CA1184000A - Expandable thermoplastic polymer composition containing thermally decomposable carbonates - Google Patents
Expandable thermoplastic polymer composition containing thermally decomposable carbonatesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1184000A CA1184000A CA000223820A CA223820A CA1184000A CA 1184000 A CA1184000 A CA 1184000A CA 000223820 A CA000223820 A CA 000223820A CA 223820 A CA223820 A CA 223820A CA 1184000 A CA1184000 A CA 1184000A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- blowing agent
- composition
- carbonate
- thermoplastic polymer
- agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc carbonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- GKDXQAKPHKQZSC-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium(2+);carbonate Chemical compound [Cd+2].[O-]C([O-])=O GKDXQAKPHKQZSC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000011 cadmium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium silicate Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O PZZYQPZGQPZBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001661 cadmium Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 11
- -1 polyphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 10
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004156 Azodicarbonamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 4
- XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N azodicarbonamide Chemical compound NC(=O)\N=N\C(N)=O XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019399 azodicarbonamide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- UOURRHZRLGCVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentazinc;dicarbonate;hexahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O UOURRHZRLGCVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920004142 LEXAN™ Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004418 Lexan Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmitic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2$l^{2}-dioxaplumbetan-4-one Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical class C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000003 Lead carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004425 Makrolon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004727 Noryl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001207 Noryl Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPKGOZPBGXJDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Zn] Chemical compound [C].[Zn] BPKGOZPBGXJDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000032 aromatic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010427 ball clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical class [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005669 high impact polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004797 high-impact polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010102 injection blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012243 magnesium silicates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012260 resinous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
- C08J9/08—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing carbon dioxide
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1476374A GB1466427A (en) | 1974-04-03 | 1974-04-03 | Process for expanding thermoplastic polymers |
| GB14763/74 | 1974-04-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1184000A true CA1184000A (en) | 1985-03-12 |
Family
ID=10047062
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000223820A Expired CA1184000A (en) | 1974-04-03 | 1975-04-03 | Expandable thermoplastic polymer composition containing thermally decomposable carbonates |
Country Status (17)
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1100697A (en) * | 1976-12-22 | 1981-05-05 | General Electric Company | Foamable thermoplastic polyester compositions |
| JPS6045656B2 (ja) * | 1979-06-29 | 1985-10-11 | 三井東圧化学株式会社 | 発泡性熱可塑樹脂組成物 |
| US4711921A (en) * | 1982-11-12 | 1987-12-08 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Stabilization of vinyl chloride polymers |
| DE102009050807A1 (de) * | 2009-10-27 | 2011-06-30 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, 80809 | Spritzprägewerkzeug und Verfahren zum Spritzprägen eines Bauteils, insbesondere eines flächigen, dünnwandigen Innenraumteils für den Fahrgastraum eines Fahrzeugs |
| JP2019189830A (ja) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-10-31 | 日立化成テクノサービス株式会社 | ポリカーボネート押出化学発泡体及びその製造方法 |
-
1974
- 1974-04-03 GB GB1476374A patent/GB1466427A/en not_active Expired
-
1975
- 1975-01-01 AR AR258223A patent/AR207773A1/es active
- 1975-03-11 ZA ZA00751491A patent/ZA751491B/xx unknown
- 1975-03-12 IE IE540/75A patent/IE41220B1/xx unknown
- 1975-03-12 NO NO750830A patent/NO750830L/no unknown
- 1975-03-18 AU AU79229/75A patent/AU7922975A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-03-24 NL NL7503471A patent/NL7503471A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-03-24 BE BE154676A patent/BE827088A/xx unknown
- 1975-03-25 DE DE19752513033 patent/DE2513033A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1975-04-02 CH CH416175A patent/CH609996A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-04-02 FR FR7510329A patent/FR2266718B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1975-04-02 ES ES436232A patent/ES436232A1/es not_active Expired
- 1975-04-02 SE SE7503788A patent/SE7503788L/xx unknown
- 1975-04-02 DK DK140975A patent/DK140975A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-04-03 CA CA000223820A patent/CA1184000A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-04-03 IT IT7521963A patent/IT1034815B/it active
- 1975-04-03 JP JP50039857A patent/JPS50140575A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2266718B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1979-01-12 |
| BE827088A (fr) | 1975-09-24 |
| NO750830L (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-10-06 |
| DE2513033A1 (de) | 1975-10-16 |
| IE41220B1 (en) | 1979-11-07 |
| DK140975A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-10-04 |
| SE7503788L (sv) | 1975-10-06 |
| JPS50140575A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-11-11 |
| FR2266718A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-10-31 |
| AU7922975A (en) | 1976-09-23 |
| IE41220L (en) | 1975-10-03 |
| IT1034815B (it) | 1979-10-10 |
| NL7503471A (nl) | 1975-10-07 |
| GB1466427A (en) | 1977-03-09 |
| AR207773A1 (es) | 1976-10-29 |
| CH609996A5 (en) | 1979-03-30 |
| ZA751491B (en) | 1976-06-30 |
| ES436232A1 (es) | 1977-08-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |