CA1183396A - Tension sleeve supported casing article - Google Patents
Tension sleeve supported casing articleInfo
- Publication number
- CA1183396A CA1183396A CA000403499A CA403499A CA1183396A CA 1183396 A CA1183396 A CA 1183396A CA 000403499 A CA000403499 A CA 000403499A CA 403499 A CA403499 A CA 403499A CA 1183396 A CA1183396 A CA 1183396A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- casing
- tension sleeve
- core
- shirred
- article according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
- A22C—PROCESSING MEAT, POULTRY, OR FISH
- A22C11/00—Sausage making ; Apparatus for handling or conveying sausage products during manufacture
- A22C11/02—Sausage filling or stuffing machines
- A22C11/0245—Controlling devices
- A22C11/0254—Sizing means
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)
- Processing Of Meat And Fish (AREA)
- Packging For Living Organisms, Food Or Medicinal Products That Are Sensitive To Environmental Conditiond (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
- General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
- Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
Abstract
TENSION SLEEVE SUPPORTED CASING ARTICLE
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Flexible tubular synthetic food casing shirred and compressed onto a rigid hollow tension sleeve core to a high packing efficiency to produce a combination casing stick tension sleeve article with provision on the tension sleeve to connect to a slacker mechanism on a stuffing apparatus.
S P E C I F I C A T I O N
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Flexible tubular synthetic food casing shirred and compressed onto a rigid hollow tension sleeve core to a high packing efficiency to produce a combination casing stick tension sleeve article with provision on the tension sleeve to connect to a slacker mechanism on a stuffing apparatus.
S P E C I F I C A T I O N
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Description
~3~ 13217 INTXODUCTION
This invention relates to synthetic food casings, more particularly to controllably mois~urized shirred cellulosic food casing compactedly mounted on rigid hollow tubular core tension sleeves to a high compaction condition to produce high packing efficiency shirred casing stick tension sleeve articles which have significantly additional stuffable length in each stick, improved structural stability and strength, and wherein the tension sleeve core on which the casing is carried is pro-vided with a flanged or shouldered flange end portion adaptedto connect to a slacker mechanism on a stuffing machine and with a sizing means~ usually a disc, to facili~ate holdback control during the stuffing operation. The invention is par-ticularly useful in the food industry for the manufacture of sausage products of the so-called chub sizes and larger siæes, wherein the process involves a step of slackening the casing to perform the clip closure operation. Casings in the present invention may ad~antageously be provided with protective anti-mycotic treatments such a~ chloride salts, particularly sodium chloride.
TYPES OF CASINGS
. _ Artificial food casings used throughout the world in processing a great variety of meat and other food products, ~uch as sausages of various types, cheese rolls~ turkey rolls, and the like are customarily prepared from regenerated cellu-lose and other cellulosic materials. Casings are of several different types and sizes to accommodate the diffexent categories of food product to be prepared and are provided in supported or unsupported form, the supported casings, cor~monly referred to as "fibrous casings", having a fibrous support web embedded in the casing wall.
A common feature of many processed food products, particularly meat products, is that the mixture of comes-tible , ~.
33~;
ingredients, commonly ca11ed an "emulsion", is stuffed into d casing under pressure and processing of the food product is carried out after its encasement. The food product may also be store~ and shipped w~)ile encased in the casing, though in many instances, and particularly with small sausage products such as fran~furters, the casing is removed from tne food product after completion of the processing.
The designation "small food casings" refers generally to those casings employed in the preparation of small size sausage products such as frankfurters. As the name suggests, this type of food casing is small in stuffed diameter, generally having a diameter within the range of from about 15 mm to about 40 mm, and is most usually supplied as thin-walled tubes of very great length. For convenience in handling, these casings, which may be 20 to 50 meters in length or even longer, are shirred and compressed to produce what is commonly referred to as "shirred casing sticks" of from about 20 cm to about 60 cm in length.
Shirring machines and the products thereof are shown in U.S.
Patent Nos. 2,983,949 and 2,984,574 among others.
~o "Large size food casings", the common designation for casings used in the preparation of generally larger food products, such as salami and bologna saus~ges, meat loaves, coo~ed and smoked ham butts and the like, are produced in stuffed diameter sizes of from about 50 mm to about 2~0 mm or even larger. In general, such casings have a wall thickness about three times greater than "small size casings" wall thickness and are provided with a fibrous web rein~orcement embedded in the wall, though they may be prepared without such supporting medium. For many years the large si2e tubular casings have been supplied to the food processor in flattened condition, cut to predetermined lengths of 1321~
from about 0.6 m to about 2.2m. More recently, however, but prior to ~he time of this invention, large size casings of both the fibrous and the unsupported types have been and are being supplied in the form of shirred sticks containing up to about 65 m of casings.
"Chub size food casings~' constitutes a range of intermediate casing sizes with stuffed diameters of from about 38mm to about 99mm, sizes which overlap into both the aforedescribed small food casings and large size food casings size ranges but falling, in the main, in the large size food casings designation and description. The description of the large size food casings is therefore most generally applicable to the cnu~
size food casings, the casings with which the present invention is principally concerned.
CASING MOISTURE CONTENT
In the preparation and use of cellulosic food casings, control of the mQisture content of the casings is of importance.
When small size cellulosic casings are produced, it is generally necessary that they have a water content in the range of about 14 / to about 18 1~ by weight of total casing to enable stuffing operations to be carried out without damage to the casings. This relatively narrow range of moisture content is also important because excessive breakage of the casing during stuffing has been ~ound to occur at lower moisture contents, while greater moisture content results in excessive plasticity of the casing material and consequent overstuffing.
The large size casings as described hereinabove have recently been improved to the extent that shirred and colnpacte~
casings lengths are available in prernoisturized or presoaked condition so that the long used and troublesome step of soaking sucn casings imnedidtely prior to the stuffing operation has now been eliminated. The moisture contents of the larger size casings of the fibrous reinforced variety, when they are furnished in shirred and premoisturized condition, is usually found to be in the range of from about 16 / to about 35 / moisture by total casing weight.
THE SH IRRING PROCESS
Shirring techniques for the casings described hereinabove in accordance with patent references noted, as well as with others, can be generally described as involving the continuous feeding of d lengtn of flat casiny feed stock, from a reel for instance, into a shirring machine where it is inflated with low pressure gas, usually air. The inflated casing is passed through an array of shirring rolls which pleat the casing up against a restraint on or about the shirring mandrel until a preselected shirred length has been attained. For a floating mandrel type of shirring mach1ne, such as described in USP 3,76~,603 for example, the shirred casing is then ~ransferred linearly past or away from the restraint against which the shirring was performea and onto an extenJed mandrel portion whereon it is compacted into a desired stick lengtn. For a witndrawing mandrel shirring machine such as described in USP 2,583,654 for example, the shirring mandrel with the shirred casing remaining thereon is rotated to an alternate position where the shirred casing is compacted to the desired stick lenytn. The normal compaction results in a stick length which may be from abo~lt 1 pe~c~t to about 1.2 or 1.3 percent of the original casing length. The United States patent to Hewit-t, U.S. 2,001,461, for instance, describes how an original casing length of 396 inches (1006 cm) is reduced to a length of less than four inc~es (10 cm) in stick form and further indicates that the lowest practical limit probably attainable with regard to the ratio of stic~ length to original casing length is probably in the neighborhood of one one hundred thirtieth, (1/130).
The ratios of origindl cdsing length to shirred stick length haye been generally in the order oF 70 to 100 throughout the industry, prior to the time of the present invention. Tnis ratio is referred to as the "pack ratio" and is the reciprocal of the ratio discussed by Hewitt.
Packing efficiency is another way of quantitatively expressing the extent to which original casing lengths are compacted in the shirred stick form. Packing effici~ncy is defined as the ratio of the volume of the shirred and compacted casing in a unit length divided by the volume of the same unit length which would be occupied by solid casing material, and it may be determined by the following relationship:
PE = Lc x (2 x FW x tc) _ (oD2 - ID2) x Ls where PE = Packing Efficiency Lc = casing length Ls = shirred casing stick length FW = casing flat w:idth tc = casing wall thickness OD = shirred casing stick outer diameter ID = shirred casing stick inner diameter Inspection of the relationship shows that the ratio is actually the volume of the casing flat stock which is contained in the 3;;~
1321~
shirred casing stick, divided by the wall volume of a hollow cylinder having the same dimensions as the shirred casing stick. The extent to which packing efficiency increases is thus measured by the closeness of its approach towards one (1), unity.
The goalJ that have been sought in shirring technology have been to produce a casing stick which can be deshirred and stuffed on a stuffing apparatus, continuously, with no mechanical defects or breakdowns so as to insure continuous production, the stick itself having sufficient structural and me hanical integrity to witnstand -the ordinary rigors of packaging, storage, handling, and placement on the stuffing apparatus, and, in addition, the desideratum of eompacting as much stuffable casing into a given stick length as is technically feasible.
By way of illustration, a typical prior art packing efficiency may be calculated from the teachings of USP 3,528,825 to Doughty. Referring to column 5, line 75 through col. 6, line 5, we find the description of a shirred casing stick in which 95 feet (30 meters) of casing having an inflated outside diameter of 22/32 inch (1.75 cm? with a wall thickness of 0.001 inch (0.0254 mm) is shirred into a stick having an O.D. of 7/8 inch (2.22 cm), an I.D.
of 1/2 inch (1.27 cm), and a stick 1ength of 16-1/4 inches (41~28 crn). Using those data and the above formula for Packing Efficiency, it will be found that the prior art casing illustrated in Doughty has a packing efficiency of 0.374. The pack ratio of this prior art casing was 70; 95 feet (30 meters) shirred and compacted to 16-1/4 inches (41.28 cm).
THE STUFFING APPARATUS & CLIP Cl.OS RES
The inter~ediate or cr\ub size casings comprehended by the present invention can be stuffed with food emulsion on stuffing ~ 3~17 machines such as the SHIRMATICR (Reglstered Trade-mark of Union Carbide Corporation) automatic ~izing-stuffing apparatus described in U.S. Patent Re 30,390, for ins~ance, or on similar commercially available stuffing apparatus fit~ed with suitably si.zed ~tuf-ing horns. In handling chub size casings in the stuff-ing operation, ~uxiliary apparatus to apply the closure clips to the stuffed casing i8 customarily used. An automatic double clipper which is widely used with chub size stuffing apparatus applies two closure clips simultaneously to the casing material between the discrete food product lengths or links. Various gau.ge slips ean be applied, depending on the ~eights and viscosities of the product being stuffed. Gather-ing and ~ipping ~he casing at high speed, par~icularly wi~h the use of the advantageous controllably moistur-ized casings discussed hereinabove, requires that some casing ~lack be provided in order to not tear or unduly stretch the casing ma~erial, or to not overpressurize a stuffed product length and blow out the other clip closed end. The provision of slack casing to facili-tate the clipping closure operation by a casing slack-ening ~nd gathering technique and apparatus requires the reciprocal longitudinal movement of a easing carrier tenslon sleeve on the stuffing apparatus.
The present invention provides, as an el ment in the claimed combination of this application, the tension sleeve which ls operably connectable to a slackening apparatus.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
With this then being the state of the art, the present ~, 3~;
invention was conceived and developed to provide a shirred casing stick tension sleeve unitary article comprising a central substantially rigid hollow tension sleeve core with casing shirred and compressed thereon to a higher packing efficiency than here-tofore attained in the art and with means provided on the tension sleeve to operably connect it to a slackening mechanism on a stuffing machine.
It is a principal object of the presen~
invention to provide a high density shirred casing stick tension sleeve article of a type which is particularly useful in conjunction with au~omatic food stuffing machinery to make chub size food articles.
It is a further object of the invention to provide for the fabrlcation of cored high density shirred casing stick tension sleeve articles on presently available casing shirring machinery with only slight, if any, modi~ications thereto in order to produce articles according to the invention.
An important and particular object of the invention is to provide a high density shirred casing stick wherein the core itself becomes an element of a stuffing system in which it is incor-porated, specifically a reciprocally movable tension sleeve on a chub size automatic stuffing apparatus.
It should be noted however, in this connection, that the slackening clipping method and apparatus g _ 3 ~ ~
improvements on stuffing techniques for chub size products is considered to be a separate invention, the invention in this present case being only a specific adaptation of the cored hi.gh density concept to such techniques.
It is also to be noted in connection with this invention that the cored high density shirring concept itself is a separate invention.
An additional particular object of the invention is to provide a tension sleeve cored high density shirred casing stick article, provided in combination with a sizi~g means of one type or another mounted on the tension sleeve of the article and disposed internally o~ an unshirred portion of the shirred casing.
In general, the invention comprehends the combination of a substantially rigid tubular casing carrier tension sleeve; means at one end of said tension sleeve for connecting said tension sleeve to a reciprocally operable slacker mechanism on a stuffing apparatus; a con.trollably moisturized cellulosic food casing length having a moisture content of from about 16 percent to about 35 percent by total casing weight, shirred and compacted on said core to a packing efficiency greater than the packing efficiency of said same casing length shirred and co~pacted under the same shirring and compacting conditions without said core, said core ha~ing an outer circumference .
greater than the inner core circumference the same casing would have when shirred and compacted under the same shirring and compacting conditions without said core; and casing sizing means mounted on said tension sleeve, disposed interiorly of an unshirred portion of said shirr~d casing length.
It has been found advantageous in practicing the invention to keep the packing efficiency at 0.50 and higher.
The substantially rigid tubular ~ension sleeve core element of an article according to the invention may vary in wall thickness to suit the particular casing article and i1s adaptation - lOA -~ 13217 and utilization, and urther in accordance with the core material used, but, in general, it may be stated that the wall ~hickness of such tension sleeve is generally in the range of from about 0.040 inch (0.10 cm.) to ab~ut 0.060 inch ~0.15 cm.).
The means at one end of ~`he tension sleeve for connec~ing the tension sleeve to a reiprocally operable slacker mechanism on a stuffing apparatus may advanta-geously comprise an annular flange extending radially outward from the tubular surface of the tension sleeve.
In an alternative more specifically de~ailed em-bodiment of the invention, the tension sleeve flange is provided with a shoulder ~lement disposed between the end of the compacted casing and a facia surface of the flange. The shou:Lder means is designed ~o provide a space between the compacted end of ~he casing and the flange facia surface which facili~ates the operable con-nection of a slacker mechanism on a stuffing apparatus.
The sizing means provided in an ar~icle according to the invention may be a sizing disc, most preferably with a circumferential rim.
The preferred antimyco~ic agent, if one is used, is a chloride salt selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, ammonium chloride, calcium chloride, and potass:ium chloride.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF_THE_INVENTION
The inven~ion will now be described in greater particularity and with references to the single figure drawing 132~7 appended to this speci.ication whîch is an isomet.ric view of an article embodiment according to ~hP invention wherein the tension sleeve core element is used as a casing carrier to be slipped over a stufEing horn and attached to a slacker mechanism on a stuffing machine.
Referring to the drawing, the illustrated embodi-ment of the invention comprises a rigid ~ubular casing carrier core or tension slePve 11 provided at one end with a flange 13 for connecting the tension sleeve to a reciprocally mo~eable slacker mechanism 15 on a stuff-ing machine which, except for the slacker mechanism, is not otherwise sho~.
A casing 17 length, shirred and compacted to a high density condition is disposed on the tension sleeve 11 with one end contiguous to the flange 13 and the other end partially deshirred, pulled over a sizing disc 19, ~he unflanged end 21 of tension slee~e 11 and closed with a clip 23.
Sizing disc 19, as shown, is an annular cup-shaped disc mounted as shown in the drawing on tension sleeve 11 with a leg portion 25 extending outward radially from the outer surface of the tubular tension sleeve 11 to a circumferential rim 27 over which ~he deshirr~.d portion of casing 17 is pulled.
In order to accommodate and facilitate connection of the tension sleeve 11 flange 13 to ~he slacker mechanism 15, a shoulder element 29 may advantageously be arranged and disposed between the end 31 of the shirred and compacted cas.ing 1.7 and facia surface 33 of flange 13. The cri~erion for such an 33~
arrangement or any equivalent thereof is that the casing material be maintain~d clear and free of any possi~ly ddmaging contact with the slacker mechanism 15.
EXAMPLE I
Intermediate size fibrous casings according to the present invention may be prepared on tubular tension sleeve cores of high density polyethylene for use on stuffing machines to make medium size sausage products in accordance with the following table, ~able 1:
Casi~g Core Nominal Tube Inflated Outside Casing Casing Casing Diameter Diameter Pack Ratio Packin~ Efficienc~
Size Inche~ Inches Feet/Feet Cored Uncored 43 1.48 1.230 52 0.500 0.421 47 1.589 1.230 74 0.500 0~444 1.697 1.230 96 0.500 0.458 1.846 1.230 126 0.500 0.468 58 1.958 1.230 149 0.500 0.476
This invention relates to synthetic food casings, more particularly to controllably mois~urized shirred cellulosic food casing compactedly mounted on rigid hollow tubular core tension sleeves to a high compaction condition to produce high packing efficiency shirred casing stick tension sleeve articles which have significantly additional stuffable length in each stick, improved structural stability and strength, and wherein the tension sleeve core on which the casing is carried is pro-vided with a flanged or shouldered flange end portion adaptedto connect to a slacker mechanism on a stuffing machine and with a sizing means~ usually a disc, to facili~ate holdback control during the stuffing operation. The invention is par-ticularly useful in the food industry for the manufacture of sausage products of the so-called chub sizes and larger siæes, wherein the process involves a step of slackening the casing to perform the clip closure operation. Casings in the present invention may ad~antageously be provided with protective anti-mycotic treatments such a~ chloride salts, particularly sodium chloride.
TYPES OF CASINGS
. _ Artificial food casings used throughout the world in processing a great variety of meat and other food products, ~uch as sausages of various types, cheese rolls~ turkey rolls, and the like are customarily prepared from regenerated cellu-lose and other cellulosic materials. Casings are of several different types and sizes to accommodate the diffexent categories of food product to be prepared and are provided in supported or unsupported form, the supported casings, cor~monly referred to as "fibrous casings", having a fibrous support web embedded in the casing wall.
A common feature of many processed food products, particularly meat products, is that the mixture of comes-tible , ~.
33~;
ingredients, commonly ca11ed an "emulsion", is stuffed into d casing under pressure and processing of the food product is carried out after its encasement. The food product may also be store~ and shipped w~)ile encased in the casing, though in many instances, and particularly with small sausage products such as fran~furters, the casing is removed from tne food product after completion of the processing.
The designation "small food casings" refers generally to those casings employed in the preparation of small size sausage products such as frankfurters. As the name suggests, this type of food casing is small in stuffed diameter, generally having a diameter within the range of from about 15 mm to about 40 mm, and is most usually supplied as thin-walled tubes of very great length. For convenience in handling, these casings, which may be 20 to 50 meters in length or even longer, are shirred and compressed to produce what is commonly referred to as "shirred casing sticks" of from about 20 cm to about 60 cm in length.
Shirring machines and the products thereof are shown in U.S.
Patent Nos. 2,983,949 and 2,984,574 among others.
~o "Large size food casings", the common designation for casings used in the preparation of generally larger food products, such as salami and bologna saus~ges, meat loaves, coo~ed and smoked ham butts and the like, are produced in stuffed diameter sizes of from about 50 mm to about 2~0 mm or even larger. In general, such casings have a wall thickness about three times greater than "small size casings" wall thickness and are provided with a fibrous web rein~orcement embedded in the wall, though they may be prepared without such supporting medium. For many years the large si2e tubular casings have been supplied to the food processor in flattened condition, cut to predetermined lengths of 1321~
from about 0.6 m to about 2.2m. More recently, however, but prior to ~he time of this invention, large size casings of both the fibrous and the unsupported types have been and are being supplied in the form of shirred sticks containing up to about 65 m of casings.
"Chub size food casings~' constitutes a range of intermediate casing sizes with stuffed diameters of from about 38mm to about 99mm, sizes which overlap into both the aforedescribed small food casings and large size food casings size ranges but falling, in the main, in the large size food casings designation and description. The description of the large size food casings is therefore most generally applicable to the cnu~
size food casings, the casings with which the present invention is principally concerned.
CASING MOISTURE CONTENT
In the preparation and use of cellulosic food casings, control of the mQisture content of the casings is of importance.
When small size cellulosic casings are produced, it is generally necessary that they have a water content in the range of about 14 / to about 18 1~ by weight of total casing to enable stuffing operations to be carried out without damage to the casings. This relatively narrow range of moisture content is also important because excessive breakage of the casing during stuffing has been ~ound to occur at lower moisture contents, while greater moisture content results in excessive plasticity of the casing material and consequent overstuffing.
The large size casings as described hereinabove have recently been improved to the extent that shirred and colnpacte~
casings lengths are available in prernoisturized or presoaked condition so that the long used and troublesome step of soaking sucn casings imnedidtely prior to the stuffing operation has now been eliminated. The moisture contents of the larger size casings of the fibrous reinforced variety, when they are furnished in shirred and premoisturized condition, is usually found to be in the range of from about 16 / to about 35 / moisture by total casing weight.
THE SH IRRING PROCESS
Shirring techniques for the casings described hereinabove in accordance with patent references noted, as well as with others, can be generally described as involving the continuous feeding of d lengtn of flat casiny feed stock, from a reel for instance, into a shirring machine where it is inflated with low pressure gas, usually air. The inflated casing is passed through an array of shirring rolls which pleat the casing up against a restraint on or about the shirring mandrel until a preselected shirred length has been attained. For a floating mandrel type of shirring mach1ne, such as described in USP 3,76~,603 for example, the shirred casing is then ~ransferred linearly past or away from the restraint against which the shirring was performea and onto an extenJed mandrel portion whereon it is compacted into a desired stick lengtn. For a witndrawing mandrel shirring machine such as described in USP 2,583,654 for example, the shirring mandrel with the shirred casing remaining thereon is rotated to an alternate position where the shirred casing is compacted to the desired stick lenytn. The normal compaction results in a stick length which may be from abo~lt 1 pe~c~t to about 1.2 or 1.3 percent of the original casing length. The United States patent to Hewit-t, U.S. 2,001,461, for instance, describes how an original casing length of 396 inches (1006 cm) is reduced to a length of less than four inc~es (10 cm) in stick form and further indicates that the lowest practical limit probably attainable with regard to the ratio of stic~ length to original casing length is probably in the neighborhood of one one hundred thirtieth, (1/130).
The ratios of origindl cdsing length to shirred stick length haye been generally in the order oF 70 to 100 throughout the industry, prior to the time of the present invention. Tnis ratio is referred to as the "pack ratio" and is the reciprocal of the ratio discussed by Hewitt.
Packing efficiency is another way of quantitatively expressing the extent to which original casing lengths are compacted in the shirred stick form. Packing effici~ncy is defined as the ratio of the volume of the shirred and compacted casing in a unit length divided by the volume of the same unit length which would be occupied by solid casing material, and it may be determined by the following relationship:
PE = Lc x (2 x FW x tc) _ (oD2 - ID2) x Ls where PE = Packing Efficiency Lc = casing length Ls = shirred casing stick length FW = casing flat w:idth tc = casing wall thickness OD = shirred casing stick outer diameter ID = shirred casing stick inner diameter Inspection of the relationship shows that the ratio is actually the volume of the casing flat stock which is contained in the 3;;~
1321~
shirred casing stick, divided by the wall volume of a hollow cylinder having the same dimensions as the shirred casing stick. The extent to which packing efficiency increases is thus measured by the closeness of its approach towards one (1), unity.
The goalJ that have been sought in shirring technology have been to produce a casing stick which can be deshirred and stuffed on a stuffing apparatus, continuously, with no mechanical defects or breakdowns so as to insure continuous production, the stick itself having sufficient structural and me hanical integrity to witnstand -the ordinary rigors of packaging, storage, handling, and placement on the stuffing apparatus, and, in addition, the desideratum of eompacting as much stuffable casing into a given stick length as is technically feasible.
By way of illustration, a typical prior art packing efficiency may be calculated from the teachings of USP 3,528,825 to Doughty. Referring to column 5, line 75 through col. 6, line 5, we find the description of a shirred casing stick in which 95 feet (30 meters) of casing having an inflated outside diameter of 22/32 inch (1.75 cm? with a wall thickness of 0.001 inch (0.0254 mm) is shirred into a stick having an O.D. of 7/8 inch (2.22 cm), an I.D.
of 1/2 inch (1.27 cm), and a stick 1ength of 16-1/4 inches (41~28 crn). Using those data and the above formula for Packing Efficiency, it will be found that the prior art casing illustrated in Doughty has a packing efficiency of 0.374. The pack ratio of this prior art casing was 70; 95 feet (30 meters) shirred and compacted to 16-1/4 inches (41.28 cm).
THE STUFFING APPARATUS & CLIP Cl.OS RES
The inter~ediate or cr\ub size casings comprehended by the present invention can be stuffed with food emulsion on stuffing ~ 3~17 machines such as the SHIRMATICR (Reglstered Trade-mark of Union Carbide Corporation) automatic ~izing-stuffing apparatus described in U.S. Patent Re 30,390, for ins~ance, or on similar commercially available stuffing apparatus fit~ed with suitably si.zed ~tuf-ing horns. In handling chub size casings in the stuff-ing operation, ~uxiliary apparatus to apply the closure clips to the stuffed casing i8 customarily used. An automatic double clipper which is widely used with chub size stuffing apparatus applies two closure clips simultaneously to the casing material between the discrete food product lengths or links. Various gau.ge slips ean be applied, depending on the ~eights and viscosities of the product being stuffed. Gather-ing and ~ipping ~he casing at high speed, par~icularly wi~h the use of the advantageous controllably moistur-ized casings discussed hereinabove, requires that some casing ~lack be provided in order to not tear or unduly stretch the casing ma~erial, or to not overpressurize a stuffed product length and blow out the other clip closed end. The provision of slack casing to facili-tate the clipping closure operation by a casing slack-ening ~nd gathering technique and apparatus requires the reciprocal longitudinal movement of a easing carrier tenslon sleeve on the stuffing apparatus.
The present invention provides, as an el ment in the claimed combination of this application, the tension sleeve which ls operably connectable to a slackening apparatus.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
With this then being the state of the art, the present ~, 3~;
invention was conceived and developed to provide a shirred casing stick tension sleeve unitary article comprising a central substantially rigid hollow tension sleeve core with casing shirred and compressed thereon to a higher packing efficiency than here-tofore attained in the art and with means provided on the tension sleeve to operably connect it to a slackening mechanism on a stuffing machine.
It is a principal object of the presen~
invention to provide a high density shirred casing stick tension sleeve article of a type which is particularly useful in conjunction with au~omatic food stuffing machinery to make chub size food articles.
It is a further object of the invention to provide for the fabrlcation of cored high density shirred casing stick tension sleeve articles on presently available casing shirring machinery with only slight, if any, modi~ications thereto in order to produce articles according to the invention.
An important and particular object of the invention is to provide a high density shirred casing stick wherein the core itself becomes an element of a stuffing system in which it is incor-porated, specifically a reciprocally movable tension sleeve on a chub size automatic stuffing apparatus.
It should be noted however, in this connection, that the slackening clipping method and apparatus g _ 3 ~ ~
improvements on stuffing techniques for chub size products is considered to be a separate invention, the invention in this present case being only a specific adaptation of the cored hi.gh density concept to such techniques.
It is also to be noted in connection with this invention that the cored high density shirring concept itself is a separate invention.
An additional particular object of the invention is to provide a tension sleeve cored high density shirred casing stick article, provided in combination with a sizi~g means of one type or another mounted on the tension sleeve of the article and disposed internally o~ an unshirred portion of the shirred casing.
In general, the invention comprehends the combination of a substantially rigid tubular casing carrier tension sleeve; means at one end of said tension sleeve for connecting said tension sleeve to a reciprocally operable slacker mechanism on a stuffing apparatus; a con.trollably moisturized cellulosic food casing length having a moisture content of from about 16 percent to about 35 percent by total casing weight, shirred and compacted on said core to a packing efficiency greater than the packing efficiency of said same casing length shirred and co~pacted under the same shirring and compacting conditions without said core, said core ha~ing an outer circumference .
greater than the inner core circumference the same casing would have when shirred and compacted under the same shirring and compacting conditions without said core; and casing sizing means mounted on said tension sleeve, disposed interiorly of an unshirred portion of said shirr~d casing length.
It has been found advantageous in practicing the invention to keep the packing efficiency at 0.50 and higher.
The substantially rigid tubular ~ension sleeve core element of an article according to the invention may vary in wall thickness to suit the particular casing article and i1s adaptation - lOA -~ 13217 and utilization, and urther in accordance with the core material used, but, in general, it may be stated that the wall ~hickness of such tension sleeve is generally in the range of from about 0.040 inch (0.10 cm.) to ab~ut 0.060 inch ~0.15 cm.).
The means at one end of ~`he tension sleeve for connec~ing the tension sleeve to a reiprocally operable slacker mechanism on a stuffing apparatus may advanta-geously comprise an annular flange extending radially outward from the tubular surface of the tension sleeve.
In an alternative more specifically de~ailed em-bodiment of the invention, the tension sleeve flange is provided with a shoulder ~lement disposed between the end of the compacted casing and a facia surface of the flange. The shou:Lder means is designed ~o provide a space between the compacted end of ~he casing and the flange facia surface which facili~ates the operable con-nection of a slacker mechanism on a stuffing apparatus.
The sizing means provided in an ar~icle according to the invention may be a sizing disc, most preferably with a circumferential rim.
The preferred antimyco~ic agent, if one is used, is a chloride salt selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, ammonium chloride, calcium chloride, and potass:ium chloride.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF_THE_INVENTION
The inven~ion will now be described in greater particularity and with references to the single figure drawing 132~7 appended to this speci.ication whîch is an isomet.ric view of an article embodiment according to ~hP invention wherein the tension sleeve core element is used as a casing carrier to be slipped over a stufEing horn and attached to a slacker mechanism on a stuffing machine.
Referring to the drawing, the illustrated embodi-ment of the invention comprises a rigid ~ubular casing carrier core or tension slePve 11 provided at one end with a flange 13 for connecting the tension sleeve to a reciprocally mo~eable slacker mechanism 15 on a stuff-ing machine which, except for the slacker mechanism, is not otherwise sho~.
A casing 17 length, shirred and compacted to a high density condition is disposed on the tension sleeve 11 with one end contiguous to the flange 13 and the other end partially deshirred, pulled over a sizing disc 19, ~he unflanged end 21 of tension slee~e 11 and closed with a clip 23.
Sizing disc 19, as shown, is an annular cup-shaped disc mounted as shown in the drawing on tension sleeve 11 with a leg portion 25 extending outward radially from the outer surface of the tubular tension sleeve 11 to a circumferential rim 27 over which ~he deshirr~.d portion of casing 17 is pulled.
In order to accommodate and facilitate connection of the tension sleeve 11 flange 13 to ~he slacker mechanism 15, a shoulder element 29 may advantageously be arranged and disposed between the end 31 of the shirred and compacted cas.ing 1.7 and facia surface 33 of flange 13. The cri~erion for such an 33~
arrangement or any equivalent thereof is that the casing material be maintain~d clear and free of any possi~ly ddmaging contact with the slacker mechanism 15.
EXAMPLE I
Intermediate size fibrous casings according to the present invention may be prepared on tubular tension sleeve cores of high density polyethylene for use on stuffing machines to make medium size sausage products in accordance with the following table, ~able 1:
Casi~g Core Nominal Tube Inflated Outside Casing Casing Casing Diameter Diameter Pack Ratio Packin~ Efficienc~
Size Inche~ Inches Feet/Feet Cored Uncored 43 1.48 1.230 52 0.500 0.421 47 1.589 1.230 74 0.500 0~444 1.697 1.230 96 0.500 0.458 1.846 1.230 126 0.500 0.468 58 1.958 1.230 149 0.500 0.476
2.063 1.230 170 0.500 0.479 2.184 1.713 `97 ~.500 0.43g 2.387 1.713 139 0.500 0.461 2.582 1.713 17~ 0.500 0.~70 2.773 1.713 217 0.500 0.~78 g0 3.139 1.713 ~90 0.500 0.48~
3.349 1.713 332 0.500 0.487 100 3.502 1.713 359 0.500 0.488 11~ 3.775 1.713 2~ ~.500 0.491 ~ '3;~
The casing wall thickness :Eor the sizes 43 through 100 is 0.0024 inch, and for si~e 110, .0035 inch. The -tension sleeve core tube wall thickness is 0.050 inch and the packing efficiency is 0.50 in all cases for the cored samples, and as indicated in the last column for uncored samples shirred and compacted under the same respective conditions and to the same respective pack ratios, but without an~ core.
EXAMPLE II
Although the principal application of the invention is in the manufacture of the intermediate or chub size sausage products, the invention is as readily adaptable to and suitable for the manufacture of large size stuffed food products where tension sleeve operation is called for.
Large size fibrous casing articles according to the present invention for use on large product stuffing machines, such as described in USP Re. 30,390, for instance, and in any others where the aforedescribed tension sleeve operation is involved in the process, can be made up on high density poly-ethylene tubular cores in accordance with the following table, Table 2:
Casing Core Nominal Tube Inflated Outside Casing Casing Casing Diameter Diameter Pack Ratio Packing_Efficiency Size Inches Inches Feet/Feet. Cored Uncored . .
9 4.402 3.562 104 0O500 0.429 3~ ~.660 3.S62 136 0.500 0.447
The casing wall thickness :Eor the sizes 43 through 100 is 0.0024 inch, and for si~e 110, .0035 inch. The -tension sleeve core tube wall thickness is 0.050 inch and the packing efficiency is 0.50 in all cases for the cored samples, and as indicated in the last column for uncored samples shirred and compacted under the same respective conditions and to the same respective pack ratios, but without an~ core.
EXAMPLE II
Although the principal application of the invention is in the manufacture of the intermediate or chub size sausage products, the invention is as readily adaptable to and suitable for the manufacture of large size stuffed food products where tension sleeve operation is called for.
Large size fibrous casing articles according to the present invention for use on large product stuffing machines, such as described in USP Re. 30,390, for instance, and in any others where the aforedescribed tension sleeve operation is involved in the process, can be made up on high density poly-ethylene tubular cores in accordance with the following table, Table 2:
Casing Core Nominal Tube Inflated Outside Casing Casing Casing Diameter Diameter Pack Ratio Packing_Efficiency Size Inches Inches Feet/Feet. Cored Uncored . .
9 4.402 3.562 104 0O500 0.429 3~ ~.660 3.S62 136 0.500 0.447
4.807 3.562 154 0.500 0.45~
3011 5.27~ 4.250 127 0.500 0.430 12 5.76~ 4~250 187 0.500 0.454 The casing wall thickness is 0.004 inch for all of the tabulated sizes, the tension sleeve core tube wall thickness is ~.062 inch and the packing efficiency is 0.50 in all cases for the cored samples and as indicated in the last column for uncored samples shirred and compacted under the same respective conditions and to the respective pack ratios, but without any core.
Experimental work indicates that the high density polyethylene tesnion sleeve wall thickness for articles according to the invention should be in the range of from about 0.040 inch (0.10 cm) to about 0.060 inch ~0.15 cm).
Tension sleeves made of ABS, an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer tubing, work sa~isfactori-ly at somewhat lower wall thickness than the high density polyethylene tension sleeve cores.
Polyvinyl chloride tension sleeves are considered unsatisfactory because of very high friction between the casing and the tension sleeve core elements.
The selection of tension sleeve core material for the present invention will be a matter of economics and design choice, the principal design factor to be considered being choice of a core wall thickness, a strength, and a modulus of elasticity according to the material selected, adequate to resist the casing X
3 ~ ~
expansion forces which tend to distort and reduce the tension sleeve core bore size.
The invention then, as hereinabove described, provides a significant advance in the art. More shirred ~,, /.
~ 13217 casing in a given stick length makes for longer continuous production runs~ The use of premoisturized ox controllably moisturized casing is very important in combination with the other elements of the invention, since with prestuffing soaking eliminated, there is no need to.provlde interpleat interstices to faoilitate soaking, and the casings can be tightly compacted to the high density condition according to the invention.
Embodiments of the invention other than those described hereinabove, but within the spirit and scope of the invention, may, in the light of this disclosure, occur to persons familiar with the art. It is intended, there-fore, that the foregoing descrip-tion of the invention be construed as illustrative only and not in any limiting sense, the invention being properly defined and limited by the appended clai.ms.
3011 5.27~ 4.250 127 0.500 0.430 12 5.76~ 4~250 187 0.500 0.454 The casing wall thickness is 0.004 inch for all of the tabulated sizes, the tension sleeve core tube wall thickness is ~.062 inch and the packing efficiency is 0.50 in all cases for the cored samples and as indicated in the last column for uncored samples shirred and compacted under the same respective conditions and to the respective pack ratios, but without any core.
Experimental work indicates that the high density polyethylene tesnion sleeve wall thickness for articles according to the invention should be in the range of from about 0.040 inch (0.10 cm) to about 0.060 inch ~0.15 cm).
Tension sleeves made of ABS, an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer tubing, work sa~isfactori-ly at somewhat lower wall thickness than the high density polyethylene tension sleeve cores.
Polyvinyl chloride tension sleeves are considered unsatisfactory because of very high friction between the casing and the tension sleeve core elements.
The selection of tension sleeve core material for the present invention will be a matter of economics and design choice, the principal design factor to be considered being choice of a core wall thickness, a strength, and a modulus of elasticity according to the material selected, adequate to resist the casing X
3 ~ ~
expansion forces which tend to distort and reduce the tension sleeve core bore size.
The invention then, as hereinabove described, provides a significant advance in the art. More shirred ~,, /.
~ 13217 casing in a given stick length makes for longer continuous production runs~ The use of premoisturized ox controllably moisturized casing is very important in combination with the other elements of the invention, since with prestuffing soaking eliminated, there is no need to.provlde interpleat interstices to faoilitate soaking, and the casings can be tightly compacted to the high density condition according to the invention.
Embodiments of the invention other than those described hereinabove, but within the spirit and scope of the invention, may, in the light of this disclosure, occur to persons familiar with the art. It is intended, there-fore, that the foregoing descrip-tion of the invention be construed as illustrative only and not in any limiting sense, the invention being properly defined and limited by the appended clai.ms.
Claims (12)
1. A casing article comprising, in combination;
a substantially rigid tubular casing carrier tension sleeve core;
means at one end of said tension sleeve for connecting said tension sleeve to a reciprocally operable slacker mechanism on a stuffing apparatus;
a controllably moisturized cellulosic food casing length having a moisture content of from about 16 percent to about 35 percent by total casing weight, shirred and compacted on said core to a packing efficiency greater than the packing efficiency of said same casing length shirred and compacted under the same shirring and compacting conditions without said core, said core having an outer circumference greater than the inner bore circumference the same casing would have when shirred and compacted under the same shirring and compacting conditions without said core; and casing sizing means mounted on said tension sleeve, disposed interiorly of an unshirred portion of said shirred casing length.
a substantially rigid tubular casing carrier tension sleeve core;
means at one end of said tension sleeve for connecting said tension sleeve to a reciprocally operable slacker mechanism on a stuffing apparatus;
a controllably moisturized cellulosic food casing length having a moisture content of from about 16 percent to about 35 percent by total casing weight, shirred and compacted on said core to a packing efficiency greater than the packing efficiency of said same casing length shirred and compacted under the same shirring and compacting conditions without said core, said core having an outer circumference greater than the inner bore circumference the same casing would have when shirred and compacted under the same shirring and compacting conditions without said core; and casing sizing means mounted on said tension sleeve, disposed interiorly of an unshirred portion of said shirred casing length.
2. A casing article according to claim 1 wherein said packing efficiency is not less than about 0.50.
3. A casing article according to claim 1 wherein the casing inflated diameter is a size of from about 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) to about 3.9 inches (9.9 cm), the outside diameter of the rigid tubular core is from about 1.0 inches (2.54 cm) to about 2.0 inches (5.08 cm), and the pack ratio of unshirred to shirred length of casing is from about 50 to about 360.
4. A casing article according to claim 3 wherein the rigid tubular core wall thickness is from about 0.040 inch (0.10 cm) to about 0.060 inch (0.15 cm).
5. A casing article according to claim 1 wherein the inflated diameter of said casing is from about 4.0 inches (10.2 cm.) to about 6.00 inches (13.44 cm), the outside diameter of the tension sleeve core is from about 3.5 inches (9.1 cm) to about 4.3 inches (10.9 cm), and the pack ratio of unshirred casing length to shirred casing length is from about 100 to about 190.
6. A casing article according to claim 5 wherein the wall thickness of said tension sleeve core is from about 0.050 inch (0.127 cm) to about 0.075 inch (0.19 cm).
7. A casing article according to claim 1 wherein the means at one end of said tension sleeve for connecting said tension sleeve to a reciprocally operable slacker mechanism on a stuffing apparatus comprises an annular flange extending radially outward from the tubular surface of said tension sleeve.
8. A casing article according to claim 7 wherein said flange is provided with a shoulder element disposed between the end of the compacted casing and a facia surface of said flange, said shoulder means providing a space between the compacted end of said casing and said facia surface of said flange to provide for the operable connection of slacker mechanism means on a stuffing apparatus.
9. A casing article according to claim 1 wherein said sizing means is a sizing disc.
10. A casing article according to claim 9 wherein said sizing disc has a radially extending leg portion between the outer surface of the tubular tension sleeve and a circum-ferential rim of said sizing disc.
11. A casing article according to claim 1 wherein said controllably moisturized cellulosic food casing length is provided with an antimycotic agent in sufficient concen-tration to substantially preclude mold growth in said casing.
12. A casing article in accordance with claim 11 wherein said antimycotic agent is one selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, ammonium chloride, calcium chloride, and potassium chloride.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US27318081A | 1981-06-12 | 1981-06-12 | |
| US273,180 | 1981-06-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1183396A true CA1183396A (en) | 1985-03-05 |
Family
ID=23042840
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000403499A Expired CA1183396A (en) | 1981-06-12 | 1982-05-21 | Tension sleeve supported casing article |
Country Status (19)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS57208940A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT395277B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU542893B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE893494A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8203358A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1183396A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH649443A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3221922A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK154681C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES276072Y (en) |
| FI (1) | FI822087A0 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2507564B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2100571B (en) |
| GR (1) | GR77200B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1151624B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8202395A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO157762C (en) |
| PT (1) | PT75040B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE445511B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NZ200366A (en) * | 1981-05-01 | 1986-07-11 | Union Carbide Corp | Cored high density shirred food casing |
| US5038832A (en) * | 1981-05-01 | 1991-08-13 | Viskase Corporation | Cored high density shirred casings |
| US4606379A (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1986-08-19 | Union Carbide Corporation | Article for controlling casing depletion |
| US4608730A (en) * | 1985-07-05 | 1986-09-02 | Viskase Corporation | Disposable tension sleeve for a stuffing machine |
| DE9110734U1 (en) * | 1991-08-30 | 1991-11-14 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Filling tube for filling tubular casings |
Family Cites Families (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US30390A (en) * | 1860-10-16 | Improvement in tanning | ||
| CA454765A (en) * | 1949-03-01 | Flomen Edward | Stuffing horn for sausage machines | |
| US1868203A (en) * | 1926-04-14 | 1932-07-19 | Visking Corp | Sausage casing and method of preparing the same |
| DE499894C (en) * | 1928-10-13 | 1930-06-19 | Kalle & Co Akt Ges | Method for pulling cellulose tubes for sausage casings onto bars |
| US2001461A (en) * | 1934-06-08 | 1935-05-14 | Visking Corp | Shirred tubing and method of preparing the same |
| US2583654A (en) * | 1947-12-27 | 1952-01-29 | Transparent Package Company | Automatic shirring machine |
| NL244482A (en) * | 1958-10-20 | |||
| US2983949A (en) * | 1959-07-22 | 1961-05-16 | Union Carbide Corp | Apparatus for shirring sausage casings |
| CH378717A (en) * | 1960-03-12 | 1964-06-15 | Blechschmidt Otto | Method and device for providing ready-to-fill natural casings for sausage production |
| GB918250A (en) * | 1960-05-16 | 1963-02-13 | British And Colonial Casing Co | Packing and packages of sausage casings |
| GB942207A (en) * | 1960-08-19 | 1963-11-20 | Leslie John Quilter | Improvements relating to the packaging of sausage skins |
| GB1043435A (en) * | 1964-07-28 | 1966-09-21 | James Quilter Ltd | Improvements relating to the packaging of sausage skins |
| US3766603A (en) * | 1964-12-15 | 1973-10-23 | Union Carbide Corp | Shirred tubing, method and apparatus for making same |
| DE1507989A1 (en) * | 1965-10-08 | 1970-01-15 | Becker & Co Naturinwerk | Carrier for gathered sausage sleeves |
| GB1167377A (en) * | 1967-06-03 | 1969-10-15 | Viskase Ltd | Improvements in Shirred Tubular Food Casings |
| US3528825A (en) * | 1967-12-04 | 1970-09-15 | Union Carbide Canada Ltd | Shrink wrapped shirred casings |
| GB1241210A (en) * | 1968-09-12 | 1971-08-04 | Oppenheimer Casing Company U K | Improvements in or relating to shirred casings |
| US3826852A (en) * | 1971-10-28 | 1974-07-30 | R Levaco | Casing-carrier assembly and method |
| US4044426A (en) * | 1975-10-30 | 1977-08-30 | Union Carbide Corporation | Stuffing apparatus |
| US4017941A (en) * | 1975-10-30 | 1977-04-19 | Union Carbide Corporation | Casing sensing means for stuffing apparatus |
| US4007761A (en) * | 1975-10-30 | 1977-02-15 | Union Carbide Corporation | Prepackaged shirred tubular casing article |
| AT358944B (en) * | 1976-05-14 | 1980-10-10 | Union Carbide Corp | PUNCHING RING |
| US4077090A (en) * | 1976-05-14 | 1978-03-07 | Union Carbide Corporation | Food casing stuffing sizing control apparatus |
| FI63661B (en) * | 1976-10-15 | 1983-04-29 | Union Carbide Corp | STORT UTAN BLOETNING FYLLBART CELLULOSAHOELJE FOER FOEDOAEMNEN |
| DE2809385A1 (en) * | 1978-03-04 | 1979-09-06 | Hoechst Ag | ARRANGEMENT FOR FILLING A SHIRT, TUBULAR SHELL |
| USRE30390E (en) * | 1978-09-01 | 1980-09-02 | Union Carbide Corporation | Stuffing apparatus |
| CA1170494A (en) * | 1980-03-13 | 1984-07-10 | David E. Ellis | Controllably moisturized mold resistant cellulosic food casing |
| US4467499A (en) * | 1981-05-01 | 1984-08-28 | Union Carbide Corporation | Stuffing method and apparatus |
| NZ200366A (en) * | 1981-05-01 | 1986-07-11 | Union Carbide Corp | Cored high density shirred food casing |
| US4528825A (en) * | 1984-08-20 | 1985-07-16 | Whirlpool Corporation | Fold-down multiple position shelf for refrigerator |
-
1982
- 1982-05-21 CA CA000403499A patent/CA1183396A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-02 SE SE8203398A patent/SE445511B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-06-04 CH CH3488/82A patent/CH649443A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-06-08 BR BR8203358A patent/BR8203358A/en unknown
- 1982-06-09 DK DK259082A patent/DK154681C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-06-09 ES ES1982276072U patent/ES276072Y/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-09 PT PT75040A patent/PT75040B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-06-10 IT IT21799/82A patent/IT1151624B/en active
- 1982-06-10 GR GR68387A patent/GR77200B/el unknown
- 1982-06-10 NO NO821937A patent/NO157762C/en unknown
- 1982-06-10 AU AU84786/82A patent/AU542893B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-06-11 GB GB08216953A patent/GB2100571B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-11 NL NL8202395A patent/NL8202395A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-06-11 DE DE19823221922 patent/DE3221922A1/en active Granted
- 1982-06-11 FR FR8210182A patent/FR2507564B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-06-11 FI FI822087A patent/FI822087A0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-06-11 BE BE0/208333A patent/BE893494A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-06-11 AT AT0227682A patent/AT395277B/en active
- 1982-06-11 JP JP57099458A patent/JPS57208940A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO821937L (en) | 1982-12-13 |
| AU8478682A (en) | 1982-12-16 |
| BE893494A (en) | 1982-12-13 |
| JPS6140366B2 (en) | 1986-09-09 |
| IT8221799A0 (en) | 1982-06-10 |
| SE445511B (en) | 1986-06-30 |
| CH649443A5 (en) | 1985-05-31 |
| FR2507564A1 (en) | 1982-12-17 |
| ATA227682A (en) | 1987-01-15 |
| DK154681C (en) | 1989-05-01 |
| ES276072Y (en) | 1985-03-01 |
| AU542893B2 (en) | 1985-03-21 |
| GB2100571A (en) | 1983-01-06 |
| BR8203358A (en) | 1984-01-10 |
| GB2100571B (en) | 1984-12-12 |
| DE3221922C2 (en) | 1988-03-17 |
| JPS57208940A (en) | 1982-12-22 |
| ES276072U (en) | 1984-08-16 |
| PT75040A (en) | 1982-07-01 |
| NO157762B (en) | 1988-02-08 |
| PT75040B (en) | 1983-12-23 |
| AT395277B (en) | 1992-11-10 |
| DK154681B (en) | 1988-12-12 |
| FI822087A0 (en) | 1982-06-11 |
| SE8203398L (en) | 1982-12-13 |
| IT1151624B (en) | 1986-12-24 |
| DK259082A (en) | 1982-12-13 |
| NO157762C (en) | 1988-05-25 |
| GR77200B (en) | 1984-09-11 |
| FR2507564B1 (en) | 1986-11-28 |
| DE3221922A1 (en) | 1983-03-24 |
| NL8202395A (en) | 1983-01-03 |
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