CA1236793A - Hydrocyclone with lights outlet whirlpool cleaning means - Google Patents
Hydrocyclone with lights outlet whirlpool cleaning meansInfo
- Publication number
- CA1236793A CA1236793A CA000439138A CA439138A CA1236793A CA 1236793 A CA1236793 A CA 1236793A CA 000439138 A CA000439138 A CA 000439138A CA 439138 A CA439138 A CA 439138A CA 1236793 A CA1236793 A CA 1236793A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- density product
- chamber
- admixture
- cylindrical
- dense medium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
- B04C5/24—Multiple arrangement thereof
- B04C5/26—Multiple arrangement thereof for series flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
- B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
- B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
- B03B5/32—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions using centrifugal force
- B03B5/34—Applications of hydrocyclones
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C7/00—Apparatus not provided for in group B04C1/00, B04C3/00, or B04C5/00; Multiple arrangements not provided for in one of the groups B04C1/00, B04C3/00, or B04C5/00; Combinations of apparatus covered by two or more of the groups B04C1/00, B04C3/00, or B04C5/00
Landscapes
- Cyclones (AREA)
- Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
This Invention relates to an apparatus for separating mixtures of solids, In particular mixtures of minerals, Into at least three products of different specific gravity by means of a 5 Single dense medium of substantially unvaried density, comprising a hollow body divided Into at least one pair of communicating consecutive chambers, each provided with tangential and axial conduct is arranged to allow the Introduction and discharge of the products concerned, characterized In that of said pair of chambers one Is substantially conical and the other Is substan--tially cylindrical.
This Invention relates to an apparatus for separating mixtures of solids, In particular mixtures of minerals, Into at least three products of different specific gravity by means of a 5 Single dense medium of substantially unvaried density, comprising a hollow body divided Into at least one pair of communicating consecutive chambers, each provided with tangential and axial conduct is arranged to allow the Introduction and discharge of the products concerned, characterized In that of said pair of chambers one Is substantially conical and the other Is substan--tially cylindrical.
Description
~3~ 7~3 The invention relates to an apparatus Eor separating mix-tures of solids, in particular mixtures of minerals, into at least -three pro-ducts of different specific gravlty by means of a single dense medium of substantially unvaried derl.sity, comprising a hollow body divided into at least one pair of communica-ting consecutive challlbers, each prov:Lded with tangential and a~ L condutis arranged to allow the introduction l~ and discharge of the produc-ts concerned, charac-terised in tha-t of said pair of chambers one is substantially conical and the o-ther is sub-stan-tially cylindrical.
Applicants Canadian Pa-tent Number 1,117,903 issued February ~, 1982 describes an apparatus for separating mixtures of solids of different specific gravi-ty, in particular minerals, comprising a pair of cylindrical chambers in series, into each of which a different density aqueous suspension, defined as -the dense separation medium, is fed in order -to produce
Applicants Canadian Pa-tent Number 1,117,903 issued February ~, 1982 describes an apparatus for separating mixtures of solids of different specific gravi-ty, in particular minerals, comprising a pair of cylindrical chambers in series, into each of which a different density aqueous suspension, defined as -the dense separation medium, is fed in order -to produce
2~ a final separa-tion of the fed mixture into three differen-t products.
'rhe dense medium is known to be generally consti-tuted by all aqueous suspension of a finely ground m:i.neral, such AS magllet:ite, or an alloy, such as Eerrosilicon, able to pro-duce the required separa-tion in a cen-trifugal field.
The presen-t invention produces the sharp separation oE a mixture of -the aforesaid type into at least three d:i.E:Eerent products of dif:Eerent specific gravity by using an apparatus for separa-tion in a centrifugal field which is
'rhe dense medium is known to be generally consti-tuted by all aqueous suspension of a finely ground m:i.neral, such AS magllet:ite, or an alloy, such as Eerrosilicon, able to pro-duce the required separa-tion in a cen-trifugal field.
The presen-t invention produces the sharp separation oE a mixture of -the aforesaid type into at least three d:i.E:Eerent products of dif:Eerent specific gravity by using an apparatus for separa-tion in a centrifugal field which is
3~ ab.Le to operate with a s:ingle dense separa-tion medium wi-thou-t the need to vary the densi.ty oE this la-t-ter. In o-ther words, a s:ingle dense medium of unvaried density is -to be used ins-tead of two different densi-ti-tes as provided by the aforesaid paten-t apE~li.cation in orde:r -to obtain separation into three products.
The fact of operating with a single dense medium of ~nvaried density provides the obvious advan-tage of eonsider-able l~lant simpliEication with eorrespondiny redueed invest-rnent and operating eosts, in comparison witrh the plant provided by the known art involving two dense feed media of different derlsities.
'I'he present invention again reduees the total quan-tity oE derl.c~e med:ium necessary for separ.ation eompared with the known art, so as to ~e able to attain a further reduction in operating :L0 costs, thus saving energy.
The invention also attains a sharper and more precise separation of the final products.
Aeeording to the invention there is provided apparatus for separating mixtures of solids, in particular mix-tures of minerals, into at least -three produc-ts of differen-t specifie gravity by means of a single dense medium of substantially unvaried denstity, eomprising a hollow body divided into at least one pair of eommunieating eonsecutive chambers, each p.rov:ided with tangential and axial conduits arranged to allow the :introduetiorl and diseharge of the products eoncerlled, oE
sai.d pair o.~ chambers one being substantially eonical and the otller substant:ial.ly eylindrieal.
~ ceordi.ng to the present invention therefore there is prov.lcled an auparatus for separating mixtures o.E solicls of d.i.:E.Ee:l-ent speciE.ic gravity :i.nto at least three products of di.E.rererlt spee:i.f:ie gravity by utilizing a single dense mediurn of sl.lbstallt.i.ally unvaried density, eornprising: a body portion; a part:it:ion wall dividing said hollow body into two eonseeutive :E.irst and seeond chambers of substantially conical ancl cylin-3() d:r:i.cal configurations respectively; wherein-the first, concical, ehamber na:rrows i.n a dire~etion away from said partit:ion wall and te:rm:lnates in a high density produet diseharge opening and the '.~
~23~7g3 second, at least substantially cyllndrlcal chamber has a low den-slty product dlscharge openlng at an axlal posltlon remote from sald partltlon wall and there Is further provlded an Intermedlate densl-ty product dlscharge opening for the second cyllndrlcal chamber cllsposed between the partltlon wall and the low denslty product dlscharge openlng; means deflning an openlng For conduct-lng an admlxture through the partltlon wall from the flrst, conl-cal chamber Into the second, cylIndrical chamber; means for Introduclng uncler pressure Into the fIrst, conlcal chamber an admlxture of sollds of cllfferent speclflc gravlty and a slngle dense medlum anc. effectlng separatlon thereof Into a hlgh densl-ty product/dense medlum admlxture whlch dlscharges from the flrst conlcal chamber through sald hlgh denslty product dlscharge open-lng, and a lower denslty product/dense medlum admlxture whlch dlscharges from sald first conIcal chamber through the admlxture conductlng opening and Is thereby Introduced Into the second, cyllndrlcal chamber; means for Introduclng an addltlonal amount of sald slngle dense medlum Into the second, cyllndrlcal chamber whereby to effect further separatlon of the reduced denslty pro-duct/dense medlum admlxture Into an intermedlate denslty pro-duct/dense medlum admlxture and a low denslty product/dense medlum admlxture dlscharges from the second, cyllndrlcal chamber through the low densl~y product dlscharge openlng and the Inter-medlate denslty product/dense medlum admlxture and whereln the 2S low denslty product/dense medlum admlxture dlscharges from the second cyllndrlcal chamber through the Intermedla-te denslty procluct dlscharge openlng, thereby obtalnlng three products of dlfferen-t specl-flc gravlty. Sultably the admlxture Introduclng means Is posltloned adJacent the par-tltlon wall. Preferably the Intermedlate denslty product dlscharge openlng Is posltloned aclJacent sald partltlon wall. Deslrably the conlcal and cylln-drlcal chan1bers are coaxlally arranged.
In one embodIment of the presen-t Inventlon the centre llne axes of the conlcal and cylIndrlcal chambers are offset.
- 2a -~236~3 Desirably said admixture conducting opening comprises a curved passage between the concial and cylindrical chambers.
In anotller embodiment of the present invention the cylindrical chamber is defined by a peripheral wall which is slightly frusto-concial in configura-tion narrowing in a direc-tion toward said partition wall. Suitably the admixture intro-ducing means and the intermediate density product dis~harge open:ings are disposed with axes -thereof -tangential to the coni-cal and cylindrical chambers, respectively. Deslrably the ad-m:ixture introducing means and the intermediate density productdischarge openings are each part of a volute. Preferably -the rnaterial conducting opening and the low density product dis-charge opening each include a short pipe.
In another embodimen-t of the present invention the apparatus further includes a cylindrical chamber immediately adjacent saicl second, cylindrical chamber and an end wall of the lat-ter forming a second partition wall between the two substantially cylindrical chambers, the low density product discharge opening providing a means for conducting an admix-ture through the second partition wall from the second, cylindrical chamber into said further cylindrical chamber, said further cyl:ind:rical chamber having an axial discharge opening for a product having a lowest density, said opening being at a position remote f:rom the second partition wall, and a Eurther cl:ischarge opening Eor a lesser density product from said further cy:L:i.rlcl.rica:l chamber disposed between the second partition wall ar)d sa:id :lowest density product discharge opening, means for introduc:irlg a still further arnount of said single dense rnedium Lnto the further cylindrical chamber whereby to ef:Eect further 30 sepa:rat:ion of said low density product/dense-medium admixture :into a :Lesser density product/dense medium admixture and a lowest density product/dense mediurn admixture; said lowest - 2b -~ ;~3679;:~
density product/dense medium admixture discharging from said further cylindrical chamber through the lowest density product discharge opening; and -~he lesser density product/dense medium admixture discharging from said further cylindrical chamber through the lesser density product discharge opening, whereby an additional product separation of yet different specific gravity is ef~ected by utilizing -the single dense medium.
Within the basic concept of the inven-tion, i.e. of assoc:iating a conical chamber with a cylindrical chamber in 1~ serLes, it is possible in prac-tice to provide various embodi rnents of this apparatus, all with -this basic characteristic.
The characterictics and advantages of the invention and of its various embodiments will be more apparent frorn the description given hereinafter of -these embodiments with ref-erence to the Figures of the accompanying drawings.
These embodiments are in no way to be considered as limitative of the invention and merely illustrate various pos-sible cons-tructional forms.
Figure 1 is an axial longitudinal section -through the apparatuS;
3() B
36~
~i~ure 2 is a cross-section on the line II-II of ~;gure 1.
~i~ur~ 3 ~ a vie~ analogous to that of ~igure 2 but illustrating a modified embodialent.
~i6ures 4, 5, and 6 are vieus analogous to that of Figure 1 but S illustrating a further three embodiments.
Uith refercnce to ~igure 1, an apparatus accordill~ to the invention is constitut,ed by a hollow body 1 divided by ~ transversc ~all 2 into a pair of consecutive chambers 3 and 4, vf ~hich the first is of subst~ntially conical ~orm ~ith a cylindrical portion in proY~imity to the ~all 2, and the second is entirely of cylindrical form, Thc t~o chambers eom~unicatc by ~ay of a tubular conduit 5 disposed in the ~all 2 along the axis o, the bo~y 1.
The ancx of the conical cham~er 3, positioned opposite the ~all 2, is open at f~, whereas at the other end of the body of the apparatus the end of the cylindrical cham~er 4 is provided uith a front ~all 7 in ~hich an a~ial conduit 8 is disposed.
In ~roximity to the transverse ~all 2, both eha~bers are provided with a t~ngentially mounted conduit; namely ~he ch~ber 3 with the ~onduit 9 and the ehamber 4 with the conduit 10~ These eonduits can be either eylindrical pipes which are tan~entially inserted into the body 1 as shown in Figure 2, or pipes which are connected to the ~all of the body 1 by means ~f a volute 2s shown in Fi~ure 3.
An analogous conduit 11 is mounted on the body 1 in proximity to the frollt ~all 7.
The mixture o~ solids to be separated, to~etller with the dense separa~ion medium, is fed through the conduit ~ into the ehamber 3 at a suitable pressure, uhieh is obtained for example by ~eans of a charging vessel or a pump. High-density separation occurs in this chamber~ For exc~nple if the dense medium has a density of 2.6 g/crn , the separation which can be att~ined in the conical ch~nber will be at a density of 2.9-3 gJcm according to the rates at which the output flows are regulated, and the type and particle si~e ~istribution oE the dense medium used. Thus a higher ~Icnsity product leaves the apex 6 of the chamber 3, while a lower density product is also separated in said ch~mber and flows in the axial direc~ion toward~ the chamber 4, into which it penetrates through the conduit 5 together with part of the dense mediurll.
~urther dense mediwn is fed through the conduit 11 and into the chamber 4, so as to induce the separztion in this latter of a first product of higher density thzn that of the mixture fed through 5; said product being discharged through the conduit 10, and a second product of lower density9 which is discharged through the conduit 8.
Thus the apparatus of Figure 1 separates a mixture into three produ~ts, n~nely a product of higher density, a product of inter-~ediate density and a product oE lo~er density.
If separation into four products is re~uired, accordin~ to the lnvention the apparatus shown in Fi~ure ~ is suitable, this differing from that of Figure 1 by the presence of a third chamber 12, oE cyl~ndrical form, provided with a pair of tangential conduits 13 and 1~ and an axial discharge conduit 15 mounted in a front wall 16. In this case, the product of lower density which emerges ~rom the discharge conduit 8 of the chamber 4 acts as the feed to the chamber 12 in which further separation takes place into a ,~
product of higher densi~y which leaves through the discharge conduit 13, and a prnduct oE lower density ~hich i9 discharged through the con~uit 15, Thus four products are obtained fro~ the discharge conduits 6, lO, 13 and 15, and consist of fractions of the Eeed throu~h 9, in decreasing order of density.
The apparatus of Figure 4 can also be advantageously used for the prot1uction of only three 1~roducts by combining the dischar~d products -Erorn lO and 13 into a single product. In this caseJ the separation carried out in 12 represents an irnprovemerlt of that carriec~ out in 4, ie able to recover t1-1ose fractLons of heaYy mineral which, in an apparatus comprising oniy two chamb~r~9 ~1ould be entrained into the axial discharge stream and lost with any tailings.
The arrangement of the apparatus during operation can be as sho~m in Figures l and 2, ie with the lon~itudir~l axis disposed hori70nt-ally, or alternatively ~ith the a~is inclined either with the apex of the conical charnber pointing upwards or w;th it pointing downwards, according to the speciEic separatior. req~?~rements.
A modification of the inv~ntion is shown in Figure 5, in which the hollow bod~ l is of V configuration, with a conLcal charnber 3 communicat;ng with a cylindrical chan1ber ~ by way of a passage conduit 5 provided in an aneular connection piece 17~ of ~Jhich the length and curvature are predetermined in order to lirnit pressure drop of the vortex flow as it passes f~om one cha~nbe~
to the other throush the conduit 5. This modiEication ~as the advantage oE Eacilitating dischargc of the separated products fronl 6 and 8.
~3 _b ~urther modificatlons uith respect to the apparatus of FiEure 5 and to the apparatus of ~igur~ l uhen of inclined l~n~itudinal axis can be attained by reversing the posieionS of the conduit ll for feedin~ dense medium into the cylindrical chamber and the discharge conduit lO for product of intermediate density ~ith respect to the positions shown in said figures, ie by ~ountine thc conduit ~or feedin~ dense medium into the ch~nber in proximity to the trans~erse wall 2 (or an~ular connection ~iecc 17), and mounting the tan~ential product outlet conduit in 1~ proximity to the front uall 7.
A further modific?.tion ~f the invelltion ~s c~o~n b, ~ay Or e,zm?~2 in Figure 6, in ~hich the chamber 4 sli~..ly tapers toh~ards Che centre of the apparatus~ ~his slight c~icity c~n facilitate the discharge of the ~roduct (in the case of t~o-chamber ~np~rz~us) or of the products (in the c~sc of t~rce-chamber apparatus) ~rcm the tangential outlets of the thus tapered cylindrical chamber, ir-that the t2ngential velocity inside the scparators increases between the zones of ~reater diametcr (~here the dense medium is fed) and th~ zones of smaller diamet~r ~ere the tan~ential discharge is located), due to the lau of momer;tum consorvation in vortex motion fluidJ. rGnsequently, and ir. particular ~hen a cons1derable ~uantity o~ product is to be discharged tan6~nti211y, this arranGement can r~sult in improved operatio~ of the apparatus.
.. .. . .. .. . . . .. . ... _ . . . . .. .
~;~36~33 l~n ~ he afore~;oinr examples~ S)-e dischar~;e port provided at the apex of the conical ch~mber can be of adjustable diameter. Tl,e tan~ential discharge co~uits for the intermediate density prc~ucts fror~ the cylindrical chambers can be adjustable 5 both ~ terms of diameter and in terrDs of the back-pressure applied to them for the correct operation of the apparatus.
FroTn thc afore~oinG descri~tion, it is alJparent that thc invention effectively attains the stat~d objects.
Firstly, it is possible to use a single dense medium of substantially 1~ unvaried dcnsity. The m~in reason ~or this is that the density at which scpzratioll occurs in the conical chamber is higher than that of the dense medium fed, ~hereas in the cylindrical charnber ~t is approximatelY equal to that of the dcnse mcdi~.
~oreover, because the conical ch~ber requircs a volume of dense 15 medi~D which is less th~n that of the ~ylindrical chamb~r, the total qUalltity of dense medium necessary is less than in the kno~n - art.
}urtherrnore, ~he separation accGrdinG to thc invention can be more p~ecise, especially uhen the cylindrical cyclorle ~hich normally 20 constitutcs the first stace eives a high proportion of finished pr~duct, so that the residual ~raction to be separated in the second sta~e is reduced, ~ith conscquent SCparatiGn improvement.
The apparatus of the invention can also be used with dense rnedia of diffelent densities.
The fact of operating with a single dense medium of ~nvaried density provides the obvious advan-tage of eonsider-able l~lant simpliEication with eorrespondiny redueed invest-rnent and operating eosts, in comparison witrh the plant provided by the known art involving two dense feed media of different derlsities.
'I'he present invention again reduees the total quan-tity oE derl.c~e med:ium necessary for separ.ation eompared with the known art, so as to ~e able to attain a further reduction in operating :L0 costs, thus saving energy.
The invention also attains a sharper and more precise separation of the final products.
Aeeording to the invention there is provided apparatus for separating mixtures of solids, in particular mix-tures of minerals, into at least -three produc-ts of differen-t specifie gravity by means of a single dense medium of substantially unvaried denstity, eomprising a hollow body divided into at least one pair of eommunieating eonsecutive chambers, each p.rov:ided with tangential and axial conduits arranged to allow the :introduetiorl and diseharge of the products eoncerlled, oE
sai.d pair o.~ chambers one being substantially eonical and the otller substant:ial.ly eylindrieal.
~ ceordi.ng to the present invention therefore there is prov.lcled an auparatus for separating mixtures o.E solicls of d.i.:E.Ee:l-ent speciE.ic gravity :i.nto at least three products of di.E.rererlt spee:i.f:ie gravity by utilizing a single dense mediurn of sl.lbstallt.i.ally unvaried density, eornprising: a body portion; a part:it:ion wall dividing said hollow body into two eonseeutive :E.irst and seeond chambers of substantially conical ancl cylin-3() d:r:i.cal configurations respectively; wherein-the first, concical, ehamber na:rrows i.n a dire~etion away from said partit:ion wall and te:rm:lnates in a high density produet diseharge opening and the '.~
~23~7g3 second, at least substantially cyllndrlcal chamber has a low den-slty product dlscharge openlng at an axlal posltlon remote from sald partltlon wall and there Is further provlded an Intermedlate densl-ty product dlscharge opening for the second cyllndrlcal chamber cllsposed between the partltlon wall and the low denslty product dlscharge openlng; means deflning an openlng For conduct-lng an admlxture through the partltlon wall from the flrst, conl-cal chamber Into the second, cylIndrical chamber; means for Introduclng uncler pressure Into the fIrst, conlcal chamber an admlxture of sollds of cllfferent speclflc gravlty and a slngle dense medlum anc. effectlng separatlon thereof Into a hlgh densl-ty product/dense medlum admlxture whlch dlscharges from the flrst conlcal chamber through sald hlgh denslty product dlscharge open-lng, and a lower denslty product/dense medlum admlxture whlch dlscharges from sald first conIcal chamber through the admlxture conductlng opening and Is thereby Introduced Into the second, cyllndrlcal chamber; means for Introduclng an addltlonal amount of sald slngle dense medlum Into the second, cyllndrlcal chamber whereby to effect further separatlon of the reduced denslty pro-duct/dense medlum admlxture Into an intermedlate denslty pro-duct/dense medlum admlxture and a low denslty product/dense medlum admlxture dlscharges from the second, cyllndrlcal chamber through the low densl~y product dlscharge openlng and the Inter-medlate denslty product/dense medlum admlxture and whereln the 2S low denslty product/dense medlum admlxture dlscharges from the second cyllndrlcal chamber through the Intermedla-te denslty procluct dlscharge openlng, thereby obtalnlng three products of dlfferen-t specl-flc gravlty. Sultably the admlxture Introduclng means Is posltloned adJacent the par-tltlon wall. Preferably the Intermedlate denslty product dlscharge openlng Is posltloned aclJacent sald partltlon wall. Deslrably the conlcal and cylln-drlcal chan1bers are coaxlally arranged.
In one embodIment of the presen-t Inventlon the centre llne axes of the conlcal and cylIndrlcal chambers are offset.
- 2a -~236~3 Desirably said admixture conducting opening comprises a curved passage between the concial and cylindrical chambers.
In anotller embodiment of the present invention the cylindrical chamber is defined by a peripheral wall which is slightly frusto-concial in configura-tion narrowing in a direc-tion toward said partition wall. Suitably the admixture intro-ducing means and the intermediate density product dis~harge open:ings are disposed with axes -thereof -tangential to the coni-cal and cylindrical chambers, respectively. Deslrably the ad-m:ixture introducing means and the intermediate density productdischarge openings are each part of a volute. Preferably -the rnaterial conducting opening and the low density product dis-charge opening each include a short pipe.
In another embodimen-t of the present invention the apparatus further includes a cylindrical chamber immediately adjacent saicl second, cylindrical chamber and an end wall of the lat-ter forming a second partition wall between the two substantially cylindrical chambers, the low density product discharge opening providing a means for conducting an admix-ture through the second partition wall from the second, cylindrical chamber into said further cylindrical chamber, said further cyl:ind:rical chamber having an axial discharge opening for a product having a lowest density, said opening being at a position remote f:rom the second partition wall, and a Eurther cl:ischarge opening Eor a lesser density product from said further cy:L:i.rlcl.rica:l chamber disposed between the second partition wall ar)d sa:id :lowest density product discharge opening, means for introduc:irlg a still further arnount of said single dense rnedium Lnto the further cylindrical chamber whereby to ef:Eect further 30 sepa:rat:ion of said low density product/dense-medium admixture :into a :Lesser density product/dense medium admixture and a lowest density product/dense mediurn admixture; said lowest - 2b -~ ;~3679;:~
density product/dense medium admixture discharging from said further cylindrical chamber through the lowest density product discharge opening; and -~he lesser density product/dense medium admixture discharging from said further cylindrical chamber through the lesser density product discharge opening, whereby an additional product separation of yet different specific gravity is ef~ected by utilizing -the single dense medium.
Within the basic concept of the inven-tion, i.e. of assoc:iating a conical chamber with a cylindrical chamber in 1~ serLes, it is possible in prac-tice to provide various embodi rnents of this apparatus, all with -this basic characteristic.
The characterictics and advantages of the invention and of its various embodiments will be more apparent frorn the description given hereinafter of -these embodiments with ref-erence to the Figures of the accompanying drawings.
These embodiments are in no way to be considered as limitative of the invention and merely illustrate various pos-sible cons-tructional forms.
Figure 1 is an axial longitudinal section -through the apparatuS;
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~i~ure 2 is a cross-section on the line II-II of ~;gure 1.
~i~ur~ 3 ~ a vie~ analogous to that of ~igure 2 but illustrating a modified embodialent.
~i6ures 4, 5, and 6 are vieus analogous to that of Figure 1 but S illustrating a further three embodiments.
Uith refercnce to ~igure 1, an apparatus accordill~ to the invention is constitut,ed by a hollow body 1 divided by ~ transversc ~all 2 into a pair of consecutive chambers 3 and 4, vf ~hich the first is of subst~ntially conical ~orm ~ith a cylindrical portion in proY~imity to the ~all 2, and the second is entirely of cylindrical form, Thc t~o chambers eom~unicatc by ~ay of a tubular conduit 5 disposed in the ~all 2 along the axis o, the bo~y 1.
The ancx of the conical cham~er 3, positioned opposite the ~all 2, is open at f~, whereas at the other end of the body of the apparatus the end of the cylindrical cham~er 4 is provided uith a front ~all 7 in ~hich an a~ial conduit 8 is disposed.
In ~roximity to the transverse ~all 2, both eha~bers are provided with a t~ngentially mounted conduit; namely ~he ch~ber 3 with the ~onduit 9 and the ehamber 4 with the conduit 10~ These eonduits can be either eylindrical pipes which are tan~entially inserted into the body 1 as shown in Figure 2, or pipes which are connected to the ~all of the body 1 by means ~f a volute 2s shown in Fi~ure 3.
An analogous conduit 11 is mounted on the body 1 in proximity to the frollt ~all 7.
The mixture o~ solids to be separated, to~etller with the dense separa~ion medium, is fed through the conduit ~ into the ehamber 3 at a suitable pressure, uhieh is obtained for example by ~eans of a charging vessel or a pump. High-density separation occurs in this chamber~ For exc~nple if the dense medium has a density of 2.6 g/crn , the separation which can be att~ined in the conical ch~nber will be at a density of 2.9-3 gJcm according to the rates at which the output flows are regulated, and the type and particle si~e ~istribution oE the dense medium used. Thus a higher ~Icnsity product leaves the apex 6 of the chamber 3, while a lower density product is also separated in said ch~mber and flows in the axial direc~ion toward~ the chamber 4, into which it penetrates through the conduit 5 together with part of the dense mediurll.
~urther dense mediwn is fed through the conduit 11 and into the chamber 4, so as to induce the separztion in this latter of a first product of higher density thzn that of the mixture fed through 5; said product being discharged through the conduit 10, and a second product of lower density9 which is discharged through the conduit 8.
Thus the apparatus of Figure 1 separates a mixture into three produ~ts, n~nely a product of higher density, a product of inter-~ediate density and a product oE lo~er density.
If separation into four products is re~uired, accordin~ to the lnvention the apparatus shown in Fi~ure ~ is suitable, this differing from that of Figure 1 by the presence of a third chamber 12, oE cyl~ndrical form, provided with a pair of tangential conduits 13 and 1~ and an axial discharge conduit 15 mounted in a front wall 16. In this case, the product of lower density which emerges ~rom the discharge conduit 8 of the chamber 4 acts as the feed to the chamber 12 in which further separation takes place into a ,~
product of higher densi~y which leaves through the discharge conduit 13, and a prnduct oE lower density ~hich i9 discharged through the con~uit 15, Thus four products are obtained fro~ the discharge conduits 6, lO, 13 and 15, and consist of fractions of the Eeed throu~h 9, in decreasing order of density.
The apparatus of Figure 4 can also be advantageously used for the prot1uction of only three 1~roducts by combining the dischar~d products -Erorn lO and 13 into a single product. In this caseJ the separation carried out in 12 represents an irnprovemerlt of that carriec~ out in 4, ie able to recover t1-1ose fractLons of heaYy mineral which, in an apparatus comprising oniy two chamb~r~9 ~1ould be entrained into the axial discharge stream and lost with any tailings.
The arrangement of the apparatus during operation can be as sho~m in Figures l and 2, ie with the lon~itudir~l axis disposed hori70nt-ally, or alternatively ~ith the a~is inclined either with the apex of the conical charnber pointing upwards or w;th it pointing downwards, according to the speciEic separatior. req~?~rements.
A modification of the inv~ntion is shown in Figure 5, in which the hollow bod~ l is of V configuration, with a conLcal charnber 3 communicat;ng with a cylindrical chan1ber ~ by way of a passage conduit 5 provided in an aneular connection piece 17~ of ~Jhich the length and curvature are predetermined in order to lirnit pressure drop of the vortex flow as it passes f~om one cha~nbe~
to the other throush the conduit 5. This modiEication ~as the advantage oE Eacilitating dischargc of the separated products fronl 6 and 8.
~3 _b ~urther modificatlons uith respect to the apparatus of FiEure 5 and to the apparatus of ~igur~ l uhen of inclined l~n~itudinal axis can be attained by reversing the posieionS of the conduit ll for feedin~ dense medium into the cylindrical chamber and the discharge conduit lO for product of intermediate density ~ith respect to the positions shown in said figures, ie by ~ountine thc conduit ~or feedin~ dense medium into the ch~nber in proximity to the trans~erse wall 2 (or an~ular connection ~iecc 17), and mounting the tan~ential product outlet conduit in 1~ proximity to the front uall 7.
A further modific?.tion ~f the invelltion ~s c~o~n b, ~ay Or e,zm?~2 in Figure 6, in ~hich the chamber 4 sli~..ly tapers toh~ards Che centre of the apparatus~ ~his slight c~icity c~n facilitate the discharge of the ~roduct (in the case of t~o-chamber ~np~rz~us) or of the products (in the c~sc of t~rce-chamber apparatus) ~rcm the tangential outlets of the thus tapered cylindrical chamber, ir-that the t2ngential velocity inside the scparators increases between the zones of ~reater diametcr (~here the dense medium is fed) and th~ zones of smaller diamet~r ~ere the tan~ential discharge is located), due to the lau of momer;tum consorvation in vortex motion fluidJ. rGnsequently, and ir. particular ~hen a cons1derable ~uantity o~ product is to be discharged tan6~nti211y, this arranGement can r~sult in improved operatio~ of the apparatus.
.. .. . .. .. . . . .. . ... _ . . . . .. .
~;~36~33 l~n ~ he afore~;oinr examples~ S)-e dischar~;e port provided at the apex of the conical ch~mber can be of adjustable diameter. Tl,e tan~ential discharge co~uits for the intermediate density prc~ucts fror~ the cylindrical chambers can be adjustable 5 both ~ terms of diameter and in terrDs of the back-pressure applied to them for the correct operation of the apparatus.
FroTn thc afore~oinG descri~tion, it is alJparent that thc invention effectively attains the stat~d objects.
Firstly, it is possible to use a single dense medium of substantially 1~ unvaried dcnsity. The m~in reason ~or this is that the density at which scpzratioll occurs in the conical chamber is higher than that of the dense medium fed, ~hereas in the cylindrical charnber ~t is approximatelY equal to that of the dcnse mcdi~.
~oreover, because the conical ch~ber requircs a volume of dense 15 medi~D which is less th~n that of the ~ylindrical chamb~r, the total qUalltity of dense medium necessary is less than in the kno~n - art.
}urtherrnore, ~he separation accGrdinG to thc invention can be more p~ecise, especially uhen the cylindrical cyclorle ~hich normally 20 constitutcs the first stace eives a high proportion of finished pr~duct, so that the residual ~raction to be separated in the second sta~e is reduced, ~ith conscquent SCparatiGn improvement.
The apparatus of the invention can also be used with dense rnedia of diffelent densities.
Claims (11)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An apparatus for separating mixtures of solids of different specific gravity Into at least three products of dif-ferent specific gravity by utilizing a single dense medium of substantially unvaried density, comprising: a body portion; a partition wall dividing said hollow body Into two consecutive first and second chambers of substantially conical and cal configuratlon respectively wherein the first, conical, cham-ber narrows In a direction away from said partition wall and ter-minates in a high density product discharge opening and the sec-ond, at least substantially cylindrical, chamber has a low den-sity product discharge opening at an axial position remote from said partition wall and there Is further provided an Intermediate density product discharge opening for the second cylindrical chamber disposed between the partition wall and the low density product discharge opening; means defining an opening for conduct-ing an admixture through the partition wall from the first, conl-cal chamber Into the second, cylindrical, chamber; means for Introducing under pressure Into the first,conical chamber an admixture of solids of different specific gravity and a single dense medium and effecting separation thereof Into a high density product/dense medium admixture which discharges from the first conical chamber through said high density product discharge open-ing, and a lower density product/dense medium admixture which discharges from said first conical chamber through the admixture conducting opening and Is thereby Introduced Into the second, cylindrical, chamber; means for Introducing an additional amount of said single dense medium Into the second, cylindrical, chamber whereby to effect further separation of the reduced density product/dense medium admixture into an intermediate density product/dense medium admixture and a low density product/dense medium admixture, and wherein the low density product/dense medium admixture discharges from the second, cylindrical,chamber through the low density product discharge opening and the intermediate density product/dense medium admixture discharges from the second cylindrical chamber through the intermediate density product discharge opening, thereby obtaining three products of different specific gravity.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the admixture introducing means is positioned adjacent the partition wall.
3. Apparatus as claimed in either one of claims 1 and 2 wherein the intermediate density product discharge opening is positioned adjacent said partition wall.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the conical and cylindrical chambers are co-axially arranged.
5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the centre line axes of the conical and cylindrical chambers are offset.
6. The apparatus as defined in claim 5, wherein said admixture conducting opening comprises a curved passage between the conical and cylindrical chambers.
7. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the cylindrical chamber is defined by a peripheral wall which is slightly frusto-conical in configuration narrowing in a direction toward said partition wall.
8. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the admixture introducing means and the intermediate density product discharge openings are disposed with axes thereof tangential to the conical and cylindrical chambers respectively.
9. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the admixture introducing means and the intermediate density product discharge openings are each part of a volute.
10. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the material conducting opening and the low density product discharge opening each include a short pipe.
11. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 including a further cylindrical chamber immediately adjacent said second, cylindrical chamber and an end wall of the latter forming a second partition wall between the two substantially cylindrical chambers, the low density product discharge opening providing a means for conducting an admixture through the second partition wall from the second, cylindrical, chamber into said further cylindrical chamber, said further cylindrical chamber having an axial discharge opening for a product having a lowest density; said opening being at a position remote from the second partition wall, and a further discharge opening for a lesser`density product from said further cylindrical chamber disposed between the second partition wall and said lowest density product discharge opening, means for introducing a still further amount of said single dense medium into the further cylindrical chamber whereby to effect further separation of said low density product/dense medium admixture into a lesser density product/dense medium admixture and a lowest density product/dense medium admixture; said lowest density product/dense medium admixture discharging from said further cylindrical chamber through the lowest density product discharge opening; and the lesser density product/dense medium admixture discharging from said further cylindrical chamber through the lesser density product discharge opening, whereby an additional product separation of yet different specific gravity is effected by utilizing the single dense medium.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT23790A/82 | 1982-10-18 | ||
| IT23790/82A IT1152915B (en) | 1982-10-18 | 1982-10-18 | APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING SOLID MIXTURES, IN PARTICULAR MINERAL MIXTURES, AT LEAST THREE PRODUCTS OF DIFFERENT SPECIFIC WEIGHT |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1236793A true CA1236793A (en) | 1988-05-17 |
Family
ID=11210015
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000439138A Expired CA1236793A (en) | 1982-10-18 | 1983-10-17 | Hydrocyclone with lights outlet whirlpool cleaning means |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU567516B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1236793A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3337862A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2128905B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1152915B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA837699B (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1139273B (en) * | 1981-10-22 | 1986-09-24 | Prominco Srl | PROCEDURE FOR DYNAMIC SEPARATION BY MEANS OF MIXTURES OF MATERIALS, SUCH AS MINERALS FOR EXAMPLE, WITH DIFFERENT SPECIFIC WEIGHT, AND PLANT TO IMPLEMENT IT |
| FI74894C (en) * | 1984-03-19 | 1988-04-11 | Enso Gutzeit Oy | DUBBELHYDROCYKLON. |
| IT1175717B (en) * | 1984-09-13 | 1987-07-15 | Prominco Srl | MULTI-STAGE SEPARATOR APPARATUS FOR THE SEPARATION OF MIXTURES OF SOLIDS OF DIFFERENT SPECIFIC WEIGHT, PARTICULARLY FOR THE MINING INDUSTRY |
| GB8429933D0 (en) * | 1984-11-27 | 1985-01-03 | Coal Industry Patents Ltd | Cyclone separator means |
| US4857175A (en) * | 1987-07-09 | 1989-08-15 | Teleco Oilfield Services Inc. | Centrifugal debris catcher |
| EP0776686B1 (en) * | 1995-12-01 | 2002-01-16 | ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company | Multi-stage gas/solids separator and process |
| ITGE20110049A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2012-10-29 | Ecomin S R L | METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR PARTICLE SEPARATION |
| US20210284552A1 (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2021-09-16 | Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Support | Vortex grit removal apparatus with eddy generator |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE473052A (en) * | 1945-07-23 | |||
| BE488454A (en) * | 1948-04-14 | |||
| GB893764A (en) * | 1958-05-01 | 1962-04-11 | Charles Augustus Mcclure | Process and apparatus for centrifugal classification and separation of solid particles in liquid medium |
| DE1259261B (en) * | 1967-06-27 | 1968-01-25 | Inst Gorjuchikh Iskopaemykh | Process for processing bulk material and equipment for carrying out the process |
| DE2024885A1 (en) * | 1970-05-22 | 1971-12-02 | MOC Werkzeuge, Apparatebau Peter Danner, 7030 Böblingen | Separation cyclone |
| IT1086466B (en) * | 1977-09-06 | 1985-05-28 | Guarascio Massimo | CYLINDRICAL SEPARATOR APPARATUS FOR THE SEPARATION OF MIXTURES OF SOLIDS OF DIFFERENT SPECIFIC LOSS, ESPECIALLY FOR THE MINING INDUSTRY |
-
1982
- 1982-10-18 IT IT23790/82A patent/IT1152915B/en active
-
1983
- 1983-10-14 GB GB08327571A patent/GB2128905B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-10-17 CA CA000439138A patent/CA1236793A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-10-17 ZA ZA837699A patent/ZA837699B/en unknown
- 1983-10-18 DE DE19833337862 patent/DE3337862A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-10-18 AU AU20285/83A patent/AU567516B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2028583A (en) | 1984-05-03 |
| GB2128905A (en) | 1984-05-10 |
| GB8327571D0 (en) | 1983-11-16 |
| ZA837699B (en) | 1984-06-27 |
| GB2128905B (en) | 1986-08-13 |
| AU567516B2 (en) | 1987-11-26 |
| IT8223790A0 (en) | 1982-10-18 |
| DE3337862A1 (en) | 1984-04-19 |
| IT1152915B (en) | 1987-01-14 |
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| MKEX | Expiry |