CA1195378A - Fuel cell cathode - Google Patents
Fuel cell cathodeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1195378A CA1195378A CA000431682A CA431682A CA1195378A CA 1195378 A CA1195378 A CA 1195378A CA 000431682 A CA000431682 A CA 000431682A CA 431682 A CA431682 A CA 431682A CA 1195378 A CA1195378 A CA 1195378A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- catalytic
- materials
- disordered
- fuel cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013080 microcrystalline material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012633 leachable Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000023514 Barrett esophagus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005949 NiCo2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002844 continuous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydroxyl ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
- H01M4/8621—Porous electrodes containing only metallic or ceramic material, e.g. made by sintering or sputtering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/8689—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US399,891 | 1982-07-19 | ||
| US06/399,891 US4430391A (en) | 1982-07-19 | 1982-07-19 | Fuel cell cathode |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1195378A true CA1195378A (en) | 1985-10-15 |
Family
ID=23581375
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000431682A Expired CA1195378A (en) | 1982-07-19 | 1983-06-30 | Fuel cell cathode |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4430391A (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0101421A3 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPS5958760A (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU564373B2 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1195378A (enExample) |
| IN (1) | IN160085B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4458454A (en) * | 1981-09-08 | 1984-07-10 | Barnett Howard J | Methods of shaping contact lens |
| US4623597A (en) * | 1982-04-28 | 1986-11-18 | Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. | Rechargeable battery and electrode used therein |
| US4524114A (en) * | 1983-07-05 | 1985-06-18 | Allied Corporation | Bifunctional air electrode |
| CA1240363A (en) * | 1983-10-28 | 1988-08-09 | John E. Keem | Electrodes made with disordered active material and method of making the same |
| EP0157385B1 (en) * | 1984-04-02 | 1991-06-12 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Fuel cell electrode, process for producing the same and fuel cell using the same |
| US4802958A (en) * | 1987-03-17 | 1989-02-07 | The Standard Oil Company | Process for the electrocatalytic oxidation of low molecular weight hydrocarbons to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons |
| DE3720676A1 (de) * | 1987-06-23 | 1989-01-05 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von diaminen |
| US4937220A (en) * | 1988-08-08 | 1990-06-26 | International Fuel Cells Corporation | Method to retard catalyst recrystallization |
| FR2646561B1 (fr) * | 1989-04-28 | 1995-12-29 | Accumulateurs Fixes | Electrode negative a base de cadmium pour accumulateur alcalin ouvert |
| DE4235514C2 (de) * | 1992-10-21 | 1995-12-07 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Poröse sauerstoffverzehrende Elektrode, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
| US6287717B1 (en) | 1998-11-13 | 2001-09-11 | Gore Enterprise Holdings, Inc. | Fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies with improved power outputs |
| US6964826B2 (en) | 1999-04-12 | 2005-11-15 | Ovonic Battery Company, Inc. | Coated catalytic material with a metal phase in contact with a grain boundary oxide |
| US6300000B1 (en) | 1999-06-18 | 2001-10-09 | Gore Enterprise Holdings | Fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies with improved power outputs and poison resistance |
| US6866960B2 (en) * | 2000-07-21 | 2005-03-15 | Japan Storage Battery Co., Ltd. | Electrodes for fuel cell and processes for producing the same |
| US7014953B2 (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2006-03-21 | Texaco Ovoric Fuel Cell, Llc | Regenerative bipolar fuel cell |
| KR100460443B1 (ko) * | 2002-08-05 | 2004-12-08 | 광주과학기술원 | 코스퍼터링법을 이용한 박막형 연료전지용 전극의 제조방법 |
| AU2003275103A1 (en) * | 2002-09-17 | 2004-04-08 | Diffusion Science, Inc. | Electrochemical generation, storage and reaction of hydrogen and oxygen using gas permeable catalyst-coated hollow microspheres |
| US7550221B2 (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2009-06-23 | Rolls-Royce Fuel Cell Systems Limited | Gas delivery substrate |
| JP2007090157A (ja) * | 2005-09-27 | 2007-04-12 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 燃料電池用カソード電極触媒及びこれを用いた燃料電池 |
| RU2019108040A (ru) * | 2016-08-31 | 2020-10-01 | Ван Сайнтифик, Инк. Сша | Системы, устройства и способы для получения электрической энергии посредством преобразования воды в водород и кислород |
| CN109888304A (zh) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-06-14 | 惠州市亿纬新能源研究院 | 一种膜电极、其制备方法以及一种燃料电池和燃料电池的制备方法 |
| CN115528260A (zh) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-12-27 | 湖北大学 | 一种基于掺杂锂化过渡金属氧化物的燃料电池 |
| CN119381462A (zh) * | 2024-10-28 | 2025-01-28 | 中南大学 | 一种燃料电池用炭载核壳结构铂铜合金催化剂的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1172650B (de) * | 1962-09-07 | 1964-06-25 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Elektroden fuer elektrochemische Reaktionen |
| FR1383149A (fr) * | 1963-11-14 | 1964-12-24 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Perfectionnements apportés aux électrodes réductrices et à leurs procédés de fabrication |
| US3496021A (en) | 1966-03-04 | 1970-02-17 | Texas Instruments Inc | Fuel cell comprising a foraminous electrode consisting essentially of nickel manganese alloy |
| US3528857A (en) | 1966-09-02 | 1970-09-15 | Leesona Corp | Electrochemical device comprising an electrode containing nickel-cobalt spinel |
| US3511714A (en) * | 1967-01-24 | 1970-05-12 | Energy & Catalytic Corp Of Ame | Chemical source of electrical current,catalyst suitable for use therein and method for the manufacturing thereof |
| US3701822A (en) | 1970-06-11 | 1972-10-31 | Chemical Construction Corp | Process and catalyst for treating combustion exhaust gas |
| US4076899A (en) | 1973-05-03 | 1978-02-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Electrochemical gas electrode |
| HU170253B (enExample) | 1974-10-07 | 1977-05-28 | ||
| FR2317377A1 (fr) * | 1975-07-08 | 1977-02-04 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Cathode pour cellule d'electrolyse |
| IL50217A (en) | 1976-08-06 | 1980-01-31 | Israel State | Electrocatalytically acitve spinel type mixed oxides |
| JPS5927215B2 (ja) * | 1978-12-27 | 1984-07-04 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 表面活性化処理を施した機能材料とその製造方法 |
| US4544473A (en) * | 1980-05-12 | 1985-10-01 | Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. | Catalytic electrolytic electrode |
| US4342792A (en) * | 1980-05-13 | 1982-08-03 | The British Petroleum Company Limited | Electrodes and method of preparation thereof for use in electrochemical cells |
| US4396473A (en) * | 1981-04-29 | 1983-08-02 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Cathode prepared by electro arc spray metallization, electro arc spray metallization method of preparing a cathode, and electrolysis with a cathode prepared by electro arc spray metallization |
-
1982
- 1982-07-19 US US06/399,891 patent/US4430391A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1983
- 1983-06-30 CA CA000431682A patent/CA1195378A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-06-30 AU AU16440/83A patent/AU564373B2/en not_active Expired
- 1983-07-08 EP EP83850192A patent/EP0101421A3/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-07-13 IN IN862/CAL/83A patent/IN160085B/en unknown
- 1983-07-13 JP JP58127526A patent/JPS5958760A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU1644083A (en) | 1984-01-26 |
| US4430391A (en) | 1984-02-07 |
| AU564373B2 (en) | 1987-08-13 |
| EP0101421A3 (en) | 1985-04-17 |
| IN160085B (enExample) | 1987-06-27 |
| JPS5958760A (ja) | 1984-04-04 |
| EP0101421A2 (en) | 1984-02-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEC | Expiry (correction) | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |