CA1217882A - Method of and apparatus for the continuous nondestructive monitoring of continuously movable band material - Google Patents
Method of and apparatus for the continuous nondestructive monitoring of continuously movable band materialInfo
- Publication number
- CA1217882A CA1217882A CA000458875A CA458875A CA1217882A CA 1217882 A CA1217882 A CA 1217882A CA 000458875 A CA000458875 A CA 000458875A CA 458875 A CA458875 A CA 458875A CA 1217882 A CA1217882 A CA 1217882A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 8
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- ODPOAESBSUKMHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-b:1',2'-e]pyrazine-5,8-diium;dibromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].C1=CC=[N+]2CC[N+]3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 ODPOAESBSUKMHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000005630 Diquat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001163743 Perlodes Species 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 241000905957 Channa melasoma Species 0.000 description 1
- 101150084935 PTER gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- YVPYQUNUQOZFHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N amidotrizoic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=C(I)C(NC(C)=O)=C(I)C(C(O)=O)=C1I YVPYQUNUQOZFHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
- G01N23/043—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using fluoroscopic examination, with visual observation or video transmission of fluoroscopic images
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
A nondestructive method and apparatus for the testing of continuous bands such as high-speed mining conveyor bands utilizes a pulsed operation of the penetrating radiation source with the pulse duration coordinated to the speed of the band and to the width of the radiation cone in the direction of band movement such that for each increment of length of the band corresponding to this width, a plurality of images are formed in succession upon the fluorescent screen. A video camera picks up these images which are then stored so that flaw detection can be effected visually or automatically on an image-by-image basis.
Description
M~OD.OF
~PECIFICATIO~
My pre3ent lnventlon rel~te~ to ~ method o~ and to an apparatu~ for the contlnuous nonde~tructlve testlng of contLnuously mova~le b~nd or ~trlp materi~l, e.g. webs 3uch as ~onv~yor belt~, ~nd, mo~e purticulArly, to a m~tho~ o~ and ~n appnratu~ for ~he r~latlon monltorlng of ~uch b~nds.
~_ It 1~ ~requ~ntly nec~ssary to utilize nondestruatlve te6tlng ~ethod~ to monitor th~ lntegrl~y o~ contlnuously moving wobs o mat~rial, a.g. conveyor belt~ and par~icul~rly conveyor beltA u~ed ln mlning ~pplloatlons. Such nond~structlv~ monitoeing o bana~ whllo thoy are contlnuou31y movlng, ~y be amployed ln con~unct~on wlth ths manu~cture of ~uch bands followlng m~nu~Ac ture and ~A plrt of a te6tlng prog~am or, ~o~t commonly, ln con~unctlon wlth th~ use of such bands to ensU~e that they retain tholr lnte~lty.
Th~ ea~ lura of a hlgh-c~p~city mlning conv~yor b61t can pos~ ~ signl~lcant dang~r to the operating personnel, can result in '~
con~ld~r~blo ~owntl~e At bokh end~ of tha b~lt, ~n~ may r~nult ln 0uah Aa~ag~ to tho sy~t~m th~t the cleAnup ~n~ repalr ~re ~xtrem~ly cxp~n~lva and tl~e aon~umlng.
~in~ ~onv~or ~elt~, ~or exampl~, oper~te ~t ~p~ up to S ~y 7 m/e~c and the monltorlng o the lnte~rlty o~ such belts mu~t be a~compll~h~d contlnuou~ly At these high speed~.
~t l~ known to monltor the lntegrity of conveyor belt~ by the u~ o~ pen~tr~tlng r~diat~on ~nd to dlsplRy the X r~y or roentgonogrAph lmage upon ~ fluoroscent screen.
In general, at such ~peeas the lm~ga tend~ to blur ~nd de~ects, e~pec~lly lf comparatlvely ~mAll or at ~n lnciplQnt st~e~ may b~ ov~rlooke~.
0~
Yt 1B, therefore, the prlncipal ob~ec~ Oe the preBent lnventlon to provlde an improved method of nonde~tructlvely monitorlng ~ contlnuou~ly moving ob~ect, e~p~clally a conveyor b~lt, whereby the ~lsa~v~ntngea of earller system~ ~r~ obviated and especl~lly th~ dls~dv&nt~ges o~ o~rllar ~ystem~ utlll~lng penetra~-in~ rAdl~tion ~nd screen aispl~y are elimlna~ed.
2G ~t 13 Also ~n object of thls lnvention to provld~ a mcthod of monltorln~ ~ligh-spee4 mln~ng conveyor belt~ for lnte~rity and ~l~wc which will allow early de~e~tlon o~ fl~w~ ln a rell~bl~ w~y.
Yet ~nothor ob~ect of thls lnvention iB to provlde an l~proved ~pparatu~ for the nonde~ttuc~ive monltoring of the int~grlty of ~ hlgh-spsed minlng conveyor belt or simil~r oontlnuou~ly moving ob~ect.
L2~
~ho~ obJ0c~s and oth~ra whlch will bec~mq appar~n~
h~roln~ter ~re ~ttAln~d, ln Accord~nae with th0 pse00nt lnv~ntlon, ln ~ m~tho~ ~Ihlch invo1ves the form~tlon o~ aucc~ive dlsarot~
lm~e~ by p~netr~ting lrr~dl~tlon o~ the contlnuously movlng ~tl~
Th~ lnv~ntlon thu~ co~prlses A method o~ contlnuously and no~de~tructlvely te~tlng ~ contlnuoualy movlng ~rtlcl0 or workploce, ~ap~cially a conveyor belt movlng wl~h a veloclty v~
(band ~locity~ by dlrect~ng a cone of penetratlng ra~l~tlon thar~thtough ~nd collectlng the pen~ratlng radl~tlon on the oppo81t~ al~a o~ th~ bfind, the r~dlatlon cone havlng a wldth b ln the dlrectlon of move~ent o~ the bnnd whlch generally can be about 60 om, oommonly i8 ~pproxi~tely equal to the wldth of the b~nd, but ~ay ~evlate ln elther c~se. ~he band gener~lly will be minln~ conYoyor ~e1t movlng ~t speed3 up to 7 m~s~c ~s indlaated.
According to the inventlon the lm~ge~ form~d directly on a tluorc0c~nt screen, i~ picked up by a vldeo camera nnd le electron-ic~lly ~tor~d.
I have found that lt i8 po~slble to rssolve ~he contlnuous ~onitorlng ~f th~ belt lnto ~ Bucc~s3ion of indlvldua1 lmage~ by pu~aln~ tha radlatlon ~ource wlth ~ trAln o~ pu1se~ at a erequency f hcvlng ~ perlod T utilizlng lndivldual pulses o~ a pul~e durstlon tI whlch is Jub3tantl~11y less than the period ~ of the3e pu18~9, the pU180 duration tI belng 80 se1ected th~t the product VB~
~m~ll wlth ~e~pect to the deslr~d resolutlon, and the quotlent v~f i8 ~mAll rel~tive to the wldth b of the radlation cone o~ the strlp.
~lncc each pulac cre~t~ ~n in~t~ntan~ou~ lmA~J~ un th~
fluor~cent screon, lnMt~ntaneou~ lmag~ ~ce pick~d up by th~ vld~o aAmor~ ~n~ ~r2 el~ctronlcDlly stor~d in ~n 01~atronlc m~mory or a~orAge whl~h likewi~e is pu1~ed synchronou~ly wlth the pul~lng o~
tho r~ ion ~ou~ce.
According to a ~eature of thc inventlon, the r~dlatlon ~ourc~ 1~ n ro~ntgsn tube or X r~y tube oper~ting ln ~ stroblng modc 80 th~t the pul3e dtive of the radl~tlon ~oUYCe lo effected by a corre~ponding Inverse voltAge, blocking voltage or blasing pot~ntl~l ln ths ~orm o~ pu1~d hlgh voltags. ~he rocntg~n 30urce thuo ~unctlonc ~8 ~n X r~y fl~sh l~mp.
N~tus~ , I c~n ~180 opqrate wlth ~ ga~ma radi~tlon ~ource utlllzlng a materL~l whlch constantly emlt2 gamma radlætlon ænd ~hlch pa~ae9 thl~ radlatlon At pulse~ lnterYals a8 controlled by ~ rota~ing ~hutter, the ~lndowR of which deflne the pulse duration~ ~I whlle the radlatlon ~hl~ldlng reglon~ between the wlndowa tc~lne the balance of ths perlcd T.
~n 3ub~tantlally all ca3es the impu1se duratlon t~ will be small by co~par~on to tha perlod ~, l.e. tI ~ay range fro~ O.OOlT
to c~y 0.10~. ~hl~ facllltate~ the plckup of the ~luorescent ~c~een l~a~ by the vldeo c~mera.
~h~ elec~ronlc storage ~hich can be u~d cæn be ~ny whlch may b~ o~ployad ln modern electronic techno10gy and c4n lnclude la~r dlsk, mægnetlc tape, magnetic dlsk, and 6torage e~en ln flxed mcmorl~s ~uch ~8 bubble memorles and the 1lke utlllzing con~ent~on-A1 dlglt~l methods. ~he secor~ing In ~11 C~8fl~, howevor 18 effeats~ ln synchroni~m wlth the energizatlon Oe the aource.
U~r th0 condltlon~ 0et 20rth A~OV~ and, ln goner~ or o~ch portion of thH lcngth of the b~nd corr~ponAln~ to th~ wl~th b of th~ latlon aona in th~ diractlon Oe movemont of th~ bAnd~ a numb~r oe p~netratlng-rAdiatlon lmage~ wlll ho ~o~me~ ~o th~t pr~ctlc~lly every are~ o~ the b~nd wlll be rq~re~ented by an i~age ~o ~n~ble ~e~ect ~etectlon thereln.
~h0 ~luorescont screen l~ge can be improv~d by th~ UB0 of lm~ mpliElsr~ ln the vldeo camer~. or for~ed ~ part of the fluore~cont ~aroan.
sA~lcally tho lmage ~uratlon tI la determlned by the d~clr~d r~olutlon or resolvlng power of about 1 mm ln ~h~
dlrectlon o movement of the b~nd, Pre~erably, the pulse duration tI ~hould not exceed ~bout 150 microRecond~ ~nd tI ~hould not ~xce~d 0.004~. The peclod ~ and thus the pulse frequoncy f er0 de~erml~cd by the lm~ge rate to be produc~d by the vidco camera and o~n be 2S lmagsa p~r second. When each fla~h of the roentgen tube pXO~UOC8 each image, the fraquency at whlch the ~ourc~ and the came~a wlll bo ~ynchronlz~d will be 2; h~rtz and ~or a band speed o~ 7 m/~, aach lncremant of 2~0 mm ln length will re~ult in a new lmag~, theroby cn~urlng co~sldarable overlap between the lmagas.
~y breaking down the ~onltoring of the b~nd lnto dlscrete lmagdd whlch are autom~tlcally eecorded, I ~m able to vl~u~lly or autom~tlc~lly revLaw the lmage6 wlthout blurring and without ~ny of th~ other drdwback~ whlch have characterized earlier nondestru~tlve monltorinq ~ystems u~lng penetratln~ radiation. ~he detection of de~octs 1~ ~o~e p~oci~e ~nd can be carried out utlli~lng ~tand~rd ~l~ctronl~ co~onent~.
~h~ ~bo~e ~nd o~har ob~ect~, ~eature~ ~n~ ~dv~nt~g~ w11l b~come mor~ re~Ally ~pp~r0nt ~rom the ~ollowing de~orl~tlon, r~foronc~ bolng m~d~ to th0 scaompanylng ~wlng ln whloh:
FIG, l 1~ A dl~gr~mma~lc p~r~pective vlew ~chem~tlcally lllustratlng th~ lnventLon;
YlG. 2 la ~ graph ln whlch intenslty o the pulae ~ouroe 19 plottod agaln~t tlme ~oc u_e wlth tho sy~tem o~ PIG. 1J and FIG. 3 i0 a view sl~ilar to ~G. 1 ~howlng another ombodlment o~ thi~ lnventlon.
Specl~lc De~ E~tlon ~he appar~tu1 3hown in FIG. l for c~rryln~ out the method o~ th~ lnventlon comprlses a roentgenogr~phlc unlt repre~nted by conventlonal X ray tube, tl8po8e~ on one B~e of th~ ~th of the lj contl~u~usly movlng wockplece, i.e. a mlning conveyor b~lt gener~lly rspr~ented at 7, The mean~ for movlng thlR conveyor belt w~th th~ veloclty vB 1~ ~epre~ented dlagr~mmatlc~lly at 9 Rnd c~n lnclu~o ~ motor drlve 9A wh~ch 1~ synchronis~d with the pulse g~norator 6 whlch wlll be dascrlb~d further b~low.
on the opposi~e ~ide of the workplece path, close to the 'J sur~ace of the workpL~ce, there 18 provided a fluoroscent ~cr~en 2 whlch 1~ connected by Qn lm~ge lnten~lfler or a~pl1~1er 3 to a ~l~eo c~mec~ 4. I~age lntenslfl~r~ ~or ~uch ~cr~nB ~re woll known ln the ~rt ~e~ ch~pter 8, page 19, ~andbook of X~ , by ~aelble, ~oGr~w ~111 Book Co., NQW YOrk, 1967 ) .
A recordln~ unlt 5, shown to be of the m~gn~tlc t~po type, 1~ connscte~ to th~ vld~s cnm~r~. Ths vldeo cAm~e~ 4~ th~ ~eoorder or momory 5 ~nd the ro0n~g~n soura~ 1 ~r~ connect~fl ~or uynchronlz~
tlan by tho power ~UPply 6 whlch genar~to~ th~ ~ule~s oparatlng the tUb~ 1 ~6 ~ ~la~h t~be.
~B notad, the workpl~ce band ~ mov~ ~t A ve1oclty vB
whll~ the ~oontgen ~ource haJ a cone o~ penetrAtlng radlatlon ~8 rap~osented at 8 wlth ~ wldth In the dlrectlon o~ bAnd movement r~precent~d by the arrow as can be seen at b and a~ 19 measured at th~ ~ur~ce o~ the band or at the lmmedlately ~d~oinlng sur~ace of ths ~luore~cent screon. ~hq pul9e9 generated by tha sourca 6 h~ve pulsfl durstlons tI~ a p~rioD T and a pulse ~r~quency do~in0d by ~hl~ p~rlod of ~.
~IG. 2 ~how~ the lntensity of the pulse appllQd to the rosntga~ tub~ nlong the ordlnate plotted again~t tlme along the ab~ci~ for ~h~ period ~, the pul6e duration tI belng ~hown ~or the pul~e t. By synchronizlng the motor 9 wlth the ~ouree 6, lt 1~ po~ib1e to ~ake the product vBtI 3mall wlth re~pect to the d3~ir~d ~olutlon ~for example 1 mm) and the quot$ent VB/~ 3m~11 ~ith re~srence to the wldth b, i.e. sub~tantl~lly le~8 than thi~
wldth b. Each image 18 ~ynchronously plcked up by th~ ~id~o camera r~¢o~d3d ln the ~ynchronou01Y operated recosder.
Th~ l~ages can be monltored ~utomatic~lly or d~splay~d on ~ ~onltor or r~vlew by an operatar at any convenl~nt ti~e lnd ~arklng~ c~n be provlded on the recordlng to lndicate the polnt ~t whlch ea¢h lm~ge was tak~n o~ the conv~yor belt. Thl~ ~raatly l~proves the pr~ci~lon o~ ~law det~ctlon and elimlnat~ the probl~s ~ncoun~ered in prlor art syBtem~
In FIG. 3~ whlla the ~crean lm~gs lnt0n~1~ler nn~ reco~d~r are th~ 80~e ~ in tho embodlment o~ ~G. 1, th~ pul~e~ Or tho panqtr~tlnq r~dl~tion ~re gene~t~d ~rom ~ q~mmA r~y aoucca 110 ln ~ hol~or 111. A ~hopp~r or rotary ~hutter i8 proYid~d ~or th~
pul~d r~latlon oource 101 ln the focm o~ a drum 112 who~e sh~t 115 1B ~rlv~n by ~ motor 116 ~nd whlch 18 provld~d wlth wlndow~ 113 ~p~c~ Rpart by ~hleldlng reglon~ c~pAble o~ lnterc~tlng the r~lAtlon .
The ~ngular wldth~ o~ the wlndowo 113 Aetarmlne~ tho pul~e dur~tlon tI whlle th~ p~rlo~ T 1~ ~tabll~hed by the rate o~ radla-~ion of ~ha dru~ by tha ~otor 116~ ~he motor 116 1B ~rlvsn by the pul~lng power ~upply and synchronl~lng circult 106 ln the m~nner p~vlou~ly ~e~crlb~d And i8 coor~inated ~lth the drLve of the belt 7 29 ~epr~s~nted at 109. Otherwi~e th~ devlce D~ FSG. 3 opsrate~
ln tho s4me m~nner aa th~t of FIG. 1.
~PECIFICATIO~
My pre3ent lnventlon rel~te~ to ~ method o~ and to an apparatu~ for the contlnuous nonde~tructlve testlng of contLnuously mova~le b~nd or ~trlp materi~l, e.g. webs 3uch as ~onv~yor belt~, ~nd, mo~e purticulArly, to a m~tho~ o~ and ~n appnratu~ for ~he r~latlon monltorlng of ~uch b~nds.
~_ It 1~ ~requ~ntly nec~ssary to utilize nondestruatlve te6tlng ~ethod~ to monitor th~ lntegrl~y o~ contlnuously moving wobs o mat~rial, a.g. conveyor belt~ and par~icul~rly conveyor beltA u~ed ln mlning ~pplloatlons. Such nond~structlv~ monitoeing o bana~ whllo thoy are contlnuou31y movlng, ~y be amployed ln con~unct~on wlth ths manu~cture of ~uch bands followlng m~nu~Ac ture and ~A plrt of a te6tlng prog~am or, ~o~t commonly, ln con~unctlon wlth th~ use of such bands to ensU~e that they retain tholr lnte~lty.
Th~ ea~ lura of a hlgh-c~p~city mlning conv~yor b61t can pos~ ~ signl~lcant dang~r to the operating personnel, can result in '~
con~ld~r~blo ~owntl~e At bokh end~ of tha b~lt, ~n~ may r~nult ln 0uah Aa~ag~ to tho sy~t~m th~t the cleAnup ~n~ repalr ~re ~xtrem~ly cxp~n~lva and tl~e aon~umlng.
~in~ ~onv~or ~elt~, ~or exampl~, oper~te ~t ~p~ up to S ~y 7 m/e~c and the monltorlng o the lnte~rlty o~ such belts mu~t be a~compll~h~d contlnuou~ly At these high speed~.
~t l~ known to monltor the lntegrity of conveyor belt~ by the u~ o~ pen~tr~tlng r~diat~on ~nd to dlsplRy the X r~y or roentgonogrAph lmage upon ~ fluoroscent screen.
In general, at such ~peeas the lm~ga tend~ to blur ~nd de~ects, e~pec~lly lf comparatlvely ~mAll or at ~n lnciplQnt st~e~ may b~ ov~rlooke~.
0~
Yt 1B, therefore, the prlncipal ob~ec~ Oe the preBent lnventlon to provlde an improved method of nonde~tructlvely monitorlng ~ contlnuou~ly moving ob~ect, e~p~clally a conveyor b~lt, whereby the ~lsa~v~ntngea of earller system~ ~r~ obviated and especl~lly th~ dls~dv&nt~ges o~ o~rllar ~ystem~ utlll~lng penetra~-in~ rAdl~tion ~nd screen aispl~y are elimlna~ed.
2G ~t 13 Also ~n object of thls lnvention to provld~ a mcthod of monltorln~ ~ligh-spee4 mln~ng conveyor belt~ for lnte~rity and ~l~wc which will allow early de~e~tlon o~ fl~w~ ln a rell~bl~ w~y.
Yet ~nothor ob~ect of thls lnvention iB to provlde an l~proved ~pparatu~ for the nonde~ttuc~ive monltoring of the int~grlty of ~ hlgh-spsed minlng conveyor belt or simil~r oontlnuou~ly moving ob~ect.
L2~
~ho~ obJ0c~s and oth~ra whlch will bec~mq appar~n~
h~roln~ter ~re ~ttAln~d, ln Accord~nae with th0 pse00nt lnv~ntlon, ln ~ m~tho~ ~Ihlch invo1ves the form~tlon o~ aucc~ive dlsarot~
lm~e~ by p~netr~ting lrr~dl~tlon o~ the contlnuously movlng ~tl~
Th~ lnv~ntlon thu~ co~prlses A method o~ contlnuously and no~de~tructlvely te~tlng ~ contlnuoualy movlng ~rtlcl0 or workploce, ~ap~cially a conveyor belt movlng wl~h a veloclty v~
(band ~locity~ by dlrect~ng a cone of penetratlng ra~l~tlon thar~thtough ~nd collectlng the pen~ratlng radl~tlon on the oppo81t~ al~a o~ th~ bfind, the r~dlatlon cone havlng a wldth b ln the dlrectlon of move~ent o~ the bnnd whlch generally can be about 60 om, oommonly i8 ~pproxi~tely equal to the wldth of the b~nd, but ~ay ~evlate ln elther c~se. ~he band gener~lly will be minln~ conYoyor ~e1t movlng ~t speed3 up to 7 m~s~c ~s indlaated.
According to the inventlon the lm~ge~ form~d directly on a tluorc0c~nt screen, i~ picked up by a vldeo camera nnd le electron-ic~lly ~tor~d.
I have found that lt i8 po~slble to rssolve ~he contlnuous ~onitorlng ~f th~ belt lnto ~ Bucc~s3ion of indlvldua1 lmage~ by pu~aln~ tha radlatlon ~ource wlth ~ trAln o~ pu1se~ at a erequency f hcvlng ~ perlod T utilizlng lndivldual pulses o~ a pul~e durstlon tI whlch is Jub3tantl~11y less than the period ~ of the3e pu18~9, the pU180 duration tI belng 80 se1ected th~t the product VB~
~m~ll wlth ~e~pect to the deslr~d resolutlon, and the quotlent v~f i8 ~mAll rel~tive to the wldth b of the radlation cone o~ the strlp.
~lncc each pulac cre~t~ ~n in~t~ntan~ou~ lmA~J~ un th~
fluor~cent screon, lnMt~ntaneou~ lmag~ ~ce pick~d up by th~ vld~o aAmor~ ~n~ ~r2 el~ctronlcDlly stor~d in ~n 01~atronlc m~mory or a~orAge whl~h likewi~e is pu1~ed synchronou~ly wlth the pul~lng o~
tho r~ ion ~ou~ce.
According to a ~eature of thc inventlon, the r~dlatlon ~ourc~ 1~ n ro~ntgsn tube or X r~y tube oper~ting ln ~ stroblng modc 80 th~t the pul3e dtive of the radl~tlon ~oUYCe lo effected by a corre~ponding Inverse voltAge, blocking voltage or blasing pot~ntl~l ln ths ~orm o~ pu1~d hlgh voltags. ~he rocntg~n 30urce thuo ~unctlonc ~8 ~n X r~y fl~sh l~mp.
N~tus~ , I c~n ~180 opqrate wlth ~ ga~ma radi~tlon ~ource utlllzlng a materL~l whlch constantly emlt2 gamma radlætlon ænd ~hlch pa~ae9 thl~ radlatlon At pulse~ lnterYals a8 controlled by ~ rota~ing ~hutter, the ~lndowR of which deflne the pulse duration~ ~I whlle the radlatlon ~hl~ldlng reglon~ between the wlndowa tc~lne the balance of ths perlcd T.
~n 3ub~tantlally all ca3es the impu1se duratlon t~ will be small by co~par~on to tha perlod ~, l.e. tI ~ay range fro~ O.OOlT
to c~y 0.10~. ~hl~ facllltate~ the plckup of the ~luorescent ~c~een l~a~ by the vldeo c~mera.
~h~ elec~ronlc storage ~hich can be u~d cæn be ~ny whlch may b~ o~ployad ln modern electronic techno10gy and c4n lnclude la~r dlsk, mægnetlc tape, magnetic dlsk, and 6torage e~en ln flxed mcmorl~s ~uch ~8 bubble memorles and the 1lke utlllzing con~ent~on-A1 dlglt~l methods. ~he secor~ing In ~11 C~8fl~, howevor 18 effeats~ ln synchroni~m wlth the energizatlon Oe the aource.
U~r th0 condltlon~ 0et 20rth A~OV~ and, ln goner~ or o~ch portion of thH lcngth of the b~nd corr~ponAln~ to th~ wl~th b of th~ latlon aona in th~ diractlon Oe movemont of th~ bAnd~ a numb~r oe p~netratlng-rAdiatlon lmage~ wlll ho ~o~me~ ~o th~t pr~ctlc~lly every are~ o~ the b~nd wlll be rq~re~ented by an i~age ~o ~n~ble ~e~ect ~etectlon thereln.
~h0 ~luorescont screen l~ge can be improv~d by th~ UB0 of lm~ mpliElsr~ ln the vldeo camer~. or for~ed ~ part of the fluore~cont ~aroan.
sA~lcally tho lmage ~uratlon tI la determlned by the d~clr~d r~olutlon or resolvlng power of about 1 mm ln ~h~
dlrectlon o movement of the b~nd, Pre~erably, the pulse duration tI ~hould not exceed ~bout 150 microRecond~ ~nd tI ~hould not ~xce~d 0.004~. The peclod ~ and thus the pulse frequoncy f er0 de~erml~cd by the lm~ge rate to be produc~d by the vidco camera and o~n be 2S lmagsa p~r second. When each fla~h of the roentgen tube pXO~UOC8 each image, the fraquency at whlch the ~ourc~ and the came~a wlll bo ~ynchronlz~d will be 2; h~rtz and ~or a band speed o~ 7 m/~, aach lncremant of 2~0 mm ln length will re~ult in a new lmag~, theroby cn~urlng co~sldarable overlap between the lmagas.
~y breaking down the ~onltoring of the b~nd lnto dlscrete lmagdd whlch are autom~tlcally eecorded, I ~m able to vl~u~lly or autom~tlc~lly revLaw the lmage6 wlthout blurring and without ~ny of th~ other drdwback~ whlch have characterized earlier nondestru~tlve monltorinq ~ystems u~lng penetratln~ radiation. ~he detection of de~octs 1~ ~o~e p~oci~e ~nd can be carried out utlli~lng ~tand~rd ~l~ctronl~ co~onent~.
~h~ ~bo~e ~nd o~har ob~ect~, ~eature~ ~n~ ~dv~nt~g~ w11l b~come mor~ re~Ally ~pp~r0nt ~rom the ~ollowing de~orl~tlon, r~foronc~ bolng m~d~ to th0 scaompanylng ~wlng ln whloh:
FIG, l 1~ A dl~gr~mma~lc p~r~pective vlew ~chem~tlcally lllustratlng th~ lnventLon;
YlG. 2 la ~ graph ln whlch intenslty o the pulae ~ouroe 19 plottod agaln~t tlme ~oc u_e wlth tho sy~tem o~ PIG. 1J and FIG. 3 i0 a view sl~ilar to ~G. 1 ~howlng another ombodlment o~ thi~ lnventlon.
Specl~lc De~ E~tlon ~he appar~tu1 3hown in FIG. l for c~rryln~ out the method o~ th~ lnventlon comprlses a roentgenogr~phlc unlt repre~nted by conventlonal X ray tube, tl8po8e~ on one B~e of th~ ~th of the lj contl~u~usly movlng wockplece, i.e. a mlning conveyor b~lt gener~lly rspr~ented at 7, The mean~ for movlng thlR conveyor belt w~th th~ veloclty vB 1~ ~epre~ented dlagr~mmatlc~lly at 9 Rnd c~n lnclu~o ~ motor drlve 9A wh~ch 1~ synchronis~d with the pulse g~norator 6 whlch wlll be dascrlb~d further b~low.
on the opposi~e ~ide of the workplece path, close to the 'J sur~ace of the workpL~ce, there 18 provided a fluoroscent ~cr~en 2 whlch 1~ connected by Qn lm~ge lnten~lfler or a~pl1~1er 3 to a ~l~eo c~mec~ 4. I~age lntenslfl~r~ ~or ~uch ~cr~nB ~re woll known ln the ~rt ~e~ ch~pter 8, page 19, ~andbook of X~ , by ~aelble, ~oGr~w ~111 Book Co., NQW YOrk, 1967 ) .
A recordln~ unlt 5, shown to be of the m~gn~tlc t~po type, 1~ connscte~ to th~ vld~s cnm~r~. Ths vldeo cAm~e~ 4~ th~ ~eoorder or momory 5 ~nd the ro0n~g~n soura~ 1 ~r~ connect~fl ~or uynchronlz~
tlan by tho power ~UPply 6 whlch genar~to~ th~ ~ule~s oparatlng the tUb~ 1 ~6 ~ ~la~h t~be.
~B notad, the workpl~ce band ~ mov~ ~t A ve1oclty vB
whll~ the ~oontgen ~ource haJ a cone o~ penetrAtlng radlatlon ~8 rap~osented at 8 wlth ~ wldth In the dlrectlon o~ bAnd movement r~precent~d by the arrow as can be seen at b and a~ 19 measured at th~ ~ur~ce o~ the band or at the lmmedlately ~d~oinlng sur~ace of ths ~luore~cent screon. ~hq pul9e9 generated by tha sourca 6 h~ve pulsfl durstlons tI~ a p~rioD T and a pulse ~r~quency do~in0d by ~hl~ p~rlod of ~.
~IG. 2 ~how~ the lntensity of the pulse appllQd to the rosntga~ tub~ nlong the ordlnate plotted again~t tlme along the ab~ci~ for ~h~ period ~, the pul6e duration tI belng ~hown ~or the pul~e t. By synchronizlng the motor 9 wlth the ~ouree 6, lt 1~ po~ib1e to ~ake the product vBtI 3mall wlth re~pect to the d3~ir~d ~olutlon ~for example 1 mm) and the quot$ent VB/~ 3m~11 ~ith re~srence to the wldth b, i.e. sub~tantl~lly le~8 than thi~
wldth b. Each image 18 ~ynchronously plcked up by th~ ~id~o camera r~¢o~d3d ln the ~ynchronou01Y operated recosder.
Th~ l~ages can be monltored ~utomatic~lly or d~splay~d on ~ ~onltor or r~vlew by an operatar at any convenl~nt ti~e lnd ~arklng~ c~n be provlded on the recordlng to lndicate the polnt ~t whlch ea¢h lm~ge was tak~n o~ the conv~yor belt. Thl~ ~raatly l~proves the pr~ci~lon o~ ~law det~ctlon and elimlnat~ the probl~s ~ncoun~ered in prlor art syBtem~
In FIG. 3~ whlla the ~crean lm~gs lnt0n~1~ler nn~ reco~d~r are th~ 80~e ~ in tho embodlment o~ ~G. 1, th~ pul~e~ Or tho panqtr~tlnq r~dl~tion ~re gene~t~d ~rom ~ q~mmA r~y aoucca 110 ln ~ hol~or 111. A ~hopp~r or rotary ~hutter i8 proYid~d ~or th~
pul~d r~latlon oource 101 ln the focm o~ a drum 112 who~e sh~t 115 1B ~rlv~n by ~ motor 116 ~nd whlch 18 provld~d wlth wlndow~ 113 ~p~c~ Rpart by ~hleldlng reglon~ c~pAble o~ lnterc~tlng the r~lAtlon .
The ~ngular wldth~ o~ the wlndowo 113 Aetarmlne~ tho pul~e dur~tlon tI whlle th~ p~rlo~ T 1~ ~tabll~hed by the rate o~ radla-~ion of ~ha dru~ by tha ~otor 116~ ~he motor 116 1B ~rlvsn by the pul~lng power ~upply and synchronl~lng circult 106 ln the m~nner p~vlou~ly ~e~crlb~d And i8 coor~inated ~lth the drLve of the belt 7 29 ~epr~s~nted at 109. Otherwi~e th~ devlce D~ FSG. 3 opsrate~
ln tho s4me m~nner aa th~t of FIG. 1.
Claims (9)
IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of nondestructively and continuously monitoring continuously moving article for flaws, comprising the steps of:
projecting from a source of penetrating radiation, a cone of such penetrating radiation through said article from one side of said path such that such cone has a width b in the direction of displacement of said article in the region of a surface of said article disposed on an opposite side of said path, forming an image at said region on a fluorescent screen by the encounter of said penetrating radiation traversing said article with said fluorescent screen;
pulsing said source with a pulse duration tI at a frequency f having a period T greater than said pulse duration;
controlling said pulse duration tI so that the product vBti is smaller than a desired resolution and the quotient vB/f is smaller than the width b where vB is the speed of said article and whereby discrete images resulting from the pulsing of said radiation are formed on said screen;
picking up said discrete images with a video camera at the cadence of said pulses and synchronously therewith, and synchronously recording the images picked up by said video camera.
projecting from a source of penetrating radiation, a cone of such penetrating radiation through said article from one side of said path such that such cone has a width b in the direction of displacement of said article in the region of a surface of said article disposed on an opposite side of said path, forming an image at said region on a fluorescent screen by the encounter of said penetrating radiation traversing said article with said fluorescent screen;
pulsing said source with a pulse duration tI at a frequency f having a period T greater than said pulse duration;
controlling said pulse duration tI so that the product vBti is smaller than a desired resolution and the quotient vB/f is smaller than the width b where vB is the speed of said article and whereby discrete images resulting from the pulsing of said radiation are formed on said screen;
picking up said discrete images with a video camera at the cadence of said pulses and synchronously therewith, and synchronously recording the images picked up by said video camera.
2. The method defined in claim 1 wherein pulses of said penetrating radiation are generated at said source by electrically pulsing an X-ray tube forming said source.
3. The method defined in claim 1 wherein pulses of penetrating radiation are produced at said source by chopping gamma radiation continuously emitted from said source.
4. The method defined in claim 1 wherein the individual images on the fluorescent screen in accordance with the magnitude of the period T are stored from to image to image.
5. The method defined in claim 1 wherein for each portion of the length of the article corresponding to said width b, a plurality of such images are stored.
6. The method defined in claim 1 wherein said article is a mining conveyor belt running at a speed of up to 7 m/sec.
7. An apparatus for nondestructively and continuously monitoring continuously moving article along a path for flaws which comprises:
a roentgen tube providing a source of penetrating radiation in the form of a cone through said article on one side of said path such that said cone has a width b in the direction of displacement of said article in the region of a surface of said said article disposed on an opposite side of said path, a fluorescent screen on the other side of said path whereupon said screen an image is formed by the encounter of said penetrating radiation traversing said article, an image intensifier for said fluorescent screen, a video camera provided with a recorder for picking up images on said fluorescent screen, and pulsing means for the roentgen tube and the video camera for synchronously operating same, said means pulsing said source with a pulse duration tI at a frequency f having a period T greater than said pulse duration and controlling said pulse duration tI so that the product vBtI is smaller than a desired resolution and the quotient vB/f is smaller than the width b, whereby vB is the speed of said article and whereby discrete images resulting from the pulsing of said radiation are formed on said screen.
a roentgen tube providing a source of penetrating radiation in the form of a cone through said article on one side of said path such that said cone has a width b in the direction of displacement of said article in the region of a surface of said said article disposed on an opposite side of said path, a fluorescent screen on the other side of said path whereupon said screen an image is formed by the encounter of said penetrating radiation traversing said article, an image intensifier for said fluorescent screen, a video camera provided with a recorder for picking up images on said fluorescent screen, and pulsing means for the roentgen tube and the video camera for synchronously operating same, said means pulsing said source with a pulse duration tI at a frequency f having a period T greater than said pulse duration and controlling said pulse duration tI so that the product vBtI is smaller than a desired resolution and the quotient vB/f is smaller than the width b, whereby vB is the speed of said article and whereby discrete images resulting from the pulsing of said radiation are formed on said screen.
8. The method defined in claim 1 wherein tI ranges from 0.001T to 0.10T.
9. The apparatus defined in claim 7 where tI ranges from 0.001T to 0.10T.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3325281.5-52 | 1983-07-13 | ||
| DE3325281A DE3325281C2 (en) | 1983-07-13 | 1983-07-13 | Method and device for continuous, non-destructive material testing on continuously moving strip material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1217882A true CA1217882A (en) | 1987-02-10 |
Family
ID=6203883
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000458875A Expired CA1217882A (en) | 1983-07-13 | 1984-07-13 | Method of and apparatus for the continuous nondestructive monitoring of continuously movable band material |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6089738A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU563295B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8403496A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1217882A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3325281C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8503850A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2549225B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2143710B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8402200A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE8403683L (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63120244A (en) * | 1986-09-19 | 1988-05-24 | ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ | Device for inspecting body and method of improving signal-to-noise ratio |
| DE19607582A1 (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1997-09-04 | Abb Research Ltd | Method for monitoring a disperse system for undispersed impurities and device for carrying out this method |
| DE102013210192A1 (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2014-10-02 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Apparatus and method for automatic X-ray inspection of a test object in motion |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB902564A (en) * | 1957-10-05 | 1962-08-01 | Emi Ltd | Improvements in or relating to apparatus for examining moving articles |
| FR1226045A (en) * | 1958-05-20 | 1960-07-06 | Machlett Lab Inc | Cine-diographic systems |
| US3419677A (en) * | 1965-03-26 | 1968-12-31 | John F Mccarthy Inc | Apparatus for monitoring high speed processes |
| GB1155088A (en) * | 1965-12-03 | 1969-06-18 | Yissum Res Dev Co | Improvements in Fluoroscopy |
| US3745245A (en) * | 1970-06-16 | 1973-07-10 | Hitachi Roentgen | High resolution system for t.v. monitoring of intermittant x-ray signals |
| US4020346A (en) * | 1973-03-21 | 1977-04-26 | Dennis Donald A | X-ray inspection device and method |
| US3919467A (en) * | 1973-08-27 | 1975-11-11 | Ridge Instr Company Inc | X-ray baggage inspection system |
| DE2532300C3 (en) * | 1975-07-18 | 1979-05-17 | Heimann Gmbh, 6200 Wiesbaden | System for checking baggage using X-rays |
| GB1569415A (en) * | 1976-03-09 | 1980-06-18 | Rolls Royce | Radiography |
| DE2735400C2 (en) * | 1977-08-05 | 1979-09-20 | Heimann Gmbh, 6200 Wiesbaden | Device for checking baggage by means of X-rays |
-
1983
- 1983-07-13 DE DE3325281A patent/DE3325281C2/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-06-27 GB GB08416309A patent/GB2143710B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-07-04 FR FR8410614A patent/FR2549225B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-07-11 JP JP59142506A patent/JPS6089738A/en active Pending
- 1984-07-12 BR BR8403496A patent/BR8403496A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-07-12 SE SE8403683A patent/SE8403683L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1984-07-12 NL NL8402200A patent/NL8402200A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1984-07-13 AU AU30582/84A patent/AU563295B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1984-07-13 CA CA000458875A patent/CA1217882A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-07-13 ES ES534325A patent/ES8503850A1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3325281A1 (en) | 1985-01-31 |
| JPS6089738A (en) | 1985-05-20 |
| ES534325A0 (en) | 1985-04-01 |
| BR8403496A (en) | 1985-03-19 |
| SE8403683D0 (en) | 1984-07-12 |
| ES8503850A1 (en) | 1985-04-01 |
| FR2549225B1 (en) | 1988-01-29 |
| FR2549225A1 (en) | 1985-01-18 |
| GB2143710B (en) | 1987-01-07 |
| DE3325281C2 (en) | 1985-09-26 |
| AU3058284A (en) | 1985-01-17 |
| AU563295B2 (en) | 1987-07-02 |
| NL8402200A (en) | 1985-02-01 |
| GB8416309D0 (en) | 1984-08-01 |
| SE8403683L (en) | 1985-01-14 |
| GB2143710A (en) | 1985-02-13 |
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