CA1128076A - Cement composition - Google Patents
Cement compositionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1128076A CA1128076A CA326,268A CA326268A CA1128076A CA 1128076 A CA1128076 A CA 1128076A CA 326268 A CA326268 A CA 326268A CA 1128076 A CA1128076 A CA 1128076A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cement
- weight
- pozzolan
- ions
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 289
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 204
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001447 ferric ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- -1 sali-cylate anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011412 natural cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 111
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 65
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 17
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 16
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Inorganic materials [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]C#N VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001448 ferrous ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HFEFMUSTGZNOPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Chemical compound OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO HFEFMUSTGZNOPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ABBQHOQBGMUPJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium salicylate Chemical compound [Na+].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O ABBQHOQBGMUPJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007630 basic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010082357 dividin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- MSNWSDPPULHLDL-UHFFFAOYSA-K ferric hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Fe+3] MSNWSDPPULHLDL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940060367 inert ingredients Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004025 sodium salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/04—Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
- C04B24/06—Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof containing hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US89969978A | 1978-04-24 | 1978-04-24 | |
| US899,699 | 1978-04-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1128076A true CA1128076A (en) | 1982-07-20 |
Family
ID=25411423
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA326,268A Expired CA1128076A (en) | 1978-04-24 | 1979-04-24 | Cement composition |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS54145731A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU4640579A (de) |
| BR (1) | BR7902524A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA1128076A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE2916315A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES479888A1 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2443438A2 (de) |
| GB (1) | GB2020267B (de) |
| IL (1) | IL57132A (de) |
| IT (1) | IT1162299B (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3133882A1 (de) * | 1981-07-20 | 1983-02-03 | Sika AG, vorm. Kaspar Winkler & Co., 8048 Zürich | Verfahren zum korrosionsschutz von armierungseisen, spannkabel und dergleichen in bauteilen |
| DE3419453A1 (de) * | 1984-05-24 | 1985-11-28 | Brase, Jerry L., St. Helena, Calif. | Aus extrudierten profilen hergestellte bauteile, insbesondere fuer die einbettung in beton |
| US5536310A (en) * | 1991-11-27 | 1996-07-16 | Sandoz Ltd. | Cementitious compositions containing fly ash |
| US5556458A (en) * | 1991-11-27 | 1996-09-17 | Sandoz Ltd. | Cementitious compositions |
| CH684476A5 (de) * | 1991-11-27 | 1994-09-30 | Sandoz Ag | Zementmischungen. |
| US5624489A (en) * | 1995-01-23 | 1997-04-29 | National Research Council Of Canada | Conversion-preventing additive for high alumina cement products |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE849527C (de) * | 1948-10-10 | 1952-09-15 | Deutsche Erdoel Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung leichter Kunststeinmassen |
| GB713979A (en) * | 1951-04-05 | 1954-08-18 | Pierre Marie Antoine Joseph Fo | Improvements in or relating to cement |
| FR1204335A (fr) * | 1957-12-16 | 1960-01-25 | Houillere Du Bassin De La Loir | Ciment |
-
1979
- 1979-04-20 FR FR7910135A patent/FR2443438A2/fr active Pending
- 1979-04-23 DE DE19792916315 patent/DE2916315A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1979-04-23 IT IT4882279A patent/IT1162299B/it active
- 1979-04-24 GB GB7914275A patent/GB2020267B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-04-24 ES ES479888A patent/ES479888A1/es not_active Expired
- 1979-04-24 AU AU46405/79A patent/AU4640579A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1979-04-24 JP JP5079179A patent/JPS54145731A/ja active Pending
- 1979-04-24 CA CA326,268A patent/CA1128076A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-04-24 IL IL5713279A patent/IL57132A/xx unknown
- 1979-04-24 BR BR7902524A patent/BR7902524A/pt unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IL57132A (en) | 1982-07-30 |
| GB2020267A (en) | 1979-11-14 |
| DE2916315A1 (de) | 1979-10-31 |
| GB2020267B (en) | 1983-01-12 |
| IT1162299B (it) | 1987-03-25 |
| IT7948822A0 (it) | 1979-04-23 |
| JPS54145731A (en) | 1979-11-14 |
| AU4640579A (en) | 1979-11-01 |
| BR7902524A (pt) | 1979-10-30 |
| ES479888A1 (es) | 1980-08-16 |
| FR2443438A2 (fr) | 1980-07-04 |
| IL57132A0 (en) | 1979-07-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |