to obtain a test piece K. For compari-son purpose, there is made a product having a simple remelting treatment layer of chilled structure not added with the Cr2S3 powders.
This product is subjected to a grinding treatment at its slide surface to obtain a test piece L. In almost the same manner as in the embodying Example 1, an abrasion test is carried out in respect of each thereof to obtain the following results.
~ . ~
Disperse~ material con~aining ratio Speciflc aDra-_ % ~ ~ v~ ume _ io~ ~ ;
Kv ~r sulfide ~ 7.~ _ ~
l _ 2 2x~10_ mm /~kg Embodyinq Example 7 The apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is used, and the work-piece 1 made of a carbon steel of ~e and C (0.50%). Namely, a slide surface thereof is molten under the condition that the plasma arc current is 80 A, the plasma arc AR gas flowing rate ,, .
, `~
is 1 ~/min., and the plasma torch zigzag scanning speed ls 0.3 m/minO, and the molten portion 11 thereof is supplied with a mixture of 50 weight % of Cr3C2 powders of 2 - 10 micron and 50 weight % of MoS2 powders of 5 - 60 micron at a supply rate of 0.1 g/min. by the Ar gas. As a result of solidification thereof there is formed such a remelting treatment layer that, particles of chrome sulfides compris-ing Cr2S3 and Cr3S4 produced by the reaction between the components of the mixture powders are uniformly distributed in t~e molten layer 11 having the depth of 1.4 mm from the surface thereof. ~be chrome sulfides are about o~5o/o by volume in containing ratio and about 1 - 9 micron in particle siYIe. ~he resultant product is subjected to a grinding treatment at its slide surface to be used as a test piece M.
~or comparison purpose, a product having a simple remelting treatment layer is prepared to be used as a test piece N. In almost the same manner as in the embodying example 1, an abrasion test is carried out in respect of eac~ thereof to obtain the following resul~s.
~est piece Dispersed Containing Speclflc abrasion amount material by ~olume . _ _ _ ___ M Cr sulfide 0.5 % 3.6 x 10 6 mm2/kg . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ N _____ --- 8.5 x 10 6 mm2/kg .
8mbod in ~ - ~
~ be apparatus shown in ~ig. 1 is used, and the workpiece 1 which is a cam lift portion of a cam shaft made of ~C30 for being built in an engine for a motorcar is subjected to such a remelting treatment as described below. Namely, the surface thereof is treated 3~
under the condition that the plasma arc electric current is 60 A, the plasma arc Ar gas flow rate is 0.5 Q/min., and the torch sca~ning speed is 1 m/min~, and ~ powàers oI 2 ~ 10 micron in size as the additive agent 12 are supplied to the molten layer 11 a-t a supply rate of 0.6 g/min. ~hus, after solidification thereof, there is formed a remelting treatment layer, that is, a chilled hardened layer of 1.8 mm in thickness containing therein various kinds of Cr sulfides such as (CrFe~2S3, (Cr~eMn)2S3, (Cr~e)3S~ and (Cr~eMn)3S4 which are uniformly dispersed therein. The Cr sulfides are 2.2% by v31ume in containing ratio and are 1 - 8 micron in particle size, and the hardened layer thereof is HRC 58 in hardness.
~ he resultant cam shaft is subjected, at its cam surface, to a grinding treatment to obtain a test piece O used for a service test, that is, an operational ~uitability test. On the other hand, a cam shaft of the same material as above is subjected to a remelting treatment which is under the same condition as above, but is not added with any additive agent, to obtain a cam shaft test member P.
~he hardened layer thereof is 1.9 mm in thickness and is HRC 51 in hardness.
Service test condi_ion ~ ngine speed 1,000 r.p.m. Oil temperature 65C
~ est time 200 hours As a result of the tests, the abrasion loss amount of the cam top of the test member O is 10 micron in depth, while the abrasion loss amount of the cam top of the test member P is 120 micron in depth.
~f~ 3~3 ~ he apparatus shown in Fig~ 1 is used, and the workpiece 1 which is a valve rocker arm made of ~CM420 for being built in an engine for a motorcar is applied at its slipper surface with such a remelting treatment as described below. Namely, the slipper surface portion thereof is treated under the condition that the plasma arc current is 45 h, the plasma arc Ar gas flowing rate is o.5 R~min., the troch scanning speed is 0.8 m/min., and the supply rate of Cr2S3~powders of 2 - 10 micron in size is O.L~ g/min., where-by a molten portion is formed on the slipper surface and is added with the powders. As a result of dolidifying the molten portion, there is obtained such a remelting treatment layer, tha-t is~ a cbilled hardened layer containing evenly dispersed particles of Cr sulfides comprising a mixture of (CrFe~2S3, (Cr~eMn)2S~, (Cr~e)3S~
and (CrFeMn)~S4 generated by reaction of the additive Cr2S3 with the main component ~e and a partisl component Mn of the mother material. ~he hardened layer lS 1 . O mm in thickness and the Cr sulfides thereof contained therein are 3.4% by volume . The product is subjected to a carburizing treatment and is then subjected to a grinding treatment to obtain a test piece Q. On the other hand, the slipper surface of a valve rocker arm of the same materiaI as above is not subjected to a -simple remelting treatment but is subjected to only a carburizing treatment to obtain a test piece R.
A service test is carried out in respect of each of these two test pieces under the condition as listed below. As a result thereof, it has been found that the abrasion loss amount in depth of the s}ipper surface of the test piece Q is 3 micron, and that of the slipper surface of the test piece is 50 micron.
3~3 Test Condition:
Engine speed 1,000 r.p.m. Oil temper2ture 65C
Test operation time 2~0 hours EmbodYin~ Exam~le 10 ~ he apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is used, and the workpiece 1 which is a stator made of a ~CD55 Ohkoshi type abrasion test piece is subjected to such a remelting treatment as described below.
Namely~ a slide surface thereof is treated under the condition that the plasma arc electric current is 80 A, the plasma arc Ar gas flow rate is ~ /min. and the troch scanning speed is 0.3 m/min. The molten layer thus formed is supplied with the additive agent of ~eS
powders of 5 - 40 micron in size at a supply rate of 1.5 gjmin.
conveyed by an Ar gas. ~he molten layer is 1.2 mm in thickness.
During this operation, some of the FeS powders added reacts with the main component ~e and an Mn component of the mother material and o generate (~eMn)S, and as a result o~ solidification thereof, there hardened is produced a remelting treatment layer, that is, a/layer containing uniformly distributed particles of iron sulfides comprising a mi*ture of FeS and (~eMn)S. The distributed particles are 1 - 9 in particle size, and is 15% by volume in containing ratio. The resultant product is subjected to a grinding treatment at its slide surface to obtain a test piece S. ~or comparison purpose, the work-piece 1 of the same material as above is subjected to a simple remelting treatment under the same condition as above, without addition of any additi~e agent~to obtain a test piece ~. An abrasion test is carried out i~ the same ma~ner as in the embodying example 1, in respect of each of the two test pieces S, ~, to obtain the following results.
~est ~isperseà I Con~aining I Spe~ci~ic a~~rasion amount plece sulfide ~ ratlio /o by ~ _ _ _ _ S FeS and ¦ 15% 14 . 5 x 10 8 mm2/kg (~eMn)S l l 2.2 x 10-7 m~2/~g Embodying Example 11 ~ he apparatus shown ain ~ig. 1 is used, and the workpiece 1 which is a stator made of/S50C abrasion test piece is subjected to the remelting treatment as described below. Namel~, a slide surface thereof is treated under the condition that the plasma arc electric current is 80 A, the plasma arc Ar gas flowing rate is 1 ~ /min., and the troch zigzag scanning speed is 0.3 m/min. ~he resultant molten layer of the depth of 1.4 mm is supplied with MoS powders of 10 -40 micron in size at such a supply rate of 0.15 g/min. conveyed by an Ar gas. Consequently, there is obtained a hardened layer contain-ing uniformly dispersed particles of ~eS and (~eMn)S generated by reaction of the additive MoS with the components ~e and Mn o~ the mother material. ~he resultant particles are about 1 - 7 micron in size, and are about 0.8% by volume in content ratio.
~ he resultant product is applied at its slide surface with a grinding treatment to obtain a test piece U. ~or comparison purpose, the workpiece 1 of the same material as above is subjected to a simple remelting treatment u~der the same condition as above~ but without addition of any additive agent, to obtain a test piece V.
~ he same abrasion test as above is carried out in respect of these test pieces to obtain the following results.
_17-~3~
_ _ ~ -- I ~r ~ - ~ 1 est Dispersed Contalnlng S?eclllc abraslon amoun~
iece sulfide ratio % by Vo __ I ~
UFeS and o 8 o/O ! 4.2 x lo-6 mm2/kg (FeMn)S
_ _ _; -V _ _ ~ 8.5 x 10-6 mm2/Xg _ Embod~ln~ Example 12 ~ he apparatus shown in ~igo 1 is used, and the workpiece 1 which is a cam lift portion of a cam shaft of FC30 for being built in an engine for a motorcar is subjected to the remelti~g treat-ment as described below. Namely, the surface of the cam lift por-tion is moltened under the condition that the plasma arc electric current is 60 A, the plasma arc Ar gas flowing rate is 0.5~ /min., and the torch scanning speed is 1 m/min. ~he additive agent of WS2 powders of 2 - 10 micron in size is supplied to the molten portion at a supply rate of 0.6 g/min. conveyed by gas. ~he resultant molten layer is 1.8 mm in depth and is solidified. Consequently, there is formed a hardened layer containing uniformly dispersed particles of Fe~ and (~eMn)~ generated by reaction of the additive WS2 with composition elements ~e, Mn of the mother material. The dispersed particles are about 1 - 10 micron in size, and are 2.8 %
'Dy volume in content ratio. ~he hardened layer is HRC5~ in hard-ness. ~his cam shaft is subjected to a grinding treatment to obtain a test piece W. A cam shaft of the same material as above is subjected to a simple remelting treatment to obtain a test piece X.
The hardened layer thereof is HRC51 in hardness. A serving test is made in respect of each of these test pieces, under t~e condition that the engine speed is 1,000 r.p.m., the oil tempera~ure is 65C, and the rest operation ! imP ~ s 2~0 hours. As a resulv tnereof, the abrasion loss amount Or the vest piece U is 30 micron in depth, and that of the test piece V is 12G micron in dep-th.
~mbod~in~ Exam~le 13 ~ .
~ he apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is used, and the workpiece 1 which is a valve rocker arm made of SCM420 for being built in an engine for a motorcar is subjected, at its slipper surface, to the remelting treatment as described below. Namely, the slipper surface is applied with the remelting treatment under the condition that the plasma arc current is 45 A, the plasma arc Ar gas flowing rate is 0.5 R/min., and the plasma torch scanning speed is 0~8 m/min. ~he additive agent of powders FeS is conveyed by an Ar gas and is supplied to the resultant remelted portion at a supplying rate of 0~4 g/min. After solidifica-tion thereof there is produced a hardened layer containing dispersed particle (Fe~n)S, generated by reaction of some of the added ~eS
powders with a component Mn of the mother material, and the added ~eS particles. ~he particles FeS, and (FeMn)S are about 1 - 8 micron in size~ and are about 3.2% by volume in content ratioO ~he workpiece 1 thus treated is then subjected to a caburizing treat-ment for being further improved in hardness of the slipper surface thereof~ ~he hardened layer is about 1.2 mm in thickness, and has such a wear-resisting structure layer that the foregoin~ sulfides are mixed in the caburized hardened layer. ~he product is applied at -ts surface with a grinding treatment to obtain a test piece W.
~or comparison,the workpiece 1 of the same material as above is applied with a simple remelting treatment, and is then formed into 3~1 that having a wear-resisting structure layer by the same carburizing treatment as above to obtain a test piece X~ In respect of each of 'hese test pieces W, X, a service test is carried out under the condi-tion that the engine speed is 1~000 r.p.m., the oil temperature is 65C, and the test operation time is 200 hours~ As a result thereof,it has been found that the test piece W is 10 micron in depth in abrasion loss amount and the test piece X is 50 micron in depth in abrasion loss amount.
As will be clear from the foregoing embodying examples 1 - 13, if any of various kinds of additives such as of Cr, Mo? TiB, A1203, ~eS and other sulfides or the like is mi~ed in the molten layer of the workpiece to be treated, the resultant remelting treatment layer is improved in its wear-resisting property as compared with that not added therewith. Especially~ a Cr series sulfide, in comparison with other sulfides, is advantageous in that the same is so high in stability at a high temperature that it is not decomposed, even at a temperature of above l,000C to result in producing a very stable slide surface and, in addition, serves as a lubricant.
~ he additive powder to be used is usually below 200 micron in particle diameter and is preferably below 100 micron. ~nen the powder particles are added in the molten layer formed on the surface of the workpiece to be treated, the same is changed into liquid are applied particles ard at the same time~ in this liquid state, with the current of the plasma arc, so that the molten layer is agitated ~`
violently and at the same time the liquid particles contained therein are finely divided by such a turbulent flow of molten metal and the finely divided particles are solidified by cooling action of ~ 3~3 the cold mass of the mother metallic material. Accordingly, there is obtained such a surface trea-tment layer that the finely divided solid particles thereof a~e dispersed in the solidified metallic layer. lt is preferable that the dispersed particles contained in the solidified layer are in the range of about; 1 - 20 micron in diameter, and an internal stress concentration ratio is decreased thereby, so that the product is excellent in pitching-resisting property~ bite-resisting property, and other properties, and in addition the lubrication effect of the sulfide can be easily given uniformly on the slide surface thereof. Additionallyj if a fric-tion movement t~ereof is repeated during operation of the product, the particles content therein are expanded, and thereby a coating of the sulfide of from several ten to several handred A in thick-ness is liable to be formed on the surface thereof.
According to this invention, the remelting treatment time is usually only about 1 second or below, so that it is advantageous in that there is not caused a substantial loss of the additive amount caused by a thermal decomposition thereof.
Fig. 7 shows a result of examination of relations between a content ratio of a Cr sulfide and an abrasion loss amount of a product, in respect of a cam shaft made of ~C30 for a motorcar engineO As will be clear therefrom, an effect for improving an abrasion or wear reslsting property is exerted from above nearly 0.2% by volume and is remarkable by addition of a small amount thereof. However, if the addition amount thereof is above about 12% by volume, the product tends to be lowered in its thoughness, and more addition thereof becomes expensive. Therefore, 3 ~
from the viewpoint of economy, it is preferable to limlt the addition amount thereo~ to about 12% at the maximum.
Fig. 8 shows a result of examination of relations between a content ratio of an iron sulfide (F~ + (~eMn)S) and an abrasion loss amount of a product, in respect of a cam shaft of ~C30 for a motorcar engine. In this case, the ef~ect of the sulfide is exerted when the addition thereof is above 0.5%. However, even if the addition amo~nt thereof is increased, to more than about 20%, more improvement is not made, so that it is preferable from an ecconomincal viewpoint that the addition thereof is limited to about 20% at the maximum.
Thus, according to this invention, during the time when a workpiece is being moltened at its surface by a plasma arc, powders of any kind of material other than the material of the workpiece are introduced, along with the arc, into the resultant molten portion for being mixed therein, so that the powders can be dispersedly contained in the molten portion layer, and after solidification thereof there can be obtained a remelting treatment layer which has been improved in wear-resisting property.
Therefore, when this invention process is applied to a slide surface of a valve cam for an engine, for instance, there can be produced one having an excellent wear-resisting property, and the operation thereof is comparatively simple, and in addtion, the additive powders are not subjected to the heat for a long time.
so that there hardly occurs a thermal decomposition loss of efficient distributed particles.
Claims (20)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A surface treatment process for a workpiece made of a metallic material comprising: (a) moving a plasma torch along the surface of the metal workpiece at a uniform speed, whereby a portion of said surface is melted by a plasma arc generated by the plasma torch and the molten surface is agitated turbulently by the plasma gas jet from the plasma torch, the flow rate of said plasma gas being at least 0.5 1/minute; (b) simultaneously conveying into an upstream portion of the plasma arc a stream of powdered additive agent carried in an inert gas, whereby the pow-dered additive agent is first heated by the plasma arc and then is forcibly introduced by the action of the plasma gas jet into the molten surface of the workpiece wherein it is dispersed and mixed uniformly to give a uniform melted mixture of metallic material and additive agent, said additive agent consisting of a material which is different from the metallic material of the workpiece; and (c) allowing the uniform melted mixture of metal-lic material and additive agent to solidify as a result of the cooling action of the surrounding cold mass of metallic material, whereby a surface with improved mechanical properties is obtained.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the additive agent is a powdered metal.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the additive agent is a metal alloy.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the additive agent is a non-metal.
5. The process of claim 1, wherein the additive agent is a salt.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the additive agent is a carbide.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein the additive agent is a nitride.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein the additive agent is a boride.
9. The process of claim 1 wherein the additive agent is a sulfide.
10. The process of claim 1 wherein the additive agent is an oxide.
11. The process of claim 1 in which the additive agent is occluded within the crystal structure of the re-solidified metallic material.
12. The process of claim 1 wherein the additive agent reacts with one or more of the components of the mol-ten metallic material.
13. The process of claim 1 wherein the additive agent forms an alloy with the components of the metallic material.
14. The process of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the powdered additive agent has a mean particle diameter of less than 200 micrometers.
15. The process of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the powdered additive agent has a mean particle diameter of less than 100 micrometers.
16. The process of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the powdered additive agent has a mean particle diameter of less than about 20 micrometers.
17. The process of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the surface is also carburized.
18. A workpiece made of a metallic material, characterized in that its surface contains between 0.2% and 12%
by volume of a sulfide containing chromium, to a depth of less than 3 millimeters from said surface.
by volume of a sulfide containing chromium, to a depth of less than 3 millimeters from said surface.
19. A workpiece made of a metallic material, charac-terized in that its surface contains between 0.5% and 20% of a sulfide containing iron, to a depth of less than 3 millimeters from said surface.
20. The process of claim 1, further comprising provid-ing a shielding, inert gas around said plasma gas jet.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58168405A JPS6070136A (en) | 1983-09-14 | 1983-09-14 | Surface treatment of work |
| JP168405/1983 | 1983-09-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1249038A true CA1249038A (en) | 1989-01-17 |
Family
ID=15867510
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000463029A Expired CA1249038A (en) | 1983-09-14 | 1984-09-13 | Surface treatment process for workpiece |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6070136A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1249038A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3433698A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2551770B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2148166B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111239102A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-05 | 沈阳德其乐科技有限公司 | Remelting and whitening spectral detection method for surface of grey iron |
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| JPS60187660A (en) * | 1984-02-24 | 1985-09-25 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Partially hardened cast iron member |
| JPS60224790A (en) * | 1984-04-19 | 1985-11-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | Wear resistant al alloy member and its production |
| JPS6213521A (en) * | 1985-07-09 | 1987-01-22 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Wear resistant member and its production |
| JPS6233758A (en) * | 1985-08-05 | 1987-02-13 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for hardening metal surface using plasma gas |
| JPS6293314A (en) * | 1985-10-21 | 1987-04-28 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Wear resistant sliding member |
| JPS6297770A (en) * | 1985-10-22 | 1987-05-07 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Production of tool |
| EP0230959A3 (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1989-07-12 | Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. | Fabrication of atomically alloyed synthetic materials |
| DE3715326A1 (en) * | 1987-05-08 | 1988-11-24 | Castolin Sa | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SELF-SHARPENING CUTTING OR KNIFE EDGE |
| US4854196A (en) * | 1988-05-25 | 1989-08-08 | General Electric Company | Method of forming turbine blades with abradable tips |
| JP2769338B2 (en) * | 1988-11-30 | 1998-06-25 | 昭和アルミニウム株式会社 | Manufacturing method of aluminum alloy material with excellent wear resistance |
| JP2769339B2 (en) * | 1988-11-30 | 1998-06-25 | 昭和アルミニウム株式会社 | Manufacturing method of aluminum alloy material with excellent wear resistance |
| EP0595802B1 (en) * | 1990-03-19 | 1997-07-23 | Duroc Ab | Method for working surfaces on metals |
| DE4102495A1 (en) * | 1991-01-29 | 1992-07-30 | Thyssen Edelstahlwerke Ag | METHOD FOR COATING SUBSTRATES |
| DE4139956C2 (en) * | 1991-12-04 | 2003-04-24 | Opel Adam Ag | Process for the production of wear-resistant boron layers on metallic objects and metal object with a wear-resistant boron layer |
| DE19639480A1 (en) * | 1996-09-26 | 1998-04-02 | Guenter Hackerodt | Process for the internal coating of cylinder treads, in particular aluminum treads |
| DE19643029A1 (en) * | 1996-10-18 | 1998-04-23 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Method for coating an internal combustion engine component made of an aluminum alloy with silicon |
| DE59710348D1 (en) * | 1997-11-06 | 2003-07-31 | Sulzer Markets & Technology Ag | Method for producing a ceramic layer on a metallic base material |
| GB0127033D0 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2002-01-02 | Biocompatibles Ltd | Stent manufacture |
| DE10235813B4 (en) * | 2002-08-05 | 2004-07-22 | Brueninghaus Hydromatik Gmbh | Sliding shoe and method for producing raised contact surfaces of a sliding shoe |
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| DE102013219784A1 (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-02 | Federal-Mogul Friedberg Gmbh | Slip rings with leatherburitic structure on the surface |
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| CN111876717B (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2022-07-08 | 江苏科环新材料有限公司 | High-temperature-resistant, abrasion-resistant and remelting nickel-based composite material coating for fire grate segment of garbage incinerator and preparation method thereof |
| CN113019408B (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2023-06-20 | 河南理工大学 | Preparation method and application of ammonia borane hydrolysis hydrogen production catalyst |
| CN114250466B (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-05-03 | 潍坊学院 | Preparation method of laser cladding coating on titanium alloy surface |
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| FR1481510A (en) * | 1966-05-27 | 1967-05-19 | Union Carbide Corp | Method for depositing metal |
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| DD111589A1 (en) * | 1974-04-17 | 1975-02-20 | ||
| DE2522690C3 (en) * | 1975-05-22 | 1982-03-04 | Goetze Ag, 5093 Burscheid | Plasma deposition welding powder for the production of wear-resistant layers |
| CH593754A5 (en) * | 1976-01-15 | 1977-12-15 | Castolin Sa | |
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| DE2703469C3 (en) * | 1977-01-28 | 1979-11-22 | Audi Nsu Auto Union Ag, 7107 Neckarsulm | Device for hardening the cam surfaces of camshafts for internal combustion engines |
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| JPS555126A (en) * | 1978-06-26 | 1980-01-16 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Surface hardening build-up welding method |
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| US4192984A (en) * | 1978-07-12 | 1980-03-11 | Thermatool Corporation | Embedment of hard particles in a metal surface |
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| JPS55148752A (en) * | 1979-05-11 | 1980-11-19 | Nippon Steel Corp | Formation method of coating on metal surface |
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| US4376793A (en) * | 1981-08-28 | 1983-03-15 | Metallurgical Industries, Inc. | Process for forming a hardfacing surface including particulate refractory metal |
| US4471034A (en) * | 1982-11-16 | 1984-09-11 | Eutectic Corporation | Alloy coating for cast iron parts, such as glass molds |
-
1983
- 1983-09-14 JP JP58168405A patent/JPS6070136A/en active Granted
-
1984
- 1984-09-13 GB GB08423101A patent/GB2148166B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-09-13 CA CA000463029A patent/CA1249038A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-09-13 DE DE19843433698 patent/DE3433698A1/en active Granted
- 1984-09-14 FR FR8414115A patent/FR2551770B1/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111239102A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-05 | 沈阳德其乐科技有限公司 | Remelting and whitening spectral detection method for surface of grey iron |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2551770A1 (en) | 1985-03-15 |
| JPS6070136A (en) | 1985-04-20 |
| FR2551770B1 (en) | 1989-07-21 |
| JPH0353388B2 (en) | 1991-08-14 |
| DE3433698A1 (en) | 1985-04-04 |
| GB2148166B (en) | 1986-12-10 |
| DE3433698C2 (en) | 1987-06-11 |
| GB8423101D0 (en) | 1984-10-17 |
| GB2148166A (en) | 1985-05-30 |
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