CA1211893A - Process for continuous controlled alcoholysis of polyvinyl acetate - Google Patents
Process for continuous controlled alcoholysis of polyvinyl acetateInfo
- Publication number
- CA1211893A CA1211893A CA000391972A CA391972A CA1211893A CA 1211893 A CA1211893 A CA 1211893A CA 000391972 A CA000391972 A CA 000391972A CA 391972 A CA391972 A CA 391972A CA 1211893 A CA1211893 A CA 1211893A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- premixer
- polyvinyl acetate
- reaction zone
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000006136 alcoholysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000012527 feed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 87
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAWXSQJJCIFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium methoxide Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C BDAWXSQJJCIFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JWCDUUFOAZFFMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenoxy-n,n-dimethylethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC=C JWCDUUFOAZFFMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- JILPJDVXYVTZDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium methoxide Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]C JILPJDVXYVTZDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 6
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCHPKWUIAASXPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;methanol Chemical compound OC.CC(O)=O ZCHPKWUIAASXPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- YIYQJOMDMPTKEL-PKNBQFBNSA-N (e)-octadec-5-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCC YIYQJOMDMPTKEL-PKNBQFBNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRLTTZUODKEYDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylquinoline Chemical group C1=CN=C2C(C)=CC=CC2=C1 JRLTTZUODKEYDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000269350 Anura Species 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010024769 Local reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- VREFGVBLTWBCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alprazolam Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2N2C(C)=NN=C2CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VREFGVBLTWBCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940000425 combination drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 244000221110 common millet Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- CALWOYBZYFNRDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenol;ethenyl acetate Chemical compound OC=C.CC(=O)OC=C CALWOYBZYFNRDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010006 flight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BULVZWIRKLYCBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phorate Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)SCSCC BULVZWIRKLYCBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010094 polymer processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001290 polyvinyl ester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010944 pre-mature reactiony Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N theophylline Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1NC=N2 ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011345 viscous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/12—Hydrolysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/215,814 US4338405A (en) | 1980-12-12 | 1980-12-12 | Process for continuous controlled alcoholysis of polyvinyl acetate |
| US215,814 | 1980-12-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1211893A true CA1211893A (en) | 1986-09-23 |
Family
ID=22804510
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000391972A Expired CA1211893A (en) | 1980-12-12 | 1981-12-10 | Process for continuous controlled alcoholysis of polyvinyl acetate |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4338405A (en:Method) |
| EP (1) | EP0054716B1 (en:Method) |
| JP (1) | JPS57121006A (en:Method) |
| CA (1) | CA1211893A (en:Method) |
| DE (1) | DE3174200D1 (en:Method) |
| DK (1) | DK550581A (en:Method) |
| ES (1) | ES507913A0 (en:Method) |
| GR (1) | GR76354B (en:Method) |
| IE (1) | IE52487B1 (en:Method) |
| MX (1) | MX158618A (en:Method) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19602901A1 (de) * | 1996-01-27 | 1997-08-07 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyvinylalkohol |
| US6054530A (en) * | 1998-03-11 | 2000-04-25 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Continuous process for the preparation of poly(vinyl acetate) for poly(vinyl alcohol) production |
| JP4717177B2 (ja) * | 1999-06-09 | 2011-07-06 | 株式会社クラレ | ポリビニルアルコール系重合体の製造方法及びポリビニルアルコール系重合体 |
| JP5128730B2 (ja) | 2000-08-31 | 2013-01-23 | 株式会社クラレ | エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体ケン化物の製造方法 |
| DE10105656A1 (de) | 2001-02-08 | 2002-08-22 | Wacker Polymer Systems Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyvinylalkohol |
| DE10318109A1 (de) * | 2003-04-22 | 2004-11-11 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung elastomermodifizierten Thermoplasten |
| DE102004062200A1 (de) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-07-13 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyvinylalkohol-Polyether-Pfropfcopolymeren durch Extrusion |
| JP5545723B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-18 | 2014-07-09 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | ポリビニルアルコール樹脂の製造方法及び製造装置 |
| DE102013225178A1 (de) | 2013-12-06 | 2015-06-11 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyvinylalkohol |
| SG11201609991XA (en) | 2014-06-04 | 2016-12-29 | Kuraray Co | Polyvinyl alcohol powder and method for producing same |
| CN111763275B (zh) * | 2020-07-23 | 2023-03-28 | 安徽皖维高新材料股份有限公司 | 一种延长低醇解度聚乙烯醇生产周期的方法 |
| CN112592418B (zh) * | 2020-12-14 | 2023-10-27 | 安徽皖维高新材料股份有限公司 | 一种光学膜专用聚乙烯醇的制备方法 |
| CN114773502B (zh) * | 2022-05-07 | 2024-02-09 | 安徽皖维高新材料股份有限公司 | 一种聚醋酸乙烯酯的醇解方法 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2642419A (en) * | 1950-01-31 | 1953-06-16 | Eastman Kodak Co | Preparation of polyvinyl alcohol |
| US2643994A (en) * | 1950-03-30 | 1953-06-30 | Shawinigan Chem Ltd | Continuous process for the alkaline alcoholysis of polyvinyl esters |
| US3386981A (en) * | 1959-02-05 | 1968-06-04 | Kurashiki Rayon Co | Method of mixing a relatively viscous liquid with a relatively non-viscous liquid |
| US3072624A (en) * | 1959-12-29 | 1963-01-08 | Kurashiki Rayon Co | Saponification process for preparation of polyvinyl alcohol |
| US3300460A (en) * | 1962-10-24 | 1967-01-24 | Cumberland Chemical Corp | Process for mixing polyvinyl acetate with saponification catalyst |
| DE1457182C3 (de) * | 1965-07-26 | 1975-04-24 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Mischen |
| US3523933A (en) * | 1967-09-29 | 1970-08-11 | Du Pont | Production of partially alcoholyzed vinyl ester polymers |
| US4230825A (en) * | 1978-10-26 | 1980-10-28 | National Distillers And Chemical Corporation | Uniform hydrolysis catalyst addition to ethylene-vinyl ester polymers |
-
1980
- 1980-12-12 US US06/215,814 patent/US4338405A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1981
- 1981-10-29 EP EP81109224A patent/EP0054716B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-10-29 DE DE8181109224T patent/DE3174200D1/de not_active Expired
- 1981-12-08 JP JP56196414A patent/JPS57121006A/ja active Granted
- 1981-12-10 CA CA000391972A patent/CA1211893A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-12-10 GR GR66762A patent/GR76354B/el unknown
- 1981-12-11 ES ES507913A patent/ES507913A0/es active Granted
- 1981-12-11 DK DK550581A patent/DK550581A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-12-11 IE IE2911/81A patent/IE52487B1/en unknown
- 1981-12-11 MX MX190590A patent/MX158618A/es unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0250927B2 (en:Method) | 1990-11-05 |
| MX158618A (es) | 1989-02-20 |
| ES8207198A1 (es) | 1982-09-01 |
| DE3174200D1 (en) | 1986-04-30 |
| IE812911L (en) | 1982-06-12 |
| DK550581A (da) | 1982-06-13 |
| ES507913A0 (es) | 1982-09-01 |
| JPS57121006A (en) | 1982-07-28 |
| EP0054716B1 (en) | 1986-03-26 |
| IE52487B1 (en) | 1987-11-11 |
| GR76354B (en:Method) | 1984-08-06 |
| US4338405A (en) | 1982-07-06 |
| EP0054716A3 (en) | 1982-07-28 |
| EP0054716A2 (en) | 1982-06-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |