CA1241532A - Method of forming a precision ball track - Google Patents
Method of forming a precision ball trackInfo
- Publication number
- CA1241532A CA1241532A CA000468165A CA468165A CA1241532A CA 1241532 A CA1241532 A CA 1241532A CA 000468165 A CA000468165 A CA 000468165A CA 468165 A CA468165 A CA 468165A CA 1241532 A CA1241532 A CA 1241532A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- ball
- groove
- race
- ball race
- track
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P13/00—Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P13/02—Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass in which only the machining operations are important
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
- B21K1/762—Coupling members for conveying mechanical motion, e.g. universal joints
- B21K1/765—Outer elements of coupling members
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
- B24B19/02—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding grooves, e.g. on shafts, in casings, in tubes, homokinetic joint elements
- B24B19/06—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding grooves, e.g. on shafts, in casings, in tubes, homokinetic joint elements for grinding races, e.g. roller races
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
- F16D3/224—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a sphere
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
- B23P2700/11—Joints, e.g. ball joints, universal joints
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
- F16D2003/22309—Details of grooves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2250/00—Manufacturing; Assembly
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
- Bearings For Parts Moving Linearly (AREA)
Abstract
A method for forming a precision ball groove track in a part, especially in an outer race member of a universal joint. The method includes the steps of forming a recess groove in the ball race groove track and finish machinery the ball race groove track to a predetermined precision shape, the recess groove reducing the wear on the finish machining tool used during the finish machining step.
Description
5~
The present invention relates to methods foe formlng precision ball race groove tracks in a part, especially in the outer race member of a unlversal joint.
There are many mechanical parts having ball race groove tracks formed therein for engagement with bearing balls. The ball race groove tracks may be produced by various methods including formation of the ball race groove track with the part when the part is forged or cast, grinding, machining or cold forming the track lnto a rough workpiece, or cold forming or forging an initial roughly proportioned track dur-ing the formation process for the part and subsequently grind-ing or machining the formed ball track into a precision shape.
The last-mentioned methods are the most common when a preci-sion shape for the ball race groove tracks is required since an accurately dimensioned ball race groove is produced without a substantial waste of material. Furthermore, these methods of producing a ball race groove cause less wear on the grind-ing machining tool than is the case when the ball race groove track is ground in a workplece not having an initially formed ball race groove track therein.
Precision ball race groove tracks are required, for example, for universal joints of the type having spherically engaged inner and outer race members coupled to each other by a plurality of bearing balls disposed in ball engaging merid-ian race grooves in the inner and outer race members.
Examples of this type of unlversal joint may be found in U.S.
Patent No. 2,046,584, issued July 7, 1936 to Alfred H. Rzeppa and in U.S. Patent No. 1,665,280, issued April 10, 1928 to the same inventor. A significant advantage of thls type of con-struction for a universal joint is that is has a constant velocity property. That is, the speed of rotation of the shaft interconnected with the inner race member is the same as that of the shaft interconnected with the outer race member, regardless of the relatlve angular posltion between the lnner and outer race members withln a predetermined range of rela-tive angular posltions.
For this reason, this type of universal joint has become popular for use in front wheel drive assemblies for motor vehicles.
The typical constant velocity universal joint of the above-described type, often referred to as Rzeppa joint, requires six precision meridian ball tracks ln a spherical cavity in an outer race member as well as six precision merid-ian ball tracks formed in the outer spherical surface of an inner race member. These tracks are initially formed ln the inner and outer race members when the parts are forged or cast and are subsequently finish machined to produce a desired pre-cision shape for each of the ball tracks. During the grlnding or finish machining operation, a portion of the working sur-face of the tool is worn, thus, requiring periodic replacement of the tool in order to maintain the accuracy of the flnish machining or grinding operation. Such periodic replacement is expensive in terms of the cost of replacing the tool and in terms of the loss of operating time while the tool is being replaced.
When a ball race groove track is formed in such a part by a cold forming operation, the metal of the part is substantially displaced, particularly in the region of the apex of the ball track. The metal in the region of the apex of the ball race groove track offers the greatest resistance of the formation of the ball race groove track. Thus, some relief in the region of the apex of the ball track would be advantageous in order to facilitate the formation process.
- When the ball race groove track is to be ground in ~L2~15~
such parts, a grinding tool is rotated about an axis extending outwardly from the apex of the ball track. Thus, the portion of the grinding tool in the vicinity of the apex of the ball race groove track is moving comparatlvely slowly and encoun-ters the greatest amount of friction. The friction in the region of the apex of the ball track causes rapid deteriora-tion of the grinding tool, thereby requiring frequent replace-ment of the grinding tool and a large amount of down time.
This friction also creates heat which may generate cracks in the part. Thus, each part must be carefully inspected for microscopic cracks. A noticeable amount of scrap results from the detection of such microscopic cracks during such inspec-tion, increasing the manufacturing costs per part. Quality control problems may also be encountered as a result of unde-tected flaws.
Accordingly, what is needed is a method for produc-ing ball race groove tracks in Rzeppa joints and similar con-stant velocity universal joints, as well as other machine ele-ments requiring precision ball race groove tracks, which method reduces the amount of wear on the grinding or finish machining tool, and the amount of scrap resulting during the manufacture of such ball race groove tracks.
The present invention provides a method for produc-ing a precision ball race groove track in a workpiece which method results in less wear of the tool used for grinding or finish machining the ball race groove track, as compared to methods of the prior art, facilitates the cold forming opera-tion, and is less llkely to lntroduce microscopic cracks lnto the workplece. The method of the present lnventlon ls partic-ularly advantageously used for producing an outer race memberof a constant velocity universal joint, such as a Rzeppa joInt.
~;~4~S3;~
According to the present inventlon there is provided a method of forming a precision ball race groove track in a race member of a universal joint, said method comprising the steps of: forming said race member with a formed ball race groove track and with a recess groove extending substantially along the apex of said formed ball race groove track, said recess groove having a base that will not come into contact with a finishing tool used to finish machine said ball race groove track; and finish machining said formed ball race groove track to a predetermined preclsion shape to produce said precision ball race groove track by moving said ball race groove track into contact with the finishing tool such that the finishing tool contacts said ball race groove track to thereby finish machine said ball groove track without coming into contact with said base of sad recess groove extending along said formed ball race groove track. Suitably said race member comprises a spherical inner race member, said spherical inner race member comprislng a plurality of ball engaging ball groove tracks, said precision ball race groove tracks compris-ing at least one of said plurality of ball engaging ballgroove tracks. Desirably said race member comprises a spheri-cal outer race member, said spherical outer race member com-prising a plurality of ball engaging ball race groove tracks, said precision ball race groove track comprlsing at least one of said plurality of ball engaging race groove tracks.
Thus according to the method of the present inven-tion, the workpiece is originally formed with a formed ball race groove track and extending therealong. The ball race groove track is subsequently ground or flnish machined to a predetermined precision shape to produce a precision ball race groove track. The recess groove reduces the wear on the fin-ish machlning or grinding tool by reducing the amount of sur-.3~
face area engaged by the tool in the area of greatest resis-tance to machining or grinding. Furthermore, the recess groove enhances metal flow at the apex of the ball race groove track during the cold forming operatlon.
Preferably, the recess groove extends along the apex of the ball race groove, since this is the area where the greatest amount of resistance will be offered by the part to the cold forming device or the finish machining or grinding tool. Suitably said recess groove has a width substantially larger than its depth relative to said formed ball race groove track. Preferably said recess groove has a predetermined depth substantially larger than the depth of said predeter-mined precision shape obtained by said finish machining step.
Desirably said recess groove extends circumferentially between ten and thirty degrees of arc relative to said formed ball race groove track.
In the preferred embodiment, an outer race member of a constant velocity universal joint is formed having a plural-ity of spaced apart meridian ball race grooves, each of the plurality of spaced apart meridian ball race grooves having a meridian recess groove formed in the apex thereof. Each of the plurality of spaced apart meridian ball race grooves are finish machined or ground to a precision shape to produce a plurality of precision ball race groove tracks.
The inner race member of a constant velocity univer-sal joint is produced similarly by forming the inner race mem-ber with a plurality of spaced apart meridian ball race grooves therein, each having a meridian relief groove formed in the apex thereof and grinding the plurality of spaced apart meridian ball race grooves to a predetermined precision shape to produce a plurality of precision ball race groove tracks.
In one embodiment of the present invention there is 3~
provided a method of forming an outer race member of a universal joint having an inner race member and a plurality of ball engaging race groove tracks in said inner and outer race members, said method comprising the steps of: forming a cavity in said outer race member, said cavity having a plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks formed therein, each of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks having a recess groove formed in the apex thereof, said recess groove having a base that will not come into contact with a finishing tool used to finish machine said ball race groove track; and finish machining each of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks to a predetermined precision shape to produce a plurality of precision ball race groove tracks by moving said ball race groove track into contact with the finishing tool such that the finishing tool contacts said ball race groove track to thereby finish machine said ball race groove track without coming into contact with the base of said recess groove extending along each of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks.
In a still further embodiment of the present inven-tion there is provided a method of forming an inner race member of a universal joint having an outer race member and a plurality of spaced apart ball engaging race groove tracks in said inner and outer race members, said method comprising the steps of: forming an inner race member havlng an outer spherical surface and a plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks formed thereon, each of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks having a recess groove formed in the apex thereof, said recess groove having a base that will not come into contact with a finishing tool used to finish machine said ball race grove track; and finish machining each of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks to a ~a24~53~
predetermined ball race groove track by moving said ball race groove track into contact wlth the finishing tool such that the finlshing tool contacts said ball race groove track to thereby finish machine said ball race groove track without coming into contact with the base of said recess groove extending along each of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks.
Thus the present inventlon provides a method for forming a precision race groove tract ln a part, which method increases the effective life of a flnish machining or grinding tool used to produce the precision ball race groove track thereby reducing the down time of the production machinery used and increasing the production rate available from the production machinery.
The present invention also provides a method for forming an inner race member and a method for forming an outer race member of a universal joint having a series of ball engaging meridian race grooves in the inner and outer race members.
The present invention again provides a precision inner race member and a precision outer race member for a con-stant velocity universal joint of the type having a series of ball engaging meridian race grooves formed in the inner and outer race members.
The present invention again provides a method for - forming a precision ball race groove track in a part, which method enhances the formation of the precision ball race groove track by a cold formlng operation.
The present lnvention will be further illustrated by way of the accompanying drawings, in which:-Figure 1 is a partial cutaway side vlew of a con-stant velocity universal joint made according to the method of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2-2 of Figure l; and Figure 3 is an enlarged partlal sectional view of the universal joint of Figures 1 and 2 illustrating the rellef groove thereof in detail.
Referring now to the drawing and more particularly to Figures 1 and 2 thereof, a constant velocity universal joint 10 of the Rzeppa type is illustrated. Since the con-stant velocity universal joint lo is well known in the art, itis nelther illustrated nor described in detail herein.
The constant velocity universal joint 10 includes an outer race member 12 having an integral shaft 14 extending in a first direction therefrom. A spherical cavity 16 is formed in the outer race member 12. The spherical cavity 16 opens in a second direction opposite the first direction.
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, first ball groove tracks 18 are formed in the outer race member 12 for a series of bearing balls 20. The first ball groove tracks 18 form a ; 20 series of ball engaging meridian race grooves.
An inner race member 22 is provided within the spherical cavity 16 of the outer race member 12. The inner race member 22 is mounted to a shaft 24 by means of cooperat-ing splines 26. The inner race member 22 is provided with an outer spherical surface 28 having a diameter substantially - smaller than the diameter of the spherical cavity 16 of the outer race member 12.
Second ball groove tracks 30 are formed in the outer spherical surface 28 of the lnner race member 22, as shown in Flgures 1 and 2. The second ball groove tracks 30 form a series of ball engaglng merldlan race grooves of the gothlc arch type for engaglng portions of the bearlng balls 20.
~2 Each of the first ball groove tracks 18 ls aligned with one of the second ball groove tracks 30 and traps there-between one of the bearing balls 20 in a known manner such as to permit the angular movement of the shaft 24 interconnected with the inner race member 22 relative to the integral shaft 14 of the outer race member 12. The bearing balls 20 transfer rotational torque between the integral shaft 14 and the shaft 24 in a known manner. If desired, a spherical cage 42 may be provided between the outer spherical surface 28 of the inner race member 22 and the spherical cavlty 16 of the outer race member 12 to trap the bearing balls 20 in a known manner.
According to prior art methods, the inner and outer race members 22 and 12 are formed by a casting or forging pro-cess and the first ball groove and second ball groove tracks 18 and 30 are formed, respectively, thereon by a subsequent grinding or machining operation using a grinding or machining tool. This grinding or machining operation results in a con-siderable amount of wear on the grinding or machining tool, requiring frequent replacement of the grinding tool. Thus, the production machinery used to produce the inner and outer race members requires substantial down time and provides a low - production rate. However, according to the present invention, the inner and outer race members 22 and 12 are modified so as to reduce the amount of wear on the machining tool, thus, increasing the production rate and reducing the down time of the production machinery.
As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the drawing, each of the first ball groove tracks 18 are provided with a small recess 32 extending along the length thereof. Similarly, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, each of the second ball groove tracks 30 are provided with a recess 34 formed therealong.
The recesses 32 and 3~ provide a relief groove to reduce the , . _ g _ ~2 ~5~
amount of wear on the grlnding or machining tool used to grind or machine the flrst and second ball groove tracks 18 and 30 to predetermined precision shapes.
More particularly, as shown in Figure 3 with respect to a preselected first ball groove track 18a, the recess 32 is preferably formed at the apex of the first or second ball groove track with which it is associated, since the greatest grinding or machining resistance force is experienced at the apex of the track. Thus, the grinding or machining tool used in a finishing operation on the preselected first ball groove track 18a will experlence substantlally less wear than is the case when the recess 32 is omitted.
The recess 32 preferably has a substantially greater width w than its depth d, relative to the preselected flrst ball groove track 18a so as to provide a substantial lessening of the wear on the machining or grinding tool used, without substantially weakening the outer race member 12. For example, the width w of the recess 32 may be two to four times the dimension of the depth d. Furthermore, the recess 32 extends circumferentially about a portion of the preselected first ball groove track 18a such as to define a predetermined angle theta e of arc relative to the preselected first ball groove track. The preselected angle theta e is chosen such as to minimize the wear on the machining or grinding tool yet permit a sufficient remaining surface for the contact between the preselected flrst ball groove track 18a and the bearlng ball 20 disposed thereln. In the example illustrated, the preselected angle theta e is approxlmately twenty degrees (20) though it may range from approximately ten degrees to approximately thirty degrees t10-30) of arc.
Accordlng to the method of the present inventlon, the outer race member 12 is initially formed by a casting or 3~
forging process, havlng the preselected first ball groove track 13a formed thereln having a formed surface 36 with a formed radius rl. A subsequent grinding or machining opera-tion is performed on the preselected first ball groove track 18a, such as to produce a ground surface varying within prese-lected tolerances between a minimum ground surface 38 having a minimum ground radius r2 and a maximum ground surface 40 hav-ing a maximum ground radius r3. The depth d of the recess 32 is selected so as to exceed the difference between the maximum lo ground radius r3 and the formed radlus rl, so that the grind-ing or machining tool never encounters the base 44 of the recess 32.
The remaining first ball groove tracks 18 and second ball grooves tracks 30 of the inner and outer race members 22 and 12, respectively, are formed in an analogous manner to the formation of the preselected first ball groove track 18a, as described above.
It should be noted that the method according to the present invention is more advantageously applied to the outer race member 12 than it is to the inner race member 22. The first ball groove tracks 18 for the outer race member 12 are typically proportioned, relative to the bearing balls 20, such that the bearing balls engage a surface of the ball groove track generally not including the apex of the track. This is done so as to maximize the amount of bearing surface between the bearing balls 20 and the outer race member 12. ThuS, the removal of a portion of the flrst ball groove tracks 18, by the provision of a recess 32 in each of the ball groove tracks, removes a portion of the first track not experiencing any load. Thus, the method according to the present inven-tion, when applied to the manufacture of an outer race member 12 of a constant velocity universal joint 10, increases the 5~3~
effective life of the grinding or machining tool used by removing that portlon of the formed surface 36 of the first track 18 that offers the ~e~te~t resiotanca to the machinlng or grindlng tool without affecting the functional engagement between the bearing ball 20 and the flrst ball groove track 18 associated therewith.
In contrast, the second ball groove tracks 30 of the inner race member 22 are typically proportioned in a manner providing substantial surface contact ad;acent the apex of the second ball groove track. Accordingly, when an lnner race member 22 is mads according to the method of the present invention, as described above, the area of greatest contact between the bearing ball 20 and the second ball groove track 30 associated therewith will be on either side of the recess 34.
Therefore, for some application, only the outer race member 12 would be formed according to the method of the pre-sent invention while the inner race member 22 would be formed according to prior art methods. Alternatively, the recess 34 formed in each second ball groove track 30 of the inner race member 22 may be formed at locations other than the apex of the second ball groove track. For example, two recesses, not shown in the drawing, may be formed in each of the second ball groove tracks 30, the two recesses being disposed a predeter-mined angular distance away from the apex of the second track associated therewith, on opposite sides of the apex.
The above-detailed description is merely exemplary of the present invention since variations therefrom will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, the grind-ing or machining step according to the present invention maybe accomplished by using a single pass or a multiple pass with a grinding wheel.
The present invention relates to methods foe formlng precision ball race groove tracks in a part, especially in the outer race member of a unlversal joint.
There are many mechanical parts having ball race groove tracks formed therein for engagement with bearing balls. The ball race groove tracks may be produced by various methods including formation of the ball race groove track with the part when the part is forged or cast, grinding, machining or cold forming the track lnto a rough workpiece, or cold forming or forging an initial roughly proportioned track dur-ing the formation process for the part and subsequently grind-ing or machining the formed ball track into a precision shape.
The last-mentioned methods are the most common when a preci-sion shape for the ball race groove tracks is required since an accurately dimensioned ball race groove is produced without a substantial waste of material. Furthermore, these methods of producing a ball race groove cause less wear on the grind-ing machining tool than is the case when the ball race groove track is ground in a workplece not having an initially formed ball race groove track therein.
Precision ball race groove tracks are required, for example, for universal joints of the type having spherically engaged inner and outer race members coupled to each other by a plurality of bearing balls disposed in ball engaging merid-ian race grooves in the inner and outer race members.
Examples of this type of unlversal joint may be found in U.S.
Patent No. 2,046,584, issued July 7, 1936 to Alfred H. Rzeppa and in U.S. Patent No. 1,665,280, issued April 10, 1928 to the same inventor. A significant advantage of thls type of con-struction for a universal joint is that is has a constant velocity property. That is, the speed of rotation of the shaft interconnected with the inner race member is the same as that of the shaft interconnected with the outer race member, regardless of the relatlve angular posltion between the lnner and outer race members withln a predetermined range of rela-tive angular posltions.
For this reason, this type of universal joint has become popular for use in front wheel drive assemblies for motor vehicles.
The typical constant velocity universal joint of the above-described type, often referred to as Rzeppa joint, requires six precision meridian ball tracks ln a spherical cavity in an outer race member as well as six precision merid-ian ball tracks formed in the outer spherical surface of an inner race member. These tracks are initially formed ln the inner and outer race members when the parts are forged or cast and are subsequently finish machined to produce a desired pre-cision shape for each of the ball tracks. During the grlnding or finish machining operation, a portion of the working sur-face of the tool is worn, thus, requiring periodic replacement of the tool in order to maintain the accuracy of the flnish machining or grinding operation. Such periodic replacement is expensive in terms of the cost of replacing the tool and in terms of the loss of operating time while the tool is being replaced.
When a ball race groove track is formed in such a part by a cold forming operation, the metal of the part is substantially displaced, particularly in the region of the apex of the ball track. The metal in the region of the apex of the ball race groove track offers the greatest resistance of the formation of the ball race groove track. Thus, some relief in the region of the apex of the ball track would be advantageous in order to facilitate the formation process.
- When the ball race groove track is to be ground in ~L2~15~
such parts, a grinding tool is rotated about an axis extending outwardly from the apex of the ball track. Thus, the portion of the grinding tool in the vicinity of the apex of the ball race groove track is moving comparatlvely slowly and encoun-ters the greatest amount of friction. The friction in the region of the apex of the ball track causes rapid deteriora-tion of the grinding tool, thereby requiring frequent replace-ment of the grinding tool and a large amount of down time.
This friction also creates heat which may generate cracks in the part. Thus, each part must be carefully inspected for microscopic cracks. A noticeable amount of scrap results from the detection of such microscopic cracks during such inspec-tion, increasing the manufacturing costs per part. Quality control problems may also be encountered as a result of unde-tected flaws.
Accordingly, what is needed is a method for produc-ing ball race groove tracks in Rzeppa joints and similar con-stant velocity universal joints, as well as other machine ele-ments requiring precision ball race groove tracks, which method reduces the amount of wear on the grinding or finish machining tool, and the amount of scrap resulting during the manufacture of such ball race groove tracks.
The present invention provides a method for produc-ing a precision ball race groove track in a workpiece which method results in less wear of the tool used for grinding or finish machining the ball race groove track, as compared to methods of the prior art, facilitates the cold forming opera-tion, and is less llkely to lntroduce microscopic cracks lnto the workplece. The method of the present lnventlon ls partic-ularly advantageously used for producing an outer race memberof a constant velocity universal joint, such as a Rzeppa joInt.
~;~4~S3;~
According to the present inventlon there is provided a method of forming a precision ball race groove track in a race member of a universal joint, said method comprising the steps of: forming said race member with a formed ball race groove track and with a recess groove extending substantially along the apex of said formed ball race groove track, said recess groove having a base that will not come into contact with a finishing tool used to finish machine said ball race groove track; and finish machining said formed ball race groove track to a predetermined preclsion shape to produce said precision ball race groove track by moving said ball race groove track into contact with the finishing tool such that the finishing tool contacts said ball race groove track to thereby finish machine said ball groove track without coming into contact with said base of sad recess groove extending along said formed ball race groove track. Suitably said race member comprises a spherical inner race member, said spherical inner race member comprislng a plurality of ball engaging ball groove tracks, said precision ball race groove tracks compris-ing at least one of said plurality of ball engaging ballgroove tracks. Desirably said race member comprises a spheri-cal outer race member, said spherical outer race member com-prising a plurality of ball engaging ball race groove tracks, said precision ball race groove track comprlsing at least one of said plurality of ball engaging race groove tracks.
Thus according to the method of the present inven-tion, the workpiece is originally formed with a formed ball race groove track and extending therealong. The ball race groove track is subsequently ground or flnish machined to a predetermined precision shape to produce a precision ball race groove track. The recess groove reduces the wear on the fin-ish machlning or grinding tool by reducing the amount of sur-.3~
face area engaged by the tool in the area of greatest resis-tance to machining or grinding. Furthermore, the recess groove enhances metal flow at the apex of the ball race groove track during the cold forming operatlon.
Preferably, the recess groove extends along the apex of the ball race groove, since this is the area where the greatest amount of resistance will be offered by the part to the cold forming device or the finish machining or grinding tool. Suitably said recess groove has a width substantially larger than its depth relative to said formed ball race groove track. Preferably said recess groove has a predetermined depth substantially larger than the depth of said predeter-mined precision shape obtained by said finish machining step.
Desirably said recess groove extends circumferentially between ten and thirty degrees of arc relative to said formed ball race groove track.
In the preferred embodiment, an outer race member of a constant velocity universal joint is formed having a plural-ity of spaced apart meridian ball race grooves, each of the plurality of spaced apart meridian ball race grooves having a meridian recess groove formed in the apex thereof. Each of the plurality of spaced apart meridian ball race grooves are finish machined or ground to a precision shape to produce a plurality of precision ball race groove tracks.
The inner race member of a constant velocity univer-sal joint is produced similarly by forming the inner race mem-ber with a plurality of spaced apart meridian ball race grooves therein, each having a meridian relief groove formed in the apex thereof and grinding the plurality of spaced apart meridian ball race grooves to a predetermined precision shape to produce a plurality of precision ball race groove tracks.
In one embodiment of the present invention there is 3~
provided a method of forming an outer race member of a universal joint having an inner race member and a plurality of ball engaging race groove tracks in said inner and outer race members, said method comprising the steps of: forming a cavity in said outer race member, said cavity having a plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks formed therein, each of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks having a recess groove formed in the apex thereof, said recess groove having a base that will not come into contact with a finishing tool used to finish machine said ball race groove track; and finish machining each of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks to a predetermined precision shape to produce a plurality of precision ball race groove tracks by moving said ball race groove track into contact with the finishing tool such that the finishing tool contacts said ball race groove track to thereby finish machine said ball race groove track without coming into contact with the base of said recess groove extending along each of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks.
In a still further embodiment of the present inven-tion there is provided a method of forming an inner race member of a universal joint having an outer race member and a plurality of spaced apart ball engaging race groove tracks in said inner and outer race members, said method comprising the steps of: forming an inner race member havlng an outer spherical surface and a plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks formed thereon, each of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks having a recess groove formed in the apex thereof, said recess groove having a base that will not come into contact with a finishing tool used to finish machine said ball race grove track; and finish machining each of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks to a ~a24~53~
predetermined ball race groove track by moving said ball race groove track into contact wlth the finishing tool such that the finlshing tool contacts said ball race groove track to thereby finish machine said ball race groove track without coming into contact with the base of said recess groove extending along each of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks.
Thus the present inventlon provides a method for forming a precision race groove tract ln a part, which method increases the effective life of a flnish machining or grinding tool used to produce the precision ball race groove track thereby reducing the down time of the production machinery used and increasing the production rate available from the production machinery.
The present invention also provides a method for forming an inner race member and a method for forming an outer race member of a universal joint having a series of ball engaging meridian race grooves in the inner and outer race members.
The present invention again provides a precision inner race member and a precision outer race member for a con-stant velocity universal joint of the type having a series of ball engaging meridian race grooves formed in the inner and outer race members.
The present invention again provides a method for - forming a precision ball race groove track in a part, which method enhances the formation of the precision ball race groove track by a cold formlng operation.
The present lnvention will be further illustrated by way of the accompanying drawings, in which:-Figure 1 is a partial cutaway side vlew of a con-stant velocity universal joint made according to the method of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2-2 of Figure l; and Figure 3 is an enlarged partlal sectional view of the universal joint of Figures 1 and 2 illustrating the rellef groove thereof in detail.
Referring now to the drawing and more particularly to Figures 1 and 2 thereof, a constant velocity universal joint 10 of the Rzeppa type is illustrated. Since the con-stant velocity universal joint lo is well known in the art, itis nelther illustrated nor described in detail herein.
The constant velocity universal joint 10 includes an outer race member 12 having an integral shaft 14 extending in a first direction therefrom. A spherical cavity 16 is formed in the outer race member 12. The spherical cavity 16 opens in a second direction opposite the first direction.
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, first ball groove tracks 18 are formed in the outer race member 12 for a series of bearing balls 20. The first ball groove tracks 18 form a ; 20 series of ball engaging meridian race grooves.
An inner race member 22 is provided within the spherical cavity 16 of the outer race member 12. The inner race member 22 is mounted to a shaft 24 by means of cooperat-ing splines 26. The inner race member 22 is provided with an outer spherical surface 28 having a diameter substantially - smaller than the diameter of the spherical cavity 16 of the outer race member 12.
Second ball groove tracks 30 are formed in the outer spherical surface 28 of the lnner race member 22, as shown in Flgures 1 and 2. The second ball groove tracks 30 form a series of ball engaglng merldlan race grooves of the gothlc arch type for engaglng portions of the bearlng balls 20.
~2 Each of the first ball groove tracks 18 ls aligned with one of the second ball groove tracks 30 and traps there-between one of the bearing balls 20 in a known manner such as to permit the angular movement of the shaft 24 interconnected with the inner race member 22 relative to the integral shaft 14 of the outer race member 12. The bearing balls 20 transfer rotational torque between the integral shaft 14 and the shaft 24 in a known manner. If desired, a spherical cage 42 may be provided between the outer spherical surface 28 of the inner race member 22 and the spherical cavlty 16 of the outer race member 12 to trap the bearing balls 20 in a known manner.
According to prior art methods, the inner and outer race members 22 and 12 are formed by a casting or forging pro-cess and the first ball groove and second ball groove tracks 18 and 30 are formed, respectively, thereon by a subsequent grinding or machining operation using a grinding or machining tool. This grinding or machining operation results in a con-siderable amount of wear on the grinding or machining tool, requiring frequent replacement of the grinding tool. Thus, the production machinery used to produce the inner and outer race members requires substantial down time and provides a low - production rate. However, according to the present invention, the inner and outer race members 22 and 12 are modified so as to reduce the amount of wear on the machining tool, thus, increasing the production rate and reducing the down time of the production machinery.
As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the drawing, each of the first ball groove tracks 18 are provided with a small recess 32 extending along the length thereof. Similarly, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, each of the second ball groove tracks 30 are provided with a recess 34 formed therealong.
The recesses 32 and 3~ provide a relief groove to reduce the , . _ g _ ~2 ~5~
amount of wear on the grlnding or machining tool used to grind or machine the flrst and second ball groove tracks 18 and 30 to predetermined precision shapes.
More particularly, as shown in Figure 3 with respect to a preselected first ball groove track 18a, the recess 32 is preferably formed at the apex of the first or second ball groove track with which it is associated, since the greatest grinding or machining resistance force is experienced at the apex of the track. Thus, the grinding or machining tool used in a finishing operation on the preselected first ball groove track 18a will experlence substantlally less wear than is the case when the recess 32 is omitted.
The recess 32 preferably has a substantially greater width w than its depth d, relative to the preselected flrst ball groove track 18a so as to provide a substantial lessening of the wear on the machining or grinding tool used, without substantially weakening the outer race member 12. For example, the width w of the recess 32 may be two to four times the dimension of the depth d. Furthermore, the recess 32 extends circumferentially about a portion of the preselected first ball groove track 18a such as to define a predetermined angle theta e of arc relative to the preselected first ball groove track. The preselected angle theta e is chosen such as to minimize the wear on the machining or grinding tool yet permit a sufficient remaining surface for the contact between the preselected flrst ball groove track 18a and the bearlng ball 20 disposed thereln. In the example illustrated, the preselected angle theta e is approxlmately twenty degrees (20) though it may range from approximately ten degrees to approximately thirty degrees t10-30) of arc.
Accordlng to the method of the present inventlon, the outer race member 12 is initially formed by a casting or 3~
forging process, havlng the preselected first ball groove track 13a formed thereln having a formed surface 36 with a formed radius rl. A subsequent grinding or machining opera-tion is performed on the preselected first ball groove track 18a, such as to produce a ground surface varying within prese-lected tolerances between a minimum ground surface 38 having a minimum ground radius r2 and a maximum ground surface 40 hav-ing a maximum ground radius r3. The depth d of the recess 32 is selected so as to exceed the difference between the maximum lo ground radius r3 and the formed radlus rl, so that the grind-ing or machining tool never encounters the base 44 of the recess 32.
The remaining first ball groove tracks 18 and second ball grooves tracks 30 of the inner and outer race members 22 and 12, respectively, are formed in an analogous manner to the formation of the preselected first ball groove track 18a, as described above.
It should be noted that the method according to the present invention is more advantageously applied to the outer race member 12 than it is to the inner race member 22. The first ball groove tracks 18 for the outer race member 12 are typically proportioned, relative to the bearing balls 20, such that the bearing balls engage a surface of the ball groove track generally not including the apex of the track. This is done so as to maximize the amount of bearing surface between the bearing balls 20 and the outer race member 12. ThuS, the removal of a portion of the flrst ball groove tracks 18, by the provision of a recess 32 in each of the ball groove tracks, removes a portion of the first track not experiencing any load. Thus, the method according to the present inven-tion, when applied to the manufacture of an outer race member 12 of a constant velocity universal joint 10, increases the 5~3~
effective life of the grinding or machining tool used by removing that portlon of the formed surface 36 of the first track 18 that offers the ~e~te~t resiotanca to the machinlng or grindlng tool without affecting the functional engagement between the bearing ball 20 and the flrst ball groove track 18 associated therewith.
In contrast, the second ball groove tracks 30 of the inner race member 22 are typically proportioned in a manner providing substantial surface contact ad;acent the apex of the second ball groove track. Accordingly, when an lnner race member 22 is mads according to the method of the present invention, as described above, the area of greatest contact between the bearing ball 20 and the second ball groove track 30 associated therewith will be on either side of the recess 34.
Therefore, for some application, only the outer race member 12 would be formed according to the method of the pre-sent invention while the inner race member 22 would be formed according to prior art methods. Alternatively, the recess 34 formed in each second ball groove track 30 of the inner race member 22 may be formed at locations other than the apex of the second ball groove track. For example, two recesses, not shown in the drawing, may be formed in each of the second ball groove tracks 30, the two recesses being disposed a predeter-mined angular distance away from the apex of the second track associated therewith, on opposite sides of the apex.
The above-detailed description is merely exemplary of the present invention since variations therefrom will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, the grind-ing or machining step according to the present invention maybe accomplished by using a single pass or a multiple pass with a grinding wheel.
Claims (15)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of forming a precision ball race groove track in a race member of a universal joint, said method com-prising the steps of: forming said race member with a formed ball race groove track and with a recess groove extending sub-stantially along the apex of said formed ball race groove track, said recess groove having a base that will not come into contact with a finishing tool used to finish machine said ball race groove track; and finish machining said formed ball race groove track to a predetermined precision shape to pro-duce said precision ball race groove track by moving said ball race groove track into contact with the finishing tool such that the finishing tool contacts said ball race groove track to thereby finish machine said ball race groove track without coming into contact with said base of said recess groove extending along said formed ball race groove track.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said race member comprises a spherical inner race member, said spherical inner race member comprising a plurality of ball engaging ball groove tracks, said precision ball race groove track comprising at least one of said plurality of ball engag-ing ball groove tracks.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said race member comprises a spherical outer race member, said spherical outer race member comprising a plurality of ball engaging ball race groove tracks, said precision ball race groove track comprising at least one of said plurality of ball engaging race groove tracks.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said recess groove extends along the apex of said formed ball race groove track.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said recess groove has a width substantially larger than its depth relative to said formed ball race groove track.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said recess groove has a predetermined depth substantially larger than the depth of said predetermined precision shape obtained by said finish machining step.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said recess groove extends circumferentially between ten and thirty degrees of arc relative to said formed ball race groove track.
8. A method of forming an outer race member of a universal joint having an inner race member and a plurality of ball engaging race groove tracks in said inner and outer race members, said method comprising the steps of: forming a cavity in said outer race member, said cavity having a plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks formed therein, each of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks having a recess groove formed in the apex thereof, said recess groove having a base that will not come into contact with a finishing tool used to finish machine said ball race groove track: and finish machining each of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks to a predetermined precision shape to pro-duce a plurality of precision ball race groove tracks by mov-ing said ball race groove track into contact with the finish-ing tool such that the finishing tool contacts said ball race groove track to thereby finish machine said ball race groove track without coming into contact with the base of said recess groove extending along each of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8 wherein each of said recess groove has a width substantially larger than its depth relative to the respective one of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks associated therewith.
10. The method as claimed in claim 8 wherein each said recess groove has a predetermined depth substantially larger than said predetermined shape obtained by said finish machining step.
11. The method as claimed in claim 8 wherein each said recess groove extends circumferentially between ten and thirty degrees of arc relative to the respective one of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks associated therewith.
12. A method of forming an inner race member of a universal joint having an outer race member and a plurality of spaced apart ball engaging race groove tracks in said inner and outer race members, said method comprising the steps of:
forming an inner race member having an outer spherical surface and a plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks formed thereon, each of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks having a recess groove formed in the apex thereof, said recess groove having a base that will not come into contact with a finishing tool used to finish machine said ball race groove track; and finish machining each of said plu-rality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks to a predeter-mined precision shape to produce a plurality of precision ball race groove tracks by moving said ball race groove track into contact with the finishing tool such that the finishing tool contacts said ball race groove track to thereby finish machine said ball race groove track without coming into contact with the base of said recess groove extending along each of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks.
forming an inner race member having an outer spherical surface and a plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks formed thereon, each of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks having a recess groove formed in the apex thereof, said recess groove having a base that will not come into contact with a finishing tool used to finish machine said ball race groove track; and finish machining each of said plu-rality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks to a predeter-mined precision shape to produce a plurality of precision ball race groove tracks by moving said ball race groove track into contact with the finishing tool such that the finishing tool contacts said ball race groove track to thereby finish machine said ball race groove track without coming into contact with the base of said recess groove extending along each of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks.
13. The method as claimed in claim 12 wherein each said recess groove has a width substantially larger than its depth relative to the respective one of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks associated therewith.
14. The method as claimed in claim 12 wherein each said recess groove has a predetermined depth substantially larger than said predetermined precision shape obtained by said finish machining step.
15. The method as claimed in claim 12 wherein each said recess groove extends circumferentially between ten and thirty degrees of arc relative to the respective one of said plurality of spaced apart ball race groove tracks associated therewith.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US58851484A | 1984-03-12 | 1984-03-12 | |
| US588,514 | 1984-03-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1241532A true CA1241532A (en) | 1988-09-06 |
Family
ID=24354153
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000468165A Expired CA1241532A (en) | 1984-03-12 | 1984-11-19 | Method of forming a precision ball track |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60186334A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR890000213B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU567376B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8406297A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1241532A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3508487C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8606052A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2560948A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2155367B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1184902B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX171215B (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2109862B1 (en) * | 1993-02-06 | 1998-08-01 | Gkn Automotive Ag | TORQUE TRANSMISSION SETS. |
| GB2289518B (en) * | 1993-02-06 | 1996-04-17 | Gkn Automotive Ag | Torque transmitting assemblies |
| GB9302359D0 (en) * | 1993-02-06 | 1993-03-24 | Gkn Technology Ltd | Torque transmitting assemblies |
| DE4407346A1 (en) * | 1993-09-07 | 1995-06-29 | Gkn Automotive Ag | Link outer part mfg. process |
| DE4410298C2 (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1998-07-02 | Loehr & Bromkamp Gmbh | Constant velocity joint |
| GB2318852B (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 2000-05-17 | Gkn Hardy Spicer Limited | Constant-velocity-ratio universal joints |
| WO1998019073A1 (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 1998-05-07 | Gkn Automotive Ag | Constant-velocity-ratio universal joints |
| DE19858324C1 (en) * | 1998-12-17 | 2000-03-16 | Gkn Loebro Gmbh | Method of production of motor vehicle drive homokinetic coupling outer shell involves reshaping outer sleeve and separating base section |
| DE19958719A1 (en) * | 1999-09-14 | 2001-03-15 | Iprotec Masch & Edelstahlprod | Ball cage for constant velocity universal joint used in front wheel drive cars has outer functional surfaces cooperating with journal and second, inner set cooperating with hub, at least one set being raised above surrounding surface |
| DE10056132C2 (en) * | 2000-11-13 | 2002-10-24 | Emag Maschfab Gmbh | Method and device for machining hubs of homokinetic joints |
| US6557257B2 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2003-05-06 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Method for reducing hard machining time of a constant velocity joint |
| DE10142805C2 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-10-16 | Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh | One-piece joint body |
| DE10163040C1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-08-21 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Tool for producing an inner joint part for a constant velocity joint |
| DE102004003147B4 (en) * | 2004-01-21 | 2016-01-21 | Volkswagen Ag | Method and device for milling ball raceways on constant velocity joint hubs |
| DE102005019160B4 (en) * | 2005-04-25 | 2007-04-05 | Emag Holding Gmbh | Method for producing ball hubs for constant velocity joints |
| DE102010023029B4 (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2013-11-21 | MAPAL Fabrik für Präzisionswerkzeuge Dr. Kress KG | Method for producing an outer part blank and an inner blank of a cardan shaft and cardan shaft |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1665280A (en) * | 1927-04-02 | 1928-04-10 | Alfred H Rzeppa | Universal joint |
| US2046584A (en) * | 1934-08-08 | 1936-07-07 | Alfred H Rzeppa | Universal joint |
| US2322570A (en) * | 1941-12-26 | 1943-06-22 | Adiel Y Dodge | Universal joint |
| GB962455A (en) * | 1960-03-09 | 1964-07-01 | Brd Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to universal joints |
| US3367139A (en) * | 1966-06-29 | 1968-02-06 | Gen Motors Corp | Universal joint |
| GB1322792A (en) * | 1969-07-12 | 1973-07-11 | Bellomo A | Homokinetic joint |
| GB1389903A (en) * | 1971-06-26 | 1975-04-09 | Bellomo A | Homokinetic joint |
| JPS5756225B2 (en) * | 1972-10-30 | 1982-11-29 | ||
| JPS6039897B2 (en) * | 1978-12-04 | 1985-09-07 | エヌ・テ−・エヌ東洋ベアリング株式会社 | Constant velocity joint |
| JPS55163324A (en) * | 1979-06-01 | 1980-12-19 | Toyota Motor Corp | Constant velocity ball joint |
| JPS5756225U (en) * | 1980-09-19 | 1982-04-02 |
-
1984
- 1984-11-15 AU AU35454/84A patent/AU567376B2/en not_active Expired
- 1984-11-19 CA CA000468165A patent/CA1241532A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-12-04 KR KR1019840007640A patent/KR890000213B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-12-07 BR BR8406297A patent/BR8406297A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-12-10 JP JP59259420A patent/JPS60186334A/en active Pending
- 1984-12-17 MX MX203781A patent/MX171215B/en unknown
-
1985
- 1985-03-09 DE DE3508487A patent/DE3508487C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-03-11 ES ES541159A patent/ES8606052A1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-03-11 FR FR8503535A patent/FR2560948A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1985-03-12 IT IT67247/85A patent/IT1184902B/en active
- 1985-03-12 GB GB08506364A patent/GB2155367B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1184902B (en) | 1987-10-28 |
| JPS60186334A (en) | 1985-09-21 |
| FR2560948A1 (en) | 1985-09-13 |
| DE3508487A1 (en) | 1985-09-12 |
| DE3508487C2 (en) | 1993-12-23 |
| GB8506364D0 (en) | 1985-04-11 |
| ES8606052A1 (en) | 1986-04-01 |
| GB2155367A (en) | 1985-09-25 |
| AU567376B2 (en) | 1987-11-19 |
| ES541159A0 (en) | 1986-04-01 |
| IT8567247A0 (en) | 1985-03-12 |
| IT8567247A1 (en) | 1986-09-12 |
| GB2155367B (en) | 1987-09-03 |
| KR850007018A (en) | 1985-10-30 |
| MX171215B (en) | 1993-10-08 |
| BR8406297A (en) | 1985-10-08 |
| KR890000213B1 (en) | 1989-03-10 |
| AU3545484A (en) | 1985-09-19 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |