CA1156836A

CA1156836A - Reaction chamber used in a coal gasification process

Info

Publication number: CA1156836A
Application number: CA000341009A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Jurgen Seipenbusch; Hans Dohren
Original assignee: Ruhrkohle AG
Current assignee: RAG AG
Priority date: 1978-11-30
Filing date: 1979-11-30
Publication date: 1983-11-15
Also published as: SU1047397A3; DE2962001D1; JPS5811473B2; PL219991A1; AU537219B2; BR7907722A; ZA796529B; DE2851704A1; JPS55112294A; EP0011904A1; PL123870B1; EP0011904B1; AU5333479A

Abstract

ABSTRACT
A reactor for a coal gasification process in which under partial oxidation of solid material containing carbon in the presence of water a car-bon monoxide and a synthesis-gas containing hydrogen are produced. The inven-tion is characterized by a vortex burner which preferably has a conduit ad-mitting the solid material without spiralling up to its encounter with combus-tive air or oxygen.

Description

3 1~

Reaction Chamber Used In A Coal Gasification Process.

The invention relates to a reaction chamber used in a coal gasification process in which under partial oxidation of carbonaceous solid material and addition of water a carbon monoxide and a hydrogeneous gas is produced which is used for synthetics and for fuel.

Every coal gasification process produces slag which must be removed from the generated gas. This is usually accomplished by means of a water bath located underneath the reaction chamber. If the liquified slag particles touch the surface of the wa-ter, they solidify. The solidified particles are supposed -to sink in the bath due to their higher specific weight, and to accumulate at the bottom of -the water ba-th or a sluice, from where the slag from time to time is removed without causing dis-turbance to the water bath.

It has now frequently been found that not all of the slag particles will sink to the bottom, but that some of the slag is buoyant and accumulates on the surface of the water bath. This leads on the one hand to clogging of the reaction chamber, and on the o-ther hand it results in an insufficient removal of the slag from the synthetic gas generated during the process. Particles of slag are .~

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carried to the next vessel where they subse~uently also cause clogging and functional disturbance.
It is, therefore, the aim of this invention to prevent the occurrence of buoyant slag.
Accordingly, this invention is based on the assumption that the huoyancy of slag is caused by an incomplete burning process which results in cavities in the slag. According to this invention, a higher degree of burning is achieved if the solids are allowed to remain longer in the reaction chamber. The dwelling time in the reaction chamber is prolonged if the solids are no longer moving through the reaction chamber along a straight path but along a spiral path. This spiral movement is caused in the reaction chamber by a vortex burner.
Thus, accordin~ to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a reactor -for coal gasification wherein partial oxidation of a solid material containing carbon in the presence of water produces a carbon monoxide and hydrogen containing gas, ::
comprising a vortex burner connected to said reactor having an inner cylindrical conduit ~or admission of oxygen or combustive air and an outer concentric cylindrical conduit cooperating with said inner conduit to define an annulus for receipt of said solid material and water, and generally inwardly projecting guide means comprising helical ribs inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the inner conduit and disposed within said inner conduit for establishing generally spiral motion to said oxygen or combustive air as it moves through said inner conduit wherein said ribs are 3 '~

a-t one end connected by articulation with said inner conduit and are glidingly supported at the other end in a recess of an annular nut which nu-t is adjustably connected to said inner conduit at the lnner periphery thereof.
Several examples of the invention are shown in the drawings:
Figure 1 is a schematical sketch of the entire gasification plant comprising a reaction chamber in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 2 shows a turbulence burner for the reaction chamber as shown in Figure 1.

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p ~igs. 3-~ show sec-tions of ano-ther version of a~
turbulence burner for the reaction chamber shown in Fig. 1.

Figs. 6 and 7 are details of a third version of a turbulence burner for the reaction chamber shown in Fig.l Figs.8-12 show a fourth version of a turbulance burner for the reaction chamber shown in Fig.l.

Fig. 13 shows a fifth version of a turbulance burner ~or the reaction chamber shown in Fig. 1.

According to Fig. 1, coal as obtained from the mine is by means of a conveyor transported to a mill where it is in the presence of water wet-milled. From the mill the coal-water-slurry is conveyed into a feeder equipped with a stirring device 3. The stirring device ensures a proper distribution of the coal in the water.

From the stirrer 3 the coal-water-slurry is removed by means o~ a pump4and via a pipe 5 conveyed to a turbulance burner 6. A pipe7for the supply of combustion air and/or pure oxygen leads likewise into the burner 6.

The burner 6 is located at the upper side of a reaction chamber 8. The reaction unit is o~ elongated shape comprising in longitudinal direction a passageway for the combustion material. The unit 8 is in an upright position so that the coal-water slurry and the combustion air and the oxygen ~ ~56&3'~

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respectively are blown by the burner from top to bottom into the reaction unit. At a barometric pressure of approximately between 10 - 200 bar and in the presence of water, the coal is partially oxidized. This reaction produces a carbon monoxide and a carbonous synthetic gas.
At the same time liquified slag particles fall on, which leave -the unit at the bottom and arrive in a jet unit. In the jet unit 9, the slag particles and the synthetic gas experience for the first time a significant cooling-off after the high temperature for combustion, which could lie between 1350 and 1500.

In the base of the jet unit 8 -there is provided a water bath. When the syn-the-tic gas touches the surface o~ this water bath~ it experiences another cooling-off. At the same time, the inert solids, the slag par-ticles, are propelled against the water bath. When they touch the surface of the water bath, they solidify. ~hey sink into the water and accumulate at the base of the jet unit 9. From there they are intermittantly drawn off into a sluice 10 from which they subsequently will be expelled without adversely in-fluencing the a-tmosphere in the reaction unit and the jet unit.

The synthe-tic gas which has, while in jet unit 9, has been diverted, arrives via pipe 11 at a convection cooler 12.
The convec-tion cooler 12 serves the purpose to further cool down the synthetic gas. There is a washer unit 13, arranged , ~

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a~ter the cooler. By means of this washer 13 the fly-away dust is washed out. The cleaned synthetic gas le~ves the washer 13 a-t the top of -the washer and is subse~uen-tly transported to a chemical plant to be used for raw material or to a metallurgical plant to be used for reducing gas.

The washer fluid is discharged at the base of -the washer 13 into a condenser lL~. The condenser extracts the major part of the liquid (preferably water should have been used) which is then recycled into the washer 13, while the remaining liquid by means of a pump 15 and via conveyor pipe 16 is pressed into the unit comprising the stirring mechanism.
This recycling step serves the condi-tioning of the coal-water-slurry and the utilization of combustable residues.

During the gasification process steam ~alls on, in the jet unit 9 as well as in the convection vessel 12; this s~eam is collected and via collector pipe 17 made available for other uses.

According to Fig. 2, the turbulance burner 6 consists o~
concentrically arranged pipes 20 and 21. Both pipes 20 and 21 comprise a conically shaped end, i.e., the outer pipe 20 comprises a mouth piece 22, the inside of which terminates at -the lid o~ the reaction unit 8. The mou-th piece 22 comprises recesses which form coolingconduits 23. These cooling conduits are during the process ~lushed with water ~7 ~ ~ v~3 3 ~

thereby reducing the thermal stress to which the burner is exposed.

The outer pipe 20 is composed of two pipe sections, each having a dlfferent diameter. The pipe section facing the mouth piece 22 has a smaller diameter. The two sections are bridged by a conical section 24. The conical section 24 creates, together with the reduction of the diameter, a jet effect upon the medium being conveyed between the two pipes 20 and 21, which in this case is the coal-water-slurry.
At the mouth piece 23 the coal-water-slurry thus accellerated experiences at the outlet cone 25 a further accelleration, At the outlet cone 25 there occurs a strong change of d;rection for the coal-water-slurry , Due to the high discharge speed this has a strong abrasive ef~ect upon the mouth piece 22, An insert cone 26 inserted into the mouthpiece 22 counteracts this danger, The insert cone has a funnel-like shape and is pushed or placed inside the outle-t cone and connected to the mouth piece 22 by me~ns o~ welding or pegs.
The pegs can be placed at random and don't have to be particularly strong since the insert cone is,during the operation, inside the mou-thpiece 23 pressed against the outlet cone 25 by the combustion material passing through.
The load of impact is therefore absorbed by the mouth piece 22 and by the outlet cone 25. Taking into consideration the minimal s-train to which it is exposed, i-t is sufficient if -the insert cone 26 is spot-welded.

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The insert cone 26 extends somewhat beyond the mouth piece 22, forming thus a sharp edge 27. The edge 27 offers sig-nificant dynamic advantages in connection with the discharged combustion material.

The diame-ter of the outlet of the insert cone could lie between 20 and 30 mm. The size of this diameter results from the reductlon of the diameter existing be-tween the bridge 24 and the outlet cone 25 to 1/3 - 1/4 of that diameter. The angle of inclination of the outlet cone 25 is between 40 and 80 related to the inner wall of the reaction unit, and between 10 and 50 in relation ,ItO the longitudinal aXis of the burner.

The various pipe sections of the outer pipe 20 are in aGcordance to Fig. 1 of the drawings welded together.
A connection by means of screws or clamps is also possible.

In the present case, the inner pipe 21 serves as supply line for oxygen and combustion air. It is at its front end secured to the outer pipe by means of four centering pins 28 which are evenly distributed along the circumference.
The centering pins make sure that the two pipes 20 and 21 are aligned. This is necessary for a con-trolled mixing of the supplied oxygen and combustion alr,respectively~ with the coal-water-slurry supplied between the pipes 21 and 21.

Similar to pipe 20, pipe 21 consists of several sections.

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~he sections are welded together or could also be connected to each other by other means. It is of importance that they are tightly sealed in order to prevent a premature mixing of oxygen or combustion air respectively with the coal-water-slurry.

Pipe 21 comprises at its tip an outlet cone 29. The outlet cone 29 is in two ways conical, it is conical on -the inside as well as on the outside. Preferably the inclination on the outside should be the same as on the outlet cone 25.
However, deviations up to 20 in both directions are acceptable.

The same ratios are intended for the inside, therefore, the same degree of inclination as in outlet 25, but here again, devia-tions up to 20 in bo-th directions are acceptable.

For the purpose of preventing abrasion, outlet cone 29 is provided with a relatively thick wall. In anticipation of abrasion and in order to ensure equilibrium of diameters the outlet cone 29 should have a cylindrical outlet. The length of this cylinder should be equal to 1/3 to 2/3 of the diameter of the opening.

An aerodynamical body 31 is arranged in fron-t of` outlet cone 29 in flowdirection of the escaping oxygen or combustion gas respectively, -to prevent the loss of power inside of pipe 21.

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In accordance with ~igllre 2, the aeroclynamical body is essentially of cylincrical shape with bevelled or conical edges. This shape is a result of simple cons-truction.
Preferably hovlever it should be drop-shaped with its pointed end extending into opening 31. The blunt end of the body 31 should ~e spaced from the end of pipe 21 a distance equal to 1 1/2 -to 2 1/2 times the diameter of the opening 30. The maximum diameter of the body should be between 1/2 and 3/4 of the size of the opening 30.

The aerodynamical body is secured in pipe 21 by means of 3 or 4 equally distributed pins. The webs 32 are preferably welded to the body 31 and to pipe 21. ~or aerodynamical reasons they have a small diameter. The small diameter of the webs 32 provides of course limited support to the webs. This support may however be signi~ican-tly increased if the webs sho~m in Fig.2 as dotted lines 33 are arranged in such a manner that they are effected essentially by the draf-t from the inflowing media. In accordance with ~ig. 1 this is similar in effect -to- a suspended arrangement o~ the aerodynamical body 31.

There are furthermore 2 webs 24 loca-ted lnside the pipe 21 which extend along the inner wall of the pipe in a semi screwlil~e line. That means tha-t each web covers an area of just 180 of the circumference of the inner half of pipe 21. Bo-th webs 34 run in the same direction and are arranged diametrically to each other~ Their position is shifted by q ~,~ ~ i /

180 with regard to each other. The webs are weided to the inside of -the wall of the pipe or secured in any other manner. Their cross sectional shape can be rectangular or round or of any other shape. ~ectangular or round shapes are however particularly suitable.

The number of webs may vary. At least one web must be provided. The only limitation is with regard to the width of the webs. Otherwise there is no limitation to the number of webs that could be installed. The length of the webs should form a sector arc of at least 60 but no more than 300.

The distance between the webs and -the pipe 21 should not be less than half the diameter and not more -than twice the diameter of the opening of the outlet 30 or of the opening of the cone 2~ or of the insert cone 26.

It is the purpose of the webs to induce a twisting motion to the oxygen or combustion air while these are passing through the pipe. The curren-t created is dic-tated by the angle of inclination of the webs in relation to the longi-tudinal axis of the pipe. According to ~ig. 2, this angle is L~5. It may also measure between 20 and 70.

It is essential to remember that even a minimum height o~
the web is sufficient to induce a satisfying current.

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0,01 times the innder diameter of pipe 21 could be considered to be the minimvm requirement for the height of the web. The maximum height should not be more than 0,~ times the inner diameter of pipe 21. It is of advan-tage that the minimum hei~ht of the web will permit the aerodynamical body 31 -to be located in the area of the webs 34. Such a location is of advantage if current loss is to be prevented.

The whirl effect maintained by the oxygen a~d -the combustion air by means of webs 31~ is dependent on the velocity of flow in the pipe 21. The veloci-ty of flow, in turn, is determined by the inner diameter of the pipe and by pressure.
Furthermore has to be taken into consideration that a certain amount of oxygen and combustion air must be brough-t into contact with the coal-water-slurry.

The rat;o between volume of oxygen and volume of coal-water-slurry lies between 5 and 15. l~here combustion air is applied the ratio is 25 to 75.

A burner of a magnitude depicted in ~i~,2 wi-th a capacity of between 5,000 m3/h and 15.000 m3/h results in a oxygen velocity between 50 m/sec and 150 m/sec. which depends on the volume ratio, the diamete~ ratio and the ra-tio of ~he outlet openings ol the pipes. The calculations are based on a diameter of pipe 21 which equals 1/2 -to 2 times the diameter of the outlet opening 30.

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~3 The velocity of -the coal-water slurry is relatively low.
The slurry moves through the space between -the pipes 20 and 21 at a flow rate of l~/sec. to 2m/sec. Due to the much hlgher velocity of the oxygen stream and combustion air stream, the particles of the slurry, when entering the mouthpiece, are picked up by the air current and dragged along. A-t -the same time the particles are subjected to the whirling motion of the oxygen stream. This results in the fact tha-t the combustion material leaves in its entirety the burner in a whirling motion and mo~es along a spiral path through the reaction uni-t. The spiral pa-th however is much longer than a straigt path which would run exactly through the uni-t in longitudinal direction. The combus-tion material has therefore a much longer dwelling time in -the reaction unit resulting in a much bet-ter burn-out.

As shown in Figs. 3-~, provisions have been made to be able to vary the incline of the webs so that the webs may be adjusted to different circumstances and variations in the turbulence in order to achieve a di~ferent degree of burn-out. The adjustable webs are indicated by tne number 40. These webs are metal plates. They are inclined and run along a spiral path on the inner wall of the pipe.
The plates may be cut out of sheet metal in the shape of semi circles and pulled in-to the desired spiral shape. They could also be cut out of a longitudinal sheet and be bent into the desired spiral shape. ~ith re~ard to the plates 40 _ ~

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this is facilita-ted by slo-ts 41 indicated in dotted lines, These slots are diagonal to the longitudinal directio-n of ~he plate and are placed at random. Equal distribu-tion would be more suitable. Depending on the width of the plate 40 and t'ne dep-th of the slot 41, one singular slot 41 could be sufficient -to give -the desired flexibility to the plate. The slots are accomplished by drilling a hole in the end of the slot and cutting by means o~ a saw -thro~gh the plate 40 towards the hole. Plates 40 being construc`ted of resilient steel this process has to be completed prior to the heattreatment required for this material.

It is not necessary tha-t the edges wi-th their entire length touch the in~er wall of the pipe for a per~ect fit. Deviations have no adverse e~fec-t. I-t does not matter whether Plates 41 are inclined di~ferently ~rom each other. The plates 40 do not even have to touch the wall.

Important is however, how they are sup~orted. Preferably they should be fastened at the upper and lower edge. At the upper end the plates 40 are provided with lashes 42 which are bevelled and by means of which they hool~ into the recesses 43. These recesses 43 are located in a sleeve 44 fitted inside a pipe 45. The pipe 45 iS identical wi-th pipe 21 with the ex~ception of the sleeve 44. In the case of cast pipes, these sleeves can be cast toge-ther wi-th the pipe 45. Otherwise a ring is welded on. The welded-on ,~' 1 ~3~&3'~) rin~ perr~i-ts a sirnple construction of -the recesses 43.
The recesses i-n this case can easily be milled into the ring prior to the welding process. Instead of milling, the recesses may also be drilled in or sawed in~ in which case the ring is sawed open up to -the borehole.

At the lower end 46, the plates rest in a nu-t of a eye-nu-t 47.
The eye-nut 47 rests in a section o~ the pipe 4~ which has been provided with an internal t'nreading. Since there is not much wear and tear -to be expected arisin~ fro~ the combus-tion material passing through, the inner -threading of pipe L~5, indicated as 48, can be left uncovered. I~ the need arises, it can be covered up. This can be acco~plished by means of a sleeve 4~ for eye nut 47~ indicated in a do~tted line on the drawings. Between sleeve 49 and the internal threadîn~ 4~ is therefore just enough tolerance to allow for axial moveMen-t of the eye nut.

Adjustment of the eye nut in axial direction causes a change in the distance to the sleeve in the pipe 4~. The plates 40 adjus-t themselves to this change in that -they slide with their ends 46 in radial direction into the nut 50 of -the eye nut 47. This causes a different inclination of the plates which are held with their upper ends in the recesses 43 o~
the sleeve 44. Outward movement of plates 40 in radial direction is restricted by the pupe 45 and by the eye nut 47 respectively. ~o a~ditional restriction with regard to inward movement is necessary if an aerodynamic body 31 i$ present. 6 -~7 ~ ~ ~,G & 3 '~) since at least the aerodynamical body 31 prevents the plates from sliding out of the eye-nu-t 47 or from slipping ou-t of -the recesses 43, and since a change in the arranrgement of -the pla-tes 40 in radial direction within the space bet~Neen pipe 45 and the aerodynamical body 31 represents no danger.

~here a pipe 45 is used withou-t -the aerodynamical body 31, slipping-out of the plates 40 is prevented by closin~-off recesses 43 in radial direction and by means of a lash and nut arranged at the lower end of the plates. Closing-off of recess 43 can be accomplished by means of a ring 51 which is indicated in the drawings in Fig.3 with a dotted line, and which is welded to the sleeve 44 or secured ih another way. The additional lash at the lower end 46 is indicated by number 53 and is sho~,~n in a dotted line, Furthermore is also the eye nut 54 belonging to the lash running in circumferantial direction indicated by a dotted line. The eye nut is located in the lower supporting plate at the end of the plate 46. The eye nut 54 does not interfere with the escape movemen-t of plates 40 in the event of an adjustment of eye nut 47~

Eye nut 47 is adjusted by means o~ a special key which in-terlocks with bolts in boreholes 52 of eye nut 47. The boreholes 52 are equally distributed and arranged within the eye nut 47. IrJhen the adjustment ha- been made, the eye nu-t 47 is arrested by means of a lock nut 55. The lock nut 55 J
~8 ~ ~5~3'3 comprises a number of equally distributed boreholes 52 in the same manner as eye nut 47. All boreholes should be constructed alike in order to complement each other despite the fact that nut 47 and nu-t 55 have different diameters, so that the same key may be used for both nuts. The spacing between the bol-ts in the key complement the recesses in the boreholes.

Where the eye nut 47 is provided with a protective sleeve 49 to protect the internal threading 48 in pipe 45, the eye nut is likewise provided with such a protective sleeve (not shown) e~tending downwards.

The plates 40 are arranged in such a manner that the deforma-tion that is caused by an adjustmen-t will occur in the flexible area. This will ensure that the plate re-turns to i-ts original shape af-ter the re-adjustment~ Furthermore, deformations which do not return into their normal shape have no harmful effect as long as the ends 46 of the plate 40 are pressed against the eye nut 47 by the combus-tion air during operation of the unit. At the upper end, the plates are held in place in that the lashes are provided with bent edges which inside the aperture interlock with a protrusion provided in said aperture. The aperture 43 is subsequently, as shown in Fig. 4 of angular cross section. The plates 40 are li~ewise by ~eans of bent edges secured in an aperture created by a borehole, where the diameter of the borehole ~5~&3l3 is larger than the slot subsequently leading to -the borehole.

In accordance with ~igs. ~, and 7, a pipe 45 is replaced by a pipe 60. The cross section of` these webs is round.
They are cons-tructed from wire and the ends are both turned back. They are adjustable and provide the necessary twist.
Similar to webs 40, webs ~1 are held at the lower end by an eye nut 47 and adjus-ted. ~or this purpose the webs are bent at the lower end which interloc~s with the eye nut ~4.

~t -the upper end the webs are provided with radial hool~s which interlock with corresponding blind-end bores 62 in pipe 60. The blind~end-bores 62 are located diametrically on the inner wall i~e. at points which correspond with the aper-tures 43.

The adjustment of the webs 40 and 61 ~rom the lower end of the pipe 45 and 60 requires either the dismantlin~
of these pipes or is made from the inside o~ -the reaction uni-t if the unit is not in operation.

If the top of the turbulence burner has slightly cooled down and the -thermal stress of the adjustment device has been increased, adjustments may also be made from top -to bottom. The adjustment device is in this connection composed of the eye nut 47, the lock nut 55, and of the internal threading 48. The webs are then secured at the lower end /9~Q

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and are ad,justed at the upper end by correspondingly reversing the arrangement of the eye nut and locX nut.
~e~ersed arrangement rneans in this case arrangement of -the eye nut and lock nut and of -the associated interior threading above the inner ring ~4 or the blind-end~bore 62.

Fig~ 8 shows a cross section of a -turbulence burner permitting adjustment while in operation.

In -the example of this turbulence burner, the outer pipe 70 corresponds -to the outer pipe 20. This pipe 70 is provided on its upper surface with a centrical flange 71 ~urthermore, the pipe 70 possesses at its upper end at the side a connection flange 72 for the supply of the coal-water-slurry. The centrical flange 71 is for motm-ting purposes constructed as a removable lid. It has a centrical opening in which a pipe is ~i-tted, slidingly, sealingly and rotatabl~.
For adjustment purposes the pipe is provided with an outside screw-thread 74. The outside screw--thread 7L~ corresponds to an inside screw-thread of the flange 71. Pipe 73 slides into pipe 70 which is wider and which in turn is centrically located inside pipe 75. Pipes 73 and 75 form a pipe which corresponds to inner pipe 20. It consists however of several sections which can be telescopically put -together, and its lower part corresponds to some degree to the lower end of pipe 21. Compared to pipe 21, the difference lies in the fact that pipe 75 is by means of centering pins 28 at the same time sec~red to a ledge 76, located in pipe 70. Upwardly ~c~

~9 ~, '5 ~; t3 3 !3 a lock could be provided by means of a removable spring or circlips. The rings are inserted in a nut loca-tecl above the cen-terin pins 28 in the pipe 70 and prevent the pipe 7 from moving upwards in frictional touch together wi-th pipe 73. Circlips are particularly well suited for this process. These special clamps reach into the boreholes of the circlips so that these rings which are provided wi-th wide slots ~lay easily be compressed and inserted into the pipe 70 and subsequently easily be taken out of this pipe 70.
The pipe 70 encloses at the same time movable webs which are indicated as number 77. In this case these are two webs which are arranged between the pipe 73 and a ledge 78 of pipe 7~. The webs are positioned in the same manner as webs 40 and 61, The same as webs ~0 webs 77 consist of metal sheets and are of rec~tangular cross section. In order to reduce the current loss caused by the attachment of the webs 77, the webs 77 ara at their ou-ter edges covered merely by a few mm by the pipe 73 and by the led~e 78.
This is tantamount to a relativel~ small diameter if the pipe 73 has a normal cross section. This does not exclude the use of other cross sectional thicknesses in o-ther areas of pipe 73, in particular opposite of the connection flan~e 73.

The particular shape of the webs 77 simplifies the con-struction of the -turbulence burner throug'n the use of movable webs and imparts even without the use of the aerod~namic bod~ 31 sufficient su?port . The particular ~ iLv~&3~ -`~; , The particular shape of the webs 77 is charac-terized in that they in accordance wi-th ~ig. 8 of the drawings look like spirals and according -to ~ have only a cross-section of half spirals. The webs 77 arc along the inner wall of -the pipe as do the other webs, 40 and 61 . The upper end and the lower end comprise a lash 79 which extends alon~ a semi circle. Fig. 9 shows the two webs opposi-te from each other in a plan view. Figs. 10 and 11 show details of a web 77 in 2. plan view. According to this, a lash 79 is provided at the upper end 80 of the web 77 shown in ~ig. 9 below line ~1. In accordance with Fig, 10, this lash points to the right, but according to Fig. 9 it points to the left due -to the fact that is has been bent. At the lower end 82 of the associated web 77 there is a lash provided which runs t;o the lef't, which is also sho~ in ~ig. 11, The two upper lashes 79 of the two webs combine to a rlng. In the same manner, -the two lower lashes of the two webs 77 form a ring. Both webs are then held by the upper ring and by the lower ring of lashes 79. If the pipe 73 has been moved in axial direction, the ends of the webs must be adjusted to the new distance.
This adjustment is made by turning the rings.

As described above, the two webs 77 and the associated lashes 79, when seen from the top, form semi circular elements as shown in ~ig. 9. In the event -that more than two webs shall be used, the webs would together with their associated lashes form segments, the segments, however, would no longer extend ~ ~Z

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sj over 130 but over 120. If e~en more webs were considered, the sector angle would seen from a top view decrease accordi-ngly.

In Fig. 12 the locking device is shol~m which is necessary to adjust pipe 73. It is thereby assumed that the pipe 7 leadin~ to pipe 73 for oxygen and combus-tion air is a flexible pipe in order -to be able -to follow the longi-tudinal movement of pipe 73.

The pipe 7 is provided at its end with a flange 90 located opposite flange 91 associated with pipe 73. Between these two flanges 90 and 91 -there is provided a sliding disc cornprising an opening ~or the oxygen and the combustion air respectively? flowing from pipe 7 into pipe 73. Both flanges 90 and 91 are enclosed by housing half members 93 and 94 consisting of several sections.

The housing half members 93 and 94 are tightly connected to each other, i.e. they are tightly screwed together. The sectional structure of the housing half mernbers serves the purpose of assembling on-to pipe 7 and flange 91 respec-tively.
The housing half members 93 and 94 contain sealing devices 95 and 9~ which secure the tight sealing between pipe 7 and housing half member 93 respectively.

~3 The ~exa,gonal '~7 located between ~lang,e 91 and -the end of the pipe, is provided for adjustment purposes. The pipe 73 located on the Hexagonal 91 can be adjusted by means of conventional fixed spanners.

In ~ig. 13, a turbulence burner is shown comprising a centrlcal supply pipe for the coal-wa-ter-slurry. The centrical pipe is ~or~ed by pipe 100. The pipe 100 is provided with guide plates 101 whlch guide the coal-water-slurry inside the pipe along a s-traight line. The pipe 100 encloses a further pipe 102 which serves as supply pipe for a pilot burner 103. The pilot burner 103 is in the example constructed as a gas burner.

If the coal-wa-ter-slurry is supplied centrically, the oxygen and combustion air is in con-trast to the iurbulence burners shown in ~igs. 2~12, supplied via pipe 104 which concentrically encloses the supply pipe for the coal-water-slurry. The supply pipe 104 is ~ormed by pipe 100 and pipe 105 plus by one pipe which concentrically encloses pipe 100. The supply for the pipe 104 is the same as for pipe 70. The supply ~or the coal-water-slurry pipe is the same as the one for pipe 73.

Guide pla-tes 106 are arranged in the supply line 104.
The guide plates are rotatably mounted on bolts 107 which extend through the outer pipe 105 and are in turn ~1~3~6 themselves rotatably mounted. If the guide plates 106 are properly secured -to the bolts 107, the guide plates will be activated as soon as the bolts are turned. In the example, the bolts are moved by hand.
The bolts are secured in -their individual position by means of a rod 108. The rod is movably arranged on the outer pipe 105. It could in co-operation with a number of bolts and a number of boreholes protruding through the outer pipe 105 be used to restrict the movement of the bolts.

Depending on their posi-tio-n, the guide plates 106 activate a whirl movement in the flow stream of the combustion air and of -the oxygen respectively.

Claims

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. A reactor for coal gasification wherein partial oxidation of a solid material containing carbon in the presence of water produces a carbon monoxide and hydrogen containing gas, comprising a vortex burner connected to said reactor having an inner cylindrical conduit for admission of oxygen or combustive air and an outer concentric cylindrical conduit cooperating with said inner conduit to define an annulus for receipt of said solid material and water, and generally inwardly projecting guide means comprising helical ribs inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the inner conduit and disposed within said inner conduit for establish-ing generally spiral motion to said oxygen or combustive air as it moves through said inner conduit wherein said ribs are at one end connected by articulation with said inner conduit and are glidingly supported at the other end in a recess of an annular nut which nut is adjustably connected to said inner conduit at the inner periphery thereof.

2. The reactor of claim 1 characterized in that the ribs are rectangular or round in cross-section.

3. The reactor of claim 2 characterized in that the inclination of the ribs amounts to between 20°and 70° relative to the longitudinal axis of the conduit.

4. The reactor of claim 1 characterized in that the ribs have a length corresponding to a half-pitch distance.

5. The reactor of claim 4 including the ribs extend in the radial direction on a length or breadth which is equal to 0.01 times to 0.4 times the diametral dimension of said inner conduit.

6. The reactor of claim 1 including said outer conduit for solid materials ends in a conical tip and/or said inner conduit for the oxygen or the combustive air has a conical tip.

7. The reactor of claim 6 characterized in that the conduit for the solid material across the conical tip is reduced in diametral dimension to 1/3 - 1/4.

8. The reactor of claim 7 including providing an inclination angle of between about 40° and 80° between the outer conduit tip transversely of the running longitudinal axis of the outer wall of the vortex burner.

9. The reactor of claim 8 including the diametral dimension of the exit of the vortex burner being between about 18 and 30 mm.

10. The reactor of claim 9 including the tip of the inner conduit for the oxygen or the combustive air deviates in its conicity by a maximum of 20° from the inclination angle of the conicity of outer conduit tip.

11. The reactor of claim 10 characterized by a cylindrical orifice in the conical tip of the conduit for oxygen or the conduit for combustive air, the length of which is equal to one-third to two-thirds of the orifice diameter of outer conduit tip.

12. The reactor of claim 1 including said inner conduit in the zone before the outlet tip thereof has 1.2 to 2 times the diameter of the cylindrical exit orifice at the outlet tip thereof.

13. The reactor of claim 12 including the tip of the inner conduit for the oxygen or the combustive air has a distance from the exit orifice of the vortex burner which is equal to 0.75 to 1.6 times the diameter of the exit orifice.

14. The reactor of claim 13 including a streamlined body disposed in the conduit for the oxygen or the combustive air.

15. The reactor of claim 14 characterized by a suspension arrangement for the streamlined body.

16. The reactor of claim 15 characterized in that the streamlined body is disposed in the zone of the ribs.

17. The reactor of claim 1 including a conical insert at the exit orifice of the vortex burner.

18. The reactor of claim 17 characterized by a projecting sharp breaking collar at the exit tip of the conical insert.