CA1107467A - Polycarbonate membranes for use in hemodialysis - Google Patents
Polycarbonate membranes for use in hemodialysisInfo
- Publication number
- CA1107467A CA1107467A CA000273029A CA273029A CA1107467A CA 1107467 A CA1107467 A CA 1107467A CA 000273029 A CA000273029 A CA 000273029A CA 273029 A CA273029 A CA 273029A CA 1107467 A CA1107467 A CA 1107467A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- polycarbonate
- membranes
- cuprophan
- permeability
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 225
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000001631 haemodialysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000000322 hemodialysis Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- FDJOLVPMNUYSCM-WZHZPDAFSA-L cobalt(3+);[(2r,3s,4r,5s)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2r)-1-[3-[(1r,2r,3r,4z,7s,9z,12s,13s,14z,17s,18s,19r)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2 Chemical compound [Co+3].N#[C-].N([C@@H]([C@]1(C)[N-]\C([C@H]([C@@]1(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=C(\C)/C1=N/C([C@H]([C@@]1(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=C\C1=N\C([C@H](C1(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=C/1C)[C@@H]2CC(N)=O)=C\1[C@]2(C)CCC(=O)NC[C@@H](C)OP([O-])(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](N2C3=CC(C)=C(C)C=C3N=C2)O[C@@H]1CO FDJOLVPMNUYSCM-WZHZPDAFSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930003779 Vitamin B12 Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011715 vitamin B12 Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019163 vitamin B12 Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005534 hematocrit Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009449 neurobehavioral function Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 170
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 33
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 29
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatinine Chemical compound CN1CC(=O)NC1=N DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 16
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 15
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 13
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229940109239 creatinine Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- GHAFORRTMVIXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L bromosulfophthalein sodium Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=C(C(O)=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C(C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C2Br)=C2C(=O)O1 GHAFORRTMVIXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229940045136 urea Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 208000033808 peripheral neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric Acid Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1NC(=O)N2 LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- -1 polyethylene glycol Chemical compound 0.000 description 5
- 229960001734 sulfobromophthalein Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920001202 Inulin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric acid Natural products N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2NC(=O)NC21 TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N inulin Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)OC[C@]1(OC[C@]2(OC[C@]3(OC[C@]4(OC[C@]5(OC[C@]6(OC[C@]7(OC[C@]8(OC[C@]9(OC[C@]%10(OC[C@]%11(OC[C@]%12(OC[C@]%13(OC[C@]%14(OC[C@]%15(OC[C@]%16(OC[C@]%17(OC[C@]%18(OC[C@]%19(OC[C@]%20(OC[C@]%21(OC[C@]%22(OC[C@]%23(OC[C@]%24(OC[C@]%25(OC[C@]%26(OC[C@]%27(OC[C@]%28(OC[C@]%29(OC[C@]%30(OC[C@]%31(OC[C@]%32(OC[C@]%33(OC[C@]%34(OC[C@]%35(OC[C@]%36(O[C@@H]%37[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%37)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%36)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%35)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%34)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%33)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%32)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%31)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%30)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%29)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%28)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%27)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%26)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%25)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%24)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%23)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%22)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%21)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%20)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%19)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%18)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%17)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%16)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%15)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%14)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%13)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%12)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%11)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%10)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O9)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O8)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O7)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O6)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O5)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O4)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940029339 inulin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000003907 kidney function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 229960002668 sodium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229940116269 uric acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N UNPD196149 Natural products OC1C(O)C(CO)OC1(CO)OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(COC2C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O2)O)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000030159 metabolic disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000007830 nerve conduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 201000001119 neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000007823 neuropathy Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-ZQSKZDJDSA-N raffinose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-ZQSKZDJDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 3
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010053567 Coagulopathies Diseases 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-RMMQSMQOSA-N Raffinose Natural products O(C[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@]2(CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O1)[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-RMMQSMQOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].NC(N)=O Chemical compound [N].NC(N)=O PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004872 arterial blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- CLKOFPXJLQSYAH-ABRJDSQDSA-N bacitracin A Chemical compound C1SC([C@@H](N)[C@@H](C)CC)=N[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](CCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2N=CNC=2)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)NCCCC1 CLKOFPXJLQSYAH-ABRJDSQDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035602 clotting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002683 foot Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000614 phase inversion technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxane Chemical compound C1COCOC1 VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006091 1,3-dioxolane group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVONRAPFKPVNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOCCOC(C)=O SVONRAPFKPVNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010001478 Bacitracin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000283986 Lepus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000003939 Membrane transport proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000301 Membrane transport proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000007562 Serum Albumin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010071390 Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100028079 Uncharacterized protein C20orf144 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710189798 Uncharacterized protein C20orf144 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003071 bacitracin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930184125 bacitracin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004820 blood count Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009534 blood test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010006451 bronchitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930188620 butyrolactone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FDJOLVPMNUYSCM-UVKKECPRSA-L cobalt(3+);[(2r,3s,4r,5s)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2r)-1-[3-[(2r,3r,4z,7s,9z,12s,13s,14z,17s,18s,19r)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2,7, Chemical compound [Co+3].N#[C-].C1([C@H](CC(N)=O)[C@@]2(C)CCC(=O)NC[C@@H](C)OP([O-])(=O)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]3CO)N3C4=CC(C)=C(C)C=C4N=C3)O)[N-]\C2=C(C)/C([C@H](C\2(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=N/C/2=C\C([C@H]([C@@]/2(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=N\C\2=C(C)/C2=N[C@]1(C)[C@@](C)(CC(N)=O)[C@@H]2CCC(N)=O FDJOLVPMNUYSCM-UVKKECPRSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012045 crude solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000010643 digestive system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001493 electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000024924 glomerular filtration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013627 low molecular weight specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009061 membrane transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- DDBREPKUVSBGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenobarbital Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(CC)C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O DDBREPKUVSBGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003371 toe Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000041 toxicology testing Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002441 uremic toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036642 wellbeing Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/0011—Casting solutions therefor
- B01D67/00113—Pretreatment of the casting solutions, e.g. thermal treatment or ageing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/50—Polycarbonates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/0011—Casting solutions therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US66855676A | 1976-03-19 | 1976-03-19 | |
| US668,556 | 1976-03-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1107467A true CA1107467A (en) | 1981-08-25 |
Family
ID=24682802
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000273029A Expired CA1107467A (en) | 1976-03-19 | 1977-03-02 | Polycarbonate membranes for use in hemodialysis |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5812028B2 (da) |
| BE (1) | BE852663A (da) |
| CA (1) | CA1107467A (da) |
| CH (1) | CH629515A5 (da) |
| DE (1) | DE2711498A1 (da) |
| DK (1) | DK96677A (da) |
| FR (1) | FR2344315A1 (da) |
| GB (1) | GB1556898A (da) |
| NL (1) | NL7703001A (da) |
| NO (1) | NO770946L (da) |
| SE (1) | SE7703124L (da) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4069151A (en) * | 1976-03-31 | 1978-01-17 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Thin polycarbonate membranes for use in hemodialysis |
| JPS5596162A (en) * | 1979-01-18 | 1980-07-22 | Asahi Medical Co | Polycarbonate hollow fiber dialysis film and its preparation |
| SE423106B (sv) * | 1980-07-25 | 1982-04-13 | Gambro Dialysatoren | Plasmaferesmembran samt sett att tillverka detta |
| EP0046816A1 (en) * | 1980-09-01 | 1982-03-10 | Gambro, Inc. | Polycarbonate hemofiltration membrane and method of hemofiltering using such a membrane |
| ATE10437T1 (de) * | 1980-09-01 | 1984-12-15 | Gambro, Inc. | Trockene polycarbonatmembran und verfahren zur herstellung. |
| EP0135760A1 (de) * | 1983-08-19 | 1985-04-03 | Bayer Ag | Polyether-Polycarbonate für Dialysemembranen |
| JPS62141360U (da) * | 1986-02-28 | 1987-09-07 | ||
| JPH0511720Y2 (da) * | 1986-11-28 | 1993-03-24 | ||
| DE60311240T2 (de) * | 2003-07-03 | 2007-07-05 | Fresenius Hemocare Italia S.R.L., Cavezzo | Filter zur Entfernung von Substanzen aus Blutprodukten |
| US7649073B2 (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2010-01-19 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Polycarbonate-poly(alkylene oxide) copolymer compositions and articles formed therefrom |
| US7642315B2 (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2010-01-05 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Polycarbonate-poly(alkylene oxide) copolymer compositions and articles formed therefrom |
| EP2155802B1 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2013-03-06 | SABIC Innovative Plastics IP B.V. | Polycarbonate-poly(alkylene oxide) copolymer compositions and articles formed therefrom |
| DE102013224874B4 (de) | 2013-12-04 | 2022-08-25 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur kovalenten Beschichtung von Polymeren mit zumindest teilweise nucleophilen Kettenenden, oberflächlich beschichtetes Substrat sowie Verwendungsmöglichkeiten |
| CN108927019B (zh) * | 2017-05-24 | 2021-03-02 | 北京赛特超润界面科技有限公司 | 一种嵌段共聚物膜与功能性孔膜杂化的盐差发电膜的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1500937A (en) * | 1974-03-26 | 1978-02-15 | Us Health | Process for producing a polycarbonate hemodialysis membrane |
-
1977
- 1977-03-02 CA CA000273029A patent/CA1107467A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-04 DK DK96677A patent/DK96677A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-03-16 NO NO770946A patent/NO770946L/no unknown
- 1977-03-16 DE DE19772711498 patent/DE2711498A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-03-17 GB GB11299/77A patent/GB1556898A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-18 SE SE7703124A patent/SE7703124L/xx unknown
- 1977-03-18 FR FR7708192A patent/FR2344315A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-03-18 BE BE175945A patent/BE852663A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-18 NL NL7703001A patent/NL7703001A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-03-18 CH CH346277A patent/CH629515A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-19 JP JP52031005A patent/JPS5812028B2/ja not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK96677A (da) | 1977-09-20 |
| NO770946L (no) | 1977-09-20 |
| FR2344315B1 (da) | 1982-07-02 |
| JPS52116692A (en) | 1977-09-30 |
| JPS5812028B2 (ja) | 1983-03-05 |
| SE7703124L (sv) | 1977-09-20 |
| NL7703001A (nl) | 1977-09-21 |
| DE2711498A1 (de) | 1977-09-22 |
| CH629515A5 (en) | 1982-04-30 |
| FR2344315A1 (fr) | 1977-10-14 |
| GB1556898A (en) | 1979-11-28 |
| BE852663A (fr) | 1977-07-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4075108A (en) | Polycarbonate membranes and production thereof | |
| US5938929A (en) | Polysulfone hollow fiber semipermeable membrane | |
| US4935141A (en) | Selectively permeable asymmetric membranes suitable for use in hemodialysis and processes for manufacturing such membranes | |
| US4720343A (en) | Macroporous asymmetrical hydrophilic membrane made of a synthetic polymer | |
| US4439322A (en) | Polymethyl methacrylate membrane | |
| CA1259030A (en) | Cross flow filtration | |
| CA1107467A (en) | Polycarbonate membranes for use in hemodialysis | |
| CA1093240A (en) | Thin polycarbonate membranes for use in hemodialysis | |
| US4160791A (en) | Polycarbonate membranes and production thereof | |
| EP0012630B1 (en) | Process for producing a cellulose acetate-type permselective membrane, permselective membrane thus produced, and use of such membrane in artificial kidney | |
| US4308145A (en) | Relatively thick polycarbonate membranes for use in hemodialysis | |
| US4935140A (en) | Membrane and process for producing the membrane | |
| CA1062413A (en) | Polycarbonate membranes and production thereof | |
| EP0344581B1 (en) | Semipermeable membrane and process for preparing same | |
| JP2703266B2 (ja) | ポリスルホン中空繊維膜およびその製法 | |
| JP3253861B2 (ja) | 選択透過性中空糸膜 | |
| EP0092587B1 (en) | Polymethyl methacrylate hollow yarn ultra-filtration membrane and process for its production | |
| JPH09308685A (ja) | 血液浄化用中空糸膜及び血液浄化器 | |
| EP0046817A1 (en) | Dry polycarbonate membrane and process of manufacture | |
| USRE30856E (en) | Polycarbonate membranes and production thereof | |
| EP0046816A1 (en) | Polycarbonate hemofiltration membrane and method of hemofiltering using such a membrane | |
| JP4003982B2 (ja) | ポリスルホン系選択透過性分離膜 | |
| JP2000107577A (ja) | 選択透過性中空糸膜の製造方法 | |
| JPS61200805A (ja) | ポリエ−テルスルホン微孔中空糸膜およびその製造方法 | |
| JPH09308684A (ja) | 選択分離膜 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |